A kind of coal tar hydrogenation protective agent and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrogenation protecting agent and preparation method, especially for catalyst and the preparation method of coal tar hydrogenating process.
Background technology
World Economics develops rapidly at present, and is more and more, also more and more stricter to the quality requirement of oil product simultaneously to the demand of fuel oil.World's crude resources short extremely urgent, therefore and the storage capacity of coal is very abundant, and producing the vehicle fuel oil product with coal is a kind of approach, is comprised the indirect liquefaction of coal direct liquefaction and coal etc. by the major technique of coal liquefaction, but these technical costs are high, technical sophistication.Another produces the technology of coke, can be when producing coke, and byproduct is coal tar, this is the method that extensively adopts at present.But the further manufacturing process of coal tar is fewer, utilizes means more single, and price comparison is low, and product outlet also has some setbacks very much, is the waste to existing resource, especially in use environment is had very large impact.
CN93107496.7 provides a kind of method of producing diesel oil by middle coalite tar, and namely direct chemical refining method is processed the diesel oil distillate of coal tar with the method for removal of impurities-refining-washing-breakdown of emulsion-allotment, and refining goes out to reach the diesel oil of instructions for use.CN94112466.5 relates to the method with prodn. of diesel for coal tar oil, and coal tar is primary raw material, adds auxiliary material, through mix and blend, catalytic oxidation-distillation and synthetic three technical process, can obtain 0-35# diesel oil.CN88105117 has introduced a kind of prescription and compound method thereof of fuel reagent replacing diesel, and its product only acts as a fuel, and is not suitable for diesel engine.These methods all are that coal tar is carried out chemical treatment, poor product quality, and light oil yield is low, does not reach the comprehensive utilization to tar resource.
Hydrogen addition technology is the effective ways that improve the coal tar quality, and in the presence of hydrogenation catalyst, coal tar and hydrogen react, and removes impurity or further conversion in the coal tar.US4855037 has introduced a kind of Catalyst And Method of hydrogenation treatment for coal tar, and the coal tar after its hydrotreatment is used for delayed coking, for delayed coking provides charging.CN1331130A has introduced the method that a kind of coal tar hydrogenating is produced diesel oil, mainly be coal tar through fractionation, the following cut of the diesel oil that obtains carries out hydrofinishing, can directly produce the diesel oil that meets the fuel oil index or produce blend component as diesel product.CN1464031A has introduced the catalyst of a kind of coal tar hydrogenation process and use.Employing adds hydrogen pretreatment and hydro-upgrading tandem process, and pretreatment catalyst adopts the catalyst of titaniferous and hydrogenation component, and modifying catalyst adopts the catalyst that contains titanium and molecular sieve.
The method that above-mentioned employing hydrogenation technique is processed coal tar mainly comprises hydrofinishing and hydro-upgrading, and the hydrofinishing main purpose is to remove the hetero atoms such as sulphur in the coal tar, nitrogen, oxygen, improves the quality of products; The main purpose of hydro-upgrading is the molecular structure that further changes component in the coal tar,, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon open loop saturated such as aromatic hydrogenation etc.Owing to contain the coke precursor of easy green coke under more metal impurities and the hydrogenation conditions in the coal tar; therefore in order to protect Hydrobon catalyst and catalyst for hydro-upgrading can have long service life; before Hydrobon catalyst or catalyst for hydro-upgrading; all the hydrogenation protecting agent need be set, to remove metal impurities and the easy green coke precursor in the raw material.The hydrogenation protecting agent generally has larger pore volume, and relatively low active component content simultaneously in order to regulate the character of hydrogenation protecting agent, generally needs to add auxiliary agent, and auxiliary agent is general such as potassium, phosphorus, Si etc.Wherein auxiliary agent potassium is the important auxiliary agent of hydrogenation protecting agent, and the surface nature of regulating the hydrogenation protecting agent is had important function, but the deficiency of auxiliary agent potassium is to be easy to the mistake of living under the use state, the stability of catalyst is affected.In the coal tar hydrogenating technology, do not have at present special protective agent, the hydrogenation protecting agent in the normal operation residual hydrogenation technology or catalyst for demetalation etc. are as described in the disclosed coal tar hydrogenating process of CN200510047462.x.CN94118334.3 and CN94118303.3 disclose a kind of Hydrodemetalation catalyst and preparation method thereof, have wherein used auxiliary agent potassium, make simultaneously used additives phosphorus and/or Si, can reduce the loss of potassium, need further to improve but reduce the effect that runs off.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, first purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method who contains the coal tar hydrogenation protective agent of auxiliary agent potassium, and the auxiliary agent of the hydrogenation protecting agent by the method preparation is difficult for running off, and the stability of hydrogenation protecting agent further improves.Second purpose of the present invention provides according to the prepared hydrogenation protecting agent of the method.
