CN101963588A - System for evaluating condensation heat transfer effect - Google Patents
System for evaluating condensation heat transfer effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN101963588A CN101963588A CN 201010262746 CN201010262746A CN101963588A CN 101963588 A CN101963588 A CN 101963588A CN 201010262746 CN201010262746 CN 201010262746 CN 201010262746 A CN201010262746 A CN 201010262746A CN 101963588 A CN101963588 A CN 101963588A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a system for evaluating a condensation heat transfer effect. The system comprises a test section, a steam generation system, a cooling water system, an auxiliary condensation system, a data acquisition and monitoring system and a visual observation system, wherein the test section consists of a condensation chamber and a cooling chamber. An evaluating device of the invention can comprehensively evaluate the condensation heat transfer effect of a metal surface through test data, the condensation shape of steam on the metal surface, the dynamic behavior of a liquid film/liquid drop and the like.
Description
[technical field]
The assessment technique field that the present invention relates to conduct heat specifically, is a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system.
[background technology]
Along with the development of steam-power engineering to High Temperature High Pressure, high capacity unit direction, nuclear power shared ratio in powered by conventional energy constantly increases, the demand of rocket engine and the cooling of various high heat load wall, and the appearance of all kinds of New Evaporators, condenser and phase-change heat-exchanger in the fields such as oil, chemical industry, food and cryogenic engineering, all promote the flourish of boiling and the work of condensation area research, be still one of favorite important research direction of domestic and international Study on Heat and Mass Transfer person so far.
The steam condensation is that steam is cooled off or emit latent heat under the condition of boosting, and forms the process of liquid phase under the saturation temperature of corresponding pressure.Industrial normally film condensation of steam condensing mode, the coefficient of heat transfer is less, and its thermal resistance is caused by condensate film that mainly therefore, the main mode of strengthening membranaceous condensing heat-exchange is exactly the drainage of adopting various measures to dredge condensed fluid, the thickness of attenuate liquid film.Nineteen thirty Schimidt etc. finds the dropwise condensation phenomenon more much higher than film condensation heat transfer intensity first, afterwards, although scholar both domestic and external is devoted to realize by surface treatment the research of dropwise condensation, dropwise condensation mechanism and commercial Application thereof always, and in the laboratory, can keep up to ten thousand hours dropwise condensation, but up to now, dropwise condensation does not still obtain industrial concrete application, traces it to its cause, and mainly is that the mechanism of dropwise condensation is still thoroughly unclear.
Traditional condensation evaluation method is to adopt the tubulose sample to carry out agglutination,cold test, main from the average angle of macroscopic view, according to test findings the condensation effect of metal surface is judged, shortage from microcosmic angle to the condensation heat transfer Mechanism analysis, and have only the mechanism of furtheing investigate condensation heat transfer, could promote the development of condensation intensify heat transmission technology better.
[summary of the invention]
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system is provided.
