CN101949769A - Dynamic image modulation transfer function measuring device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a dynamic image modulation transfer function measuring device belonging to the field of optical property tests and sequentially comprising a point light source, a collimator objective, a pupil coupling system and a photoelectronic imaging system along the light propagating direction, and also comprising a driver, a motor, a lead screw, a computer and an image collector card, wherein the pupil coupling system adopts parallel light incidence and parallel light emergence; the entrance pupil of the pupil coupling system and the exit pupil of the collimator objective have same size and same position; the exit pupil of the pupil coupling system and the entrance pupil of the photoelectronic imaging system have same size and same position; the pupil coupling system is dismantled, and the exit pupil of the collimator objector and the entrance pupil of the photoelectronic imaging system have same size and same position; and the time difference of image acquisition of the photoelectronic imaging system and the travel of a sliding block I is set by a hardware delay circuit or software delay program. The device can not only eliminate image vignetting caused by target travel, but also can realize time comparison of the measurement result and the theoretical model.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism in the optical property field tests.
Background technology
The notion of transport function is the ratio of the Laplace transform and the Laplace transform that excitation (i.e. input) is measured of zero initial condition lower linear system responses (i.e. output) amount.Transport function is applied in the classical control theory the earliest, and frequency response method and root-locus technique are exactly the main approaches that grows up on the basis of transport function.Along with the research that deepens continuously to transport function notion and its scope of application, transfer function method has been widely applied to each science and engineering field, as long as research object is the relation of the excitation and the response of system, and this system satisfies linear time invariant or satisfies linearity and move constant character in the spatial domain in time domain, all can system be described with the method for transport function.Such as the input-output characteristic of on physiology, often explaining heart, respiratory apparatus, pupil etc. with the method for utilizing transport function.
Because Laplace transform and Fourier transform have the explicit mathematical relation, Laplace transform is that Fourier transform multiply by a negative exponent attenuation function more, makes its convergence, has enlarged the scope of application of Fourier transform.And Fourier transform has clear and definite physical significance, be exactly that time-domain signal or spatial domain conversion of signals are arrived frequency domain, therefore, the notion of transport function can be expanded, transport function is defined as the ratio of the Fourier transform and the Fourier transform that excitation (i.e. input) is measured of linear system response (i.e. output) amount.
Transport function notion after the expansion is applied in optical field, is exactly optical transfer function, utilizes the ratio of output image frequency spectrum and input picture frequency spectrum to describe the characteristic of optical system.The multiple angle of optical transfer function is a phase transfer function, and the only displacement of presentation video on the direction of vertical optical axis of this parameter do not influence the readability of image; And the mould of optical transfer function is a modulation transfer function, has reflected the transmission capacity of optical system for picture contrast.Present stage, mainly utilize modulation transfer function that the image quality of camera lens is detected and illustrate.
Yet,, be that the time delay image device of representative is used widely with CCD, as air photo technique and optical imagery guidance technology etc. along with the development and the application of photoelectric follow-up.In these technical fields, the picture element factors of degradation is not only factors such as optical system self diffraction, aberration, and also has the high-speed motion of target.In order to examine or check the influence of target high-speed motion to image quality, people begin to utilize modulation transfer function that the picture element degree of degeneration that target travel causes is estimated.In order to distinguish to some extent, cause the modulation transfer function of picture element degree of degeneration to be called moving image modulation transfer function the evaluation objective motion with the modulation transfer function of estimating the lens imaging quality.To the further investigation of moving image modulation transfer function, the influence of not only can the quantitative description target travel picture element being degenerated, and can analyze picture element be degenerated to because of, for the motion blur image real time restoration provides theoretical foundation.
Yet what present stage was a large amount of all is at the evaluation of lens imaging quality and detection about the article of modulation transfer function and patent.
1993, Harbin Teachers' Univ.'s natural science journal the 9th volume first phase 34-39 page or leaf has been delivered the article of a piece " image quality evaluation of photographic lens and mensuration of optical transfer function thereof " by name, and this article has been introduced a kind of transport function measurement mechanism that utilizes optical transfer function that the object lens image quality is estimated.Because light source involved in this article keeps static with respect to the entire measuring device light path part, therefore can't provide dynamic object, so can not measure moving image modulation transfer function.This invention is inequality with goal of the invention of the present invention.
