CN101939592A - Ceramic heating elements - Google Patents
Ceramic heating elements Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101939592A CN101939592A CN2008801263736A CN200880126373A CN101939592A CN 101939592 A CN101939592 A CN 101939592A CN 2008801263736 A CN2008801263736 A CN 2008801263736A CN 200880126373 A CN200880126373 A CN 200880126373A CN 101939592 A CN101939592 A CN 101939592A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- element heater
- conduction region
- length
- heater
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/22—Details
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
- F23Q7/06—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
- F23Q7/10—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners for gaseous fuel, e.g. in welding appliances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/10—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
- H05B3/12—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
- H05B3/14—Heater elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
- H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
New ceramic heating elements are provided that have a recessed portion for receiving an electrical lead. Such ceramic heating elements can provide a reduced cross-sectional dimension across element regions that interface with electrical lead(s) as well as a more secure engagement of an electrical lead. Heating elements can be highly useful in a variety of application, including e.g. for fuel ignition for gas cooking appliances as well as vehicular glow plugs.
Description
The application requires the rights and interests of the U.S. Provisional Application submitted on December 29th, 2007 number 61/009,381, this application by reference with its in full integral body be combined in this.
Technical field
On the one hand, at this pottery heating element heater that part with a depression is provided, this sunk part is used to receive electrical lead.Such heating element heater can make heating element heater and electrical lead have more firm engaging.On the other hand, provide the pottery heating element heater that has along a conduction region in leement duration maintenance cross section constant substantially or that increase gradually at this.Heating element heater of the present invention is useful on multiple use, comprises as such as gas cooking appliance and the gas ignition of glow plug of the vehicles of strict spatial constraints is arranged.
Background technology
Ceramic material successfully has been used among the heater element (comprising igniter), as gas furnace, and heating furnace and dryer etc.The manufacturing of pottery heating element heater comprises that structure passes the circuit of pottery parts, and its part is that high resistance and temperature rise when being switched on by electric wire.Referring to for example, U.S. Patent Publication 2006/0131295 and United States Patent (USP) 6,028,292; 5,801,361; 5,405,237; And 5,191,508.
The representative point firearm is the element of rectangle generally, wherein has " hot-zone " of a high resistance at the most advanced and sophisticated place of heating element heater and opposite thermal element end provides " cold-zone " of one or more electric conductivity.The igniter that can get at present, mini heating element heater can get from the Nuo Dun of Milford N.H (Norton) igniter product, this igniter is designed to the application between 12 volts to 120 volts, and comprise a kind of composition, said composition comprises aluminium nitride (" AIN "), molybdenum disilicide (" MoSi
2") and carborundum (" SiC ").
Because these heating element heaters are resistive heating, each end of heating element heater must be electrically connected on the electrical lead (being typically the copper lead-in wire).The pottery heating element heater is to be connected on the electric contact by direct welding or soldering, perhaps is connected on the intermetallic metal lead frame by soldering, and then metal lead frame is welded or soldered on the electric wire.Referring to United States Patent (USP) 7,241,975 and 6,933,471.
For having heating element heater cylindrical or the non-rectangular cross-section configuration, the fixedly meeting of such electrical pickoff causes the increase of insulated part (intersection of electrical lead and heating element heater) diameter.Being increased in many application of such diameter is debatable, and for example in the environment of multiple device or motor vehicle, wherein may there be strict specification requirement in the outside dimension for the heater element block of heating element heater.In addition, electrical lead can cause component failure from heating element heater generation disengaging
Therefore, desirable is to have new heating element systems.It is desirable for especially and have new heating element heater, these elements have the cross-sectional configuration of cylindrical or other non-rectangles, and in the sectional dimension that has relative narrower across the zone that has a common boundary with electrical pickoff.What more wish is to have heating element heater, and these heating element heaters have the firm engagement of electrical lead and heating element heater.
Summary of the invention
On the one hand, provide the heating element heater of the pottery with a sunk part at this, this sunk part is used to receive electrical lead.This type of pottery heating element heater can provide in the zone that element and one or more electrical lead have a common boundary a sectional dimension that reduces together with electrical lead in more firm the engaging in this zone.Therefore, heating element heater can be widely used in many application, comprises the igniting that is used for such as gas cooking appliance and vehicles glow plug fuel.
One preferred aspect, a kind of heating element heater can comprise that at least one is used to receive the depression of electrical lead (for example hole), wherein these depressions place on this heating element heater bottom surface, though depression also can suitably be positioned at other zones of a heating element heater, for example a kind of component side face portion.
In some aspects, this depression can be a wedgewise, promptly inside (reducing sectional area) of gradually splaying, and this can further guarantee the firm engagement of electrical lead and heating element heater.
Preferably, the conductive region of heating element heater (being the lower zone of resistance) should form at least a portion of the wall surface of depression.As a result, electric energy flows through heating element heater from nestable electrical lead in depression via such conductive region.
