CN101961616A

CN101961616A - Liquid phase dispersion device of nano-powder material

Info

Publication number: CN101961616A
Application number: CN2010105119288A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张芬红
Original assignee: Hefei Kaier Nanometer Energy & Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Hefei Kaier Nanometer Energy & Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2010-10-20
Filing date: 2010-10-20
Publication date: 2011-02-02
Anticipated expiration: 2030-10-20
Also published as: CN101961616B

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for dispersing and crushing a nano-powder material in a liquid phase carrier, comprising a pressurizing mechanism for the pressurization transport of the nano-material. The device is characterized in that the material output pressure of the pressurizing mechanism is more than 60 MPa, the material output end of the pressurizing mechanism is communicated with a small hole, and the diameter of the small hole is smaller than 0.3mm. Check blocks are arranged in front of the small hole to block the material. When the material passes through the small hole and the check blocks, due to the different sizes of the hole spaces through which the material passes, the pressure and the flow rate of the material change suddenly, thus the material is subjec to violent and turbulent turbulence, and then the material is sprayed to the check blocks to disperse the material even including the hard aggregated material due to the violent impacting. The rapid turbulence of the material, the high speed impacting and spraying in the above process, and the actions of friction, shear and the like in the process can achieve the better effects of crushing, emulsification, homogeneous dispersion of the nano-material.

Description

Nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of device that is used for disperseing with the nano-powder material of broken liquid phase carrier.

Background technology

Nano-powder material just is of a size of nano level granular materials, its normally the particle of nano-grade size be dispersed in the mixed system that forms in the liquid phase carrier, its application is the focus of current nano material development and application research, but the agglomeration traits of the particle of the nano-grade size in the carrier is the bottleneck of application of puzzlement nano-powder material and technology upgrading, and the conventional dispersion technology of nano-powder material in liquid phase carrier mainly contains: ultrasonic technique, ball grinding technique, sand milling technology, high shear technology etc.Below do and briefly introduce: 1) high-shearing dispersion emulsifying machine: its core texture is stator and rotor-support-foundation system, because the powerful kinetic energy that high tangential velocity that the rotor high-speed rotation is produced and high frequency machinery effect belt come, make material in the narrow gap of rotor, be subjected to comprehensive functions such as strong machinery and fluid power shearing, centrifugal extruding, liquid layer friction, thereby nano material is distributed in the liquid phase.2) ultrasonic disintegrator; Utilize supersonic generator produce strong ultrasonic in liquid, produce cavitation effect be used for dispersion, emulsification, homogenize solid-liquid phase material.3) sand mill; The a large amount of beads (bead is made with high-abrasive material such as zirconia usually) that utilize the stainless steel rotating vane to stir inside driving rotate, and solid-liquid phase material is played the grinding peptizaiton.

Above technology can only be eliminated and disperse the soft-agglomerated of nano material in the slurries, and just because of the formed aggregate of intergranular Van der Waals force and Coulomb force, the effect by some chemistry or apply the mode of mechanical energy just can make its most of elimination.And it is powerless for the nano material hard aggregation, just pretend the aggregate that firmly is connected to form by chemical bonding force or hydrogen bond action power etc. between the particle, aggregate internal action power is big, combination closely between particle, be difficult for disperseing again, the poor activity of powder, sintering character is poor, and the dispersion of prior art and disintegrating apparatus are difficult to play effective dispersion and crushing effect.

Summary of the invention

Main purpose of the present invention provides the device of the nano-powder material in a kind of dispersion and the broken liquid phase carrier, and this device has better dispersion, crushing effect.

For achieving the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device, comprise and be used for nano material is carried out the booster body that supercharging is carried, it is characterized in that: the material output pressure of booster body is more than 60MPa, the material output of booster body is communicated with aperture, the aperture of described aperture is below 0.3mm, and the place ahead of aperture is provided with the block that stops material.

