CN101963519B - Detection method of fuel consumption in bench test simulated road test standard state - Google Patents
Detection method of fuel consumption in bench test simulated road test standard state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
台试模拟路试标准状态燃料消耗量检测方法，是空载汽车在底盘测功机上模拟汽车路试进行标准状态燃料消耗量检测的方法，属于汽车性能检测方法技术领域。The utility model relates to a method for detecting fuel consumption in a standard state of a bench test simulated road test, which is a method for detecting fuel consumption in a standard state by simulating a road test of an unloaded vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, and belongs to the technical field of vehicle performance detection methods.
背景技术 Background technique
我国现有营运汽车燃料消耗量型式认定的测量方法，是采用满载汽车在规定的车速点等速检测百公里燃料消耗量，按权重系数计算综合百公里燃料消耗量。在用车是以样车规定状态、挡位和一个车速点等速稳态检测的路试燃料消耗量作为参比值。背景技术参考文献：JT711-2008《营运客车燃料消耗量限值及测量方法》和JT719-2008《营运货车燃料消耗量限值及测量方法》，两标准采用全路试，当汽车生产厂家对新车型优化设计需反复试验时，或者在用车台试进行标准状态燃料消耗量检测时，具有以下不足：The measurement method for the fuel consumption type certification of existing operating vehicles in my country is to use a fully loaded vehicle to detect the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers at a constant speed at a specified speed point, and calculate the comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 kilometers according to the weight coefficient. The in-use vehicle is based on the fuel consumption of the road test of the sample vehicle in the specified state, gear position and constant speed test at a speed point as a reference value. Background technical references: JT711-2008 "Fuel Consumption Limits and Measurement Methods of Commercial Passenger Cars" and JT719-2008 "Limits and Measurement Methods of Fuel Consumption of Commercial Trucks". When repeated trials are required for the optimal design of vehicle models, or when the fuel consumption is detected in the standard state by using the vehicle bench test, it has the following deficiencies:
(1)每个车速点路试往返试验需要多次，多车速点等速检测时间长。(2)试验场所和环境条件要求较高。(3)路试车辆阻力受环境参数影响很大。(4)台试没有考虑环境条件对发动机功率和燃料消耗量的影响。(1) The round-trip road test at each speed point requires multiple times, and the constant speed detection at multiple speed points takes a long time. (2) The requirements for the test site and environmental conditions are relatively high. (3) The resistance of road test vehicles is greatly affected by environmental parameters. (4) The bench test did not consider the influence of environmental conditions on engine power and fuel consumption.
本方法适用汽车生产厂家对新车型燃料消耗量研发的反复试验和在用车的燃料消耗量检测，只需样车一次路试，考虑台试环境条件对发动机功率和燃料消耗量的影响，使空载汽车在底盘测功机上模拟路试进行标准状态燃料消耗量检测。This method is suitable for automobile manufacturers' repeated tests on the fuel consumption research and development of new models and the fuel consumption detection of in-use vehicles. Only one road test of the prototype car is required, and the impact of the test environment on the engine power and fuel consumption is considered. The unloaded vehicle simulates the road test on the chassis dynamometer to detect the fuel consumption in the standard state.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
要准确进行空载汽车台试模拟路试标准状态燃料消耗量检测，应保证同一汽车台试与路试的发动机输出功率和转速在标准状态下各车速点对应相等，要考虑台试发动机输出功率和燃料消耗量受环境状态影响。本方法的具体步骤如下：In order to accurately detect the fuel consumption in the standard state of the simulated road test of the unloaded car bench test, it should be ensured that the engine output power and speed of the same car bench test and road test are equal at each speed point under the standard state, and the engine output power of the bench test should be considered and fuel consumption are affected by the state of the environment. The concrete steps of this method are as follows:
