The expansion type retardant polyethylene that contains silicoorganic compound
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of polyolefine flame retardant products, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of higher expansion type retardant polyethylene that contains silicoorganic compound of flame retarding efficiency that contains simultaneously expanded polystyrene veneer compound flame retardant and silicoorganic compound.
Background technology
Polyethylene is with its light weight, low toxicity and good insulativity and limiting performance, although a lot of industries such as the packing of being widely used in, building materials, automobile, electronics/electric, daily necessities, but his is high flammable, and melting drippage after the burning, easily cause new disaster and the problem of loss of life and personal injury, make it comparatively difficult in high flame retardant rank electric and that building trade is required, thereby greatly affected its application in these industries.
Fire retardant is that a class can stop polymer materials to be ignited or suppresses the auxiliary agent of propagation of flame.The fire retardant that is most widely used at present is organic fire-retardant, the Organohalogen compounds of domestic main employing (take ten bromines, hexabromo as representative) and Sb
2O
3Composite use is carried out fire-retardant to PE.This based flame retardant can catch the free radical that the PE DeR generates when combustion decomposition, thereby delays or stop the chain reaction of burning, and discharging simultaneously itself is a kind of gas HX of difficult combustion.This gas density is large, can cover material surface, plays the effect that intercepts surperficial inflammable gas, also can suppress the burning of material.Its weak point: this fire retardant is relatively poor aspect the inhibition drippage, and the amount of being fuming is large when burning, produces macro-corrosion gas and toxic gas, gives and puts out a fire, flees from and resume work and bring very large suffering.
Inorganic combustion inhibitor is a kind of halogen-free flame retardants, have safe, press down cigarette, the advantage such as nontoxic, inexpensive, in fire-retardantization of PE, has critical role, widely used now also is that the type of the halogen-free flame retardants of most study has: metal oxide hydrate (ATH, MAH), Halogen phosphorus flame retardant and expansion type flame retardant.The metal oxide hydrate fire retardant mainly contains Al (OH)
3And Mg (OH)
2, the large calorimetric that the absorbing material burning discharges when decomposing of this fire retardant, thus the material surface temperature is reduced, slow down the degradation speed of superpolymer.Its weak point: their fire retardancy addition not bery strong and that require is large, thereby makes mechanical property and some deterioration in physical properties of material.
The retardant synergist that has now found that has silicoorganic compound, red phosphorus and phosphorus compound, zinc borate, metal oxide etc.Guo Xikun, Yang Jianying have studied red phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphate and Al (OH)
3, Mg (OH)
2Between synergistic effect, find that by differential thermal analysis research the polyphosphoric acid that generates in the fire-retardant process of phosphorus flame retardant, poly-metaphosphoric acid have strong dehydration, thereby can aggravate Al (OH)
3, Mg (OH)
2Thermal endothermic decomposition reaction, play synergism.The people such as Wang Zhengzhou [make Mg (OH) with red phosphorus, expanded graphite respectively
2Retardant synergist, find that micro encapsulation red phosphorus has the addition an of the best, the highest at the limiting oxygen index(LOI) of this point, can also postpone the burning time of material.But, add red phosphorus and can increase the amount of being fuming that material combustion produces.Expanded graphite then comes synergy fire-retardant by generation expanding layer, obstruct thermal feedback in fire-retardant process, so the flame retardant effect of the graphite that rate of expansion is large is better, but graphite itself belongs to combustible matl, so can the premature ignition time.Although the polyethylene of processing with these fire retardants shows low cigarette, nontoxic, characteristics such as good flame retardation effect and certain anti-molten, but still have to some extent some problems: flame retardant effect is desirable not enough, and dripping property of refractory is still waiting to improve etc.
CN1757667A (patent No. 200510022034.1), title " halogen-free expansion type retardant polyethylene that contains organometallic complex ", as base material take polyethylene, wherein contain composite expansion type flame retardant, it is characterized in that also containing organometallic complex, the content of each component is respectively by weight percentage: polyethylene 70~80%, composite expansion type flame retardant 17~29.5%, organometallic complex 0.5~3%.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of design: avoid the weak point in the background technology, design a kind of higher expansion type retardant polyethylene that contains silicoorganic compound of flame retarding efficiency that contains simultaneously expanded polystyrene veneer compound flame retardant and silicoorganic compound.
Design: in order to realize above-mentioned purpose of design.The study on the modification of the application on the basis of the patent No. 200510022034.1, provide a kind of and also have simultaneously the expanded polystyrene veneer compound flame retardant and take organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt or organosilicon ionic liquid as the higher polyethylene of the flame retardant effect of the metal oxide hydrate of retardant synergist, reach and make the flame retardant amount that contains in this polyethylene little, and dripping property of refractory is good.