As shown from the above technical solution: nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device of the present invention is earlier the nano-powder material to be pressurized to setting to carry simultaneously, and the material after the pressurization enters the aperture ejection through the discharge end of booster body and strikes then on the block in little vestibule the place ahead.In this process, booster body is carried to the supercharging of material and with high flow velocities, make material be turbulent flow or claim turbulent shape, play the preliminary effect of disperseing of premix, material flow is when aperture then, and according to hydromechanical bernoulli principle, fluid travels forward along a different pipeline of thickness, fast than tubule path portion flow velocity, pressure is little, than extra heavy pipe path portion flow velocity is little but pressure is big; Therefore, material has obtained more high flow rate entering the aperture place, and obtained higher pressure at the aperture channel exit, spray and be spurting, this has just played the fabulous fragmentation and the effect of dispersed material also just to be similar to rapidly turbulent flow or turbulent flow, has improved fluid foods homogeneous dispersion effect greatly; Material is penetrated backlash at a high speed in the aperture exit and is mapped on the block, even the material of hard aggregation also is spread out because of the effect of fierceness bump at this moment; More than material turbulent flow, high-speed impact atomizing and effects such as friction in said process and shearing rapidly in a series of flow processs, realized the effect that fragmentation, emulsification, the homogeneous of nano material disperse better.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing at aperture and block position among Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the aperture of another kind of embodiment and the enlarged drawing of block.

The specific embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device, comprise and be used for nano material is carried out the booster body 20 that supercharging is carried, the material output pressure of booster body 20 is more than 60MPa, be preferably between the 60MPa-250MPa, the material output 21 of booster body 20 is communicated with aperture 30, and the aperture of described aperture 30 is below 0.3mm, and the place ahead of aperture 30 is provided with the block 40 that stops material.

Nano material after the pressurization enters aperture 30 ejections through the discharge end 21 of booster body 20 and strikes then on the block 40 in the place ahead, aperture 30 chamber.In this process, the supercharging of 20 pairs of materials of booster body is also carried with high flow velocities, makes material be turbulent flow or claims turbulent shape, plays the preliminary effect of disperseing of premix; Material flow is when aperture 30 then, and according to hydromechanical bernoulli principle, fluid travels forward along a different pipeline of thickness, and is fast than tubule path portion flow velocity, pressure is little, than extra heavy pipe path portion flow velocity is little but pressure is big; Therefore, material has obtained more high flow rate entering aperture 30 places, and has obtained higher pressure in aperture 30 exits, spray and be spurting, just turbulent flow or turbulent flow have rapidly played the fabulous fragmentation and the effect of dispersed material, have improved fluid foods homogeneous dispersion effect greatly; Material is penetrated backlash at a high speed in aperture 30 exits and is mapped on the block 40 then, though this moment hard aggregation material also be spread out because of the effect of fierceness bump; More than material turbulent flow, high-speed impact atomizing and effects such as friction in said process and shearing rapidly in a series of flow processs, realized the effect that fragmentation, emulsification, the homogeneous of nano material disperse better.

As for the aperture that will how to form the material process, multiple mode can be arranged, being beneficial to the formation etc. of holing on steel plate, preferably aperture 30 is by being made by laser drill on the superhard plate body 31 in the present invention, and the axle core of aperture 30 is perpendicular to the plate face of plate body, superhard sheet material can be special steel or diamond, preferably diamond can guarantee hardness and wearability, can stand washing away of high pressure high flow rate material, cost is also reasonable simultaneously, and laser drill can guarantee the precision in hole.Described aperture 30 is shoulder hole preferably, its arrival end size as shown in Figure 3, can reduce by the sudden change amount of booster body 20 to the pressure and the flow velocity of aperture 30 like this greater than port of export size, reduce wearing and tearing, further improve service life of equipment the hole wall of aperture 30.

Booster body 20 can be a screw pump, gear pumps etc. can be with the equipment of elevated pressures convey materials, plunger type high-pressure pump preferably, can utilize the structure of plunger displacement pump itself to make flow and the long-living pulse of pressure and the step of material naturally like this, be beneficial to material and form turbulent flow and surging moving, further strengthen dispersion effect.The output pressure of the pump just pressure of the material exported of pump is the minimum requirements pressure of realizing goal of the invention greater than 60MPa, certainly for energy-conservation and to be convenient to equipment safe in utilization, its output pressure is preferably in the 250MPa, the pressure that is to say outputting material is between 60MPa-250MPa, can guarantee follow-up crushing effect, energy-conserving and environment-protective again reduce cost.