1、空载或满载汽车空挡路试滑行得到各车速点的减速度ai，m/s2，计算得到空载或满载汽车空挡路试各车速点的系统阻力F2，确定F2的方式可以有多种：可以各车型样车按国标GB18352.3-2005《轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法》中第CC.5.1.1.2.7款，可以基准质量作为系统惯量来计算的测定阻力F测定作为F2，也可以基准质量加上车辆空挡底盘传动旋转件当量惯量作为系统惯量来计算的测定阻力F测定作为F2，也可以按国标GB18352.3-2005第CC.5.1.1.2.8款，对测定阻力F测定校正后的F校正作为F2。1. Obtain the deceleration a i , m/s 2 at each speed point from the empty or fully loaded car in neutral road test, calculate the system resistance F 2 at each speed point in the empty or fully loaded car in neutral road test, and determine F 2 There can be many kinds: the sample cars of each model can be measured according to item CC.5.1.1.2.7 in the national standard GB18352.3-2005 "Light Vehicle Pollutant Emission Limits and Measurement Methods", and the reference mass can be used as the system inertia to calculate the measurement The resistance F is measured as F 2 , or the reference mass plus the equivalent inertia of the chassis transmission rotating parts in neutral gear of the vehicle can be calculated as the system inertia. .8, for the measured resistance F, the F correction after the correction is taken as F 2 .
可以无需路试，按统计法或计算法来确定空载或满载汽车空挡路试各车速点的系统阻力F2。It is possible to determine the system resistance F 2 at each speed point of the neutral road test of an empty or fully loaded vehicle by statistical or calculation methods without the need for a road test.
2、空载汽车在底盘测功机上挂上变速器高速挡位后，功率吸收装置不加载，加大油门使车速超过标准规定最高检测车速的5km/h后松油门挂空挡，采用自由和加载两次滑行法、两次恒力加载滑行法、增减惯量两次滑行法的其中任一种方法，或采用一次滑行法，测量得到空挡汽车、底盘测功机整个传动系统的各车速点阻力F1 2. After the high-speed gear of the transmission is mounted on the chassis dynamometer of an unloaded car, the power absorbing device is not loaded. Increase the accelerator to make the vehicle speed exceed the maximum detection speed of 5km/h specified in the standard, and then loosen the accelerator and put it in neutral. Either one of the sliding method, the double sliding method with constant force loading, the double sliding method of increasing and decreasing inertia, or the one-time sliding method to measure the resistance F at each speed point of the neutral vehicle and the entire transmission system of the chassis dynamometer. 1
3、按规范的标准环境状态，发动机功率的车速参数不受环境状态的影响，驱动力校正系数等于功率校正系数，用功率校正系数a把F2修正为当前台试环境状态下的发动机驱动力F2D＝F2/a，汽车空载在底盘测功机上，驾驶员挂上规定的变速器挡位，在各规定相同车速点，功率吸收装置在滚筒表面上的加载力F3＝F2D-F1，以F3恒力控制加载，驾驶员调整并稳定油门踏板位置，在规定车速点等速稳态进行台试模拟路试标准状态燃料消耗量检测。3. According to the standard environmental state of the specification, the vehicle speed parameter of the engine power is not affected by the environmental state. The driving force correction coefficient is equal to the power correction coefficient. Use the power correction coefficient a to correct F2 to the engine driving force under the current test environment state F 2D ＝F 2 /a, when the car is on the chassis dynamometer with no load, the driver engages the specified transmission gear, at the same specified speed points, the loading force of the power absorbing device on the roller surface is F 3 ＝F 2D - F 1 , load with F 3 constant force control, the driver adjusts and stabilizes the position of the accelerator pedal, and conducts a bench test at a constant speed and steady state at a specified speed point to detect fuel consumption in the standard state of the simulated road test.