On the other hand, provide the heating element heater of the pottery with a conductive region at this, this conductive region has a cross section that equates or increase gradually from the heating element heater near-end along leement duration.Specifically, this sectional dimension of this conduction region (it has formed at least a portion on the recess walls surface that is used to receive electrical lead) will have a sectional dimension at the part place that contacts with this depression, and this depression is the conduction region sectional dimension that is equal to or greater than substantially along the same conduction region of this conduction region length.
Have been found that undesirable warping phenomenon when such conduction region configuration can be avoided the heating element heater sintering.
Preferred heating element heater of the present invention have be in outside, or take the shape of the letter U basically or L shaped conductive path, that is, wherein this conductive path begins to (ii) hot-zone or seed region and extends to (iii) second external conductive district then from (i) external conductive district.This outside or take the shape of the letter U or L shaped conductive path is different from and is different from a coaxial conductive path, this coaxial conductive path comprises by one first conduction region that has the external conductive district to encase.
The particularly preferred heating element heater of the present invention can have the cross-sectional configuration of cylindrical or other non-rectangles.One preferred aspect, the preferred heating element heater of the present invention have one along heating element heater length (as, extend to the length between the resistive hot-zone from the position that electrical lead is fixed in heating element heater) at least a portion by the cross sectional shape of sphering.More specifically, preferred heating element heater can have the cross sectional shape of basic ovalize, circle or other sphering at least a portion of this hot device length, for example, heating element heater at least about 10%, 40%, 60%, 80% or 90% or whole heating element heater length.Substantially it is particularly preferred that the rounded cross section of a heater elements is provided.The present invention also provides the heating element heater that has non-sphering or not rounded cross section at least in a part for heating element heater length.
Preferred heating element heater comprises a plurality of zones with different resistivity, that is, preferred pottery heating element heater can comprise one first conduction region, and a resistive hot and one second conduction region are all according to the order of electric current.Heating element heater of the present invention can have different conductive path configurations.Just as discussed, in preferred system, heating element heater can have the conductive path that is the U-type substantially, such as, wherein opposite conductive region is kept apart by the hot-zone (or seed region) of an insertion.
Pottery heating element heater of the present invention can use in very wide nominal voltage scope, comprises 6,8,10,12,24,120,220,230 and 240 volts of nominal voltages.
As mentioned, heating element heater of the present invention can be used for the igniting of various configurations and heating system.More specifically, heating system is equipped with the pottery heating element heater of a thermal sintering described herein.Concrete heating system comprises many devices, as the gas cooking unit, and the heater of commerce and civil buildings.The vehicles that comprise a sintered ceramic heating element heater described herein (as motor vehicle, water carrier) also are provided.
Other aspects of the present invention are disclosed in hereinafter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 has schematically shown preferred heating element systems;
Fig. 5 there is shown another preferred heating element heater analysing and observe; And
Fig. 6 shows (comprising Fig. 6 A-6C) plane of another preferred heating element heater.Fig. 6 B is the figure of Fig. 6 A along straight line B-B cutting, and Fig. 6 C is the figure of Fig. 6 A along straight line C-C cutting.
The specific embodiment
As mentioned above, on the one hand, provide ceramic property heating element systems at this, these systems comprise the various new configurations that are complementary with the electrical lead parts.On the other hand, provide ceramic property heating element systems at this, these systems comprise crossing provides the one or more conduction regions with obvious benefit, comprises the warping phenomenon when having reduced sintering.The preferred pottery heating element heater of the present invention has outside or that be U-type or L-type basically electric pathway.
Referring now to accompanying drawing,, Fig. 1 to 4 has illustrated a preferred ceramic heating element 10 in schematic cross sectional views, and wherein conduction region 12A and 12B match with insertion heat (igniting) district 14 therebetween, thereby constitutes the path of a conduction.As seen, outside conduction region 12A and 12B have formed one together with insertion heat (igniting) district wherein and have taken the shape of the letter U substantially or L shaped conductive channel, and this passage crosses the periphery or the peripheral part of heating element heater 10.
Can also preferably be included in an external insulation layer 25 of a plurality of heating element heater parts that contact with metal fixture 20.This appearance insulating barrier can form by a dip coating or an additive method at the ceramic insulation composition suitably.
Fig. 5 has illustrated a particularly preferred heating element heater in phantom, wherein conduction region 12A has formed the part of depression 16 (being used to receive electrical lead) inwall 16A.In this preferred configuration, the heat (igniting) of conduction region 12A and 12B and insertion thus district 14 matches and forms a conductive channel.This heating element heater also comprises central insulation district 24, the insulator 25B that this central insulation district has the outer insulator 25A of at least a portion of wrapping the first conduction region 12A and wrapping conduction region 12B at least a portion.
