CN101960852B - 用于在媒体递送系统中提供冗余的系统、方法 - Google Patents

用于在媒体递送系统中提供冗余的系统、方法 Download PDF

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CN101960852B
CN101960852B CN2009801075996A CN200980107599A CN101960852B CN 101960852 B CN101960852 B CN 101960852B CN 2009801075996 A CN2009801075996 A CN 2009801075996A CN 200980107599 A CN200980107599 A CN 200980107599A CN 101960852 B CN101960852 B CN 101960852B
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E·阿斯朋
R·华莱士
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Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Abstract

在数字视频系统中，使用诸如综合接收机解码器、多媒体转码器和流模块的备用模块支持主模块来提供高可用性分布。主模块多播通过备用模块监视的状态消息。当检测到主模块的故障时，备用模块例如通过加入与故障的模块相同的多播组并接管故障的模块的流处理而接管故障的模块的角色。描述了多个冗余方案。

Description

用于在媒体递送系统中提供冗余的系统、方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种数字视频系统，更具体地，涉及提供用于移动和有线媒体递送应用的高可用性TV分布式系统。 
背景技术
数字视频系统允许将TV内容提供给使用IP协议的有线设备以及移动设备(例如移动电话、掌上设备等)。提供实况TV馈送的问题是对于其系统载波寻求高可用性。 
提供高可用性的方案是使用中央实体来监视系统中的激活模块(主模块)的健康情况。该中央实体可以查询激活模块或者可发送心跳信号的模块。当发生故障时，中央实体激活备用模块以代替故障的模块。然而，如果中央实体发生故障，则整个系统容易发生故障。此外，查询或心跳信号可能丢失，并且故障将变得无法检测。该方案还可能因为必须调节以支持几百个信道而具有不可管理的复杂性和成本。 
备选的方案是使用设备来监视主部件的输出。在检测到故障时，它激活备用部件。当可容易检验输出时监视模块的输出工作良好。然而，如果没有完全被解码，破坏的输出可能看起来有效。此外，监视大量输出并不可行并且增加系统的成本和复杂性。 
需要用于在数字视频系统中提供高可用性的系统、方法和计算机可读介质。 
发明内容
根据本公开的一个方面，提供了一种媒体递送系统，包括：至少一个主模块；至少一个备用模块，其监视所述至少一个主模块以及在检测到所 述至少一个主模块的故障时，执行故障的主模块的功能。 
根据本公开的一个方面，通过一种数字视频系统，包括：至少一个主上游模块和至少一个备用上游模块，其中所述至少一个备用上游模块复制所述至少一个主上游模块。 
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种用于将冗余设备切换到激活状态的方法，包括：在所述冗余设备中，接收来自一个或多个激活设备的多播状态消息；在所述冗余设备中，根据所述状态消息确定所述一个或多个激活设备的健康情况；在确定所述一个或多个激活设备的健康情况为不健康时，对所述冗余的设备进行切换以执行不健康的设备的功能。 
根据本公开的一个方面，提供了一种用于在媒体递送系统中提供冗余的方法，包括：提供主模块；提供处于监视状态的备用模块；使用所述备用模块监视所述主模块的性能；检测到所述主模块的故障；以及将所述备用模块从所述监视状态进行切换以执行所述主模块的角色。 
根据本公开的一个方面，提供一种包括执行以下操作的指令的计算机可读介质：接收来自一个或多个主模块的周期性状态消息，所述状态消息指示所述一个或多个主模块的功能；确定来自所述一个或多个主模块中的故障的主模块的所述周期性状态消息不存在；执行所述故障的主模块的功能。 
附图说明
现在仅通过示例，参考具体实施例以及附图来描述本发明，其中： 
图1示意性表示媒体递送系统； 
图2示意性表示媒体递送系统的冗余方案； 
图3示意性表示综合接收机解码器的故障； 
图4示意性表示多媒体转码器的故障； 
图5示意性表示流模块的故障； 
图6表示冗余方法的流程图； 
图7表示根据备用模块的角度的冗余方法的流程图；以及 
图8表示执行指令集的处理器。 
具体实施方式
在图1中，示出系统10，其使用多媒体转码器(MMT)12提供高可用性并处理实况TV馈送。图1示出MMT 12、流模块(SM)17和综合服务模块19(ISM)、aka、应用模块。现有技术的数字视频系统在多媒体转码器(MMT)和流模块之间建立单播会话。这种方案在MMT、SM以及手持设备20的数量显著增长时没有进行有效调节。因此本实施例使用多播来改善性能和可靠性。 
