The method of the ionic liquid-catalyzed synthetic polymethoxy dimethyl ether of dumbbell shape
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method by ionic liquid-catalyzed methyl alcohol of dumbbell shape and the synthetic polymethoxy dimethyl ether of trioxymethylene reaction.
Background technology
Diesel engine is because of its thermo-efficiency height, and oil consumption is less etc., and characteristics come into one's own in recent years, and automotive diesel oil changes into and is trend.And along with the continuous increase of consumption of petroleum amount and the enhancing of people's Environmental awareness, oil consumption and smoke intensity to oil engine require harsh day by day, how to guarantee cetane value (cetane number, CN) enlarge production of diesel oil under the situation, perhaps how to improve the diesel oil service efficiency, realize fuel-economizing, reduce noxious gas emission and become the problem that active demand solves.A kind of method easier, economic and effectively easily row is to add additive in fuel oil.Diesel-fuel cetane number is an important indicator weighing diesel fuel characteristics.Improve cetane value, can effectively suppress the discharging of black smoke.And oxygenated additive from the oxygen supply ability, in promoting oil inflame, obvious effect is arranged.Polymethoxy dialkyl ether (RO (CH
2O)
mR), have very high CN value and oxygen level (methyl series 42-49%, ethyl series 30-43%), in diesel oil, can add 10%~20%, significantly reduce NO
xDischarging with CO.At present, China's traffic surpasses 1.2 hundred million tons with diesel oil, if according to~15% adding proportion, to DMM
3-8Annual requirement above 1,800 ten thousand tons.
Polymethoxy dimethyl ether (DMM
m) to adopt methyl alcohol, formaldehyde, Paraformaldehyde 96 or ethylene glycol acetal in early days be raw material, synthetic under sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid catalysis.In recent years, be representative (WO2006/045506A1) with BASF AG, use liquid acid such as sulfuric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to be catalyzer, methyl alcohol, methylal, Paraformaldehyde 96, trioxymethylene etc. are raw material, have obtained the series product of m=1~10.But catalytic erosion, products distribution are unreasonable, transformation efficiency and to can be used for the component concentration of oil dope not high.Japan company of Asahi Chemical Industry adopts Zeo-karb (CN 1042664A1), crystalline aluminosilicate (DE 2205070A1, EP0327343A2, US 4967014) etc. solid acid catalyst, studied formaldehyde and methyl alcohol prepared in reaction methylal, in industry, to use.With BP company is the study group of representative, has developed heterogeneous catalytic systems (US 6160174, and US 62655284) such as borosilicate molecular sieve, sulfonic group Zeo-karb.They are reaction raw materials with methyl alcohol, formaldehyde, dme or methylal, adopt multistep technology, obtain polymethoxy dimethyl ether.But heterogeneous catalyst is because acidity is inhomogeneous, and the selectivity of its catalytic chemical reaction often is difficult to control.Simultaneously,, make this catalyzer in catalyzed reaction, inevitably want frequent regeneration, shorten life of catalyst greatly because organism forms close-burning in solid catalyst surface easily.
The old people of waiting quietly (CN 101182367) has reported the reaction of presence of acidic ionic liquid catalyst methyl alcohol and trioxymethylene, and reaction conversion ratio can reach 90.3%, can be used for diesel-dope component DMM
3-8Selectivity can reach 43.7%.In addition, this research group has also reported the technical process (application number 200810150868.4) of ionic liquid-catalyzed synthetic polymethoxy dimethyl ether, use methyl alcohol or methylal, trioxymethylene to be reaction raw materials, ionic liquid is a catalyzer, has realized separating and recycling of catalyzer and each material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the method for the synthetic polymethoxy dimethyl ether of ionic liquid-catalyzed methyl alcohol of a kind of dumbbell shape and trioxymethylene reaction.
Contain two pairs of zwitterion centers in the dumbbell shape ionic liquid, shown better characteristic than general ionic liquid at aspects such as hydrothermal stability, acid-basicity and volatility.The present invention is a catalyzer with the dumbbell shape ionic liquid, and under mild conditions, efficient, environmental friendliness, technology have realized that simply methyl alcohol and trioxymethylene reaction synthesize polymethoxy dimethyl ether (DMM
3-8) method.
Reaction formula of the present invention is:
Wherein: m is 1 to 11 integer.
The method of the ionic liquid-catalyzed synthetic polymethoxy dimethyl ether of a kind of dumbbell shape, it is characterized in that this method uses methyl alcohol and trioxymethylene to be reaction raw materials, adopt the dumbbell shape ionic liquid as catalyzer, at temperature of reaction 333~423K, the synthetic polymethoxy dimethyl ether of catalysis under the reaction conditions of reaction pressure 0.5MPa~3MPa; The ion liquid cationic moiety of described dumbbell shape is selected from a kind of in bi-quaternary ammonium salt cationoid, two imidazoles positively charged ion, bipyridines positively charged ion, two pyroles positively charged ion, two pyrrolidines positively charged ion, Bispiperidines positively charged ion, the dimorphine quinoline cationoid, and anionicsite is selected from a kind of in p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid root, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid root, trifluoroacetic acid root, methylsulphonic acid root, bisulfate ion, dihydrogen phosphate, nitrate radical, chlorion, the bromide anion.
The ion liquid cationic structural formula of the used coupling dumbbell shape of the present invention is:
Wherein: R, R
1, R
2Be alkyl or aryl, n is the integer of 0-15, and m is 3 or 4.