4、当对新车型汽车进行燃料消耗量的发动机、变速箱、驱动桥、车轮直径优化设计后，可能F1发生了变化，环境状态也发生了变化，可以设定原来满载路试的F2不变，重新试验F1，然后把F2修正到台试当前环境状态下的发动机驱动力F2D，得到新的F3，功率吸收装置在滚筒表面上以新的F3恒力加载，台试模拟路试进行标准状态燃料消耗量试验，优化设计直至新车型燃料消耗量符合标准限值要求或达到良好的燃料消耗量。4. After optimizing the fuel consumption of the engine, gearbox, drive axle, and wheel diameter of a new model car, F 1 may have changed, and the environmental state may have changed, so the F 2 of the original full-load road test can be set unchanged, re-test F1 , and then correct F2 to the engine driving force F2D under the current environmental state of the bench test to obtain a new F3 , the power absorbing device is loaded on the drum surface with a new F3 constant force, and the bench Carry out the fuel consumption test in the standard state by simulating the road test, and optimize the design until the fuel consumption of the new model meets the requirements of the standard limit or reaches a good fuel consumption.
5、在用车检测标准状态燃料消耗量，以该车辆规范要求计算或确定的满载或空载空挡路试阻力F2，用功率校正系数把F2修正为当前台试环境状态下的发动机驱动力F2D，测量得到在用车空挡、底盘测功机整个传动系统的各车速点阻力F1，得到相应的F3。5. For the fuel consumption in the standard state of the in-use vehicle test, calculate or determine the full-load or no-load and neutral road test resistance F 2 based on the requirements of the vehicle specification, and use the power correction coefficient to correct F 2 to the engine drive under the current bench test environment The force F 2D is measured to obtain the resistance F 1 at each speed point of the vehicle in neutral and the entire transmission system of the chassis dynamometer, and the corresponding F 3 is obtained.
台试模拟路试标准状态燃料消耗量检测方法，适用于汽车生产厂家进行新车型燃料消耗量优化设计需反复试验时，或者在用车燃料消耗量检测时，空载汽车在底盘测功机上模拟汽车路试进行标准状态燃料消耗量检测，其技术特点如下：Bench test simulation road test standard state fuel consumption detection method is suitable for automobile manufacturers to optimize the design of fuel consumption of new models when repeated tests are required, or when the fuel consumption of vehicles is detected, the empty car is simulated on the chassis dynamometer The vehicle road test is carried out to detect the fuel consumption in the standard state, and its technical characteristics are as follows:
台试发动机输出功率和燃料消耗量受环境状态影响，按规范的标准环境状态，功率的驱动力参数受环境状态的影响，驱动力校正系数等于功率校正系数，计算或确定空载或满载汽车空挡路试各车速点的系统阻力F2后，把F2用功率校正系数a修正为当前台试环境状态下的发动机驱动力F2D＝F2/a，测量得到空载汽车空挡、底盘测功机整个传动系统的各车速点阻力F1，汽车空载在底盘测功机上，驾驶员挂上规定的变速器挡位，在规定相同车速点，功率吸收装置在滚筒表面上的加载力F3＝F2D-F1，以F3恒力控制加载，驾驶员调整并稳定油门踏板位置，在规定车速点等速稳态进行台试模拟路试标准状态燃料消耗量检测。以基准质量加上车辆空挡底盘传动旋转件当量惯量作为系统惯量来计算并校正后的F校正作为F2，把路试负荷和台试负荷都修正到了统一的标准状态下，提高了台试模拟路试标准状态燃料消耗量检测和评价的准确性和一致性。The output power and fuel consumption of the bench test engine are affected by the environmental state. According to the standard environmental state, the driving force parameters of the power are affected by the environmental state. The driving force correction coefficient is equal to the power correction coefficient. Calculate or determine the neutral position of the car with no load or full load After road testing the system resistance F 2 at each speed point, correct F 2 with the power correction coefficient a to the engine driving force F 2D = F 2 /a in the current bench test environment, and measure the neutral gear and chassis dynamometer of the unloaded car The resistance F 1 at each speed point of the entire transmission system of the machine, the car is unloaded on the chassis dynamometer, the driver puts on the specified transmission gear, and at the same specified speed point, the loading force F 3 of the power absorbing device on the surface of the drum = F 2D -F 1 , the load is controlled by F 3 constant force, the driver adjusts and stabilizes the position of the accelerator pedal, and the bench test simulates the fuel consumption detection in the road test standard state at the specified speed point and constant speed. The reference mass plus the equivalent inertia of the chassis transmission rotating parts in the neutral gear of the vehicle is used as the system inertia to calculate and the corrected F correction is taken as F 2 . The road test load and the bench test load are corrected to a unified standard state, which improves the bench test simulation. Accuracy and consistency of fuel consumption detection and evaluation in road test standard state.
