CN101963092B - Mine gas and petrochemical associated gas power generation system and mine gas and petrochemical associated gas utilization method - Google Patents
Mine gas and petrochemical associated gas power generation system and mine gas and petrochemical associated gas utilization method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mine gas and petrochemical associated gas power generation system and a mine gas and petrochemical associated gas utilization method. The system comprises a pressure measuring apparatus, a first booster pump, a gas filtering and drying system, a first flow controller, a pressure-stabilizing pump, an on-line gas monitoring system, an internal combustion engine power generation system, a power transformation system, a power quality monitoring device and an industrial personal computer. The system uses mine gas, associated gas in the petroleum and natural gas exploration field, and organic associated gas from factories in fields of petrochemical industry and the like as a fuel, converts the chemical energy of the associated gas into electric energy by using a gas generator, quantitatively analyzes the components and concentration of the gas and the associated gas on line by using a spectrograph and adjusts air flow, gas flow and the power of the gas generator according to an analysis result through the flow controller, so that the stable power generation of the gas and the associated gas is realized and the aims of recycling the mine gas and the associated gas, saving energy and reducing emission are fulfilled on the premise of not increasing carbon emission.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the utilization again of oil and damp, natural gas exploration, petrochemical industry, power domain, particularly the fuel gas generation field.
Background technique:
Oil, natural gas exploration scene, oil refinery, chemical plant etc. relates to the place of a large amount of volatile organic compounds, and the existence of associated gas is nearly all arranged.For example, the on-the-spot associated gas of the exploration of oil, rock gas has light hydrocarbon gas such as methane, ethane, and the associated gas of oil refinery is then more complicated, except methane, ethane, also has gases such as ethene.The characteristics of these associated gases are: (1) discharge capacity is big.In oil, chemical industry, no matter be petroleum production, or Petroleum refining and processing; Its scale all is huge, and the discharge amount of exhaust gas of any one unit all is sizable, for example; Ten thousand RMB surplus oil, one day the discharge amount of the on-the-spot lighter hydrocarbons of natural gas exploration, its worth up to ten; (2) complicated component.In different occasions, the composition in institute's exhaust gas discharged is different, but the composition that generally comprises is very complicated.For example, in institute's exhaust gas discharged, comprise methane, ethane in oil exploration and the recovery process, multiple paraffin gass such as propane, isobutane, normal butane, isopentane, pentane sometimes also have ethene, CO gas; (3) concentration proportioning is more various than complicated, and excursion is big, and the associated gas concentration that has surpasses the burning limit, can directly in air, burn the escaping gas of oil refinery for example, the on-the-spot discharging of oil exploration.In the some places exhaust gas discharged, organic concentration but maybe be lower, is not enough to directly ignition combustion in air, for example the gas of printing and dyeing mill's discharging; (4) seriously polluted.In the organic principle in the gas that oil, chemical industry are discharged, some material is harmful to human body, livestock, even has carcinogenesis, benzene etc. for example, and some gas is greenhouse gases, methane for example, its greenhouse effect are 24 times of carbon dioxide.If these associated gases directly are discharged in the atmosphere, will produce greatly atmosphere and pollute, therefore must handle.
At present, the processing method that damp, petrochemical industry associated gas are taked mainly contains three kinds, and a kind of is that this method is a method with the most use always for many years with these associated gas burning back emptyings; Another kind is with the liquefaction of these associated gases, is used as the part of rock gas then, and to resident's supply, this method is to begin a kind of method of engendering and promoting in recent years.For the former, obviously be a kind of significant wastage of the energy, all the more so in today that the energy is in short supply day by day; For a kind of method in back, because oil well and gas well be mostly in remote areas such as desert, mountain areas, oil refinery, chemical plant are owing to pollute greatly; Mostly also in remote suburb; Therefore except the liquefaction cost height of associated gas, its cost of transportation also is a high cost, particularly runs into boisterous the time; Cost of transportation is not only high, and risk is also very big.It is high that these two kinds of methods are primarily aimed at organic principle concentration, situation about can in air, directly light, and less for concentration, the situation that is not enough in air, directly light in most cases is with the direct emptying of associated gas.For example, mine often has a large amount of gas and exists, and generally speaking, methane gas concentration is relatively low, not reaching the blast limit, general mine just with blower air kill-job mine, and be extracted into emptying outside the mine to the methane gas in the mine.Obviously, this brings sizable pollution to environment.Therefore, utilizing again of these associated gases and damp is a big striving direction of present energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to, a kind of method of effectively utilizing damp, petrochemical industry associated gas is provided, under the prerequisite that does not increase the carbon emission amount, convert these inflammable gass to electric energy easy to use, that be convenient to transmit.
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned existing technology; A kind of damp and petrochemical industry associated gas power generation system are provided, it is characterized in that: this system comprises pressure measuring set, first suction booster, gas filtration and drying system, first flow controller, stabilized pressure pump, combustion gas on-line monitoring system, internal combustion engine power generating system, power transformation system, equipment for monitoring power quality and process control machine; Said pressure measuring set, first suction booster, gas filtration and drying system, first flow controller, stabilized pressure pump, combustion gas on-line monitoring system, internal combustion engine power generating system, power transformation system and equipment for monitoring power quality are linked in sequence successively; Said first suction booster, pressure measuring set, first flow controller, stabilized pressure pump, combustion gas on-line detecting system, internal combustion engine power generating system, power transformation system and equipment for monitoring power quality are connected with process control machine simultaneously; Be connected with second flow dontroller on said first flow controller and the stabilized pressure pump, be connected with second suction booster on second flow dontroller, second suction booster is connected with process control machine; Said process control machine, second suction booster and stabilized pressure pump are connected with the 3rd flow dontroller simultaneously.
