CN101963057A - Simulation experimental device for natural hydrate geological stratification - Google Patents
Simulation experimental device for natural hydrate geological stratification Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulation experimental device for natural hydrate geological stratification. The device comprises a three-dimensional model, wherein the three-dimensional model is a stainless steel reaction kettle which has the pressure resistance of between 5 and 40MPa, and the cavity volume of between 50 and 500L; the three-dimensional model comprises a barrel, and an upper flange and a lower flange respectively arranged above and below the barrel; a seal cavity among the barrel, the upper flange and the lower flange forms a closed simulation cavity; and the upper flange and the barrel as well as the lower flange and the barrel are connected and fixed through a plurality of bolts respectively. A semipermeable clapboard layer adopted by the device has the characteristics of high pressure resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature resistance and the like; the simulation cavity in the high-pressure three-dimensional model can be assembled and disassembled freely; specific numbers, sizes and the like can be selected flexibly; and the semipermeable clapboard layer having corresponding characteristics can be adopted conveniently aiming at different types of natural hydrate geological stratification conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the exploitation of gas hydrates technology, relate in particular to a kind of gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities.
Background technology
Gas hydrates are cage type crystalline compounds of the class ice be made up of water and natural gas under certain condition (salinity of suitable pressure, temperature, gas saturation, water and pH value etc.), it meets fire is incendivity, be commonly called as " combustible ice ", the hydrate overwhelming majority that exists at occurring in nature is a methane hydrate.In general, the methane that obtains from decomposition of hydrate is more than 160 times of hydrate volume, and its natural gas total amount that exists with solid-state form is 2 times of fossil fuel such as coal, oil on the earth, so gas hydrates have become most important strategic resource of 21 century.In addition, the methane phosphorus content is less than coal or oil, and the carbon dioxide that methane produces only is half of coal, is a kind of cleaner energy.
Calculating such as uses energy equilibrium conditions show, under the situation of hypothesis noenergy loss, the energy that obtains from hydrate gas is 15.5 times of decomposition water compound energy, therefore exploitation of gas hydrate has certain commercial value, it is the forward position focus that each developed country falls over each other to study, but because the exploitation of gas hydrates is faced with economical and technical feasibility problem, the development technique of gas hydrates mainly is in the experimental study stage at present.
The thinking of exploitation of gas hydrates is that the gas hydrates that at first will contain in deposit decompose basically, is used then.The method of current proposition mainly contains following three classes: (1) heating exploitation method, mainly be that steam, hot water, hot salt brine or other hot fluid are pumped into the gas hydrates reservoir from ground, or adopt fire flooding, utilize all multi-methods such as underground heat to impel reservoir temperature to rise and reach the purpose of decomposition of hydrate; (2) chemical agent extraction system mainly is to utilize some chemical agents, waits such as salt solution, methyl alcohol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerine to change the phase balance condition that hydrate forms, and reduces the hydrate equilibrium temperature, to reach the purpose of decomposition; (3) step-down extraction system mainly is by reducing moving of phase equilibrium line that pressure causes that gas hydrates are stable, thereby impels gas hydrates to decompose.
At present, the research gas hydrates are effective, quick, economic mining method, for the large scale mining gas hydrates provide theoretical foundation, are the effective ways of alleviating the energy pressure that grows with each passing day
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities.
For realizing above purpose, the present invention has taked following technical scheme: gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities of the present invention is a cover gas hydrates threedimensional model, for withstand voltage scope is 5～40MPa, temperature resistant range is-30～300 ℃, corrosion-resistant (as corrosive solutions such as alcohols and salts), cavity volume are the spherical cylindrical or square stainless steel cauldron of 50～500L.Be the simulation chamber of sealing in the threedimensional model, threedimensional model is made up of cylindrical shell, upper flange and lower flange, and the annular seal space between cylindrical shell, upper flange and the lower flange forms the simulation chamber of sealing.Use some bolts fixing in succession between upper flange and cylindrical shell and lower flange and the cylindrical shell respectively.
In simulation inside, chamber, include last cap rock, hydrate layer, free gas or the water layer and the following cap rock that distribute successively from top to bottom.
The described cap rock of going up is formed by the rock of hyposmosis with following cap rock, and hydrate layer and free gas or water layer all contain deposit; Separated by semi-permeable carrier ring between described hydrate layer and free gas or the water layer, gas and water or other fluid flow all by semi-permeable carrier ring between hydrate layer and free gas or water layer.