Japanese patent application publication No. spy opens 2004-37410, put down into 16 years (2004) open day year 02 month 05 day, patent of invention " become Tone Den Da Seki count Measuring decide device ぉ I び change Tone Den Da Seki and count Measuring and decide method " discloses a kind of measurement mechanism and measuring method of utilizing modulation transfer function that lens imaging quality to be measured is estimated.The involved light source of this device keeps static with respect to the entire measuring device light path part, can not measure moving image modulation transfer function equally.This invention is inequality equally with goal of the invention of the present invention.
Japanese patent application publication No. spy opens flat 10-68674, open day is put down into 10 years (1998) 03 month 10 days year, and patent of invention " レ Application ズ is that Measuring decides device and び レ Application ズ is that MTF Measuring decides method " discloses a kind of measurement mechanism and measuring method of utilizing modulation transfer function that lens imaging quality to be measured is estimated.Though this device has been placed on the Lights section on the guide rail that can the vertical optical axis direction rotates, but the purpose that designs this structure is to make light can incide camera lens to be measured with the angle of non-zero, and in to the measuring process of lens imaging quality, do not need light source to move, promptly do not need to form moving picture, inequality with goal of the invention of the present invention.In addition, because this invention does not need to form moving picture in measuring process, so do not have to make guide rail in this invention to determine the drive unit of forms of motion motion.Since can not be for target provide required definite forms of motion, thus in the process of measuring, can't form the moving picture of required forms of motion, so utilize this device can not finish the measurement of moving image modulation transfer function.
Though above-mentioned article and patent are described all is to utilize modulation transfer function to come the device that the lens imaging quality is estimated, different fully with the goal of the invention of moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism of the present invention, but the formation of these devices but provides a blank for the moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism.
1991, the thought of the frequency domain algorithm and the spatial domain algorithm of moving image modulation transfer function introduced respectively in SPIE the 1482nd volume " Numerical Calculation of Image Motion and Vibration Modulation Transfer Function " literary composition and SPIE the 1533rd volume " Numerical Calculation of Image Motion and Vibration Modulation Transfer Functions-a new method " literary composition, derived the in detail mathematical model of this two kinds of algorithms under linear uniform motion state and the simple harmonic motion state, and the physical significance that the moving image modulation transfer function curve is reflected analyzed.Though these two pieces of articles only carry out mathematical derivation and emulation to moving image modulation transfer function, but for theoretical foundation has been established in the appearance of moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism---a kind of is to be the moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism based on frequency domain theory of target with dynamic resolution chart, and another kind is to be the moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism based on the spatial domain theory of target with the dynamic point light source.
In May, 1991, introduced the experimental provision of a low frequency simple harmonic motion moving image modulation transfer function in No. 5 " Image Resolution Limits Resulting from Mechanical Vibrations.Part 2:Experiment " literary composition of " OPTICAL ENGINEERING " the 30th volume in the 579th～580 page.This experimental provision principle of work is as follows: the resolution chart by shaking platform carrying different spatial resolutions is done simple harmonic motion, and its oscillation trajectory is surveyed by sensor, and the result is shown on oscillograph; Function generator carries out emulation to the motion state of resolution chart simultaneously, makes experimental provision have true measurement result and emulated data simultaneously.Its weak point is: 1. this experimental provision can only be measured and can not take into account other forms of motion low frequency simple harmonic motion moving image modulation transfer function; 2. than the spatial domain method, frequency domain method can only be measured at a certain particular space frequency of target at every turn, if want to draw the moving image modulation transfer function curve, the resolution chart that needs to change different space frequency takes multiple measurements, and measuring process is various; In order to reduce measuring process, the method that can adopt grating rim vertical optical axis direction to move, but again owing to introduced the structure that grating dish vertical optical axis direction is moved, and it is matched with the image acquisition end just can measure, so that the physical construction of package unit is just more complex.