For realizing first purpose, the preparation method of coal tar hydrogenation protective agent of the present invention comprises:
(1) moulding and the dried boehmite dry glue powder that contains auxiliary agent phosphorus are flooded in potassium salt soln, then dry, roasting makes catalyst carrier;
(2) support active component with infusion process on catalyst carrier, then dry, roasting obtains final hydrogenation protecting agent.
In the described step (1), the boehmite dry glue powder that contains auxiliary agent phosphorus behind the shaping and drying is immersed in the potassium salt soln, and potassium salt soln can be potassium nitrate solution, can adopt conventional dipping method.Preferred described drying is that described roasting was 750 ~ 1100 ℃ of roastings 2 ~ 5 hours 80 ~ 200 ℃ of dryings 1 ~ 10 hour, thereby makes phosphorous and alumina support potassium.
Infusion process supports the suitable solution of active component employing in the step (2) on catalyst carrier; as using the solution that contains active component precursor (compound that contains active component); flood phosphorous and alumina support potassium; described drying is preferably 80 ~ 200 ℃ of dryings 1 ~ 8 hour; described roasting is preferably 350 ~ 500 ℃ of roastings 1 ~ 5 hour, thereby obtains final hydrogenation protecting agent.Described active component is selected from VIB or VIII metallic element, is preferably among W, Mo, Ni, the Co one or more.
Preferably, among the described preparation method, the preparation method of moulding and the dried boehmite dry glue powder that contains auxiliary agent phosphorus is as follows: add suitable peptizing agent, expanding agent, extrusion aid in the boehmite dry glue powder that contains auxiliary agent phosphorus, moulding is also dry.
Further preferred, among the described preparation method, the preparation method of boehmite dry glue powder who contains auxiliary agent phosphorus is as follows: add phosphorus-containing compound in the one-tenth glue process of boehmite dry glue powder, become to wash the boehmite dry glue powder that obtains to contain auxiliary agent phosphorus after dry behind the glue.
The boehmite dry glue powder can adopt to have now and become arbitrarily the glue legal system standby, such as acid aluminium salt solution (liquor alumini chloridi, aluminum sulfate solution etc., become glue with ammonia spirit down together), acid aluminium salt solution and basic aluminium salt solution (sodium aluminate solution etc., together lower) become glue, basic aluminium salt solution becomes glue etc. with carbon dioxide.In becoming the glue process, add phosphorus-containing compound, make the boehmite dry glue powder, the phosphorus-containing compound of adding such as phosphoric acid, phosphate (ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, dibastic sodium phosphate) etc. after material washing, the drying behind the one-tenth glue.
Among the hydrogenation protecting agent preparation method of the present invention; the peptizing agent that adds before the moulding of boehmite dry glue powder, expanding agent, extrusion aid etc. can be materials commonly used in this area; be nitric acid or acetic acid such as peptizing agent, expanding agent is carbon black, surfactant, starch etc., the blue or green powder in extrusion aid such as field etc.With above-mentioned mixing of materials evenly after, moulding on suitable former, then drying makes catalyst carrier, dry run is generally 80 ~ 200 ℃ of dryings 1 ~ 10 hour.