The expansion type retardant polyethylene that contains the organic silicon flame-retardant synergistic agent provided by the invention, contain composite expansion type flame retardant in this polyethylene, it is characterized in that also containing the metal oxide hydrate of organic silicon flame-retardant synergistic agent, the content of each component is respectively by weight percentage: polyethylene 70~80%, composite expansion type flame retardant 17~29.5% contains the metal oxide hydrate 0.5~3% of organic silicon flame-retardant synergistic agent.
Wherein contained composite expansion type flame retardant is by the pentaerythritol ester with following structure (I), composite the forming of ammonium polyphosphate (II) melamine phosphate (III):
The content of wherein n 〉=20, and its each component is respectively by weight percentage: pentaerythritol ester 6.8~11.8%; Ammonium polyphosphate 4.7~8.2%, preferred 6.4~8.2%; Melamine phosphate 5.5~9.5%, preferred 7.4~9.5%.
Because pentaerythritol ester can not buied on the market, need click the aspect is prepared from: with tetramethylolmethane and 1-oxo-4-methylol-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxa-l-phosphabicyclo [2,2,2] the chloride product of octane (being called for short PEPA) is put into 0.2mol tetramethylolmethane/1000mL dioxane by 1: 3 mol ratio and is dissolved, and adding is made catalyzer by the pyridine of 0.2mol tetramethylolmethane/1.5mL, 90~110 ℃ of back flow reaction 3~6 hours, after the cooling, with acetone, chlorobenzene respectively washed product namely get white solid product 1~2 time.PEPA chloride product can be according to document-" research of Caged bicyclic phosphate derivative-I.1-oxo-4-replaces-2,6,7-trioxa-1-phospha dicyclo [2,2,2] the synthetic and repercussion study of Octane derivatives " (" chemical journal " 1988,46:679) the upper method that discloses is synthetic.
Wherein contained metal oxide hydrate is aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.
Contained retardant synergist is organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt or organosilicon ionic liquid, has following structure.
R is the group that can be hydrolyzed in the formula, as-O-COO-Cl and-OC
2H
5Deng; R
1For alkyl, contain oxygen or nitrogen-containing group, such as (CH
2)
3NHCH
2CH
2-,-CH
2COCH
2CH
2-,-CH
2-etc.; R
2Be 1~20 alkyl of carbon atoms; X is Cl, Br, BF
4, PF
6, annotating respectively is synergistic agent 1, synergistic agent 2, synergistic agent 3, synergistic agent 4.
The halogen-free expansion type retardant polyethylene that contains the metal oxide hydrate of organosilicon synergist provided by the invention prepares by following processing step:
(1) the synthesis of pentaerythritol ester after 7-trioxa-l-phosphabicyclo [2,2,2] octanes (PEPA) acyl chlorides product prepares by above disclosed method, uses vacuum drying oven in 70 ℃ of oven dry tetramethylolmethane and 1-oxo-1-methylol-1-phospha-2,6, and is for subsequent use.
(2) the synthesizing organo-silicon quaternary ammonium salt is with γ-chloropropyl trimethoxy silane and N, the Dymanthine reaction is made catalyzer with potassiumiodide, successive reaction 24~36h, synthesized N, N-dimethyl-N-octadecylamine propyl trimethoxy silicane quaternary ammonium salt (BFS).
(3) mechanically mixing joins pentaerythritol ester, melamine phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide and BFS in the polyethylene by proportioning, and mixes in high-speed mixer;
(4) mixture after vacuum-drying will mix is put into vacuum drying oven, and is lower dry 8~10 hours at 70 ℃;
(5) melting mixing is put into the twin screw extruder melt blending with dried mixture and is extruded.The temperature in each district of forcing machine is controlled to be respectively 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 170 ℃, 160 ℃, 150 ℃, and screw speed is controlled to be 25~50 rev/mins;
(6) the cooling and dicing melt blended material is extruded rear naturally cooling pelletizing.
The present invention compared with the prior art, the one, owing to contain autonomous synthetic pentaerythritol ester fire retardant in the composite expansion type flame retardant of the present invention, thereby reduced the addition of ammonium polyphosphate, reduced the ammonium polyphosphate water absorbability to Flame Retardancy can disadvantageous effect; The 2nd, owing to contain autonomous synthetic pentaerythritol ester fire retardant in the composite expansion type flame retardant of the present invention, not only reduced the addition of melamine phosphate, and improved the efficient of fire retardant; The 3rd, added silicoorganic compound in the fire retardant, in fire-retardant process, generate the SiC char layer of ceramic-like, can play heat insulation oxygen barrier effect, and metal oxide hydrate and expansion type flame retardant produce the cooperative flame retardant effect, not only greatly improved the oxygen index flame retardant properties of polythene material, also improved the vertical combustion that embodies dripping property of refractory, solved polythene material and will reach at electric and high flame retardant rank that building trade is required hard problem comparatively.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment preparation method of the present invention is described further, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this.