Block 40 also preferably the wear-resisting material of high rigidity make, for example special steel, diamond etc., the present invention is preferably made by the nm-class silicon carbide material of silicon carbide doped 10%-20%, is preferably made by the nm-class silicon carbide material of silicon carbide doped 15%; Facts have proved its impact resistance and wear-resisting function admirable, improved the overall performance of equipment.

Block 40 must comprise the blocking surface 41 that is used to stop aperture 30 outlet fluids certainly, be preferably in drainage lumens 41 is set between the two, drainage lumens 42 is a cylindrical cavity, drainage lumens 42 is connected aperture 30 outlets coaxially with aperture 30, for aperture 30 is the structure of isometrical through hole, the radial dimension of described drainage lumens 42 is greater than radial dimension 1-5 times of aperture 30, for aperture 30 is the structure of shoulder hole, be exactly accordingly drainage lumens 42 radial dimension greater than the radial dimension 1-5 of aperture 30 ports of export doubly.Can make material experience the variation of pressure and flow velocity more like this, the process of a logistics turbulent flow, dispersion, mixing is provided, the size restrictions of while drainage lumens 42 is convenient to directing material again in certain limit and is struck fully on the blocking surface 41, the effect of being convenient to clash into makes the destroyed fully and dispersion of the reunion in the material, plays better dispersion effect.

Concrete structure and shape as for block 40 then can be selected flexibly, for example: the blocking surface 41 on the block 40 is made of the bottom surface of cone 43, cone 43 and drainage lumens 42 coaxial arrangement, cone 43 outer setting shapes and the shell 44 that cone 43 is coincide, size is slightly larger than cone 43, shell 44 surrounds with cone 43 and constitutes airtight chamber, and the middle part that this chamber is positioned at cone 43 bottom surfaces is in communication with the outside with the discharge nozzle 45 that drainage lumens 42 communicated, was positioned at cone 43 tops; As shown in Figure 2, this also can be understood as, block 40 comprises pipe, cone 43 and shell 44, pipe and cone 43 coaxial arrangement, the endoporus of pipe is exactly a drainage lumens 42, and material strikes cone 43 after aperture 30 enters drainage lumens 42 bottom surface is just on the blocking surface 41, and the dispersion of splashing of the edge of phase cone 43, flow to the discharge nozzle 45 of shell 44 lower ends then along the gap between cone 43 and the shell 44, outside the back device for transferring; The gap of shell 44 and cone 43 can be that cone 43 is supported on the shell 44 by pole and forms; Perhaps as shown in Figure 2, the radial dimension of cone 43 bottoms and the thickness of shell 44 are coincide, and cone 43 bottom margins are against the inwall of shell 44, the edge of the cone 43 bottoms breach that evenly distributes; Perhaps cone 43 sides are resisted against on the shell 44, and cone 43 offers a plurality of guiding gutters and is communicated with discharge nozzle 45 along the side.When material flows between shell 44 and cone 43 like this, inevitable further turbulent flow of material and dispersion.

Perhaps block 40 is the cylindric of integral casting forming, drainage lumens 42 is arranged on block 40 upper ends along the axle core, described blocking surface 41 is made of the lower surface of drainage lumens 42, be provided with four outages 46 along blocking surface 41 peripheries, four outages 46 are along the axle core symmetric arrangement of drainage lumens 42, and outage 46 oblique drainage lumens 42 the place aheads extend to block 40 surfaces.Just material is struck on the positive blocking surface 41 by drainage lumens 42, forms local fierce chaotic flow field at blocking surface, but under the effect of high pressure, material still can disperse to flow out outside the block 40 along four outages 46 of all sides in drainage lumens 42 lower ends.The zone that outage 46 further disperses as the bump back in such structure.