Described semi-permeable carrier ring comprises the impermeable gas of a percolating water and two kinds of corrosion resistant semi-permeable carrier rings of the impermeable water of an infiltration gas, and its withstand voltage scope is 5～40MPa, and temperature resistant range is-30～300 ℃; Described semi-permeable carrier ring is made up of 1～20 semi-permeable dividing plate, and the surface area of each semi-permeable dividing plate is 0.01～0.1m
2
The upper and lower surface of described semi-permeable carrier ring is respectively horizontal surface or middle high, low arcuation surface, both sides, around the flow direction that this arcuation surface helps in case of necessity semi-permeable carrier ring top being assembled, makes the central area have better air permeable effect.
Each semi-permeable dividing plate all is embedded in the cylindrical or square stainless steel flat plate and detachable, replacement in the described semi-permeable carrier ring, is horizontally fixed on simulation inside, chamber by stainless steel flat plate, and stainless steel flat plate is close to the sealing of simulation cavity wall, and detachable.
Upper flange and lower flange middle part have upper end gas-liquid mouth and lower end gas-liquid mouth.The upper end gas-liquid mouth that is fixed in upper flange extends near the interface of cap rock and hydrate layer, is convenient to directly inject solution to hydrate layer.The lower end gas-liquid mouth that is fixed in lower flange extends near the interface of free gas or water layer and following cap rock, is convenient to directly inject solution to free gas or water layer.
Described stainless steel cauldron is spherical cylindrical or square.
Main innovation part of the present invention is: gas hydrates threedimensional model interior media is carried out layering, cap rock, hydrate layer, free gas or water layer and the following cap rock gas hydrates geology hierarchy that distributes successively from top to bottom in the formation, and utilize the impermeable gas of a percolating water and two kinds of semi-permeable carrier rings of the impermeable water of an infiltration gas that hydrate layer and free gas or water layer are separated, to simulate geology layering situation in gas hydrates Tibetan in actual seabed or the stratum, tundra.
The present invention compared with prior art, have following advantage: this device can realize gas hydrates in actual seabed or the stratum, tundra are hidden the simulation of geology layering situation, and common actual gas hydrates are hidden and mainly comprised following several main classification: Class1-go up cap rock, hydrate layer, the free gas-bearing formation in hydrate layer bottom and cap rock down; Type 2-goes up cap rock, hydrate layer, aquifer, hydrate layer bottom and following cap rock; Type 3-goes up cap rock, hydrate layer and following cap rock etc.Hide geology layering situation at the actual hydrate of experiment lab simulation nature, need be at the inner gas hydrates that generate of threedimensional model, the hydrate that adopts different experimental programs to simulate respective type is hidden.The semi-permeable carrier ring that this device adopted has characteristics such as high pressure resistant, corrosion-resistant and high temperature resistant, can freely dismantle in the simulation chamber in the high pressure threedimensional model, assembling, concrete quantity and size etc. can be selected flexibly, hide the semi-permeable carrier ring that geology layering situation can adopt corresponding characteristics easily at dissimilar gas hydrates.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for being apparatus of the present invention cross-sectional view;
Fig. 2 is apparatus of the present invention top plan;
Fig. 3 is semi-permeable carrier ring vertical view;
Description of reference numerals: the 1-threedimensional model, 2-simulates chamber, 3-cylindrical shell, the 4-upper flange, 5-lower flange, 6-bolt, 7-upper end gas-liquid mouth, 8-lower end gas-liquid mouth, the last cap rock of 9-, the 10-hydrate layer, 11-free gas or water layer, cap rock under the 12-, the semi-permeable carrier ring of 13-, the semi-permeable dividing plate of 14-, the 15-stainless steel flat plate.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments content of the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment one:
The gas hydrates that form Class1 are hidden the geology hierarchical mode:
See also Fig. 1 to shown in Figure 2, the characteristics that the gas hydrates of Class1 are hidden are mainly to be divided into cap rock 9, hydrate layer 10, the free gas-bearing formation in hydrate layer 10 bottoms and following cap rock 12 in the stratum from top to bottom, last cap rock 9 and following cap rock 12 are formed by the rock of hyposmosis, and hydrate layer 10 and free gas or water layer 11 all contain deposit.In the simulation chamber 2 in threedimensional model 1, semi-permeable carrier ring 13 is placed between the free gas-bearing formation of hydrate layer 10 and hydrate layer 11 bottoms, adopt the semi-permeable carrier ring 13 of an impermeable water of infiltration gas, semi-permeable carrier ring 13 upper and lower surfaces are respectively horizontal surface or middle high, low arcuation surface, both sides.Before gas hydrates are synthetic, at first, in the simulation chamber 2 of threedimensional model 1, inject an amount of solution by upper end gas-liquid mouth 7, because being fixed in the upper end gas-liquid mouth 7 of upper flange 4 extends near the interface of cap rock 9 and hydrate layer 10, so the solution that is injected flows under the influence of gravity in the middle of the hydrate layer 10.In addition, because the semi-permeable carrier ring 13 of an impermeable water of infiltration gas that adopts guarantees that solution exists only in hydrate layer 10, and do not infiltrate the free gas-bearing formation in bottom downwards.Secondly, inject a certain amount of natural gas to certain pressure to free gas-bearing formation, make gas be full of whole simulation chamber 2 by the infiltration of semi-permeable carrier ring 13 by lower end gas-liquid mouth 8.At last, the temperature that reduces threedimensional model 1 is carried out the synthetic of gas hydrates.Through the sufficiently long reaction time, geology layering situation in the threedimensional model 1 is as follows: go up cap rock 9 and following cap rock 12 and form by the rock of hyposmosis, natural gas, water and hydrate three-phase that hydrate layer 10 forms in the deposit, free gas-bearing formation only contains deposit and natural gas, and the gas hydrates that form Class1 are thus hidden the geology hierarchical mode.
See also shown in Figure 3ly, semi-permeable carrier ring 13 is the corrosion resistant semi-permeable carrier rings 13 of an impermeable gas of a percolating water and an impermeable water of infiltration gas two kinds, and its withstand voltage scope is 5～40MPa, and temperature resistant range is-30～300 ℃; Semi-permeable carrier ring 13 is made up of 1～20 semi-permeable dividing plate 14, and each semi-permeable dividing plate 14 surface area is 0.01～0.1m2.Each semi-permeable dividing plate 14 all is embedded in the cylindrical or square stainless steel flat plate 15 and detachable, replacement in the semi-permeable carrier ring 13, be horizontally fixed on simulation inside, chamber by stainless steel flat plate 15, stainless steel flat plate 15 is close to the sealing of simulation cavity wall, and detachable.
Embodiment two:
The gas hydrates that form type 2 are hidden the geology hierarchical mode:
The characteristics that the gas hydrates of type 2 are hidden are mainly to be divided into cap rock 9, hydrate layer 10, hydrate layer aquifer, 10 bottom and following cap rock 12 in the stratum from top to bottom, last cap rock 9 and following cap rock 12 are formed by the rock of hyposmosis, and hydrate layer 10 and free gas or water layer 11 all contain deposit.In the simulation chamber 2 in threedimensional model 1, semi-permeable carrier ring 13 is placed between hydrate layer 10 and the aquifer, hydrate layer 10 bottom, adopt the semi-permeable carrier ring 13 of an impermeable gas of percolating water.Before gas hydrates are synthetic, at first, in the simulation chamber 2 of threedimensional model 1, inject an amount of solution by upper end gas-liquid mouth 7, extend near the interface of cap rock and hydrate layer owing to be fixed in the upper end gas-liquid mouth of upper flange 4, so the solution that is injected flows under the influence of gravity in the middle of the hydrate layer 10.In addition, because the semi-permeable carrier ring 13 of an impermeable gas of percolating water that adopts, solution infiltrates the aquifer, bottom downwards by semi-permeable carrier ring 13.Secondly, in the simulation chamber 2 of threedimensional model 1, inject a certain amount of natural gas to certain pressure by upper end gas-liquid mouth 7 again, under the effect of the semi-permeable carrier ring 13 of an impermeable gas of percolating water, natural gas mainly is present in hydrate layer 10, and can't be penetrated into the aquifer, bottom.At last, the temperature that reduces threedimensional model 1 is carried out the synthetic of gas hydrates.Through the sufficiently long reaction time, geology layering situation in the threedimensional model is as follows: go up cap rock 9 and following cap rock 12 and form by the rock of hyposmosis, hydrate layer forms natural gas, water and the hydrate three-phase in the deposit, S ﹠ W is only contained in aquifer, hydrate layer bottom, and the gas hydrates that form type 2 are thus hidden the geology hierarchical mode.
Other structures of present embodiment are identical with embodiment one, are not described in detail in this.