A kind of damp and petrochemical industry associated gas utilize method:
(1) after filtration of damp and petrochemical industry associated gas process and the drying, forms the damp and the petrochemical industry associated gas of dustless drying and pass through first flow controller entering stabilized pressure pump; Air gets into stabilized pressure pump through second flow dontroller; Rock gas or liquid gas get into stabilized pressure pump through the 3rd flow dontroller; In stabilized pressure pump, form the voltage stabilizing combustible gas;
(2) process control machine obtains voltage stabilizing combustible gas spectral information; Then spectrum is analyzed; Obtain gas componant and respective concentration information; And regulate the content of voltage stabilizing combustible gas air, damp and petrochemical industry associated gas, rock gas or liquid gas according to said information, make the voltage stabilizing combustible gas can in gas electricity generator, carry out adequately sustained burning;
(3) the voltage stabilizing combustible gas changes electric energy output into through combustion gas on-line monitoring system, internal combustion engine power generating system, power transformation system and equipment for monitoring power quality successively.
In the said step (2), process control machine obtains voltage stabilizing combustible gas spectral information through Fourier transformation mid-infrared light spectrometer, then spectrum is analyzed, and obtains gas componant and respective concentration information.
The present invention adopts damp, petrochemical industry associated gas to do fuel, with the kinetic energy generating that provides after these gaseous combustions, after damp, the filtration of petrochemical industry associated gas process and the drying, forms the gas of dustless drying.Air, rock gas or liquid gas and get into stabilized pressure pump through flow dontroller respectively through the damp of super-dry or petrochemical industry associated gas form the voltage stabilizing combustible gas.Process control machine at first obtains voltage stabilizing combustible gas spectral information through Fourier transformation mid-infrared light spectrometer; Then spectrum is analyzed; Obtain gas componant and respective concentration information; And regulate the flow dontroller that is used for control air flow, rock gas/flow of lpg according to these information, make the voltage stabilizing combustible gas in gas electricity generator, to burn fully, and can not stop working.The control of damp, petrochemical industry associated gas flow realizes according to the forefront pressure measurement result through process control machine; Its principle is to guarantee that damp, petrochemical industry associated gas pressure maintain a certain pressure range; Be unlikely to stop working because gas source and flow amount is not enough, it is excessive also to be unlikely to supply to occur greatly because of gas source and flow amount.Gas electricity generator carries out work under the control of process control machine.If the flow of damp, petrochemical industry associated gas is big, then increase generator power, otherwise, reduce generator power.Quality of power supply control system also is work under the control of process control machine, and the electric energy that is used for sending gas electricity generator converts suitable voltage, the electric energy of frequency as required to, to feed back to electrical network, perhaps directly supplies with local resident, factory's use.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is associated gas power generation system structure figure;
Fig. 2 sets up the required appearance of spectrum analysis model gas spectrum to make schematic representation;
Fig. 3 is one-component 10% methane, 2% ethane, 1% propane, and the high wave number section of the middle infrared spectrum spectrum of the mixed gas of 10% methane and 2% ethane;
Fig. 4 neural network structure schematic representation;
The analysis of Fig. 5 gas concentration, gas flow and start the power control flow chart;
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is done and to describe in further detail:
Referring to Fig. 1,2,3,4 and 5, damp and petrochemical industry associated gas power generation system are made up of hardware and software two-part, and the embodiment who provides below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and inventor makes further detailed description to the present invention.Wherein associated gas is an example with the chromatography gas of oil, natural gas exploration, and its flow is at 1 Liter Per Minute to 10 Liter Per Minute.
1. hardware components
The hardware components of damp and petrochemical industry associated gas power generation system comprises connecting pipeline, pressure measuring set, suction booster, gas filtration and drying system, rock gas or liquefied gas source, flow dontroller, stabilized pressure pump, combustion gas on-line detecting system, process control machine, gas electricity generator and quality of power supply control system composition, shown in accompanying drawing 1.
Gas filtration and drying system are used for the dust of filtering damp, petrochemical industry associated gas, remove the water vapour in the gas.The mode that realizes, and the structure of system, material, size can confirm according to different actual conditions, do not limit.For present embodiment, as long as 10 Liter Per Minute flux capacities can be arranged, the gas degree of dryness can satisfy the gas electricity generator requirement and get final product;
The flow dontroller control range is decided according to actual conditions, and aspects such as its brand, structure and size are unrestricted.For present embodiment, flow dontroller 1 be as long as can control hydrocarbon inflammable gas flow, as long as its flow upper limit is a bit larger tham 10 liters of per minutes, and degree of accuracy reaches height and get final product, and generally selecting degree of accuracy is 1% controller; For flow dontroller 2, it is used for the control air flow.Because the chromatography gas upper limit is 10 liters; When chromatography gas is combustible gas entirely, calculate according to oxygen content in the air 22%, main component is a methane in the chromatography gas; Considering that each methane molecule fully burns need to consume two oxygen molecules; Abundant in order to guarantee gaseous combustion, the flow of air must reach 2 * 10/22%=90.9091 (Liter Per Minute), gets 100 Liter Per Minutes; For flow dontroller 3,, almost be air entirely if organic principle concentration is very low in the chromatography gas; When its flow reaches 10 Liter Per Minutes; The main component of considering rock gas, liquid gas is a methane, and methane concentration is to guarantee that the fuel gas generation function runs well in ability normal combustion more than 5%; Be limited on its flow: 10 * 22%/2=1.1 (Liter Per Minute), get 2 Liter Per Minutes.