Describe as Fig. 5, in a preferred configuration, depression 16 contacts with conductive region 12A, has formed recess walls 16A by conductive region 12A thus.In other more not preferred implementations, the whole wall surface that limits depression 16 is the part of conduction region 12A.
In the preferred configuration of being described, by making a part that becomes conduction region 12A of these walls that limit depression 16, this conduction region 12A just can have the sectional area that equates or increase basically along a length of element.Thereby, as shown in Figure 5, the sectional dimension (in figure by size a represented) of conduction region 12A at the element proximal place is substantially equal to or less than the sectional dimension for this conduction region (length y shown in Figure 5) of the substantive part of this conduction region length, for example, be equivalent at least 50%, 60% of section length y shown in Figure 5,70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or even 100%.Thereby as shown in Figure 5, size a is approximately equal to or less than size a ' or a that is described ".As in this reference, here first conduction region of mentioning is along the cross section that its length has " basic identical " or " approximately identical " (or other similar phrase), means that the variation of sectional dimension (length a and a ' and a as shown in Figure 5 " compare) can not be higher than 5%, 10% or 20%.In some aspects, when mentioning the conduction region sectional dimension, do not comprise the interface at conduction region and seed region coupling place.
As discussed above, this configuration of the first conduction region sectional dimension has obvious benefit, comprises the warping phenomenon when having reduced the heating element heater sintering.
Fig. 5 also shows a kind of preferred configuration of depression 16, the 16 inside wedgewises that wherein cave in, that is, and depression 16 sectional areas that reduce that have along its length.The configuration of this wedgewise is provided at a more firm joint of the electrical lead of intussusception in the depression.
In use, electrical lead is entered depression 16 the insides by intussusception and the electric current of the conductive channel (seeing the path shown in Fig. 5 arrow) of flowing through as shown in the figure is provided, and this conductive channel extends to heat (igniting) district 14 from conduction region 12A.Inner ceramics insulator 24 can be heating element heater provides higher mechanical strength.
Fig. 6 A to 6C shows the preferred configuration of another heating element heater 10, and 16 the part of wherein only caving in contacts with conduction region 12A.That is to say only have the part on the surface of depression of limiting 16 to belong to the part of conduction region 12A.In the system that Fig. 6 described, the remainder that limits the wall of depression 16 is a part of insulation layer 24.In the optimum decision system of an example, what the wall surface of depression 16A was long-pending 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% is a part of conduction region 12A part, and the remainder of the surface area of the 16A wall that wherein caves in is to be positioned at a part that adds this center or inner insulating regions 24.
For element shown in Figure 5, in use, electrical lead is gone in the depression 16 by intussusception and provides to pass through the conductive channel described from conduction region 12A, also flows through the electric current of conduction region 12B subsequently through overheated (igniting) district 14, thereby provides one to take the shape of the letter U basically or L shaped external conductive path.
Shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 A, in preferred systems, bigger than the length of the second conduction region 12B with the length of the depression 16 contacted first conduction region 12A, conduction region 12B is positioned at the distal side in resistance (igniting) district.For example, in some preferred configuration, the length of the second conduction region 12B (using y ' expression in Fig. 5) is no more than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or even 10% of first conduction region 12A (representing with the y) length in Fig. 5.In some preferred configuration, the second conduction region 12B does not comprise or contacts depression 16, shown in Fig. 5,6A and 6B.
As discussed above, and give an example in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, preferably, the substantial part of at least one of heating element heater length has along the cross sectional shape of a sphering of at least a portion of this heating element heater length, for example the length a shown in Fig. 6 A.Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 have described a particularly preferred configuration, and wherein heating element heater 10 approximately all has rounded substantially cross sectional shape on the heating element heater length, thereby a bar-shaped heating element heater is provided.Yet as discussed above, preferred systems comprises that also those wherein only have the sphering cross-sectional configuration on a heating element heater part.For example, can account for 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% of heating element heater length, wherein in this design, the remainder of heating element heater length can have the profile of band external margin.
Also have, although the cross section to a lot of application spherings is preferred, heating element heater preferred for this invention also can have non-sphering or non-circular cross sectional shape at least on a part of heating element heater length, for example, at least be about 10% of heating element heater length (illustrated by heating element heater length a in Fig. 6 A), 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% can have non-sphering or non-circular cross section, perhaps wherein on whole heating element heater length, have non-sphering or non-circular cross sectional shape (as among Fig. 6 A by the heating element heater length shown in the length a).
The size of heating element heater of the present invention can change in a big way based on the desired use of this heating element heater and can select.For example, (length among Fig. 6 A a) can be suitably approximately between the extremely about 5cm of 0.5cm for a kind of length of preferred heating element heater, more preferably from about 1cm to about 3cm, and the maximum cross-section width of this heating element heater (the length b among Fig. 6 A) can suitably be from about 0.2cm extremely between about 3cm.
