CN101939517A - Method and apparatus for exhaust aftertreatment in a spark-ignition direct-injection internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for exhaust aftertreatment in a spark-ignition direct-injection internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101939517A
CN101939517A CN2009801045011A CN200980104501A CN101939517A CN 101939517 A CN101939517 A CN 101939517A CN 2009801045011 A CN2009801045011 A CN 2009801045011A CN 200980104501 A CN200980104501 A CN 200980104501A CN 101939517 A CN101939517 A CN 101939517A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
exhaust
treatment system
converter component
control module
equipment according
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Application number
CN2009801045011A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101939517B (en
Inventor
W·李
K·纳拉亚纳斯瓦米
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Abstract

The disclosure sets forth a spark-ignition, direct-fuel injection internal combustion engine selectively operative at an air/fuel ratio lean of stoichiometry and fluidly connected to an exhaust aftertreatment system. The exhaust aftertreatment system consists essentially of an electro-thermal heating element adjoining a converter element. A control system comprising a control module is signally connected to a sensing device and adapted to monitor a temperature of the converter element and operatively connected to the engine and operative to connect the electro-thermal heating element to an electric power source.

Description

The method and apparatus of the exhaust aftertreatment of spark-ignition direct-injection internal-combustion engine
Technical field
The present invention relates to the exhaust after treatment system of spark-ignition direct-injection internal-combustion engine.
Background technique
Known after-treatment system with the spark-ignition internal combustion engine that is leaner than stoichiometric proportion operation comprises one or more triple effect catalytic converters that next-door neighbour's motor is installed and the NO that is installed in the base plate upper/lower positions XThe adsorber converter, NO XThe adsorber converter is also referred to as rare NO XGrabber (LNT device hereinafter referred to as).Known triple effect catalytic converter is in order to reduce HC, CO and the NO that motor is discharged during the cold start and during the stoichiometric proportion power operation XEffulent.By adsorbing NO in rare operation period XAnd dense operation period with the NO that is stored XDesorb and be reduced to nitrogen, known LNT device reduces NO in rare power operation manipulate XEffulent.Known LNT device has from about 250 ℃ to 450 ℃ operating temperature range, and efficient reduces above and below described temperature range the time.When being exposed to about 850 ℃ exhaust gas feedstream temperature, known LNT device is through heat damage, thus the efficient of reduction LNT device.The efficient of known LNT device may reduce owing to being exposed to the composition (comprising sulphur) that exists in the fuel.
Summary of the invention
A kind of equipment comprises the spark-ignition direct-injection internal-combustion engine, and exhaust after treatment system is optionally operated and directly be connected to fluid to described internal combustion function with the air/fuel ratio that is leaner than stoichiometric proportion.Described exhaust after treatment system mainly comprises the electric heating heating element in abutting connection with converter component, wherein, does not have other exhaust gas post-treatment device to be arranged between motor and the exhaust after treatment system.Thereby control system comprises control module, and described control module signal ground is connected to the sensing device that is suitable for monitoring the converter component temperature, and functionally is connected to motor and can operates the electric heating heating element is connected to electric power source.
Description of drawings
By example one or more embodiments is described referring now to accompanying drawing, in the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 and 2 is the schematic representation according to motor of the present invention and exhaust after treatment system.
Embodiment
With reference now to accompanying drawing,, content shown in it only is for some illustrative embodiments is described, but not in order to be limited to this, Fig. 1 and 2 schematically shows internal-combustion engine 10, control module 5 and the exhaust after treatment system 45 of structure according to the embodiment of the present invention.In an embodiment, identical reference character is represented components identical.This paper describes four embodiments of exhaust after treatment system 45, is called 45A, 45B, 45C and 45D.Exemplary engine 10 comprises the multi-cylinder spark-ignition direct-injection quartastroke engine with the repetition burn cycle operation that comprises air inlet, compression, acting and exhaust stroke.Motor 10 is optionally with stoichiometric proportion air/fuel ratio and the air/fuel ratio operation that is leaner than stoichiometric proportion basically.The present invention can be applicable to various internal-combustion engine systems and burn cycle.