Pressure measuring set is used to measure the pressure of damp, petrochemical industry associated gas; It can be the pressure measuring set of semiconductor pressure resistance type pressure transducer formation, the pressure measuring set that capacitance pressure transducer constitutes, and other pressure-measuring system that not constituted by the pressure transducer of tested gas attack.Its output signal can be voltage signal, current signal, phase signal, also can be modulated pulse signal.The measuring range of pressure tester, degree of accuracy are decided according to concrete actual conditions.In the present embodiment, the forefront pressure of flow dontroller is at 1.01 to 1.2 barometric pressure, and the suction booster forefront pressure is not less than 0.9 barometric pressure; Therefore; The measuring range of pressure measuring set is as long as get final product at [0.9,1.2] barometric pressure, and maximum deviation is not more than 0.005 barometric pressure and gets final product;
The function of suction booster is the pressure that increases damp, petrochemical industry associated gas; And air pressure; The input end pressure of the controller of feasible their flows of control is greater than output end pressure; And the pressure at two ends difference is in the normal range of operation of flow dontroller, and keeps the constant pressure of flow dontroller input end as far as possible, reduces the fluctuation of the output of flow dontroller.It is any pump that can increase gas pressure, only needs flow enough big, and gas output end pressure satisfies the flow dontroller requirement, and output end pressure can be surveyed and get final product, and brand is unrestricted.If the suction booster output end pressure can not be surveyed, then also need boost pressure detector between suction booster and flow dontroller.For suction booster 1, its flow upper limit gets final product at 10 liters/minute, and suction booster 2, its flow upper limit then must reach at 100 liters/minute.The supercharging upper limit of two suction boosters gets final product at 1.2 barometric pressure;
Connecting pipeline can be glass tube, rubber pipe, Stainless Steel Tube and other is not by the airtight connecting tube of the tested gas attack of multicomponent.To with this embodiment, connecting pipeline only otherwise by the corrosion of alkane organic substance, pipeline diameter is enough big can bear pressure and get final product 0.9～1.2 barometric pressure and get final product;
Rock gas or liquefied gas source are at damp, when the petrochemical industry associated gas is not enough to combustion power generation, and postcombustion generates electricity with the hydrocarbon chemical energy that makes full use of in damp, the petrochemical industry associated gas.Required source flux can reach 11 liters/per minute in the present embodiment, air pressure gets final product more than the barometric pressure at 1.01.If air pressure greater than 1.2 barometric pressure, then also need be worn a reduction valve;
Stabilized pressure pump is used for controlling the pressure of the inflammable gas that gets into gas electricity generator.The accuracy of gas component and concentration analysis thereof can be guaranteed on the one hand, the normal air inlet of gas electricity generator can be guaranteed on the other hand.It only need satisfy the requirement of the scope of pressure control and flow in the practical application, can control through process control machine get final product, and aspects such as its brand, structure and size are unrestricted.Present embodiment is stabilized in 1 barometric pressure to gaseous-pressure;
The combustion gas on-line detecting system is used for analyzing gas componant and the respective concentration in the voltage stabilizing inflammable gas, to feed back to process control machine, in order to regulate the flow control of air, rock gas or liquid gas.The combustion gas on-line detecting system mainly is a FTIS; It only need satisfy explosion-proof performance and analysis speed gets final product; Its brand and model are unrestricted; Can be the Alpha series spectrometer of Bruker company, also can be Tensor 27 FTISs such as grade that Bruker company produces, the FTIS of the production of all right other company;
Process control machine is used for measuring damp, petrochemical industry associated gas pressure; The flow of control flow rate controller; The pressure of control suction booster and stabilized pressure pump is analyzed FTIS spectrum, with composition and the concentration of obtaining the voltage stabilizing combustible gas; Regulate the fuel gas generation acc power, control quality of power supply system.It only needs to possess the ability, coherent signal communication function, data capture, data-handling capacity and the processing rate that are suitable for applied environment and get final product according to practical application, and its model, brand and size are unrestricted;
Gas electricity generator is used for realizing the burning and the generating of combustible gas, and it can be the gas electricity generator of different model, as long as can realize that nytron burning of gas and generating, electric motor power are greater than damp, the available electric motor power of associated gas.It can be a separate unit high power gas generator, also can be the unit that many gas electricity generators are formed;
The power transformation system mainly is used for converting the electric energy that generator sends into satisfy specific demand electric energy.Be adjusted to 110 kilovolts, the electric energy of 50Hz like the electricity that gas electricity generator is sent and feed back to electrical network, the electric energy that perhaps is adjusted to 220V, 50Hz is directly supplied with factory, the resident uses.It can be to develop voluntarily based on the actual application requirements, perhaps directly buys ready-made power transformation system from market.For some generator, because its output electric energy itself can satisfy the demands, this moment, this part can be omitted;
Electric energy quality monitoring system is used for monitoring the quality of power supply of power transformation system output, and the perhaps quality of power supply sent of gas electricity generator is for electricity quality evaluation.It can be to develop based on the actual application requirements voluntarily, perhaps directly buys ready-made electric energy quality monitoring system from market.
1. software section
Software moves in process control machine, and its function mainly comprises the pressure measurement of damp, petrochemical industry associated gas, the control of flow control; The control of suction booster and stabilized pressure pump, the spectrum analysis of voltage stabilizing combustible gas composition and concentration, the control of gas electricity generator; The control of the quality of power supply, and the transmission of signal.