MMT 12可以接受来自各种源(例如卫星、电缆以及空中下载(over-the-air))的输入。为了例示的目的，MMT 12描述为从数字视频广播(卫星)(DVB-S)接收输入。对于DVB-S，将在远离卫星11或内部分发系统的载波站点处获得实况TV馈送。将卫星馈送路由至综合接收机解码器(IRD)13，其接收RF信号、解调MPEG-2传输流并然后将其直接通过IP或异步串行接口(ASI)发送，因为ASI是允许压缩的视频(例如MPEG-2传输流)基于分组传输的串行数据传输方法。如果IRD 13自身支持通过直接IP的MPEG-2，则系统10可以是简化的。否则，可以使用第三方系统来分组化ASI输入并将其作为通过IP的MPEG-2发送到MMT 12。几个卖方，例如Scopus Video Networks和Novra Technologies，提供支持IP和/或ASI输出的这种类型的IRD。 
多播用于将传输流分发至MMT 12。当将通过IP的MPEG-2发送给MMT 12时使用多播的益处包括允许MMT来选择其是否想要接收流。即，仅在MMT属于多播组时才接收多播业务。MMT 12通知路由器/交换机其希望通过发送给它请求来加入组。在路由器/交换机接收到请求后，该组的多播业务开始递送给MMT。路由器/交换机周期性查询MMT的组成员资格。当MMT不应答其查询或MMT想要离开该组时它停止递送业务。几个中等范围以太网交换机产品支持因特网组管理协议(IGMP)因而消除了对系统中的多播路由器的需要。 
协议转换器(PT)15中的SAP公告器14向ISM 19中的电子节目指南(EPG)服务模块18和SM 17两者中的SAP侦听器16发送会话描述协议(SDP)信息。在系统10中，SAP公告承载两者不同类型的载荷： 
●会话描述协议(SDP)信息(类型＝‘application/sdp’)包括SM17可以从MMT 12接收的可用多播会话的描述。 
●DVB服务信息(类型＝‘application/x-pvns-dvb-si’)包括从DVB-SI提取的所有相关信息。该信息将通过MMT 12中的表提取模块21来格式化并提供给SAP公告器14。 
包括SM 17和ISM 19的多播组将接收来自MMT 12的SAP公告。SM 17将使用承载在公告中的SDP描述来知悉可用的会话，并接收和处理它们中的一些以递送到手持设备20。ISM 19将公告中的服务信息用来创建用户可用的节目的电子节目指南。然后该电子节目指南可以按需递送到手持设备20或者作为频道节目中的附加的节目。 
根据本发明的实施例，为了提供高可用性，系统10通过使用多个MMT、SM和IRD来分布冗余。在这样的系统中，一个或多个模块(MMT或IRD)指定为备用并保持待机状态，而主模块(多个)在线。在一个模块发生故障时，备用模块接管故障模块的功能，改变其状态为在线并启动处理、最小化系统的停机时间。从而分布式的冗余方案没有附加的系统/模块来监视MMT、SM或IRD的操作。冗余方法在图6的流程图100中例示。在步骤101和102建立主模块和备用模块。备用模块监视主模块的执行(步骤103)。在检测到主模块的故障(步骤104)时，备用模块进行切换来执行故障模块的角色。 
接管故障模块的功能需要建立与上游编码器或转码器的多媒体会话。因此，除了状态之外，会话状态信息必须发送给备用模块。具有会话状态以及状况允许分布式监视功能估计会话状态中的潜在的趋势、考虑到潜在的故障避免以及故障检测。这种故降避免能力极大改善整个系统和服务可用性。在图7的流程图200中例示备用模块的角度。备用模块监视来自主设备的多播状态消息(步骤201)。如果主设备中的任意一个被确定为不 健康的(步骤202)，则备用设备从监视状态切换到执行故障设备的功能的状态(步骤203)。 
下面描述两个不同的冗余方案。在第一冗余方案(事例A)中，使用一个或多个备用模块来接管故障模块的功能。在第二冗余方案(事例B)中，健康的主模块接管即共享故障模块的功能而无需使用备用模块。 
对于事例A，在主模块为健康时不使用备用模块。该冗余方案已知为“N对1冗余”。该系统可以容忍对于每个备用部件至多一个主模块的故障。 
对于事例B，没有模块指定为备用。而是系统中的所有模块均承担为主模块。这已知为“负载平衡系统”。在故障的情况下，发生故障的主模块的工作在剩余健康的主模块之间进行重新分配。这种类型的冗余具有不需要备用的更多优点，从而减少系统的总体成本。 
在图2中例示冗余方案30的实施例。该冗余方案示出对于每个主IRD13的一个备用IRD 13a。备用IRD 13a预先配置有将发送给MMT 12的节目的节目标识符(PID)集选择。每个IRD 13、13a以预定的多播地址和端口进行发送。冗余方案30示出两个主MMT 12和一个备用MMT 12a。如下面所述，可以提供任意数目的备用MMT 12a。 
多播用于从IRD 13向MMT 12递送通过IP的MPEG业务。在数字视频系统中的每个MMT 12将接收大量将处理并发送到SM 17的传输流。MMT 12通知路由器它希望属于承载其所需的TS的合适的多播组。 
在正常操作中，MMT 12接收来自主IRD 13的MPEG-2流31，通过链路33表示。如图3所示，当主IRD 13发生故障时，MMT 12检测到丢失相应的多播流31、离开主IRD 13的多播组并加入备用IRD 13a的多播组(由链路34表示)以及因此接收复制的多播流32。MMT 12能够检测它是否正在接收期望的速率的TS分组。MMT 12还可以确定在分组结构中不存在错误以及即使它为黑屏(black screen)也具有可解码的输出。在MMT检测到来自主IRD 13的多播流的丢失的时间和它重新获得来自备用IRD 13a的流的时间之间，该MMT将继续编码接收的最后的帧并将静默 插入音频路径。 
为了提供监视MMT性能，每个MMT 12被配置为向其他指示其状态的MMT多播周期性“心跳”消息。该消息作为SAP公告多播到系统中的其他MMT。因此，系统中的所有MMT属于“所有MMT SAP冗余多播组”。SAP冗余公告承载所有备用MMT 12a所需的信息以监视主MMT 12的状态并接管故障MMT，包括： 