The objective of the invention is to realize by following technology power case:
A kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system, steam generation systems, cooling water system, test section, auxiliary condenser system, data acquisition monitoring system, visual inspection system; The gasification furnace of steam generation systems directly links to each other with the condensation chamber of test section; Cooling water system is to be carried by pump by the outside constant temperature water source of tank, enters the cooling chamber of test section through flowmeter, to spray or the mode of spray is cooled off the back side of test test block; The condensation chamber below of test section is provided with condensate outlet and unnecessary vapor outlet port, steam enters funnel and enters test tank through drain valve and collect metering behind test test block surface condensation, unnecessary steam enters auxiliary condenser system by unnecessary vapor outlet port and condenses; The visual inspection system places the place ahead of glass visor;
Described steam generation systems comprises two gasification furnaces and superheater, and required steam source in the evaluation procedure is provided;
Described cooling water system is used to control the degree of supercooling of testing the test block condensing surface; Mainly be that outside constant temperature water source is carried by pump, enter cooling chamber through flowmeter and cool off the back side (cooling surface) of test test block, thereby make the cryosurface of test test block reach certain degree of supercooling in the mode of spraying or spray;
Described test section is made up of outer wall cylindrical shell, cylinder lumen, test sample stationary platform and glass visor, outer wall cylindrical shell and cylinder lumen have constituted condensation chamber, cylinder lumen, it utilizes bolt to couple together with test test block stationary platform, has formed cooling chamber in cylinder lumen inside; Steam in the condensation chamber is in the condensation of test test block condensing surface, and in cooling chamber, chilled water is with the cooling surface of the method cooling test test block of spray or injection, to provide cryosurface required degree of supercooling; Condensation chamber provides the environment of steam condensation, and the steam generation systems that steam is made up of two gasification furnaces that directly link to each other with condensation chamber and superheater provides, superheater be for the steam that guarantees to feed condensation chamber be saturated dry flue gas;
Described condensation chamber setting pressure test chart guarantees that condensation chamber inner vapor pressure meets the evaluation and test requirement;
Buffer substrate tablet is installed at the steam-gas inlet place of described condensation chamber, avoids steam directly to purge test test block surface, influences the evaluation and test of condensation effect;
Described auxiliary condenser system is used for steam unnecessary in the condensation condensation chamber and the pressure of regulating condensation chamber;
Described data acquisition monitoring system comprises the temperature acquisition of testing test block, the monitoring of condensation chamber inner vapor pressure and the regulating and controlling of chilled water, is used to measure, gather and monitor the steam pressure in the temperature, condensation chamber of metal surface, the flow of chilled water etc.; Data acquisition unit is connected with a PC, utilizes PC that temperature is gathered in real time, monitored and handles;
Described test sample both sides respectively process three thermocouple jacks, adopt six roots of sensation thermopair to carry out the real time temperature collection, because condensation heat transfer is the process of a complexity, particularly drip the condensation mode of film coexistence, the temperature of metal surface is also incomplete same, adopts the temperature of many thermocouple measurement surface diverse locations to ask its mean value could guarantee that measured temperature can accurately reflect the actual temperature of test test block condensing surface again;
Described visual inspection system is made up of high-speed camera and enlarging lens, places the place ahead of glass visor, is used to observe steam in the condensation pattern of metal surface and the dynamic behaviour of condensate film/drop; Adopt high-speed camera that condensation process is carried out record, estimate the condensation heat transfer effect according to the dynamic behaviour of liquid film and/or drop;
Be equipped with in the described chilled(cooling) water supply (CWS) system and spray and spray two kinds of different types of cooling, the type of cooling of selecting shower nozzle to spray when the little degree of supercooling of needs is selected the type of cooling of spray when needing big supercooling degree; Be in order to reach on a large scale the purpose of the condensing characteristic that obtains material surface under the degree of supercooling;
Chilled water in the described tank keeps constant temperature, guarantees can reach identical cooling effect under the chilled water of same flow;
In addition, before the evaluation and test sealing of device is tested; Before test, remove fouling gas in the condensation chamber, avoid its influence steam condensation test data and experimental phenomena.
The present invention is applicable to the metal surface condensation effect evaluation under the various steam ambient, as water vapor, ethanol steam, alkane steam etc.; Be applicable to the condensation effect evaluation of various metal materials, as copper, carbon steel, titanium etc.
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is:
(1) condensation heat transfer effect evaluating device of the present invention is simple to operate, can observe the phase transition process of condensing surface by the high-speed camera instrument, not only can judge the superiority-inferiority of condensation heat transfer performance from experimental data, more can disclose the mechanism of condensation heat transfer from microcosmic angle, make the condensation heat transfer Evaluation on effect more reliable.
(2) the present invention can select the method for injection or spray by changing the type of cooling of chilled water, is experimentizing under the degree of supercooling on a large scale, thereby is judging the condensing characteristic of metal material under different degree of supercoolings.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is a condensation heat transfer effect evaluating device synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is test test block processing synoptic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the test section wiring layout;
Fig. 4 is the test section inner chamber;
Fig. 5 is test test block stationary platform;
Fig. 6 is the glass visor;
Fig. 7 red copper and industrially pure titanium surface adopt this device to carry out the condensing characteristic curve map that the condensation heat transfer effect assessment obtains;
Fig. 8 is the condensation pattern of steam on the industrially pure titanium surface.