1) pressure measurement of damp, petrochemical industry associated gas
The measurement of pressure is in order to obtain the pressure information of damp, petrochemical industry associated gas, and its method is the signal that process control machine reads pressure measuring set, and according to certain transformation rule, this signal conversion is become pressure signal.This form that need look the signal that is read is changed.If the signal of pressure measuring set output itself is exactly digital force value, then need not conversion, directly read and get final product.The mode that reads comprises serial communication, network interface communication, wireless telecommunications and modulating pulse etc.; If pressure measuring set output is certain electrical signal, then also need carry out the collection and the conversion of signal:
(1) signals collecting.If pressure-measuring system certain voltage of output or current signal, then sample frequency, the sampling resolution of process control machine through capture card is set, and startup sampled, and obtains the numerical value of signal.Sample frequency, sampling resolution are looked practical situations and are decided.If pressure transducer has good signal-to-noise, then can select higher resolution, to obtain measurement result more accurately.Otherwise rate can be provided with lowlyer respectively, to obtain picking rate faster; If the airspeed of damp, petrochemical industry associated gas is very fast; Variation in pressure is very fast, then the frequency of signals collecting also suitably be provided with higher, with the dynamic characteristic that obtains; Otherwise can be provided with lowlyer, to reduce the resource that process control machine is consumed in signals collecting;
(2) conversion of signal.The numerical value of the signal of the pressure-measuring system that process control machine collects often is not to be force value, and it and force value have certain corresponding relation, therefore need transform.Provide conversion formula on the pressure measuring set that has, in process control machine, directly carried out this conversion so.If do not provide this conversion relation, then need demarcate, obtain nominal data, carry out the match of conversion relation then, the last conversion relational expression that obtains that just adopts is changed.The following least square polynomial method of definite employing of this conversion relation is realized:
B＝(H×H′)
-1×H′×Y (1)
Y=[y in the formula
1, y
2..., y
NPressure vector in N the sample of] ' expression is demarcated; B=[b
0, b
1..., b
MM+1 coefficient vector in the multinomial of] ' expression M rank, M＜N, and M>=1;
Expression polynomial matrix, wherein x
i(i=1,2 ..., x
N) expression and y
iCorresponding sampled value.So, after obtaining system of polynomials number vector B,, can adopt formula (2) to change for each image data x.
2) control of flow dontroller
The control of flow comprises three: damp, the flow control of petrochemical industry associated gas, air flow control, the flow control of rock gas or liquid gas.
The flow of damp, petrochemical industry associated gas is controlled as feedback signal with damp, petrochemical industry associated gas pressure measurements, target be keep damp, petrochemical industry associated gas pressure in a certain scope.This pressure confirms that according to practical application the principle of confirming is production or the safety that the variation of pressure can not influence front end.Control algorithm can adopt pid control algorithm:
Δ＝F
S-F (3a)
C in the formula (n) is current controlled quentity controlled variable; F is current test pressure value; F
SFor keeping the production or the safe pressure reference value that can not influence front end; Δ (n), Δ (n-1) are respectively the difference of reference value and current pressure value and previous moment force value; p
p, p
IAnd p
DBe respectively proportional component, integral element and differentiation element coefficient in the PID control, they can obtain through the pid control parameter regulating method.
The flow of air mass flow, rock gas or liquid gas is controlled as feedback signal with the spectrum analysis result; Its target is to keep reducing gas in the voltage stabilizing combustible gas in the needed concentration requirement scope of gas electricity generator; Make gas fully to burn, and gas electricity generator can not stop working.These two flowmeters have only one to open.When the reducing gas concentration in the voltage stabilizing combustible gas is excessive, open air flow controller, close rock gas or liquid gas flow amount controller; Otherwise, open control algorithm rock gas or liquid gas flow amount controller, close air flow controller.The same available cotype of the control of these two flow dontrollers (3) similarly pid control algorithm is realized, only needs F
SReplace with burning reducing gases expectation concentration, F replaces with burning reducing gases present analysis result, regains parameter p with the pid control parameter regulating method
p, p
IAnd p
DGet final product.
3) control of suction booster and stabilized pressure pump
The controlling method of suction booster and stabilized pressure pump, the flow dontroller control algorithm of cotype (3) is just the same.
4) spectrum analysis of voltage stabilizing combustible gas composition and concentration
The spectrum analysis of voltage stabilizing combustible gas composition and concentration is an emphasis of the present invention.The present invention is the spectroscopic analysis methods that example is explained voltage stabilizing combustible gas composition and concentration with the chromatography gas of natural gas exploration.The main component of rock gas is a methane, contains certain density ethane and propane in addition.Spectrum analysis realizes through analytical model.The input of analytical model is the characteristic variable that some spectroscopic data forms through certain calculation, and output is the concentration of object gas.And in optical spectrum instrument worked long hours process, spectrum distorted easily, therefore also need discern and handle distortion, to obtain reliable, accurate analytical results.Therefore, spectrum analysis mainly comprises foundation, spectrum distortion identification and processing and three steps of voltage stabilizing combustible gas analysis of analytical model, and wherein first step is accomplished in systems development process, and latter two steps is the step that each spectrum analysis all must be accomplished.
(1) analytical model is set up
Appearance gas spectrum obtains
Set up the analytical model of multicomponent gas, at first will make certain demarcation sample.Need in this embodiment to analyze methane, ethane, propane three component target gas, wherein the methane concentration scope is 0～100%, and the ethane concentration range is 0～5%, propane concentration scope 0～1%.The one-component gas sample disposes with flow dontroller voluntarily, and wherein the sample point concentration value of methane is [0.02%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%; 3%, 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 100%]; Ethane sample point concentration value is [0.02%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%; 5%], propane sample point concentration value is [0.02%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1%]; The mixed gas sample obtains through buying corresponding standard gas, and the calibrating gas concentration of corresponding partially mixed gas is respectively:
These kinds gas is full of the spectrometer air chamber successively, uses the spectrometer scanning spectrometer, obtain the spectrogram of this kind gas.The abscissa of spectrogram is generally wave number, and y coordinate mainly contains two kinds: a kind of is absorbance, and another kind is a transmissivity.The absorbance at certain spectral line place is corresponding to the negative of the natural logarithm of this place's transmissivity.Therefore, no matter the y coordinate of spectrogram adopts any form, be identical in essence.Spectrogram in this instance is output with the transmissivity; It is as shown in Figure 2 that spectrometer is made the spectrum samples schematic representation; The concentration that obtains is the spectrogram of 1% one-component gases methane, ethane and propane shown in accompanying drawing 3 (a); One-component gas 10% methane, 1% ethane, 1% propane that obtain, and the mixed gas spectrum of 10% methane and 2% ethane is shown in accompanying drawing 3 (b).