Embodiment three:
The gas hydrates that form type 3 are hidden the geology hierarchical mode.
The characteristics that the gas hydrates of type 3 are hidden are mainly to be divided into cap rock 9, hydrate layer 10 and following cap rock 12 in the stratum from top to bottom, and last cap rock 9 and following cap rock 12 are formed by the rock of hyposmosis, and hydrate layer contains deposit.In the simulation chamber 2 in threedimensional model 1, do not adopt semi-permeable carrier ring 13.Before gas hydrates are synthetic, at first, in the simulation chamber 2 of threedimensional model 1, inject an amount of solution by upper end gas-liquid mouth 7, because being fixed in the upper end gas-liquid mouth 7 of upper flange 4 extends near the interface of cap rock 9 and hydrate layer 10, so the solution that is injected flows under the influence of gravity in the middle of the hydrate layer 10.Secondly, inject a certain amount of natural gas to certain pressure to free gas-bearing formation, make gas be full of whole simulation chamber 2 by lower end gas-liquid mouth 8.At last, the temperature that reduces threedimensional model 1 is carried out the synthetic of gas hydrates.Through the sufficiently long reaction time, geology layering situation in the threedimensional model 1 is as follows: go up cap rock 9 and following cap rock 12 and form by the rock of hyposmosis, natural gas, water and hydrate three-phase that hydrate layer 10 forms in the deposit, the gas hydrates that form type 3 are thus hidden the geology hierarchical mode.
Other structures of present embodiment are identical with embodiment one, are not described in detail in this.
Above-listed detailed description is at the specifying of possible embodiments of the present invention, and this embodiment is not in order to limiting claim of the present invention, and the equivalence that all the present invention of disengaging do is implemented or change, all should be contained in the claim of this case.
Claims (7)
1. gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities, it is characterized in that: include threedimensional model (1), this threedimensional model is the stainless steel cauldron of withstand voltage scope at 5～40Mpa, cavity volume 50～500L; Described threedimensional model (1) comprises cylindrical shell (3), places cylindrical shell (3) upper flange (4) and lower flange (5) up and down respectively, and the annular seal space between described cylindrical shell (3), upper flange (4) and the lower flange (5) forms the simulation chamber (2) of sealing; Fixing in succession by a plurality of bolts (6) respectively between upper flange (4) and cylindrical shell (3) and lower flange (5) and the cylindrical shell (3).
2. gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:, include last cap rock (9), hydrate layer (10), free gas or the water layer (11) and the following cap rock (12) that distribute successively from top to bottom in simulation inside, chamber (2).
3. gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: described upward cap rock (9) and following cap rock (12) are formed by the rock of hyposmosis, and hydrate layer (10) and free gas or water layer (11) all contain deposit; Separate by semi-permeable carrier ring (13) between described hydrate layer (10) and free gas or the water layer (11).
4. gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: described semi-permeable carrier ring (13) is two kinds of corrosion resistant semi-permeable carrier rings (13) of an impermeable gas of a percolating water and an impermeable water of infiltration gas, its withstand voltage scope is 5～40MPa, and temperature resistant range is-30～300 ℃; Described semi-permeable carrier ring (13) is made up of 1～20 semi-permeable dividing plate (14), and each semi-permeable dividing plate (14) surface area is 0.01～0.1m
2
5. gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the upper and lower surface of described semi-permeable carrier ring (13) is respectively horizontal surface or middle high, low arcuation surface, both sides.
6. gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: have upper end gas-liquid mouth (7) and lower end gas-liquid mouth (8) at described upper flange (4) and lower flange (5) middle part.
7. gas hydrates geology hierarchical simulation experimental facilities as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described stainless steel cauldron is for spherical cylindrical or square.
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| CN112083124B (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-08-17 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Physical property characterization device and method in natural gas hydrate large-scale experiment system |
| WO2021159698A1 (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2021-08-19 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Apparatus and method for geological stratification of natural gas hydrate |
| US11795785B2 (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2023-10-24 | Guangzhou Institute Of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Device for measuring stratum deformation during natural gas hydrate exploitation |
| US20220228464A1 (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-07-21 | Guangzhou Institute Of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Device for measuring stratum deformation during natural gas hydrate exploitation |
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| CN113391050A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-14 | 西南石油大学 | Experimental device and method for layered simulation of hydrate accumulation process |
| CN113323633A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-08-31 | 西南石油大学 | Ocean natural gas hydrate in-situ formation and integrated exploitation simulation device |
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