●MMT角色(主、备用)； 
●MMT状态(在线、离线、待机)； 
●MMT状态(OK、警告、错误、致命错误)； 
●根据其在接收当前处理的输入流的多播组地址； 
●在向其发送处理的流的多播组地址； 
●在针对SDP和EPG信息向其发送SAP公告的多播组地址。 
 MMT的角色可以是： 
●主：MMT处理输入流并将其发送到SM。它周期性确定其状态并发送具有其活动信息的SAP公告； 
●备用：MMT监视来自主部件的SAP公告并采集关于通过他们使用的以向SM发送信息的多播地址的信息。当主部件发生故障时，备用部件将其状态改变为在线并接管故障MMT的流的处理。 
MMT状态可以是： 
●在线：MMT在激活地处理输入流并将其发送到SM； 
●离线：MMT没有处于服务中，没有监视也没有发送任何SAP公告，没有处理任何流； 
●待机：MMT激活地监视SAP公告，但是没有处理任何公告。在MMT故障时它可以接管。它也可以发送SAP公告。主部件没有监视SAP公告；因此，它不可能处于这种状态。 
MMT状态可以是： 
●OK：正常操作状态； 
●警告：MMT遭遇问题并可以变为离线。如果冗余模块接收到错误 消息它将准备接管故障模块的流。例如，它可以请求成为适当的多播组中的成员。 
●错误：MMT不能继续处理其分配的输入流，并通知备用模块来接管。冗余MMT将继续处理故障MMT的流直到它接收到来自故障MMT的OK状态； 
●致命：MMT为离线并需要运营商帮助。 
由于网络业务或连接故障可能丢失一个或多个心跳消息。为了防止错误的故障检测，备用MMT 12a等待直到来自MMT的可配置的数量的公告消息(例如3)丢失。 
为了能够以及时的方式故障切换MMT，取决于载体的要求而改变公告(心跳)消息的周期性。在一个实施例中，周期是用户以0.1秒步长在[0.1，10.0]秒范围中可配置的，其缺省为1.0秒。因此，如果备用MMT 12a等待直到3个公告消息丢失则可以检测到MMT的故障并在0.3秒这样少的时间中改正。 
在图4中例示MMT的故障。当例如MMT-1的MMT发生故障时，备用MMT 12a接管故障MMT的流处理(由链路35示出)，因而订购适当的多播组以便接收故障MMT的流。在切换期间，主和备用部件均将输出黑屏并在音频路径中插入静默。 
虽然示出一个冗余MMT，冗余方案30可以依赖于数字视频系统的大小、服务级别要求等提供多个冗余MMT。如果在系统中存在多于一个的备用MMT，它们可以进行顺序编号(1、2等)以便备用MMT 1将接管第一故障MMT等。如果多于一个的MMT同时发生故障，则备用MMT1接管具有最低IP地址的故障MMT等。可以对于整个系统将MMT指定为备用，或者使用多播组，可以将MMT分为具有一个或多个特别指定给组的备用MMT的组。 
为了最小化由于SM 19的故障的会话故障几率，SM 19执行负载均衡而非提供无用的SM模块19。因此，与由MMT使用的方案不同，所有的SM在线并在任意给定时间处理流。当例如在图5中以虚轮廓示出的 SM 17a的SM发生故障，在故障SM中的所有会话停止并需要由用户手动重新建立。通过SM 17的SAP公告携带对于系统中的其他模块所需的所有信息以监视SM的状态，包括： 
●SM角色(主)； 
●SM状态(在线、离线、待机)； 
●SM状态(OK、警告、错误、致命的)； 
●当前在接收和传输的SDP会话。 
在一个实施例中，可以通过包括指令(即软件)的计算机可读介质来实现所描绘和示出的方法和步骤的全部或部分，该指令可以全部或部分通过一个或多个所述或所示部件执行或全部或部分运行在一个或多个所述或所示部件上。例如，参考图8，包括指令300的计算机可读介质可以由至少一个处理器81执行或运行在至少一个处理器81上，处理器81操作地与至少一个存储器82关联。在不同的实施例中，处理器81和存储器82可以在IRD、MMT或SM中存在。指令300可以包括用于接收来自一个或多个主模块的周期性状态消息(步骤301)、确定来自故障的主模块的周期性状态消息不存在(步骤302)以及执行故障的主模块的功能(步骤303)的指令。 
上述实施例示出具有备用的模块激活地监视主模块的状态的协议的分布式冗余系统。当检测到故障，备用模块接管故障的主模块的功能。不使用外部实体来管理系统中的模块的操作，也不监视系统的输出。虽然设计该分布式冗余系统来用于移动和有线媒体递送应用的高度可用的TV分布式系统，本领域技术人员将理解相同的原理可用在其他类型的系统中。 
上述实施例的优点包括内容提供商最小化由于模块故障的停机时间带来的收益损失。该系统使用(合并)两个不同的冗余方案，这提供可调节的并且健壮的方案。因为不需要外部模块，所以相对的低成本和配置的冗余方案是简单的。 
尽管在附图中例示了本发明的实施例并在上述说明中进行了描述，应该理解本发明不限于所公开的实施例，而是能够进行许多重新配置、修改 和替换而不偏离通过所附权利要求阐述和限定的本发明的精神。例如，可以通过一个或多个块、模块、处理器或者存储器执行本发明的性能的全部和/或部分。这些性能还可以以现有的方式或者以分布式方式并在能够提供和/或接收信息的任何设备上或通过其来执行。此外，尽管以具体的方式来示出，可以重新定位各种模块或块而不偏离本发明的范围。此外，尽管以具体的方式示出，可以在本发明中使用更多或更少数量的模块和连接以便实现本发明、对本发明提供附加的已知特性和/或使本发明更有效。通用，在各种模块之间发送的信息可以通过数据网络、因特网、因特网协议网络、无线源和有线源中的至少一个以及通过多个协议来发送。 