Characteristic variable is extracted
In the characteristic variable leaching process, can extract the characteristic variable of a certain spectral line as certain gas, area that also can a certain section spectrum can also extract the characteristic variable of the combination of many spectral line values as gas with various as characteristic variable.For different applications, the method for distilling of employing is different, and selected characteristic variable is also different.For example, observe accompanying drawing 3 and can know, for the quantitative spectrochemical analysis of the mixed gas of methane, ethane, propane three components, the spectral line value val at wave number 3016.5 places
30165Can be used as the characteristic variable of methane, all the spectral line value sums between wave number 3002.2 to the wave number 3022.3, and the combination of the spectral line value at wave number 3002.2,3016.5 and 3022.3 places: log (v
3002.2)+log (val
3022.3)-2 * log (val
3016.5) (log () representes natural logarithm), also can be used as the characteristic variable of methane.But anyway, in learning sample, the spectral line value of spectral line under the gas with various concentration combination that will use need know.For the sake of simplicity, adopt forward selection procedures here, the difference of natural logarithm of choosing wave number and be two spectral line values of 3022.3 and 3016.5 is as the characteristic variable of methane:
v
m＝ln(val
3022.3)-ln(val
3016.5)(4a)
Wave number is the characteristic variable of the natural logarithm difference of 3029.2 and 3081.2 spectral line value as ethane:
v
e＝ln(val
3081.2)-ln(val
3029.2)(4b)
Wave number is the characteristic variable of the natural logarithm difference of 3002.2 and 3028.0 spectral line value as propane:
v
p＝ln(val
3028.0)-ln(val
3002.2)(4c)
V in the formula
m, v
eAnd v
pThe characteristic variable of representing methane, ethane and propane respectively, ln (val
n) represent that wave number is the natural logarithm of the spectral line value of n.Here just through observing accompanying drawing 2, relatively the characteristic variable of the difference of which two spectral line formation is higher to the remolding sensitivity of a certain gas, and lower to other gas sensitivity for the forward selection procedures that adopts.Adopting natural logarithm is because the spectral line value is a spectral-transmission favtor, takes from the linearity of the later characteristic variable that forms of right logarithm and wants high relatively.Getting the spectral line difference is because the characteristic variable that this method forms helps eliminating the influence that the translation of spectrum baseline brings as characteristic variable.If what the y coordinate of spectrogram adopted is the absorbance form, then need not ask natural logarithm in the formula (4), directly get final product with the spectral line value;
Analytical model makes up
Analytical model is to be input with the characteristic variable, and object gas concentration is the model of output.In this instance, model is input as three characteristic variables that formula (4) provides, and output is respectively methane concentration and ethane concentration.Constructed model can be the BP neuron network, also can be the RBF neuron network, and structure is shown in accompanying drawing 4.Because two pairwise correlations between three input vectors, so the latent layer start node number of neuron network can be made as 6.Owing to spectrum to the sensitivity of gas concentration generally along with the increase of concentration reduces, the characteristic variable of being extracted is by having combined of the value of some spectral lines, and therefore has same characteristic.So for the BP neuron network, the response function of hidden node selects the S type function proper.
The analytical model training
The weights and the threshold parameter of constructed analytical model promptly confirmed in the training of analytical model.Owing among the Matlab Neural Network Toolbox is arranged, therefore can directly realize the training of analytical model by this toolbox.
For the training of BP neuron network, can in Matlab, accomplish by following source program:
Net=newff (V, C, 6, ' tansig ', ' purelin ' }); % creates analytical model, and model name is net.
Net.trainParam.epochs=500; It is 500 that % is provided with training algebraically, also bigger value can be set.
Net.trainParam.goal=0.000001; % is provided with the network training target, and it can be set according to the user, the mean square error of acquiescence training sample, just experience error.In the process of training, training objective reaches requirement or trains algebraically to reach setting value, and network training finishes.
Net=train (net, V, C); % training analysis model.
The structure of analytical model calculating formula
For this embodiment, 3 input: v are arranged
m, v
eAnd v
p, 6 hidden nodes, output layer have three nodes, the concentration of namely for methane, ethane and propane.After training finishes, for the analytical model structure net that sets up and train, creation analysis Model Calculation representation as follows:
In
m＝net.IW{1}×Input
S+net.b{1}(5)
Input in the formula
SBe input vector, and Input
S=[v
m, v
e, v
p]
TNet.IW{1} is an input layer and the weight matrix that is connected that conceals between the layer in the analytical model, and it is one 6 * 3 a matrix; Net.b{1} is 6 * 1 hidden node threshold vector; In
mThe row that are 6 hidden nodes are to input vector.
Out
m(i)＝f
m(In
m(i)))(6)
F in the formula
m() is a latent layer response function, and it is the tansig function in this instance, and for tansig (In), it embodies formula and is: 2/ (1+exp (2 * In))-1; Out
mBe latent layer output vector.