Similarly, the length of conduction region and hot-zone also can suitably change.Preferably, the length of first conduction region (the length c among Fig. 6 A and the length y among Fig. 5) of the heating element heater described of Fig. 6 A can be in from 0.2cm to 2cm, 3cm, 4cm or 5cm or longer.The more typical first conduction region length is to about 5cm from about 0.5cm.The height of hot-zone (length d among Fig. 6 A) can be from about 0.1cm to about 2cm, 3cm, 4cm or 5cm, wherein the total length of hot-zone conductive path (shown in the dotted line among Fig. 6 A) is between about 0.5cm to 5cm or longer, and wherein conductive path total length in hot-zone is preferably generally from about 0.5cm to 1cm, 2cm or 3cm.
In preferred systems, the hot-zone of a kind of heating element heater of the present invention or resistance area can be heated under nominal voltage and be no more than about 1450 ℃ maximum temperature; And under about 110% high end line voltage of nominal voltage, can be heated to and be no more than about 1550 ℃ maximum temperature; Under about 85% low end line voltage of nominal voltage, can be heated to and be no more than about 1350 ℃ maximum temperature.
The composition of numerous species can be used for forming heating element heater of the present invention.Generally speaking, preferred hot zone composition comprises at least three kinds of compositions, 1) conductive material; 2) semi-conducting material; And 3) insulating materials.Conduction region (cold-zone) can be made of identical component with insulation (heat radiation) district, but heterogeneity exists with different ratios.Typical conductive material comprises as molybdenum disilicide, two tungsten silicides, nitride such as titanium nitride and carbide such as titanium carbide.Typical semiconductor comprises carbide such as carborundum (doping or unadulterated) and boron carbide.Typical insulating materials comprises metal oxide such as aluminium oxide or nitride such as AlN and/or Si
3N
4
As mentioning at this, the term electrically insulating material is represented to have and is at least about 10
10A kind of material of the room temperature resistivity of ohms-cm.The electrically insulating material component of heating element heater of the present invention can be only or is mainly comprised one or more metal nitrides and/or metal oxide, perhaps alternately, the insulation component can comprise other component except that one or more metal oxides or one or more metal nitrides.For example, the insulating materials component also can comprise nitride such as aluminium nitride (AIN), silicon nitride or boron nitride, a kind of rare earth oxide (as yittrium oxide) or a kind of rare earth element oxynitride.A kind of interpolation material of preferred insulation component is aluminium nitride (AlN).
As mentioning at this, semiconductive ceramic (or " semiconductor ") is to have about 10 to 10
8The pottery of the room temperature resistivity between the ohm-cm.If semi-conductive component exists to surpass about 45v/o hot zone composition (in the scope of conductivity ceramics at about 6-10v/o), then the composition of Chan Shenging is (owing to lacking insulating materials) of electric conductivity too to applying higher voltage.On the contrary, if the existing of semi-conducting material, said composition resistance become too high (because too much insulating materials) as a result to be lower than about 10v/o (in the scope of conductivity ceramics) at about 6-10v/o.In addition, in higher conductor level, need the resistive mixes of more insulators and semiconductor portions to obtain desirable voltage.Typically, semi-conducting material comes the group that free carborundum (mix and do not mix) and boron carbide are constituted.Generally speaking preferentially select carborundum for use.
As mentioning at this, a kind of conductive material is meant to have and is lower than about 10
-2The conductive material of the room temperature resistivity of ohm-cm.If conductive component exists with the amount that has surpassed the 35v/o hot zone composition, the hot-zone component pottery of Chan Shenging then, it is too high that the electric conductivity of the pottery of generation can become.Typically, conductive material is to be selected from down group, and it constitutes: molybdenum disilicide, two tungsten silicides and nitride (as titanium nitride) and carbide (as titanium carbide).Generally speaking preferred molybdenum disilicide.