当汽车生产厂家对该车型的发动机、变速器、驱动桥、车轮直径优化设计后，无需满载汽车重新路试，设定原来满载汽车路试的F2不变，用功率校正系数把F2修正为当前台试环境状态下的驱动力F2D，重新试验F1得到新的F3，只需一次路试即可进行该车型燃料消耗量优化设计的反复台试，当车型全质量较大时，为简化操作，可以每两个非驱动轮约等于1％整备质量来估算全部非驱动轮的当量惯量m4。After the automobile manufacturer optimizes the design of the engine, transmission, drive axle, and wheel diameter of the vehicle, there is no need to re-test the vehicle with a full load, and the original F 2 of the road test with a full load is set unchanged, and F 2 is corrected to The driving force F 2D under the current bench test environment, retest F 1 to get the new F 3 , only one road test is needed to carry out repeated bench tests on the optimization design of fuel consumption of this model. In order to simplify the operation, the equivalent inertia m 4 of all non-driving wheels can be estimated by every two non-driving wheels being approximately equal to 1% of curb weight.
当在用车检测标准状态燃料消耗量，计算或确定该车辆的满载或空载空挡路试阻力F2后，用功率校正系数把F2修正为当前台试环境状态下的发动机驱动力F2D，测量得到空载空挡汽车、底盘测功机整个传动系统的各车速点阻力F1，得到相应的F3。When the fuel consumption in the standard state is detected by the vehicle in use, after calculating or determining the full-load or no-load and neutral road test resistance F2 of the vehicle, use the power correction coefficient to correct F2 to the engine driving force F2D under the current bench test environment , measure the resistance F 1 of each speed point of the whole transmission system of the unloaded neutral vehicle and the chassis dynamometer, and obtain the corresponding F 3 .
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以货车新车型优化设计和试验和在用车检测为例来说明本方法的具体实施方式：按规定要求，可以基准质量作为系统惯量来计算的测定阻力F测定作为F2，也可以基准质量加上车辆空挡底盘传动旋转件当量惯量作为系统惯量来计算的测定阻力F测定作为F2，也可以按对测定阻力F测定校正后的F校正作为F2。The specific implementation of this method is illustrated by taking the optimization design and test of new truck models and the detection of in-use vehicles as examples: according to the requirements of the regulations, the measured resistance F calculated by using the reference mass as the system inertia can be measured as F 2 , or the reference mass plus The measured resistance F calculated by taking the equivalent inertia of the neutral chassis transmission rotating part of the upper vehicle as the system inertia is measured as F 2 , or the F correction after the measured resistance F is measured and corrected can be used as F 2 .
也可以无需路试，按统计法或计算法来确定空载或满载汽车空挡路试各车速点的系统阻力F2。It is also possible to determine the system resistance F 2 at each speed point of the neutral road test of an unloaded or fully loaded vehicle according to a statistical method or a calculation method without a road test.