For realizing the second purpose of the present invention, the present invention also provides according to the prepared hydrogenation protecting agent of above-mentioned either method.
The prepared coal tar hydrogenation protective agent of the present invention is take aluminium oxide as carrier; take VIB and VIII metallic element as active component; take potassium element and P elements as auxiliary agent; active component is take the weight content of oxide as 0.5% ~ 12% in the hydrogenation protecting agent; be preferably 1% ~ 8%, auxiliary agent potassium is preferably 0.5% ~ 5% take the weight content of element as 0.2% ~ 10%; phosphorus/potassium atom ratio is 0.2 ~ 5, is preferably 0.5 ~ 2.Wherein auxiliary agent phosphorus is to introduce in the preparation process of alumina support raw material boehmite dry glue powder, and auxiliary agent potassium is to introduce with infusion process before the roasting behind boehmite dry glue powder shaping and drying.Active component is preferably one or more among W, Mo, Ni, the Co.
Among the coal tar hydrogenation protective agent preparation method of the present invention, other technology contents is well known to those skilled in the art, such as the preparation of solution, and dry method, the equipment of roasting etc.
In the coal tar hydrogenation protective agent of the present invention; auxiliary agent phosphorus and potassium adopt suitable mode to add; auxiliary agent phosphorus adds in the support material preparation process; so that phosphorus and support material have sufficient combination; potassium is introduced before the roasting behind the carrier shaping and drying; experiment shows; compare with the existing hydrogenation protecting agent that contains auxiliary agent phosphorus and potassium; auxiliary agent of the present invention adds mode; when realizing that auxiliary agent is to catalyst modification, can greatly strengthen the interaction force between auxiliary agent and the carrier, obviously reduced catalyst auxiliary agent losing issue in use; be conducive to prolong the service life of hydrogenation protecting agent, and then prolong the service cycle of coal tar hydrogenating unit.Auxiliary agent loss speed in the coal tar hydrogenation protective agent of the present invention is starkly lower than the corresponding catalyst of existing method preparation, so hydrogenation protecting agent of the present invention is obviously different from existing hydrogenation protecting agent.
The specific embodiment
Further specify preparation method and the effect of coal tar hydrogenation protective agent of the present invention below by embodiment.
By the composition (percentage composition of composition is by the quality of final catalyst) of the described coal tar hydrogenation protective agent of table 1, determine the ratio of raw material.Among the embodiment, the boehmite dry glue powder is that aluminum sulfate solution becomes gluing method to make with sodium aluminate solution, and embodiment 1-3 adds phosphoric acid to introduce auxiliary agent phosphorus in becoming the glue process; Auxiliary agent potassium adopts the potassium nitrate solution dipping to obtain; The precursor of active component is ammonium metatungstate, ammonium molybdate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate; Peptizing agent is that nitric acid, extrusion aid are that the blue or green powder in field, expanding agent are carbon black.
Embodiment 1
Phosphorous boehmite dry glue powder and an amount of peptizing agent, the blue or green powder in field that accounts for boehmite dry glue powder weight 3%, the carbon black that accounts for boehmite dry glue powder weight 5% mix, kneading becomes plastic, then extruded moulding, the stripe shape thing was 120 ℃ of dryings 5 hours, then use the saturated dipping of potassium nitrate solution, 150 ℃ of dryings 3 hours, 900 ℃ of roastings 2 hours, obtain carrier.With the solution impregnating carrier that contains the active component precursor, 120 ℃ of dryings 4 hours, 450 ℃ of roastings 3 hours, obtain final hydrogenation protecting agent.
Embodiment 2 ~ 3
Method and condition are with embodiment 1, and material proportion is pressed table 1 and determined.
Comparative example 1
Identical with embodiment 1, the difference part is the dipping introducing in the dipping active component of auxiliary agent phosphorus and potassium.