In
O＝net.LW{2}×Out
m+net.b{2}(7)
In the formula net.LW{2} be 3 * 6 latent layer with output layer between be connected weight matrix; Net.b{2} is 3 * 1 output layer threshold vector; In
OBe the output vector of analytical model, the concentration of methane, ethane and propane just.
(2) identification of spectrum analysis and spectrum distortion and processing
After spectrometer works long hours, owing to certain variation takes place for enviromental parameter, spectrometer device characteristic, cause spectrum to produce certain distortion, this brings to analysis result and has a strong impact on.Spectrum distortion identification is to discern and handle according to the distortion situation of spectrum with handling, to reduce the influence that spectrum distortion brings to analysis result as far as possible.Simultaneously, the identification of spectrum distortion must mutually combine with spectrum analysis with processing, could obtain ideal results.Should use in the instance, spectrum distortion is divided into baseline regular distortion and non-regular distortion, for regular distortion; Translation through spectrum realizes the correction of spectrum with rotation, and for non-regular distortion, then abandons this analysis; And the prompting mistake, perhaps provide the analysis result confidence level.If occur non-regular distortion continuously, then rescan background.For three spectrogram data1, data2 and data3 shown in accompanying drawing 5 (a), its spectrum analysis and spectrum distortion identification adopt following steps to realize respectively with processing:
Search in gas componant and non-sensitive district
Observing accompanying drawing 3 (a) can know, wave number 600,1100,2000,2500,3400 etc. locate near, methane, ethane and propane sensitivity very little, be referred to as non-sensitive district.For the sensitivity S of i kind gas in j non-sensitive district
Ij, also available formula (8) is confirmed:
s
ij＝inv(Y
i*Y
i′)*Y
i*(1-V
ij)′(8)
Y in the formula
iThe concentration value vector of representing i kind gas one-component sample; Y
i' represent vectorial Y
iTransposition; V
Ij=[mean (v
Ij1), mean (v
Ij2) ..., mean (v
IjN)] the spectral line mean vector in j non-sensitive district in the expression i kind gas one-component sample spectrum, mean (v
Ijk) (k=1,2 ..., the N) average of some spectral lines in j non-sensitive district of k one-component sample of expression i kind gas spectrum; Inv () representing matrix inversion operation.* representing matrix multiplication; The one-component sample is at above-mentioned 5 wave number section spectroscopic datas separately for employing formula (8) and methane, ethane, propane, and continuous 5 spectral lines of each waveband selection are averaged, and the Sensitivity coefficient that can calculate them is:
S
600＝[0 0.000042 0.000076]；S
1100＝[0.000029 0.000096 0.000549]
S
2000＝[0.000022 0.000151 ?0.000331]；S
2500＝[0.000024 0.000171 0.000352]
S
3400＝[0.000006 0.000130 ?0.000281]；(9)
Between all adjacent two non-sensitive districts, translation and rotation are carried out in spectrum segment, carry out baseline correction
For above-mentioned 5 non-sensitive districts, can whole spectrogram be divided into 4 intervals, translation and rotation are carried out in each interval, i.e. the regular distortion of rectifiable spectrum.Because each spectrogram is made up of two row, first row are wave number values, and secondary series is and the corresponding spectral line value of first row that pairing spectral line sequence number is followed successively by 273,753,1023,1503,1758 near 3400,2500,2000,1100 and 600 wave numbers.So get 5 spectral line values and ask mean deviation in every section non-sensitive district, suppose that the concentration vector of 3 kinds of gases to be analyzed is C, can adopt following source code to realize first spectral shift and rotation:
Baseline3400=1-mean (data (271:275,2))-S
3400C '; % asks the deviation at wave number 3400 places
Baseline2500=1-mean (data (751:755,2))-S
2500C '; % asks the deviation at wave number 2500 places
Baserate2500=(Baseline2500-Baseline3400)/(753-273); % asks the slope between the wave number 2500 to 3400
Data (1:753,2)=data (1:753,2)+Baseline3400+ ([1:753] '-271) * Baserate2500; % corrects the spectrum between the wave number 2500 to 3400
Baseline2000=1-mean (data (1021:1025,2))-S
2000C '; % asks the deviation at wave number 2000 places
Baserate2000=(Baserate2000-Baserate2500)/(1023-753); % asks the slope between the wave number 2000 to 2500
Data (754:1023,2)=data (754:1023,2)+Baseline2500+ ([754:1023] '-753) * Baserate2000; % corrects the spectrum between the wave number 2500 to 3400
Baseline1100=1-mean (data (1501:1505,2))-S
1100C '; % asks the deviation at wave number 1100 places
Baserate1100=(Baseline1100-Baseline2000)/(1503-1023); % asks the slope between the wave number 1100 to 2000
Data (1024:1503,2)=data (1024:1503,2)+Baseline2000+ ([1024:1503] '-1023) * Baserate1100; % corrects the spectrum between the wave number 1100 to 2000
Baseline600=1-mean (data (1756:1760,2))-S
600C '; % asks the deviation at wave number 1100 places
Baserate600=(Baseline600-Baseline1100)/(1758-1503); % asks the slope between the wave number 600 to 1100
Data (1504:1866,2)=data (1504:1866,2)+Baseline1100+ ([1504:1866] '-1503) * Baserate600; % corrects the spectrum between the wave number 600 to 1100
In continuous on-line spectrum analysis process, the gas concentration vector C in the above-mentioned source code is set at last analysis result.If analyze for the first time, then it is set to 0.For the accompanying drawing in this embodiment 5 (a), three spectrogram: data1, data2 and data3 are arranged.Comparative drawings figs 5 (a) and accompanying drawing 3 (a) can be known; Since wave number does not have strong absworption peak near 2900 places, explain that the concentration of various alkane is very little in these three gases that spectrogram characterized; Therefore; In wave number 800 to wave number 1100, and in 2500 wave numbers in 3400 wave-number ranges, almost be that an amplitude is 1 straight line.But in the accompanying drawing 5 (a); Wave number 800 to the spectral value of the spectrum segment of wave number 1100 obviously greater than 1; And inclination is arranged slightly, and being significantly less than 1 in 2500 wave numbers to the spectrum segment in 3400 wave-number ranges, its inclined degree is bigger slightly to the spectrum segment of wave number 1100 than wave number 800; Therefore there is the baseline regular distortion, need proofreaies and correct.It is 0 that gas concentration vector C is set, and the spectrogram that obtains after adopting the source code of this step to proofread and correct is shown in accompanying drawing 5 (b);
