CN101952583B - 用于脱盐及电力的海浪能量 - Google Patents

用于脱盐及电力的海浪能量 Download PDF

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CN101952583B
CN101952583B CN200980000308.3A CN200980000308A CN101952583B CN 101952583 B CN101952583 B CN 101952583B CN 200980000308 A CN200980000308 A CN 200980000308A CN 101952583 B CN101952583 B CN 101952583B
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floating drum
piston
energy conversion
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什穆埃尔·奥瓦迪亚
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03BMACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1885Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem
    • F03B13/189Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is tied to the rem acting directly on the piston of a pump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00Application
    • F05B2220/62Application for desalination
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/144Wave energy
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract

一种用于将波浪能量转换为旋转运动并用于海水脱盐的系统,包括:在海浪上的浮力装置,其中浮力装置根据海浪运动移动;容纳流体的活塞,其中活塞枢转地附连于浮力装置,从而将机械动能转换为流体的液压压力。液压系统包括管和用于允许即使在释放活塞后也保持所述液压系统中的压力的一个或多个单向阀。流体压力优选地贮藏在压力容器中。该系统还包括可操作地连接到所述液压系统的液压马达,其中液压压力形成使液压马达操作性地旋转的流体流动。然后该旋转运动可用于海水脱盐以及用于其他用途。