Comparative example 2
Identical with comparative example 1, the difference part is that auxiliary agent phosphorus and potassium add simultaneously with extrusion aid, expanding agent etc. before the carrier moulding.
The chief component of table 1 coal tar hydrogenation protective agent of the present invention and character (active component is in oxide)
Form and character |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 2 |
Embodiment 3 |
Comparative example 1 |
Comparative example 2 |
Potassium, % |
2.0 |
3.0 |
5.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
Phosphorus/potassium atom ratio |
1:1 |
2:1 |
0.5:1 |
1:1 |
1:1 |
Mo,% |
2.0 |
5.0 |
3.0 |
2.0 |
2.0 |
W,% |
/ |
1.0 |
/ |
/ |
/ |
Ni,% |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
Co,% |
/ |
/ |
0.5 |
/ |
/ |
Pore volume, ml/g |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
Specific area, m
2/g
|
135 |
128 |
136 |
138 |
132 |
Embodiment 4
The evaluation of embodiment and comparative example catalyst, raw material character sees Table 2.
Table 2 coal tar raw material oil nature
Feedstock oil |
Main character |
Density/gcm
-3 |
1.12 |
Boiling range/℃ |
150~600 |
Carbon residue, wt% |
9.80 |
Mechanical admixture, wt% |
0.22 |
Sulfur content/, wt% |
0.35 |
Nitrogen content, wt% |
1.10 |
Tenor (not comprising potassium), μ gg
-1 |
151 |
Potassium content, μ gg
-1 |
2.7 |
Oxygen content, wt% |
5.30 |
Arene content, wt% |
82.5 |
Appreciation condition is: the hydrogenation protecting agent of embodiment and comparative example is 100ml; identical Hydrobon catalyst 100ml; hydrogenation protecting agent and Hydrobon catalyst layering are seated in the reactor, and reaction mass passes through first hydrogenation protecting catalyst, then pass through Hydrobon catalyst.Estimate operating parameter: 380 ℃ of reaction temperatures, reaction pressure 15MPa, raw material cumulative volume air speed 0.8h
-1, hydrogen to oil volume ratio 800:1.Generate oily main character and see Table 3.
Table 3 embodiment and comparative example evaluating catalyst product main character
Hydrogenation effluent main character |
Embodiment 1 |
Embodiment 2 |
Embodiment 3 |
Comparative example 1 |
Comparative example 2 |
Nitrogen content, μ gg
-1 |
320 |
290 |
315 |
318 |
322 |
Tenor (not comprising potassium), μ gg
-1 |
7.32 |
5.45 |
6.84 |
7.65 |
7.62 |
Potassium content, μ gg
-1 |
0.72 |
0.75 |
0.77 |
5.25 |
4.78 |
Can find out from above table 3 experimental data; when using hydrogenation protecting agent of the present invention to process coal tar; potassium content in the hydrogenation effluent is starkly lower than the potassium content in the charging; illustrate that reaction system has the effect of removing to the potassium in the raw material, illustrate that also the potassium in the hydrogenation protecting agent does not have leakage substantially simultaneously.And in the reaction system of comparative example, the potassium content of hydrogenation effluent is apparently higher than the potassium content of charging, because hydrogenation system has certain potassium function of taking off, so the auxiliary agent potassium in the agent of comparative example hydrogenation protecting can be described obvious losing issue arranged.
Embodiment 5
Stability experiment, the reaction system of embodiment 1 and comparative example 2 was carried out under constant appreciation condition 1000 hours, the results are shown in Table 4, can find out that reaction system stability of the present invention is better.
Table 4 embodiment and comparative example stability experiment result
Hydrogenation effluent main character |
Embodiment 1 |
Comparative example 2 |
Nitrogen content, μ gg
-1 |
332 |
692 |
Tenor (not comprising potassium), μ gg
-1 |
8.34 |
15.71 |
Potassium content, μ gg
-1 |
0.75 |
2.83 |