1、货车新车型优化设计和试验1. Optimized design and test of new truck models
以基准质量加上车辆空挡底盘传动旋转件当量惯量作为系统惯量来计算并校正后的F校正作为F2，举例说明实施方式：The reference mass plus the equivalent inertia of the transmission rotating part of the chassis in neutral gear of the vehicle is used as the system inertia to calculate and the corrected F correction is taken as F 2 , and the implementation method is illustrated with an example:
(1)底盘测功机说明书标明其当量惯量为896kg。从轮胎手册中查找轮胎的转动惯量L，kg.m2；计量轮胎的当量惯量为L/r2，kg，r为轮胎半径m。(1) The instruction manual of the chassis dynamometer indicates that its equivalent inertia is 896kg. Find the moment of inertia L, kg.m 2 of the tire from the tire manual; measure the equivalent inertia of the tire as L/r 2 , kg, where r is the tire radius in m.
(2)驱动轮驶上底盘测功机滚筒，功率吸收装置不加载，变速器挂上直接挡后，加大油门使车速超过标准规定货车检测最高车速80km/h约5km/h即85km/h车速后，松油门挂空挡，采用自由和加载两次滑行法、两次恒力加载滑行法、增减惯量两次滑行法的其中任一种方法，或采用一次滑行法，测得空挡汽车、底盘测功机整个传动系统的各车速点阻力F1以及当量惯量m2，得到汽车空挡底盘传动系旋转件当量惯量m3＝m2-896。(2) The driving wheel drives on the chassis dynamometer drum, the power absorbing device is not loaded, and after the transmission is put into direct gear, increase the accelerator to make the vehicle speed exceed the maximum speed of 80km/h as stipulated in the standard, which is about 5km/h, which is 85km/h. Finally, loosen the throttle and put in neutral gear, use any method of free and loaded two-time sliding method, two times of constant force loading sliding method, two-time sliding method of increasing and decreasing inertia, or use one-time sliding method to measure the vehicle and chassis in neutral gear. The resistance F 1 of each vehicle speed point and the equivalent inertia m 2 of the entire transmission system of the dynamometer can be used to obtain the equivalent inertia m 3 =m 2 -896 of the rotating parts of the vehicle neutral chassis transmission system.
(3)如未知轮胎的转动惯量L，可采用台试两次滑行法得到汽车非驱动车轮的当量惯量m4，汽车前轮驶入底盘测功机的滚筒上，启动反拖电机使前轮达到一定的车速后，采用增减惯量两次滑行法，测得汽车前轮(非驱动轮)的当量惯量m4。(3) If the moment of inertia L of the tire is unknown, the equivalent moment of inertia m 4 of the vehicle's non-driven wheels can be obtained by using the two-time sliding method of the bench test. After reaching a certain speed, the equivalent inertia m 4 of the front wheels (non-driving wheels) of the vehicle is measured by using the sliding method of increasing and decreasing the inertia twice.
(4)货车满载至全质量后，在规定的路试跑道上挂上五轮仪，使车速超过85km/h后挂空挡路试滑行，测得各车速点的减速度ai，计算各车速点的路试系统阻力F测定＝(m3+m4+m)×ai，m为满载货车称重全质量。(4) After the truck is fully loaded to full weight, hang a five-wheel instrument on the specified road test track, make the vehicle speed exceed 85km/h, and then put it in neutral for road test taxiing, measure the deceleration a i of each speed point, and calculate each vehicle speed Resistance F measurement of the road test system at point = (m 3 +m 4 +m)×a i , where m is the full weight of the fully loaded truck.
(5)计算得到各车速点的F测定，测量路试的环境参数，按规定的路试负荷校正系数，把各车速点的F测定校正为F校正后作为F2，接上油耗仪后，用功率校正系数a把F2修正为当前台试环境状态下的驱动力F2D＝F2/a，在各规定车速点，功率吸收装置在滚筒表面上的加载力F3＝F2D-F1恒力加载，驾驶员挂上规定的变速器挡位，调整并稳定油门在规定车速点等速稳态进行燃料消耗量检测。可以把F2作为该车型在用车燃料消耗量检测的规定路试负荷。(5) Calculate the F measurement of each vehicle speed point, measure the environmental parameters of the road test, and correct the F measurement of each vehicle speed point to F after correction according to the specified road test load correction coefficient as F 2 , after connecting the fuel consumption meter, Use the power correction coefficient a to correct F 2 to the driving force F 2D = F 2 /a in the current bench test environment. At each specified speed point, the loading force of the power absorbing device on the drum surface is F 3 = F 2D -F 1 Constant force loading, the driver puts on the specified transmission gear, adjusts and stabilizes the accelerator, and performs fuel consumption detection at the specified speed point and constant speed steady state. F2 can be taken as the specified road test load for the fuel consumption detection of the vehicle in use.