[embodiment]
The present invention below is provided a kind of embodiment of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system.
Embodiment 1
See also attached Fig. 1 and 2, condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system of the present invention, the test section, auxiliary condenser system, data acquisition monitoring system and the visual inspection system etc. that are made up of steam generation systems, cooling water system, condensation chamber and cooling chamber form.
Test section is made up of outer wall cylindrical shell, cylinder lumen, test sample stationary platform and glass visor, as shown in Figure 3.Outer wall cylindrical shell and cylinder lumen have constituted condensation chamber, cylinder lumen as shown in Figure 4, its with the test test block stationary platform (as shown in Figure 5) utilize bolt to couple together, formed cooling chamber in cylinder lumen inside.
Condensation chamber provides the environment of steam condensation, and the steam generation systems that steam is made up of two gasification furnaces that directly link to each other with condensation chamber and superheater provides, superheater be for the steam that guarantees to feed condensation chamber be saturated dry flue gas.The test test block is installed on the stationary platform of test section, utilizes bolt to add and fasten, guarantee isolated fully between condensation chamber and the cooling chamber, avoiding chilled water to infiltrate condensation chamber influences evaluating result.Cooling water system mainly is that outside constant temperature water source is carried by pump, enters cooling chamber through flowmeter and cools off the back side (cooling surface) of test test block in the mode of spraying or spray, thereby make the cryosurface of test test block reach certain degree of supercooling.
The vapour inlet place of condensation chamber establishes buffer substrate tablet, avoids steam directly to purge test test block surface, influences the evaluation and test of condensation effect.The condensation chamber below is provided with condensate outlet and unnecessary vapor outlet port, steam enters funnel and enters test tank through drain valve and collect metering (only collecting the condensed fluid of institute's test surfaces) behind test test block surface condensation, unnecessary steam enters by unnecessary vapor outlet port assists condenser system to condense.Installation one tensimeter in condensation chamber top is monitored the steam pressure in the condensation chamber, and by regulating the pressure of vapor flow rate and auxiliary condenser system control condensation chamber inner vapor, condensation chamber inner vapor pressure is stable in the assurance test process.
Data acquisition monitoring system comprises the temperature acquisition of testing test block, the monitoring of condensation chamber inner vapor pressure and the regulating and controlling of chilled water, related data in the evaluation and test process is monitored in real time, in case note abnormalities then regulate the stability that the control corresponding system realizes system.
For the ease of the visual inspection in the evaluation and test process, a glass visor is installed in the place ahead of condensation chamber, as shown in Figure 6, see through the glass visor and observe the condensation effect that the condensation pattern of cryosurface can tentatively be judged the metal surface.The visual inspection system mainly is made up of high-speed camera and enlarging lens, place the place ahead of glass visor, be used to observe the distribution and the dynamic behaviour of metal surface condensing droplet/liquid film, thereby realize from microcosmic angle for condensation heat transfer Evaluation on effect and condensation heat transfer Mechanism analysis.
Condensation heat transfer effect under steam ambient is an example as evaluation object with red copper and industrially pure titanium below, describes condensation heat transfer evaluation system of the present invention and evaluation method in detail, and the evaluation result that obtains.
At first test block to be measured is fixed on the test platform, 6 thermopairs is inserted in the hole of holding successfully in advance, in order to guarantee thermometric accuracy, thermopair needs to contact well with the test test block.Should verify earlier that its sealing property guarantees its favorable sealing property after finishing the installation of test block to be measured and test section.To feed in the condensation chamber through the steam of gasification furnace 1,2 and superheater 3 generations then, open before the chilled water, feeding steam is half an hour at least, to remove the fouling gas in the condensation chamber, avoids the influence of fouling gas to the steam condensation process.After thoroughly removing fouling gas, open the chilled(cooling) water supply (CWS) system and select to spray 5 or spray 6 the type of cooling and chilled water is transported to the test sample back side cools off, thereby control the degree of supercooling of test block 13 to be measured by regulating flow that flowmeter 4 changes chilled waters according to the heat conductivility of test sample material itself.The condensate water that surface condensation to be measured obtains enters test tank 11 by funnel 15, and adjusting drain valve 16 avoids the steam in the condensation chamber directly to enter test tank influences test result.The interior excess steam of condensation chamber then enters steam auxiliary condenser 17 and condenses, and steam regulation quantity delivered and auxiliary condenser guarantee that the vapor pressure in the condensation chamber keeps invariable.By data acquisition monitoring system whole apparatus system is monitored, treated opening entry data behind the system stability.