Description

用于脱盐及电力的海浪能量
相关申请的交叉引用 
本申请主张2008年3月19日提交的以色列(IL)专利申请190,300的优先权,通过引用将其公开内容并入本申请中。 
技术领域
本发明涉及能量利用系统。更具体而言,本发明涉及这样一种系统:其具有浮力装置、连接到闭环液压系统的一个或多个活塞、以及马达,马达设计成用以将进入和离开的潜流以及海浪的起落的线性动能转换为旋转动能。该系统产生的能量高达许多现有技术方案产生的能量的四倍。该系统可利用旋转能量进行海水脱盐以及用于其他用途。 
背景技术
海浪的复杂和多变特性--它们在海滩上的折回模式及其他因素--并非总是基于实现将充分利用海洋能量(且尤其是波浪动力)的有效系统的目的而被加以考虑。 
一些安装在海洋附近的系统对环境不友好,并且可能由于燃烧燃料而产生污染。对于需要能量来操作并使海水脱盐的远程脱盐系统而言这变得极为相关。对不可再生能源的依赖性可能成为脱盐环境中的问题。 
全球有许多海岸线缺水且需要这样一种脱盐系统:其不会产生任何污染;将以合理价格建造;并且不需要燃料操作。 
目前已知许多用以操作用于海水脱盐的泵的不同方法。然而,绝大部分现有技术方法的能量效率低且维护成本很高。例如,浸于水下并从而暴露于多风暴海洋的恶劣气候条件的系统。 
一些现有技术系统不具备适当的控制并从而几乎不能利用波浪潮涌的单向运动。饮用水短缺明显是由于不存在成本有吸引力的用于海水脱盐的系统。此外,对于基本上浸于水下的系统而言,由于风暴和多变 的气候条件而存在相当大的加速腐蚀和故障的危险。 
发明内容
本发明描述了这样一种系统,其用于生产可饮用的淡水并在四种不同的情形中充分利用波浪:波浪进入;波浪离开;波浪上升;以及波浪下落,从而该系统设计成用以从海浪捕获能量。 
该系统为环境友好型:其无污染,不燃烧任何燃料并利用可再生能源(海浪)。本发明旨在解决沿海地区的缺水问题,无污染并且价格相当低--无燃料成本! 
一种新方法能使更高效的脱盐泵以切合实际的成本操作。以此方式实施的系统和/或设备零件可在海洋外部并因此可受到保护而免受恶劣气候条件。 
该系统能够以多种方式从波浪运动提取能量。实现了一种用于供应饮用水的有吸引力和可行的方案。该系统包括浮筒,其可附连于静止物体如固定于海底或附连于潮汐挡墙的立柱。在浮筒与静止物体之间,安装了液压活塞,使得在对任何波浪运动作出反应时活塞压缩液压油。 
调节来自任何方向的运动致使活塞分别移进和移出所联接的缸,并从而致使连接到缸的管道系统内部的流体朝着蓄能器/压力容器压缩,该蓄能器/压力容器可容纳液压气动装置,该液压气动装置部分填充有气体且部分填充有流体,隔膜分隔气体和流体。活塞容纳来自特制流体(即油)储罐的消耗流体,从而形成环形流体流动。当流体在压力室中被加压时,压缩流体经调节器和阀被传递到产生旋转运动的液压马达。液压能量可用于水脱盐。 
附图说明
从下文给出的详细描述和附图将充分理解本发明,所述详细描述和附图只是为了说明和举例而给出的,因此并不限制本发明,并且其中: 
图1示出根据本发明的实施方式的脱盐系统; 
图2示出根据本发明的变型的将海浪能量转换为机械能的系统; 
图3a和图3b分别示出根据本发明的其他变型的用于有效利用海浪能量的机械悬浮系统的侧视图和俯视图;以及 
图4提供根据本发明的实施方式中的脱盐系统中的活塞的细节。 
具体实施方式
在详细说明本发明的实施方式前,应当理解的是,本发明在其应用上不局限于在本说明书中阐述或在附图中示出的构件的结构和布置的细节。 
除非另外定义,本文使用的所有科技术语具有与本发明所属领域的普通技术人员一般的理解相同的含义。本文提供的方法和示例只是说明性的且并非旨在进行限制。 
现在参照附图。图1示出根据本发明的实施方式的用于能量转换和脱盐的多级系统。该系统例如通过使用一个或多个浮筒21而利用海浪1的运动。浮筒21包括形成有效结构的浮筒21的顶面211以及底面212。 
当浮筒21移动时活塞22产生液压流体压力。活塞22和浮筒21分别通过轴23和24连接,其中轴23和24附连在固定结构27上。单向开关阀31在一侧连接到活塞22而在另一侧连接到液压流体21的出口管。这使得加压流体能从活塞22流到压力容器33。多个压力容器33能够以能实现压缩的加压液压流体和/或气体(即,空气或氮气)的形式贮藏能量。以这种形式,压力在容器33中得以保持:海浪能量被传送以移动浮筒21并从而移动活塞22,并将所捕获的能量贮藏在容器系统33中且使用单向阀31保持容器系统33中的能量。 
旋塞312的开口能够使压力穿过流出管中的单向阀313。单向阀313还包括调节阀。液压发动机34能够将油压转换为旋转运动,该旋转运动然后可被转换为另一种能量形式,例如电能。然后可利用电能来操作水脱盐单元。单向阀314能够在反向管中将压力传回。过剩的压力或流体将被贮藏在过剩压力容器36中。可经由单向阀315朝着活塞22传送流动到容器36/从容器36传送流动。 
此动态结构允许:利用浮筒21的运动;将轴系统中的压力传送到 环形流路;利用波浪运动并贮藏提取的波浪能量。浮筒21在需要时连接到静止物体如立柱或混凝土块如刚性潮汐挡墙。在任何波浪1的运动中压缩液压油的液压活塞22连接于浮筒21和静止物体27之间。 
在本发明的变型中,当活塞22伸出或缩回时,活塞22内部的流体涌入通向液压气动贮藏隔舱的管道系统内。该隔舱部分填充有气体,部分填充有流体,隔膜分隔气体和流体。 
活塞22接收来自储油容器36的消耗液体,从而形成环形的油流路。当油在压力容器33内被加压时,油经由调节器和阀传递到液压马达34。液压马达34产生旋转运动,该旋转运动产生用于将液压能量转换为旋转循环的组合作用。 
应当注意的是,本发明的系统可建造在潮汐挡墙、木排或圆木上。圆木连接到其他元件,并且它们共同用作海洋上的“道路”。此外,附连有根据波浪运动竖向振荡的浮筒。 
本发明的系统可用来操作脱盐系统以及用于其他用途。其可将海浪能量转换为循环的机械动能。后者可用于不消耗来自外源的电能和/或燃料能量的脱盐系统。 
海浪运动可在活塞22中形成油压,且液压油压力又操作液压马达34。设置于其间的阀及油压调节器将允许油沿着所需的方向流动,以实现期望的效果。可在它们和阀之间连接压力释放装置。跟踪器可安装在液压马达34前以自动降低支柱。 
图2示出根据本发明的变型的用于将海浪1转换成机械动能的系统。在此实施方案中,第二浮筒25经由旋转轴251连接到第一浮筒21并经由旋转轴252连接到第一臂253。第一臂253连接到活塞22并经由旋转轴254连接到第二臂216,且第二臂216还连接到附连在第一浮筒21上的旋转轴255。 
可以此方式在平行或变化的方向上形成多排浮筒,其中每排可操作地连接到单个液压系统和/或几排连接到一个液压系统。 
附加系统改变浮筒21的组成。在一个方案中,浮筒21充满空气, 以最大化海浪能量的效率。在另一方案中,浮筒21充满水,以在高潮或风暴的情况下保护系统。可能出现以上两个极端之间的中间情形,其中浮筒21部分填充水。从而,内隔舱浮筒21的组成部分机械联接到海浪1的幅度(magnitude)。可建造具有多个如图2和图3详细示出的浮筒21的系统(多浮筒系统)。 
图3a和图3b分别示出具有将第一浮筒21连接到第二浮筒25的附加活塞26的用于海水能量收集的浮筒系统的实施方案的侧视图和俯视图。活塞可具有不同形状(切面),以提高转换效率。各活塞可容纳两个单向阀,以在需要时形成沿一个方向的油流动。 
图4示出根据本发明的实施方式的脱盐系统中的活塞22的示例结构的细节。活塞22包括凸轮轴28和缸29。活塞22还包括分别在活塞22的缸29的前部和后部中的阀221和224。前、后阀(221和224)分别附连于入口管223和226以及出口管222和225。以此方式利用活塞22的两部分来形成循环的流动并控制由方向变化的海浪运动产生的压力。 
压力容器可安装在外部以贮藏高压油并过滤波动的压力。容器将最佳地包括油和气体如空气,以允许对其压缩。 
应当注意的是,优选地,本发明的浮筒具有空气动力学形状并从而最小化浮筒对波浪运动的阻力。 
因而,虽然已根据实施方式和示例描述本发明,但将显而易见的是,本发明可在许多方面进行改变。不应将此类变型视为是与本发明的精神和范围的背离,且对本领域的技术人员而言将显而易见的所有此类改型应当包括在权利要求的范围内。 