Generally speaking, preferably hot-zone (resistance area) composition comprises: (a) about 50v/o is to a kind of electrically insulating material between the 80v/o, and this insulating materials resistivity is at least about 10
10Ohm-cm; (b) about 5v/o is to a kind of semi-conducting material between about 45v/o, and the resistivity of this semi-conducting material is about 10 and about 10
8Between the ohm-cm; (c) about 5v/o is to a kind of metallic conductor of 35v/o, and this conductor material resistivity is lower than about 10
-2Ohm-cm.Preferably, the hot-zone comprises the electric insulation ceramics of 50v/o-70v/o, semiconductive ceramic and the 6v/o-16v/o conductive material of 10v/o-45v/o.A kind of concrete preferred hot-zone constituent that is used for heating element heater of the present invention comprises the MoSi of 10v/o
2, the SiC of 20v/o and the AIN or the Al of its surplus
2O
3
As discussed above, heating element heater of the present invention comprises a cold-zone that resistivity is relatively low, this cold-zone and hot-zone (resistance area) be electric connection and its allow lead-in wire is attached on the heating element heater.Preferred cold-zone is formed and is comprised by such as AlN and/or Al
2O
3Or other insulating materials; SiC or other semi-conducting materials; And MoSi
2Or other conductive material.Yet the cold-zone will be contained with the hot-zone and compare more a high proportion of conduction and semi-conducting material (as SiC and MoSi
2).A kind of preferred cold zone composition comprises the aluminium oxide of about 15v/o to 65v/o, aluminium nitride or other insulating materials; MoSi with 20v/o to 70v/o
2With SiC or other conductions, semi-conducting material, both volume ratios are from about 1: 1 to about 1: 3.For many application, more preferably, the cold-zone comprises AlN and/or the Al of about 15v/o to 50v/o
2O
3, the SiC of 15v/o to 30v/o and the MoSi of 30v/o to 70v/o
2For the ease of making, preferably, cold zone composition and hot zone composition are made up of same material, and wherein the relative quantity of semi-conducting material and conductive material is higher.
The MoSi of 20v/o to 35v/o is contained in a kind of concrete preferred cold-zone that is used for heating element heater of the present invention
2, the SiC of 45v/o to 60v/o and the AIN and/or the Al of surplus
2O
3
For any pottery composition (as insulating materials, conductive material, semi-conducting material, resistive material), the pottery composition can comprise that one or more different ceramic materials are (as SiC, metal oxide such as Al
2O
3, nitride such as AlN, Mo
2Si
2And other contain material, the SiAlON of Mo, the material that contains Ba and analog).Alternately, different pottery compositions (promptly, in an independent heating element heater, different compositions can serve as insulator, conductor and resistive (igniting) district) can comprise identical blend (a kind of binary of different ceramic materials for example of multiple ceramic material, ternary or poly-blended thing), but the relative quantity of those mixture components is different in the mixture, for example, wherein the percentage by volume of one or more compositions can differ at least 5%, 10%, 20%, 25% or 30% in corresponding different pottery compositions.
Fin or insulator can cooperate suitably with a conduction region or a hot-zone, or cooperate with both.Preferably, the electrical conductivity through the insulating regions of oversintering at room temperature is about at least 10
14Ohm-cm, the resistivity under operating temperature is at least 10
4Ohm-cm, and the intensity that has is 150MPa at least.Preferably, the resistance of an insulating regions high two orders of magnitude of specific heat area resistance at least under operating temperature (firing temperature).During suitable insulation district composition comprises in aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide and the boron nitride at least about 90v/o one or more.A kind of concrete preferred insulator composition of heating element heater of the present invention is by the AlN of 60v/o, the Al of 10v/o
2O
3And the SiC of surplus constitutes.Another (insulation) composition that preferably dispels the heat that is used for heating element heater of the present invention comprises the AlN of 80v/o and the SiC of 20v/o.
For some system, what can wish is to comprise that on electric loop the power with medium resistance increases device (power booster) or enhancement region between high resistive (heat) zone of the current-carrying part of this passage and this passage.The power with medium resistance like this increases the district to be described in the U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0150851 of Willkens.Generally speaking, power increases the district and has positive temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance (PTCR) and medium resistance, this allows i) effectively electric current flow to the hot-zone, and ii) power increases some resistance heated of distinguishing in the igniter use, though, preferably, power increase district can not be heated to as the high temperature in hot-zone in the heating element heater use.
If adopt in heating element heater, preferred power increases device district composition and can comprise and conduction region and hot zone composition identical materials, and for example, preferred power increases district's composition and can comprise as A1N and/or Al
2O
3, or other insulating materials, SiC or other semi-conducting materials and MoSi
2Or other conductive materials.Power increases device district composition and typically has conduction and semi-conducting material (as MoSi
2And SiC) a relative percentage is between the relative percentage of this ratio each material in hot-zone and cold zone composition.Preferred power increases device district composition and comprises the MoSi of about 60v/o to aluminium nitride, aluminium oxide or other insulating materials of 70v/o and about 10v/o to 20v/o
2Or a kind of semi-conducting material such as the SiC of other conductive materials and surplus.A concrete preferred power that is used for igniter of the present invention increases the MoSi that district's composition comprises 14v/o
2, the SiC of 20v/o and the Al of surplus
2O
3A power that is used for igniter of the present invention increases the MoSi that the composition of distinguishing contains 17v/o
2, the SiC of 20v/o and the Al of all the other v/o
2O
3Another the concrete preferred power that is used for igniter of the present invention increases the MoSi that district's composition comprises 14v/o
2, the SiC of 20v/o and surplus the AIN of v/o.Another the concrete preferred power that is used for igniter of the present invention increases the MoSi that district's composition comprises 17v/o
2, the SiC of 20v/o and the AIN of surplus.