Chinese patent publication number CN101354307A, open day on 01 28th, 2009, patent of invention " dynamic target modulation transfer function measurement method and device " disclosed a kind of moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism of high-accuracy multifunctional.This device has illustrated that the slide block place guide rail of carrying light source can do the motion in one dimension that comprises linear uniform motion, uniformly accelrated rectilinear motion and simple harmonic oscillation, therefore solved first problem of above-mentioned article, the moving image modulation transfer function that not only is confined to the low frequency simple harmonic oscillation is measured; Because this device is a ultimate principle with the spatial domain method, therefore can solve second problem of above-mentioned article again: or the measuring process of simplification device, or the machinery of simplification device constitutes.But its weak point is: do not consider that 1. the target travel meeting causes the image vignetting, make the moving image modulation transfer function measurement result be mixed with the influence of vignetting, cause the moving image modulation transfer function measurement result that error is arranged; 2. lack a method that can whether correctly detect in real time measurement result in this device, make the measurement result correctness have no way of learning.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the latter two problems that occurs at above-mentioned prior art, and a kind of moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism that can eliminate the image vignetting that target travel causes is provided; A kind of moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism that can realize that measurement result and theoretical model contrast in real time.Realization can improve the accuracy of measurement result, and can be to the real-time purpose that detects of measurement result.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism comprises along light ray propagation direction collocation point light source successively, collimator objective, pupil coupled system, photo electric imaging system, also comprises driver, motor, leading screw, computing machine and image pick-up card; Wherein, computing machine is by driver control line traffic control driver; Driver drives leading screw by motor-driven control line drive motor and rotates, and makes the slide block one of bearing point light source do the vertical optical axis direction along guide rail one orbiting motion equation according to the rules and moves; Photo electric imaging system is placed on the slide block two, and does the parallel optical axis direction with slide block two along guide rail two and slide; The image video signal of imageing sensor output is transferred on the image pick-up card through video transmission line, and the golden finger of image pick-up card is inserted into the exchange that realizes data in the PCI slot of computer motherboard; And:
1. the pupil coupled system is directional light incident and parallel light emergence; The emergent pupil equal and opposite in direction of the entrance pupil of pupil coupled system and collimator objective, the position is identical, coincides with pupil one position; The entrance pupil equal and opposite in direction of the emergent pupil of pupil coupled system and photo electric imaging system, the position is identical, coincides with pupil two positions;
Perhaps:
2. remove the pupil coupled system, the entrance pupil equal and opposite in direction of the emergent pupil of collimator objective and photo electric imaging system, the position is identical, coincides with pupil one position.
Described moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism, the external trigger exposure end of imageing sensor links to each other with driver by imageing sensor external trigger exposure image control line, the hardware delay circuit that is integrated in internal drive has been set the mistiming of the image acquisition of the motion of slide block one and photo electric imaging system, the hardware delay circuit at first sends to motor drive signal by the motor-driven control line, after the mistiming of setting, the hardware delay circuit sends to imageing sensor exposure image signal by imageing sensor external trigger exposure image control line, control chart image-position sensor exposure image.
Described moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism, imageing sensor links to each other with computing machine by the imageing sensor control line, the mistiming of the image acquisition of write on computers the software delay program setting motion of slide block one and photo electric imaging system, the software delay program at first sends the driving command that control driven by motor leading screw rotates by the driver control line to driver, after the mistiming of setting, the software delay program sends exposure image instruction, control chart image-position sensor exposure image by the imageing sensor control line to imageing sensor.
Compared with prior art, characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
The first, the characteristics of moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism of the present invention are: the 1. entrance pupil equal and opposite in direction of the emergent pupil of collimator objective and pupil coupled system, and the position is identical; The entrance pupil equal and opposite in direction of the emergent pupil of pupil coupled system and photo electric imaging system, the position is identical, the perhaps 2. entrance pupil equal and opposite in direction of the emergent pupil of collimator objective and photo electric imaging system, the position is identical.And there is not the coupling requirement size and the position of collimation object lens, pupil coupled system and photo electric imaging system entrance pupil emergent pupil in the prior art.So in the moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism of the present invention, the entrance pupil of collimation object lens, pupil coupled system and photo electric imaging system and the size and the location matches of emergent pupil are one of innovative points of difference existing apparatus.
The beneficial effect that these characteristics are brought is: the size and the location matches of entrance pupil and emergent pupil by collimation object lens, pupil coupled system and photo electric imaging system, make the light of front end optical system outgoing all incide the rear end optical system, thereby eliminate the image gradual halation phenomena that target travel causes, make moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism of the present invention can further improve the accuracy of moving image modulation transfer function measurement result.