Claims (14)

1.一种用于将波浪能量转换为旋转运动并用于海水脱盐的系统,包括:
a)在海浪上的浮力装置,其中所述浮力装置根据海浪运动移动;
b)容纳液体的活塞,其中所述活塞枢转地附连于所述浮力装置,从而将机械动能转换为流体的液压压力;
c)液压系统,包括:
i.管;
ii.一个或多个单向阀,其用于允许即使在释放所述活塞后也保持所述液压系统中的压力;以及
d)液压马达,其操作性地连接到所述液压系统,
其中,所述管操作性地将所述活塞连接到所述液压马达,从而将所述液压压力从所述活塞传递到所述液压马达;并且
其中所述液压压力产生使所述液压马达操作性地旋转的液体流动。
2.如权利要求1所述的能量转换系统,其中,所述液压系统还包括:
iii.装有气体和流体的压力容器,其中所述气体和所述流体被柔性隔离器隔离在独立的隔间中,
其中第一管操作性地将所述活塞连接到所述压力容器,从而将所述液压压力从所述活塞传递到所述压力容器;
其中第二管操作性地将所述压力容器连接到所述液压马达,从而将所述液压压力从所述压力容器传递到所述液压马达且其中所述液压压力产生使所述液压马达操作性地旋转的液体流动;并且
其中所述柔性隔离器能够在所述压力容器内部自由移动,从而通过关闭联接的单向阀,能够通过压缩所述气体而将液压压力积聚在所述流体隔间中。
3.如权利要求2所述的能量转换系统,其中,所述柔性隔离器为隔膜。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的能量转换系统,其中,所述液压系统还包括:
iv.附加的管和阀,从而形成循环的液压系统。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的能量转换系统,其中,贮藏容器一侧操作性地附连于所述液压系统并且另一侧操作性地附连于所述活塞,从而允许根据所述一个或多个单向阀的阀状态双向传递液压流体。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的能量转换系统,其中,所述液压马达操作性地连接到脱盐系统。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的能量转换系统,其中,所述浮力装置包括一个或多个浮筒,其中每个所述浮筒都包括一个或多个内隔舱。
8.如权利要求7所述的能量转换系统,其中,所述内隔舱填充有液体或气体。
9.如权利要求8所述的能量转换系统,其中,一个或多个所述浮筒还包括用于对所述浮筒的所述一个或多个内隔舱填充液体或气体的泵。
10.如权利要求9所述的能量转换系统,其中,所述泵用于从所述浮筒的所述一个或多个内隔舱去除液体或气体。
11.如权利要求7所述的能量转换系统,其中,每个所述浮筒都与具有两端的所述活塞之中的一个活塞联接,其中所述活塞的第一端枢转地附连于所联接的浮筒,并且所述活塞的第二端枢转地附连于静止物体。
12.如权利要求7所述的能量转换系统,其中,所述浮力装置包括一排或多排互相附连的所述浮筒,每排都具有第一端浮筒和第二端浮筒,
其中在每个所述排中,每个所述浮筒都通过所述活塞之一与相邻的浮筒互相连接;
其中至少每个所述排的所述第一端浮筒操作性地连接到所述压力容器;并且
其中每个所述排的所述第二端浮筒由所述活塞之一枢转地连接到静止物体。
13.如权利要求7所述的能量转换系统,其中,所述浮力装置包括一排或多排互相附连的所述浮筒,每排都具有第一端浮筒和第二端浮筒,
其中在每个所述排中,每个所述浮筒与相邻的浮筒枢转地互相连接;
其中每个所述排的所述第二端浮筒枢转地附连于静止物体;
其中活塞在一端附连于静止物体;并且
其中在每个所述排中,每个所述浮筒枢转地连接到所述活塞的第二端。
14.如权利要求6所述的能量转换系统,还包括用于将所述液压马达的旋转转换为电能的发电机,并且其中所述电能操作性地连接所述脱盐系统。
CN200980000308.3A 2008-03-19 2009-03-10 用于脱盐及电力的海浪能量 Expired - Fee Related CN101952583B (zh)

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