(6)当该车型检测的综合百公里耗油量达不到标准限值要求，如重新优化设计发动机、变速器、驱动桥等后，无需再路试，设F2不变，把F2修正为当前台试环境状态下的驱动力F2D，重新试验F1得到新的F3，然后空载车辆台试模拟满载车辆路试进行标准状态燃料消耗量试验，不断优化和试验，直至达到标准的限值要求或先进的燃料消耗量。(6) When the comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 kilometers detected by the model does not meet the standard limit requirements, such as after re-optimizing the design of the engine, transmission, drive axle, etc., there is no need to test again. Let F 2 remain unchanged and correct F 2 For the driving force F 2D in the current bench test environment, re-test F 1 to obtain a new F 3 , and then carry out the fuel consumption test in the standard state by simulating the road test of a full-load vehicle in the bench test of an empty vehicle, and continuously optimize and test until it reaches the standard limit requirements or advanced fuel consumption.
2、在用车检测燃料消耗量的实施方式2. Implementation method of detecting fuel consumption of in-use vehicles
(1)已知该车型的路试F2或按规定计算F2后，用功率校正系数a把F2修正为当前台试环境状态下的驱动力F2D，空载汽车在底盘测功机上挂上变速器高速挡位后，功率吸收装置不加载，加大油门使车速超过标准规定检测车速的5km/h后松油门挂空挡，采用自由和加载两次滑行法、两次恒力加载滑行法、增减惯量两次滑行法的其中任一种方法，或采用一次滑行法，测量得到空挡汽车、底盘测功机整个传动系统的各车速点阻力F1，用功率校正系数a把F2修正为当前台试环境状态下的驱动力F2D＝F2/a，在各规定车速点，功率吸收装置在滚筒表面上的加载力F3＝F2D-F1恒力加载，驾驶员挂上规定的变速器挡位，调整并稳定油门在规定车速点等速稳态进行燃料消耗量检测。(1) After knowing the road test F 2 of the model or calculating F 2 according to regulations, use the power correction coefficient a to correct F 2 to the driving force F 2D in the current bench test environment. After the high-speed gear of the transmission is engaged, the power absorbing device is not loaded. Increase the accelerator to make the vehicle speed exceed the standard detection speed of 5km/h, then loosen the accelerator and put it in neutral, and adopt the free and loaded sliding method twice, and the constant force loading sliding method twice. , increase or decrease the inertia of any one of the two sliding methods, or use one sliding method to measure the resistance F 1 at each speed point of the neutral vehicle and the entire transmission system of the chassis dynamometer, and correct F 2 with the power correction coefficient a is the driving force F 2D =F 2 /a under the current bench test environment, at each specified vehicle speed point, the loading force F 3 =F 2D -F 1 of the power absorbing device on the surface of the drum is loaded with a constant force, and the driver puts on With the specified transmission gear, adjust and stabilize the accelerator to perform fuel consumption detection at the specified speed point and steady state.
本方法只需一次路试即可满足车型燃料消耗量优化设计的反复试验，在用车检测的燃料消耗量比对性好，本方法准确性高、简单、快捷，减少了时间和成本。The method only needs one road test to meet the repeated tests of the fuel consumption optimization design of the vehicle type, and the fuel consumption detected by the vehicle in use has a good comparison, and the method is high in accuracy, simple and quick, and reduces time and cost.
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