Second, the characteristics of moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism of the present invention are: 1. the external trigger of imageing sensor exposure end links to each other with driver by imageing sensor external trigger exposure image control line, and the hardware delay circuit that is integrated in internal drive has been set the mistiming of the image acquisition of the motion of slide block one and photo electric imaging system; 2. imageing sensor links to each other with computing machine by the imageing sensor control line, the mistiming of the image acquisition of write on computers the software delay program setting motion of slide block one and photo electric imaging system.These characteristics at first make motor receive drive signal from driver, thereby driving slide block one moves, after the mistiming of setting, the imageing sensor exposure image has guaranteed to drive the motion of leading screw slide block one and the image acquisition of photo electric imaging system has definite mistiming; And in the prior art, do not require the motion of slide block one and the image acquisition of photo electric imaging system to have definite mistiming, therefore do not mention about any hardware that can realize being provided with this mistiming connecting and to the control method of hardware.So in the moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism of the present invention, realization is provided with the hardware connection of this mistiming and according to the control method of this mistiming to hardware, is one of innovative point of difference existing apparatus.
The beneficial effect that these characteristics are brought is: the mistiming of the motion by setting slide block one and the image acquisition of photo electric imaging system, obtain the theory movement equation of guide rail in image acquisition with this, when realization obtains the measurement result of moving image modulation transfer function by the mathematic(al) manipulation to image, obtain the theoretical model of moving image modulation transfer function by the theory movement equation.Measurement result and theoretical model are compared, realize real-time detection measurement result.So moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism of the present invention can be realized measurement result and theoretical model are compared in real time, the measurement result correctness is come into plain view.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism structural representation
Fig. 2 is the external trigger moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism structural representation of exposure synchronously
Fig. 3 is the moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism structural representation of software synchronization exposure
Among the figure: 1 pointolite, 2 collimator objectives, 3 pupil coupled systems, 4 photo electric imaging systems, 5 imageing sensors, 6 video transmission lines, 7 computing machines, 8 image pick-up cards, 9 imageing sensor control lines, 10 driver control lines, 11 drivers, 12 imageing sensor external trigger exposure image control lines, 13 motor-driven control lines, 14 motors, 15 leading screws, 16 guide rails, one 17 slide blocks, one 18 pupils, one 19 pupils, 2 20 guide rails, 2 21 slide blocks two
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 2 is a kind of external trigger moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism structural representation of exposure synchronously, comprise along light ray propagation direction allocating power successively and also to comprise stepper motor driver 11,42BYG250 type stepper motor motor 14, leading screw 15, computing machine 7 and OK_M10B type image pick-up card 8 for 20mW red laser pointolite 1, collimator objective 2, pupil coupled system 3, the photo electric imaging system 4 that the pin hole of 15 μ m diameters constitutes of arranging in pairs or groups; Wherein, computing machine 7 is by driver control line 10 Control Driver 11; Driver 11 drives leading screws 15 by motor-driven control line 13 drive motor 14 and rotates, and makes the slide block 1 of bearing point light source 1 do the vertical optical axis direction along guide rail 1 orbiting motion equation according to the rules and moves; Photo electric imaging system 4 is placed on the slide block 2 21, and does the parallel optical axis direction with slide block 2 21 along guide rail 2 20 and slide; The image video signal of imageing sensor 5 output is transferred on the image pick-up card 8 through video transmission line 6, and the golden finger of image pick-up card 8 is inserted into the exchange that realizes data in the PCI slot of computing machine 7 mainboards; And: pupil coupled system 3 is directional light incident and parallel light emergence; The emergent pupil equal and opposite in direction of the entrance pupil of pupil coupled system 3 and collimator objective 2, the position is identical, coincides with pupil one 18 positions; The entrance pupil equal and opposite in direction of the emergent pupil of pupil coupled system 3 and photo electric imaging system 4, the position is identical, coincides with pupil 2 19 positions;
Described moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism, the external trigger exposure end of imageing sensor 5 links to each other with driver 11 by imageing sensor external trigger exposure image control line 12, the hardware delay circuit that is integrated in driver 11 inside has been designed to synchronizing circuit, the motion of assurance slide block 1 and the image acquisition of photo electric imaging system 4 are carried out synchronously, and being equivalent to the mistiming is zero.Hardware synchronous circuit sends to imageing sensor 5 exposure image signals, control chart image-position sensor 5 exposure images by imageing sensor external trigger exposure image control line 12 when sending to motor 14 drive signals by motor-driven control line 13.