Because of the coefficient of heat conductivity of red copper under the saturated vapour environment is 395W/ (mK), select the type of cooling of injection, and the coefficient of heat conductivity of industrially pure titanium under the saturated vapour environment only is 20.8W/ (mK) in this evaluation and test example, selects the type of cooling of spray.Concrete cooling water flow controlled variable sees the following form.
Utilize this device can obtain the condensing characteristic curve (relation curve of heat of condensation flux and degree of supercooling) of institute's test surfaces.Thermoflux calculates by the condensation water quantity of the test surfaces that test is collected; Degree of supercooling is the temperature of test surfaces and the difference of vapor (steam) temperature, and the temperature that the temperature of test surfaces records by thermopair is derived according to Fourier's one dimensional heat transfer law and obtained.Fig. 7 is the red copper that adopts evaluating apparatus of the present invention and obtain and the condensing characteristic curve on industrially pure titanium surface, as can be seen, the condensing characteristic of red copper surface and Nusselt film condensation theoretical value meet substantially, and under the identical degree of supercooling, the condensation heat transfer amount on industrially pure titanium surface then is about 3 times of red copper surface, and this just illustrates that steam obviously is better than red copper surface in the condensation heat transfer effect on industrially pure titanium surface.
Utilize this device to observe the condensation (i.e. Biao Mian condensation mode) of steam, the metal surface condensation effect is carried out tentatively estimating by visor 14 in the metal surface macroscopic view.The condensation mode of steam in the metal surface is divided into film condensation, dropwise condensation and drips the condensation mode of film coexistence, dropwise condensation is the most effective a kind of condensation heat transfer pattern of condensation heat transfer, can tentatively judge the quality of condensation heat transfer effect from macroscopical presentation (drop is at the shared area ratio in whole metal surface) of surperficial drop, the condensation effect of the big more then metal surface of drop area occupied ratio is good more, otherwise the condensation effect of the big more then metal of liquid film area occupied ratio is poor more.Be illustrated in figure 8 as the condensation pattern of steam on the industrially pure titanium surface, as can be seen, steam is at the condensation mode that drips the film coexistence that is condensed on titanium surface, and steam at the copper table and the condensation mode that is condensed into film condensation, can tentatively judge under steam ambient from The apparent phenomenon, the condensation heat transfer effect on industrially pure titanium surface is better than red copper surface, and this also meets the result of above-mentioned condensing characteristic curve map.
Further, drip the condensation mode of film coexistence on the industrially pure titanium surface at steam, adopt high-speed camera instrument 20 (MotionXtra N4, IDT Inc.) to its surperficial droplet nucleation, growth, merge and the process that comes off is dynamically taken, utilize digital image analysis system that the gained picture is analyzed, analyze the steam rule that droplet distribution, droplet growth and drop come off on condensing surface, thereby further its condensation heat transfer effect is estimated.
Can illustrate that by above example this condensation heat transfer evaluating apparatus can correctly be estimated the condensation effect of metal surface, can effectively solve the difficulty of condensation heat transfer microcosmic Mechanism Analysis, the development that promotes the enforcing condensation heat transfer technology is had great importance.
The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system is characterized in that, it comprises the steam generation systems, cooling water system, test section, auxiliary condenser system, data acquisition monitoring system and visual inspection system; The gasification furnace of steam generation systems directly links to each other with the condensation chamber of test section; Cooling water system is to be carried by pump by the outside constant temperature water source of tank, enters the cooling chamber of test section through flowmeter, to spray or the mode of spray is cooled off the back side of test test block; The condensation chamber below of test section is provided with condensate outlet and unnecessary vapor outlet port, steam enters funnel and enters test tank through drain valve and collect metering behind test test block surface condensation, unnecessary steam enters auxiliary condenser system by unnecessary vapor outlet port and condenses; The visual inspection system places the place ahead of glass visor.