With the analytical model of demarcating the spectrum after proofreading and correct is analyzed, obtained gas component and concentration thereof
In the data1 shown in accompanying drawing 5 (b), data2 and the data3 spectrum substitution formula (4), calculate characteristic variable value v separately respectively
m, v
eAnd v
pIn the model that substitution formula respectively trains then, the concentration vector that calculates data1, data2 and data3 three methane that spectrogram characterized, ethane and propane according to formula (5), (6) and (7) is respectively:
C
1＝[0.0196?0.0032?0.0017]；
C
2＝[0.0071?0.0012?0.0003]；(10)
C
3＝[0.0473?0.0021?0.0023]；
If portion gas concentration is bigger, then use in the gas concentration value substitution aforementioned spectral aligning step of latest computed, again spectrum is proofreaied and correct, the difference of adjacent twice deviate in any one non-sensitive district is less than certain threshold value in this step.The threshold value in each non-sensitive district is set at the noise amplitude of this wave number section spectrum.Because each component gas concentration is very little in this embodiment, therefore once get final product, and the result of formula (10) can regard the final analysis result by this step correction.
The gas component and the concentration reconstruct spectrum thereof that obtain by analysis
Be reconstruct spectrum, at first need estimate the conversion absorbancy of each spectral line, be i.e. absorbancy and spectrometer light path product.J one-component sample of i kind gas in the conversion absorbancy of k bar spectral line is:
δ
ik，j＝-log(v
ikj)/c
i，j (11)
V in the formula
IkjRepresent the spectral value of j one-component sample of i kind gas at k bar spectral line; The computing of log () expression natural logarithm; c
I, jJ one-component concentration of specimens representing i kind gas.If the concentration calculated value of i kind gas is c
I, x, and c
I, j＜c
I, x≤c
I, j+1, j=1,2 ..., N-1, k bar spectral line place then, the conversion absorbancy of this kind gas is:
rate＝(c
i，x-c
i，j)/(c
i，j+1-c
i，j)(12a)
δ
ikx＝(1-rate)×δ
ik，j+rate×δ
ik，j+1(12b)
For shortening computing time, can a reconstruct spectrum in target aspiration peak and near spectrum segment thereof.In the present embodiment, only need reconstruct wave number section 700～1300 and 2800～3200 to get final product.The reconstructing method of spectral line is explained in the reconstruct of the spectral line of locating with the 579th spectral line (corresponding to wave number 2881.5) in the present embodiment for the sake of simplicity.Because under the small concentration situation, the conversion absorbancy of each component gas changes with gas concentration hardly, so the conversion absorbancy of the conversion absorbancy of each component gas in the present embodiment when directly adopting 0.1% concentration gets final product.For example, the spectral line value that 0.1% concentration pentane one-component sample is located at the 579th spectral line (corresponding to wave number 2881.5) is 0.9462, so its conversion absorbancy is calculated by formula (11):
δ
7，579，4＝-log(0.9462)/0.1＝0.5530(13)
By that analogy, can try to achieve 3 component gas in the conversion absorbancy of 579 spectral lines and constitute vectorial Δ and obtain:
Δ＝[0.0200 0.1410 0.5393](14)
Can try to achieve data1, data2 and three spectrograms of data3 by formula (10) and (14) respectively according to the Lambert-Beer theorem is respectively at the reconstruct spectral value that the 579th spectral line goes out:
v
1，579＝exp(-C
1Δ′)＝0.9982
v
2，579＝exp(-C
2Δ′)＝0.9995
v
3，579＝exp(-C
3Δ′)＝0.9974
By that analogy, can try to achieve the reconstruct spectral line value of every spectral line.So, for data1, data2 and the data3 in the accompanying drawing 5 (a), proofread and correct forward and backwardly, and the spectrum of reconstruct is respectively shown in accompanying drawing 5 (c), 5 (d) and 5 (e).
Spectrum distortion identification and processing
For the regular distortion of spectrum, abovementioned steps is proofreaied and correct spectrum in fact, and this step is used for discerning the non-regular local distortion of spectrum, and makes reasonable processing according to recognition result.
Observe the middle spectrum of accompanying drawing 5 (c) and can find that near wave number 1060, corrected d ata1 spectral value obviously exceeds 1.0020; In fact, the noise amplitude at this place has only about 0.0015, so possibly there is local distortion in data1 spectrum; This time analysis result deviation maybe be bigger; As possible, need rescan background, to obtain analysis result preferably; Observe accompanying drawing 5 (d) and can find that near wave number 1045, the spectral value of corrected d ata2 spectrum closely reaches 1.0020, so possibly also there is local distortion in data2 spectrum; Observing accompanying drawing 5 (e) can find, the spectral value maximum of corrected d ata3 spectrum only about 1.0010, so data3 is the good spectrum that local distortion does not take place, and with peg model this spectrum analyzed, its confidence level is very high.In fact, (b) can find out by accompanying drawing 5, and in wave number 1000 to 1200 scopes, the spectrum of data1 and data2 is the ribbed that frequency does not wait, and this itself is exactly a kind of performance of spectrum local distortion.