Process this ceramic composition (that is, green compact and sintering condition) and make heating element heater from densified pottery and can finish by aforesaid conventional method.The United States Patent (USP) 5,191,508 of seeing the United States Patent (USP) 5,786,565 of authorizing Wilkens and authorizing people such as Axelson.
A preferred manufacture method comprises the use of injection molding technology.Thereby, for example, base components can be by will having first resistivity a kind of ceramic material (for example, can be used as the ceramic material that a kind of insulator or radiating area work) introduce in a mould element by injection moulding and form, this mould element stipulated a kind of hope such as a kind of shaft-like base shape.This base components can shift out and be placed on from this first mould among second, different mould element, and have the ceramic material of different resistivity-for example, a kind of ceramic material of conduction-can be injected in this second mould so that one or more conduction regions of this igniter element to be provided.In a similar fashion, this base components can shift out and be placed on from this second mould among another the 3rd, different mould element, and have the ceramic material of different resistivity-for example, a kind of ohmic hot-zone ceramic material-can be injected in the 3rd mould so that the one or more resistives hot-zone or the seed region of this igniter element to be provided.
Alternately, can not use a plurality of different mould elements, but the ceramic material of different resistivity is sequentially entered or inject same mould element.For example, can be (for example with a kind of first ceramic material of having pre-determined volume, can be used as the ceramic material that insulator or radiating area work) introduce in the mould element, this mould element has been stipulated a kind of base shape of hope, and a kind of second ceramic material that after this has a different resistivity can be applied to formed basis.
Ceramic material can be used as a kind of fluid formulation product and enters (injection) a kind of mould element, and these fluid formulation product comprise one or more ceramic materials, such as one or more pottery powder.
For example, the composition of ceramic powders that can prepare a kind of pulpous state or pasty state, for example can pass through one or more ceramic powders and aqueous solution, perhaps with ceramic powders and a kind of aqueous solution (this solution contain one or more easily with the miscible organic solvent of water, reach analog such as alcohols etc.) mix mutually and supply with a kind of paste.A kind of ceramic slurry composite that preferably is used to extrude can pass through one or more ceramic powders such as MoSi
2, A1
2O
3And/or AlN mixes in a kind of fluid composition of water and prepares, and this fluid composition can randomly contain one or more easily and miscible organic solvent such as a kind of cellulose ether solvent, a kind of alcohol and the analog of water.This ceramic size can also comprise other materials, one or more organic plasticizer compounds for example, or randomly comprise one or more polymer adhesives.
Multiple moulding or induce element can be used to form an igniter element, moulding or induce the configuration of element should be corresponding with the shape of the desired formation of glow plug.For example, in order to form a kind of element of rod, a kind of ceramic powders paste can be injected a kind of columniform mould element.In order to form a kind of image height igniter element that lift up or rectangular shape, can adopt a kind of mould of rectangle.
Make after one or more ceramic materials enter in the mould element, thus the ceramic component that is finalized can be suitably under being higher than such as the temperature of 50 ℃ or 60 ℃ dry time enough remove all solvents (water-based and/or organic property) carrier.
After this, heating element heater can be under being higher than such as the temperature that surpasses 1500 ℃, 1600 ℃, 1700 ℃ or 1800 ℃ by heat treatment further by densified (as, extremely greater than 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99%).Can carry out one or many heat treatment and obtain desirable final densities.
Heating element heater of the present invention can be used among many application, comprises the ignition applications such as the heating furnace of gas phase fuel, cooking apparatus, skirting board heater (baseboard heater), the igniting of water heater and table.Especially, a kind of heating element heater of the present invention can be used as the incendiary source of table gas nozzle and heating furnace.
As discussed above, it is occasion useful or that require that heating element heater of the present invention is particularly useful in quick igniting, for example is used for the igniting of rapid water heater heating fuel (combustion gas) and similarly application.Heating element heater also can be used as the glow plug of the multiple vehicles (motor vehicle, water carrier).
Following limiting examples is to explanation of the present invention.All documents are all by reference in being combined in this with its full text integral body referred in this.
Example 1: the manufacturing of heating element heater.