Claims (8)

1.一种媒体递送系统，包括：
包括至少一个第一主模块和至少一个备用模块的第一模块；以及
包括至少两个第二主模块的第二模块，
其中至少一个备用模块：
监视所述至少一个第一主模块；
在检测到所述至少一个第一主模块的故障时，执行故障的第一主模块的功能；
其中所述至少一个第一主模块提供状态消息以及其中所述至少一个备用模块根据所述状态消息确定所述至少一个第一主模块的状态；
其中如果没有从所述至少一个第一主模块接收到大于阈值数量的状态消息，则所述至少一个备用模块确定所述至少一个第一主模块故障；以及
其中所述至少两个第二主模块中的每一个第二主模块提供用于向其它第二主模块提供状态信息的公告并监视其它第二主模块的公告，在检测到有第二主模块发生故障时，发生故障的第二主模块的工作在剩余健康的第二主模块之间进行重新分配。
2.如权利要求1所述的媒体递送系统，其中所述至少一个第一主模块和所述至少一个备用模块分别为多媒体转码器；并且所述第二主模块为流模块。
3.如权利要求1所述的媒体递送系统，其中所述至少一个第一主模块多播所述状态消息。
4.如权利要求1所述的媒体递送系统，其中所述至少一个备用模块根据所述状态消息确定所述故障的第一主模块正在从中接收一个或多个输入流的一个或多个多播组。
5.如权利要求4所述的媒体递送系统，其中在检测到所述故障的第一主模块的故障时所述备用模块加入所述一个或多个多播组。
6.如权利要求1所述的媒体递送系统，其中所述至少一个备用模块根据所述状态消息确定所述故障的第一主模块正在将处理的流发送至的一个或多个多播组。
7.如权利要求6所述的媒体递送系统，其中在检测到所述故障的第一主模块的故障时所述备用模块加入所述一个或多个多播组。
8.如权利要求1所述的媒体递送系统，其中以0.1和10.0秒之间的规则周期来提供所述状态消息。
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