Concrete enforcement of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, nano-powder material, just the mixture of nano particle and liquid phase is contained in the container 10, container 10 bottoms have pipeline to feed booster body 20, booster body 20 is made of parts such as motor 12 and plunger type high-pressure pump that is driven and adaptive pipelines, the pressure of material is detected and reality by Pressure gauge 11 after the supercharging, the material that comes from container 10 is transported to output 21 through booster body 20 superchargings and enters aperture 21, high velocity turbulent flow strikes on the blocking surface 41 after entering drainage lumens 42 in aperture, further mixes outside the device for transferring of back with chamber between the cone 43 along outage 46 or shell 44 again.Connection in the described equipment between the parts can be to glued joint or welding or technique known such as be threaded, and such nano-powder material dispersing apparatus is simple in structure, and is easy to use, nano-grain can be distributed in the liquid phase carrier equably.

Utilize the nano material after device of the present invention will disperse with ultrasonic device is preliminary to disperse, use the particle size parameters of laser particle analyzer test material before and after it disperses respectively, the data that detect gained are as shown in the table:

Sample	Average grain diameter/nm before disperseing	Disperse back average grain diameter/nm
			The dispersion of Nano titanium nitride in ethylene glycol	150	53
The dispersion of nano silicon carbide pick in ethanol	189	32
			The dispersion of nanometer silicon carbide in cyclohexanone	256	78

Shown in last table, for three kinds of different nano material material, equipment of the present invention can both play good pulverizing and dispersion effect, and the average grain diameter of nano-grain all in 100 nanometers, conforms to quality requirements after disperseing.

Claims

1. nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device, comprise and be used for nano material is carried out the booster body (20) that supercharging is carried, it is characterized in that: the material output pressure of booster body (20) is more than 60MPa, the material output (21) of booster body (20) is communicated with aperture (30), the aperture of described aperture (30) is below 0.3mm, and the place ahead of aperture (30) is provided with the block (40) that stops material.

2. a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described aperture (30) is gone up by superhard plate body (31) and is made by laser drill, and the axle core of aperture (30) is perpendicular to the plate face of plate body.

3. a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described block (40) comprise blocking surface (41) and be positioned at blocking surface (41) and aperture (30) between drainage lumens (42), drainage lumens (42) is a cylindrical cavity, drainage lumens (42) is connected aperture (30) outlet coaxially with aperture (30), and the radial dimension of described drainage lumens (42) is greater than radial dimension 1-5 times of aperture (30).

4. a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described booster body (20) is the plunger type high-pressure pump; The pressure of its outputting material is between 60MPa-250MPa.

5. a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described superhard plate body (31) is made by artificial diamond's stone material.

6. a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: the blocking surface (41) on the described block (40) is made of the bottom surface of cone (43), cone (43) and drainage lumens (42) coaxial arrangement, cone (43) outer setting shape and cone (43) are coincide, size is slightly larger than the shell (44) of cone (43), shell (44) surrounds with cone (43) and constitutes airtight chamber, and the middle part that this chamber is positioned at cone (43) bottom surface communicates with drainage lumens (42), the discharge nozzle (45) that is positioned at cone (43) top is in communication with the outside.

7. a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described block (40) is cylindric for integral casting forming, drainage lumens (42) is arranged on block (40) upper end along the axle core, described blocking surface (41) is made of the lower surface of drainage lumens (42), be provided with four outages (46) along blocking surface (41) periphery, four outages (46) are along the axle core symmetric arrangement of drainage lumens (42), and the oblique drainage lumens of outage (46) (42) the place ahead extends to block (40) surface.

8. according to claim 6 or 7 described a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal devices, it is characterized in that: described block (40) is made by the nm-class silicon carbide material of silicon carbide doped 10%-20%; Described aperture (30) is a shoulder hole, and its arrival end size is greater than port of export size, and the radial dimension of described drainage lumens (42) is greater than radial dimension 1-5 times of aperture (30) port of export.

9. according to claim 6 or 7 described a kind of nano-powder material liquid phase dispersal devices, it is characterized in that: described block (40) is made by the nm-class silicon carbide material of silicon carbide doped 15%.