With a kind of resistive composition (20vol%MoSi
2, 5vol%SiC, 74%Al
2O
3And 1vol%Gd
2O
3), a kind of conductive composition (28vol%MoSi
2, 7%SiC, 64vol%Al
2O
3And 1vol%Gd
2O
3) and a kind of insulating properties composition (10vol%MoSi
2, 9vol%Al
2O
3And 1vol%Gd
2O
3) the organic bond (the approximately polyethylene of vegetable shortenings, 2wt%-4wt% polystyrene and the 2wt%-4wt% of 6wt%-8wt%) of powder 10wt%-16wt% mix, have 62vol%-64vol% (volumn concentration) amount of solid to form three parts.With pack into a plurality of machine barrels of an injector of common injection of these three parts of pastes.Then these parts are shifted out and put into second cavity from first cavity.Inject for the second time is to fill by the latter half volume that injects for the first time and cavity wall is limited with the electric conductivity paste.These parts are shifted out from second cavity put into the 3rd cavity.Inject for the third time is to fill by injecting for the first time with the resistive paste, the volume that inject the second time and cavity wall is limited, thereby form a hairpin-shaped resistor, this resistor insulated body separates and links to each other with two conduction supporting legs, has configuration as shown in Figure 5.Then with these parts at Ar or N
2In, handled 24 hours at 500 ℃ of following thermic unsticking mixture, removing residual adhesive, and be that an atmospheric ar gas environment neutral temperature is to carry out densification under 1750 ℃ the condition, to reach the 95%-97% of solid density at pressure.
The present invention is by having been described in detail with reference to its specific embodiment.Yet, if consider this disclosure, can changing within the spirit and scope of the present invention and improve, this understands those those of ordinary skill in the art.
Claims (19)
1. pottery heating element heater, this heating element heater comprises an outer conductive path and a sunk part that is used to insert a conductive lead wire.
2. the pottery heating element heater described in claim 1, wherein conduction region has a cross section of a substantial length that is used for this heating element heater, and this cross section is to be substantially equal to or greater than the cross section of the conduction region of this heating element heater base part.
3. heating element heater as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein this heating element heater has the cross sectional shape of a kind of sphering that is used at least a portion on this heating element heater length.
4. as any one described heating element heater in the claim 1 to 3, wherein this heating element heater comprises a plurality of zones with different resistivity.
5. as any one described heating element heater in the claim 1 to 4, wherein this heating element heater comprises in proper order by conduction: one first conduction region, a resistive hot-zone and one second conduction region.
6. as heating element heater as described in any one in the claim 1 to 5, wherein this heating element heater has constant substantially width at least one substantial part of this heating element heater length.
7. as any one described heating element heater in the claim 1 to 6, wherein a plurality of walls of this sunk part comprise a plurality of parts of a kind of conduction region and insulation layer.
8. heating element heater as claimed in claim 7, forming by this conduction region of the surface area of the wall of these sunk parts wherein up to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90%, and the remaining surface area of the wall of these sunk parts is formed by this insulation layer.
9. as described any one this heating element heater of claim 1 to 8, wherein this sunk part all is inside wedgewise.
10. as any one described heating element heater in the claim 1 to 9, wherein this heating element heater comprises one first conduction region and one second conduction region, and intert between the two into a more ohmic ignition zone, and the length that this first conduction region has is greater than this second conduction region.
11. heating element heater as claimed in claim 10, wherein the length of this second conduction region is not more than 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% or 10% of this first conduction region length.
12. as claim 10 or 11 described heating element heaters, wherein the electric pathway of this heating element heater extends to this seed region also subsequently to this second conduction region from this first conduction region successively.
13. as any one described heating element heater in the claim 1 to 12, this first conduction region and be not that this second conduction region contacts with this sunk part wherein.
14. the method for an igniting gaseous fuel, this method comprises: apply an electric current on as any one described heating element heater in the claim 1 to 13.
15. a kind of method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the nominal voltage of this electric current is 6,8,10,12,24,120,220,230 or 240 volts.
16. a heater comprises as any one described a kind of heating element heater in the claim 1 to 13.
17. device as claimed in claim 16, wherein this device is the culinary art unit, and this culinary art unit comprises a kind of igniting element.
18. device as claimed in claim 16, wherein this device is a kind of glow plug.