2. a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described steam generation systems comprises two gasification furnaces and superheater.
3. a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described cooling water system is that outside constant temperature water source is carried by pump, enters cooling chamber cools off the test test block in the mode of spraying or spray the back side through flowmeter.
4. a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described test section is made up of outer wall cylindrical shell, cylinder lumen, test sample stationary platform and glass visor, outer wall cylindrical shell and cylinder lumen have constituted condensation chamber, cylinder lumen, it utilizes bolt to couple together with test test block stationary platform, at the inner cooling chamber that forms of cylinder lumen; Steam in the condensation chamber is in the condensation of test test block condensing surface, and in cooling chamber, chilled water is with the cooling surface of the method cooling test test block of spray or injection; Condensation chamber provides the environment of steam condensation, and the steam generation systems that steam is made up of two gasification furnaces that directly link to each other with condensation chamber and superheater provides.
5. a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described condensation chamber setting pressure test chart.
6. a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, buffer substrate tablet is installed at the steam-gas inlet place of described condensation chamber.
7. a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data acquisition monitoring system comprises the temperature acquisition of testing test block, the monitoring of condensation chamber inner vapor pressure and the regulating and controlling of chilled water, data acquisition unit is connected with PC, utilizes PC that temperature is gathered in real time, monitored and handles.
8. a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described visual inspection system is made up of high-speed camera and enlarging lens, places the place ahead of glass visor.
9. a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, injection is installed on the described cooling water supply unit and sprays two kinds of different types of cooling.
10. a kind of condensation heat transfer effect evaluation system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described steam is a kind of in water vapor, ethanol steam, the alkane steam; Described metallic test material is a kind of in copper, carbon steel, the titanium.
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CN103728334A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-16 | 国核华清(北京)核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Bearing test device for simulating wall-surface condensation phenomenon |
CN104634810A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-20 | 国核华清(北京)核电技术研发中心有限公司 | High Rayleigh (Ra) number coupling heat-transfer characteristic measuring and evaluating device |
CN106710646A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-24 | 国核华清(北京)核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Pressure bearing test device |
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WO2020088151A1 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-07 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Furnace body for thermal analysis instrument and thermal analysis instrument provided with same |
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CN104634810A (en) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-20 | 国核华清(北京)核电技术研发中心有限公司 | High Rayleigh (Ra) number coupling heat-transfer characteristic measuring and evaluating device |
CN103728334A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-16 | 国核华清(北京)核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Bearing test device for simulating wall-surface condensation phenomenon |
CN106710646A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2017-05-24 | 国核华清(北京)核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Pressure bearing test device |
CN106710646B (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2020-04-17 | 国核华清(北京)核电技术研发中心有限公司 | Pressure-bearing test equipment |
WO2020088151A1 (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-07 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Furnace body for thermal analysis instrument and thermal analysis instrument provided with same |
JP2021527827A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2021-10-14 | 中国科学院上海硅酸塩研究所 | A furnace body for a thermal analyzer and a thermal analyzer equipped with it |
JP7085652B2 (en) | 2018-10-29 | 2022-06-16 | 中国科学院上海硅酸塩研究所 | A furnace body for a thermal analyzer and a thermal analyzer equipped with it |
CN110420566A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2019-11-08 | 天云净品(深圳)科技有限公司 | A kind of novel household solar water distiller and system |
CN112964747A (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2021-06-15 | 北京科技大学 | Gas condensation visualization and heat exchange characteristic detection device and method |
CN112964747B (en) * | 2021-03-10 | 2022-04-22 | 北京科技大学 | Gas condensation visualization and heat exchange characteristic detection device and method |
CN113218990A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-08-06 | 江苏科技大学 | Visual pool boiling experiment system and working method thereof |
CN113218990B (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2022-05-13 | 江苏科技大学 | Visual pool boiling experiment system and working method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20110202 |