Fig. 3 is a kind of moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism structural representation of software synchronization exposure, comprise along light ray propagation direction allocating power successively and also to comprise stepper motor driver 11,42BYG250 type stepper motor motor 14, leading screw 15, computing machine 7 and OK_M10B type image pick-up card 8 for 20mW red laser pointolite 1, collimator objective 2, pupil coupled system 3, the photo electric imaging system 4 that the pin hole of 15 μ m diameters constitutes of arranging in pairs or groups; Wherein, computing machine 7 is by driver control line 10 Control Driver 11; Driver 11 drives leading screws 15 by motor-driven control line 13 drive motor 14 and rotates, and makes the slide block 1 of bearing point light source 1 do the vertical optical axis direction along guide rail 1 orbiting motion equation according to the rules and moves; Photo electric imaging system 4 is placed on the slide block 2 21, and does the parallel optical axis direction with slide block 2 21 along guide rail 2 20 and slide; The image video signal of imageing sensor 5 output is transferred on the image pick-up card 8 through video transmission line 6, and the golden finger of image pick-up card 8 is inserted into the exchange that realizes data in the PCI slot of computing machine 7 mainboards; And: pupil coupled system 3 is directional light incident and parallel light emergence; The emergent pupil equal and opposite in direction of the entrance pupil of pupil coupled system 3 and collimator objective 2, the position is identical, coincides with pupil one 18 positions; The entrance pupil equal and opposite in direction of the emergent pupil of pupil coupled system 3 and photo electric imaging system 4, the position is identical, coincides with pupil 2 19 positions;
Described moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism, imageing sensor 5 links to each other with computing machine 7 by imageing sensor control line 9, the software delay that is programmed on the computing machine 7 has been programmed to the software synchronization program, the motion of assurance slide block 1 and the image acquisition of photo electric imaging system 4 are carried out synchronously, and being equivalent to the mistiming is zero.The software synchronization delay procedure is when giving the driver 11 transmission control motors driving command that 14 drive leading screws 15 rotate by driver control line 10, send exposure image command signal, control chart image-position sensor 5 exposure images for imageing sensor 5 by imageing sensor control line 9.
Claims (3)
1. moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism, comprise along light ray propagation direction collocation point light source successively (1), collimator objective (2), pupil coupled system (3), photo electric imaging system (4), also comprise driver (11), motor (14), leading screw (15), computing machine (7) and image pick-up card (8); Wherein, computing machine (7) is by driver control line (10) Control Driver (11); Driver (11) drives leading screw (15) by motor-driven control line (13) drive motor (14) and rotates, and makes the slide block one (17) of bearing point light source (1) do the motion of vertical optical axis direction along guide rail one (16) orbiting motion equation according to the rules; Photo electric imaging system (4) is placed on the slide block two (21), and does the parallel optical axis direction with slide block two (21) along guide rail two (20) and slide; The image video signal of imageing sensor (5) output is transferred on the image pick-up card (8) through video transmission line (6), and the golden finger of image pick-up card (8) is inserted into the exchange that realizes data in the PCI slot of computing machine (7) mainboard; It is characterized in that:
1. pupil coupled system (3) is directional light incident and parallel light emergence; The emergent pupil equal and opposite in direction of the entrance pupil of pupil coupled system (3) and collimator objective (2), the position is identical, coincides with pupil one (18) position; The entrance pupil equal and opposite in direction of the emergent pupil of pupil coupled system (3) and photo electric imaging system (4), the position is identical, coincides with pupil two (19) positions;
Perhaps:
2. remove pupil coupled system (3), the entrance pupil equal and opposite in direction of the emergent pupil of collimator objective (2) and photo electric imaging system (4), the position is identical, coincides with pupil one (18) position.
2. moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the external trigger exposure end of imageing sensor (5) links to each other with driver (11) by imageing sensor external trigger exposure image control line (12), be integrated in the inner hardware delay circuit of driver (11) and set the mistiming of the image acquisition of the motion of slide block one (17) and photo electric imaging system (4), the hardware delay circuit sends to motor (14) drive signal by motor-driven control line (13), after the mistiming of setting, the hardware delay circuit sends to imageing sensor (5) exposure image signal by imageing sensor external trigger exposure image control line (12), control chart image-position sensor (5) exposure image.
3. moving image modulation transfer function measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: imageing sensor (5) links to each other with computing machine (7) by imageing sensor control line (9), the mistiming of the image acquisition of be programmed in software delay program setting on the computing machine (7) motion of slide block one (17) and photo electric imaging system (4), the software delay program is sent control motor (14) for driver (11) by driver control line (10) and drives the driving command that leading screw (15) rotates, after the mistiming of setting, the software delay program sends exposure image instruction, control chart image-position sensor (5) exposure image for imageing sensor (5) by imageing sensor control line (9).
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