19. device as claimed in claim 16, wherein this device is a kind of glow plug of the vehicles.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US938107P | 2007-12-29 | 2007-12-29 | |
| US61/009381 | 2007-12-29 | ||
| PCT/US2008/014094 WO2009085311A1 (en) | 2007-12-29 | 2008-12-29 | Ceramic heating elements |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101939592A true CN101939592A (en) | 2011-01-05 |
Family
ID=40824611
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008801263736A Pending CN101939592A (en) | 2007-12-29 | 2008-12-29 | Ceramic heating elements |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090173729A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2232144A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2011508950A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20100093598A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101939592A (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0821671A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2711015A1 (en) |
| MX (1) | MX2010007139A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009085311A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009096477A1 (en) * | 2008-01-29 | 2009-08-06 | Kyocera Corporation | Ceramic heater and glow plug |
| WO2011052624A1 (en) * | 2009-10-27 | 2011-05-05 | 京セラ株式会社 | Ceramic heater |
| US9097734B2 (en) * | 2012-01-04 | 2015-08-04 | Amphenol Thermometrics, Inc. | Ceramic heating device |
| US9113501B2 (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2015-08-18 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Variable pitch resistance coil heater |
| KR20200143691A (en) | 2018-03-27 | 2020-12-24 | 에스씨피 홀딩스 언 어숨드 비지니스 네임 오브 나이트라이드 이그나이터스 엘엘씨 | High temperature surface igniter for cooktop |
| CN112573926A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-30 | 无锡海古德新技术有限公司 | Aluminum nitride conductor material and aluminum nitride full-ceramic heating structure device |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2421370A (en) * | 1944-04-29 | 1947-06-03 | Herman Nelson Corp | Combustion chamber structure for heat exchangers |
| US3307529A (en) * | 1964-10-23 | 1967-03-07 | Fostoria Fannon Inc | Radiant heater arrangement |
| US3926172A (en) * | 1974-10-29 | 1975-12-16 | Raytheon Co | Electric igniter for gas burners |
| CH624509A5 (en) * | 1980-05-30 | 1981-07-31 | Espada Anstalt | |
| JPS60216484A (en) * | 1984-04-09 | 1985-10-29 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | Ceramic heater |
| CH681186A5 (en) * | 1989-11-09 | 1993-01-29 | Battelle Memorial Institute | |
| US5191508A (en) * | 1992-05-18 | 1993-03-02 | Norton Company | Ceramic igniters and process for making same |
| US5498855A (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1996-03-12 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Electrically powered ceramic composite heater |
| JP3228581B2 (en) * | 1992-12-24 | 2001-11-12 | 京セラ株式会社 | Ceramic heater |
| JP3269253B2 (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 2002-03-25 | 株式会社デンソー | Ceramic heater |
| US6351060B1 (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2002-02-26 | Uwe Harneit | Moisture-resistant igniter for a gas burner |
| US6664514B1 (en) * | 2000-07-10 | 2003-12-16 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Igniter shock mounting device and methods related thereto |
| JP4597352B2 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2010-12-15 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Ceramic heater |
| PT1366324E (en) * | 2001-03-05 | 2016-01-12 | Coorstek Inc | Ceramic igniters |
| US6610964B2 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2003-08-26 | Stephen J. Radmacher | Multi-layer ceramic heater |
| US6933471B2 (en) * | 2001-08-18 | 2005-08-23 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Ceramic igniters with sealed electrical contact portion |
| JP4553530B2 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2010-09-29 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of ceramic heater |
| US7106167B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2006-09-12 | Heetronix | Stable high temperature sensor system with tungsten on AlN |
| JP4153849B2 (en) * | 2003-08-27 | 2008-09-24 | 京セラ株式会社 | Ceramic heater and glow plug using the same |
| JP4761723B2 (en) * | 2004-04-12 | 2011-08-31 | 日本碍子株式会社 | Substrate heating device |
| WO2006050201A2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-11 | Saint-Gobain Corporation | Ceramic igniters |
| JP2008530489A (en) * | 2005-02-05 | 2008-08-07 | サン−ゴバン セラミックス アンド プラスティクス，インコーポレイティド | Ceramic igniter |
| US20070107642A1 (en) * | 2005-11-14 | 2007-05-17 | Johnson J E | Fuel ignition systems |
| EP2033490A2 (en) * | 2006-05-09 | 2009-03-11 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics and Plastics, Inc. | Ceramic heating elements |
-
2008
- 2008-12-29 EP EP08867380A patent/EP2232144A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-29 CA CA2711015A patent/CA2711015A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-29 US US12/317,925 patent/US20090173729A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-12-29 WO PCT/US2008/014094 patent/WO2009085311A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-12-29 KR KR1020107015505A patent/KR20100093598A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-12-29 JP JP2010540675A patent/JP2011508950A/en active Pending
- 2008-12-29 MX MX2010007139A patent/MX2010007139A/en unknown
- 2008-12-29 BR BRPI0821671-1A patent/BRPI0821671A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-12-29 CN CN2008801263736A patent/CN101939592A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2711015A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| BRPI0821671A2 (en) | 2015-06-16 |
| MX2010007139A (en) | 2010-08-11 |
| WO2009085311A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| EP2232144A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| US20090173729A1 (en) | 2009-07-09 |
| KR20100093598A (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| JP2011508950A (en) | 2011-03-17 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101600906B (en) | Ceramic igniters | |
| US20070295709A1 (en) | Ceramic heating elements | |
| CN101939592A (en) | Ceramic heating elements | |
| US20070295708A1 (en) | Ceramic heating elements | |
| CN101115956B (en) | Ceramic igniters | |
| CN101960223A (en) | Coaxial ceramic igniter and methods of fabrication | |
| JP2010506130A (en) | Ceramic heating element | |
| US20060186107A1 (en) | Ceramic igniters | |
| CN101874182A (en) | Heating element systems |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C02 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application after publication (patent law 2001) | ||
| WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |
Open date: 20110105 |