(1) tetramethylolmethane ester synthesis:
With the 3.00g tetramethylolmethane, 14.03g 1-oxo-1-methylol-1-phospha-2,6, the adding of 7-trioxa-l-phosphabicyclo [2,2,2] octanes (PEPA) acyl chlorides product is placed with in the there-necked flask of 100mL dioxane, stirring and dissolving, and the pyridine of dropping 0.16mL; Be heated to 95~105 ℃ of flow of goods reactions 6 hours; Be cooled to room temperature, then use dioxane, chloroform respectively washed product namely gets white solid product 1~2 time; At last in 70 ℃ of vacuum drying oven dry for standby.The infared spectrum concrete structure of this tetramethylolmethane ester products that obtains is as follows: 3456cm
-1And 1121cm
-1Be O-H; 2924cm
-1Be aliphatic C-H structure; 1736cm
-1And 1234cm
-1Be ester group; 1295cm
-1And 1001cm
-1For phosphate-based; 873cm
-1And 835cm
-1Be cage shape bicyclic phosphate structure.
(2) organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt is synthetic:
The N that in the four-necked bottle that thermometer, agitator, reflux condensing tube are housed, adds successively 62.4g (0.21mol), Dymanthine, 60g solvent Virahol, micro-antioxidant stir and are warming up to the setting temperature of reaction; Drip 39.7g (0.2mol) γ-r-chloropropyl trimethoxyl silane and catalyzer iodate potassium solution, successive reaction 24~36h; Remove by filter insoluble antioxidant residue, decompression and solvent recovery and unreacted reactant; Add again solid acid and remove residual micro-tertiary amine and decolour, get the quaternized silane BFS of light yellow transparent liquid.Productive rate 70.11%, the ζ-potential of specific refractory power 1.4206,2% aqueous solution (20 ℃) is 9.9 * 10
-4V, infrared spectra IR (cm
-1) be 3349 (s, υ
O-H, OH), 2969,2930,2850 (s, υ
C-H,-CH
3,-CH
2), 1630 (w, R
3NH
+Impurity peaks), 1465,1375 (m, δ
C-H, C-CH
2), 1192 (s, δ
s C-H, Si-CH
2), 1075 (s, υ
Si-O), 820 (s, υ
Si-C).
(3) mechanically mixing joins pentaerythritol ester, melamine phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, magnesium hydroxide, aluminium hydroxide and BFS in the polyethylene by proportioning, and mixes in high-speed mixer;
(4) mixture after vacuum-drying will mix is put into vacuum drying oven, and is lower dry 8~10 hours at 70 ℃;
(5) melting mixing is put into the twin screw extruder melt blending with dried mixture and is extruded.The temperature in each district of forcing machine is controlled to be respectively 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 170 ℃, 160 ℃, 150 ℃, and screw speed is controlled to be 25~50 rev/mins;
(6) the cooling and dicing melt blended material is extruded rear naturally cooling pelletizing.
Table 1
Annotate: numerical value is weight percentage in the table; Retardant synergist among the embodiment 1~4 is respectively: the X (IV) is respectively Cl, Br, BF
4, PF
6
In order to investigate poly flame retardant properties provided by the invention, the below with the flame-proof polyethylene vacuum-drying of the embodiment of the invention 1~4 happy and harmonious mixing gained after heating platen, after cutting into the standard batten of 130 * 6.5 * 3mm and 130 * 13 * 3mm, and pure polyethylene, the polyethylene that only added halogen-free expansion fire retardant carry out following contrast combustionproperty test:
1. limiting oxygen index determination:
Press the program test of GB2406-93 specified standards with JF-3 type oxygen index instrument.
Table 2
Description of materials |
Oxygen index |
Pure PE |
17.8 |
PE/IFR |
26.3 |
PE/ synergistic agent 1 |
29.2 |
PE/ synergistic agent 2 |
28.9 |
PE/ synergistic agent 3 |
29.9 |
PE/ synergistic agent 4 |
29.6 |
Annotate: PE is polyethylene, and IFR is composite expansion type flame retardant.
It will be appreciated that: although above-described embodiment has been done more detailed text description to mentality of designing of the present invention, but these text descriptions, just the simple text of mentality of designing of the present invention is described, rather than to the restriction of mentality of designing of the present invention, any combination, increase or modification that does not exceed mentality of designing of the present invention all falls within the scope of the present invention.