Certainly, in the computer based intelligent recognition, can not discern, need discern through software through manual observation.For this step, only need relatively reconstruct spectrum and the difference of revising spectrum in the interested wave number segment limit of institute, if the correction spectral value greater than the numerical value of the reconstruct spectrum of correspondence greater than noise level, then possibly have local distortion.Difference is big more, and the distortion degree is big more.If difference is excessive, then abandon when time analysis result, and prompting makes mistakes; If difference in certain permissible range, is not enough to produce big influence, then work on; If then occur the non-regular distortion of spectrum local continuously, then rescan background.
5) control of gas electricity generator
The control of gas electricity generator mainly is its output power of control, and it is to regulate according to the flow of voltage stabilizing combustible gas.At software section of the present invention, only need basis when the flow of voltage stabilizing combustible gas increases, calculate the fuel gas generation acc power, and send the instruction that increases the fuel gas generation acc power; When the gas electricity generator of having opened has reached at full capacity, send the instruction that starts another gas electricity generator that does not start.The flow of voltage stabilizing combustible gas equals flow dontroller 1 and 2 or 3 both flow sums.
6) power transformation system
At software section, the result that the power transformation system mainly provides according to electric energy quality monitoring system, the instruction of sending regulating voltage, phase place is to satisfy the index request of output electric energy.
7) electric energy quality monitoring system
The monitoring system of the quality of power supply is mainly monitored output voltage and phase place, ripple etc., and monitoring result is used as the feedback signal of regulating the power transformation system except the quality of power supply is assessed, also can monitor the fault of power generation system, power transformation system.At software section, the present invention mainly is the data that read monitoring system, for regulating the failure of power transformation system, diagnosis power transformation system and power generation system.
Above content is to combine concrete preferred implementation to further explain that the present invention did; Can not assert that embodiment of the present invention only limits to this; Those of ordinary skill for technical field under the present invention; Under the prerequisite that does not break away from the present invention's design, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be regarded as belonging to the present invention and confirm scope of patent protection by claims of being submitted to.
Claims (6)
1. damp and petrochemical industry associated gas power generation system, it is characterized in that: this system comprises pressure measuring set, first suction booster, gas filtration and drying system, first flow controller, stabilized pressure pump, combustion gas on-line monitoring system, internal combustion engine power generating system, power transformation system, equipment for monitoring power quality and process control machine; Said pressure measuring set, first suction booster, gas filtration and drying system, first flow controller, stabilized pressure pump, combustion gas on-line monitoring system, internal combustion engine power generating system, power transformation system and equipment for monitoring power quality are linked in sequence successively; Said first suction booster, pressure measuring set, first flow controller, stabilized pressure pump, combustion gas on-line detecting system, internal combustion engine power generating system, power transformation system and equipment for monitoring power quality are connected with process control machine simultaneously; Be connected with second flow dontroller on said first flow controller and the stabilized pressure pump, be connected with second suction booster on second flow dontroller, second suction booster is connected with process control machine; Said process control machine, second suction booster and stabilized pressure pump are connected with the 3rd flow dontroller simultaneously.
2. the associated gas based on said damp of claim 1 and petrochemical industry associated gas power generation system utilizes method, it is characterized in that:
(1) after filtration of damp and petrochemical industry associated gas process and the drying, forms the damp and the petrochemical industry associated gas of dustless drying and pass through first flow controller entering stabilized pressure pump; Air gets into stabilized pressure pump through second flow dontroller; Rock gas or liquid gas get into stabilized pressure pump through the 3rd flow dontroller; In stabilized pressure pump, form the voltage stabilizing combustible gas;
(2) process control machine obtains voltage stabilizing combustible gas spectral information; Then spectrum is analyzed; Obtain gas componant and respective concentration information; And regulate the content of voltage stabilizing combustible gas air, damp, petrochemical industry associated gas, rock gas or liquid gas according to said information, make the voltage stabilizing combustible gas can in gas electricity generator, carry out adequately sustained burning;
(3) the voltage stabilizing combustible gas changes electric energy output into through combustion gas on-line monitoring system, internal combustion engine power generating system, power transformation system and equipment for monitoring power quality successively.
3. the associated gas based on said damp of claim 2 and petrochemical industry associated gas power generation system utilizes method, it is characterized in that: in the said step (2), process control machine obtains voltage stabilizing combustible gas spectral information through Fourier transformation mid-infrared light spectrometer.
4. the associated gas based on said damp of claim 3 and petrochemical industry associated gas power generation system utilizes method, it is characterized in that: said spectrum analysis is comprised analytical model establishment step, spectrum distortion identification and treatment step, voltage stabilizing combustible gas analytical procedure.
5. the associated gas based on said damp of claim 4 and petrochemical industry associated gas power generation system utilizes method; It is characterized in that said analytical model establishment step comprises following process: appearance gas spectrum obtains, characteristic variable is extracted, analytical model makes up, analytical model is trained and the structure of analytical model calculating formula.
6. the associated gas based on said damp of claim 4 and petrochemical industry associated gas power generation system utilizes method, it is characterized in that, said spectrum distortion identification comprises (a) gas componant and the search of non-sensitive district with treatment step; (b) between all adjacent two non-sensitive districts, translation and rotation are carried out in spectrum segment, carried out baseline correction; (c) with the analytical model of demarcating the spectrum after proofreading and correct is analyzed, obtained gas component and concentration thereof; (d) gas component and the concentration reconstruct spectrum thereof that obtain by analysis.
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