The ion liquid anionicsite of dumbbell shape of the present invention is preferably p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid root, trifluoromethane sulfonic acid root or bisulfate ion.
Catalyst consumption of the present invention is 0.01~10wt.% of the total charging capacity of reaction raw materials, preferred 0.5~4wt.%.
The mass ratio of reaction raw materials trioxymethylene of the present invention and methyl alcohol is 1: 0.5~10, preferred 1: 0.8~1.6.
The preferred temperature of reaction of the present invention is 363~413K.
Reaction times of the present invention is 0.5~6 hour.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, dumbbell shape ionic liquid catalyst activity height, reaction conversion ratio reaches as high as 91.5%.
2, catalyst levels is few, only is 0.01~10wt.% of the total charging capacity of reaction raw materials.
3, catalytic erosion is low, and reaction unit is not had particular requirement.
4, selectivity of product height, effectively diesel oil adds component DMM
3-8Content can reach 49.6%.
5, reaction conditions gentleness, temperature 333~423K, pressure 0.5MPa~3MPa.Easy, the easy operation of reaction process, controllability are strong.
6, the product component can be regulated by factors such as raw material ratio, temperature of reaction, catalyzer as required.Methyl alcohol and trioxymethylene raw material ratio are more little, and temperature of reaction is high more, and catalyst concn is big more, and it is high more that the product medium high carbon is counted components contents.
Embodiment
Catalyzer is expressed as follows:
Embodiment 1:
In the 100mL reactor, add 0.202g catalyzer 1 successively, 3.982g methyl alcohol, 5.572g trioxymethylene.Inflated with nitrogen is heated to 353K and stirs 4h to pressure 2.7MPa, and through gas chromatographic analysis, the trioxymethylene transformation efficiency is 85.4%, relative content, methylal (m=1), 50.1%; M=2,32.3%; M=3~8,17.6%; M>8 do not detect.
Embodiment 2:
With embodiment 1, add 0.156g catalyzer 2 successively, 6.441g methyl alcohol, 10.213g trioxymethylene.Inflated with nitrogen to pressure is 3.0MPa, is heated to 423K and stirs 1h, and through gas chromatographic analysis, the trioxymethylene transformation efficiency is 57.5%, relative content, methylal (m=1), 30.9%; M=2,26.6%; M=3~8,41.4%; M>8,1.1%.
Embodiment 3:
With embodiment 1, add 0.091g catalyzer 3 successively, 3.474g methyl alcohol, 7.237g trioxymethylene.Inflated with nitrogen to pressure is 2.2MPa, is heated to 393K and stirs 6h, and through gas chromatographic analysis, the trioxymethylene transformation efficiency is 91.2%, relative content, methylal (m=1), 24.9%; M=2,41.9%; M=3~8,33.2%; M>8 do not detect.
Embodiment 4:
With embodiment 1, add 0.204g catalyzer 4 successively, 3.215g methyl alcohol, 7.258g trioxymethylene.Inflated with nitrogen to pressure is 2.3MPa, is heated to 393K and stirs 2h, and through gas chromatographic analysis, the trioxymethylene transformation efficiency is 91.5%, relative content, methylal (m=1), 22.8%; M=2,27.6%; M=3~8,49.6%; M>8 do not detect.
Embodiment 5:
With embodiment 1, add 0.204g catalyzer 5 successively, 3.230g methyl alcohol, 7.198g trioxymethylene.Inflated with nitrogen to pressure is 2.1MPa, is heated to 373K and stirs 4h, and through gas chromatographic analysis, the trioxymethylene transformation efficiency is 77.2%, relative content, methylal (m=1), 26.6%; M=2,28.5%; M=3~8,44.9%; M>8 do not detect.
Embodiment 6:
With embodiment 1, add 0.578g catalyzer 6 successively, 3.289g methyl alcohol, 7.229g trioxymethylene.Inflated with nitrogen to pressure is 2.3MPa, is heated to 393K and stirs 2h, and through gas chromatographic analysis, the trioxymethylene transformation efficiency is 53.36%, relative content, methylal (m=1), 79.2%; M=2,13.5%; M=3~8,7.3%; M>8 do not detect.
Embodiment 7:
With embodiment 1, add 0.194g catalyzer 7 successively, 3.228g methyl alcohol, 7.218g trioxymethylene.Inflated with nitrogen to pressure is 2.5MPa, is heated to 413K and stirs 3h, and through gas chromatographic analysis, the trioxymethylene transformation efficiency is 86.7%, relative content, methylal (m=1), 42.2%; M=2,34.6%; M=3~8,23.2%; M>8 do not detect.
Embodiment 8:
With embodiment 1, add 0.913g catalyzer 8 successively, 6.476g methyl alcohol, 15.131g trioxymethylene.Inflated with nitrogen to pressure is 1.9MPa, is heated to 393K and stirs 4h, and through gas chromatographic analysis, the trioxymethylene transformation efficiency is 89.6%, relative content, methylal (m=1), 31.4%; M=2,25.3%; M=3~8,43.3%; M>8 do not detect.
Embodiment 9:
Adopt catalyzer 1, compound concentration is 10% methanol solution, in the teflon-lined autoclave pressure is arranged, keeps 393K, pressure 3MPa, and 316L stainless steel lacing film is measured its corrodibility, and annual corrosion rate is 0.004mm/a.Belong to mild corrosion.