Motor 10 comprises a plurality of cylinders, and cylinder has reciprocating piston 14 and the cylinder head 15 that can slide and move in cylinder.Cylinder, piston 14 and cylinder head 15 limit ECC Expansion Combustion Chamber 16.Each piston 14 is connected to rotary crankshaft 12, and the linear reciprocating motion of piston 14 converts rotatablely moving of bent axle 12 places to by rotary crankshaft 12.The rotational position and the speed of crankshaft sensor 13 monitoring bent axles 12.The air mass flow that one or more suction valve 20 controls enter each firing chamber 16 from gas-entered passageway 29.One or more outlet valves 18 are controlled from each firing chamber 16 via the extraction flow of exhaust passage 39 to gas exhaust manifold 40.Twin cam shaft (as shown in the figure) control is preferably used in the opening and closing of suction valve 20 and outlet valve 18, and the rotation of twin cam shaft comes association and index by the rotation of bent axle 12.
The air inlet system offers intake manifold 30 with inlet air, and intake manifold 30 is with the air guiding and be assigned to gas-entered passageway 29, and gas-entered passageway 29 leads to firing chamber 16 through suction valve 20 (when opening).The air inlet system comprises the air stream pipeline and the device of the air mass flow that is used to monitor and be controlled to gas-entered passageway 29.Described device preferably includes the air mass flow sensor 32 that is used to monitor MAF and intake air temperature.Throttler valve 34 preferably includes electric control device, and (ETC) is controlled to engine air capacity in response to the control signal that comes from control module 5.Pressure transducer 36 in the intake manifold 30 is suitable for monitoring manifold absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure.The outer flow channels (not shown) 39 is recycled to intake manifold 30 with exhaust from the exhaust passage, and outer flow channels has flow control valve, comprises exhaust-gas-recirculation valve 38 (EGR valve hereinafter referred to as).EGR valve 38 preferably includes controlled variable flow rate valve, by control signal (EGR) control from control module 5 outputs.
Fuel injection system comprises a plurality of fuel injectors 28, and each fuel injector 28 is suitable in response to the control signal that comes from control module 5 (INJ PW) the fuel direct injection of certain mass being advanced in the firing chamber 16.Fuel injector 28 is from fuel dispensing system (not shown) supply pressurized fuel.Each fuel injector 28 can be operated fuel mass is ejected in the firing chamber 16 with the form of each burn cycle individual pulse or with the form of a plurality of pulses of each burn cycle.During each reinstates cylinder events,, in each firing chamber 16, form cylinder charge by in conjunction with burner oil, inlet air and remnants and exhaust gas recirculation.
Combustion regime in the combustion sensor 24 preferred monitoring firing chambers 16.
Spark ignition system comprises the ignition module (not shown), and spark plug 26 produces spark energy in response to the fire signal that comes from control module 5 (IGN) in firing chamber 16, with igniting or help igniting cylinder charge.Under the specific operation condition, spark ignition system can be disabled, thereby allow the controlled-auto-ignition operation of motor 10.
Be connected to exhaust escape pipe 48 gas exhaust manifold 40 fluids, be connected to exhaust after treatment system 45 exhaust escape pipe 48 direct fluids.That is, there is not other exhaust gas post-treatment device (for example, the three-way catalyst of close-coupled) to place between motor and the exhaust after treatment system 45.Exhaust gas feedstream flows to exhaust escape pipe 48 from the outlet valve 18 of motor 10 by gas exhaust manifold 40, directly arrives exhaust after treatment system 45, and preferably passes through noise attenuation system (not shown) to atmosphere.The exhaust gas feedstream that first sensor 42 monitoring motors are discharged, the air/fuel that preferred monitoring can be discharged with motor is than the exhaust gas composition of relevant parameter state and motor discharge.
Exhaust after treatment system 45 is preferably placed in the position under the vehicle floor outside the vehicle engine compartments, make the converter component 46 of exhaust after treatment system 45 be positioned at intended distance place, do not have other exhaust gas post-treatment device to place between motor and the exhaust after treatment system 45 apart from outlet valve 18.At given application, determine intended distance apart from outlet valve 18, make the exhaust gas feedstream temperature that during normal, enters converter component 46 less than about 750 ℃.Thereby, under normal, refer to the realized speed/load operating point and the Controllable Air/fuel ratio that comprise motor 10.Engine speed can be from engine idle speed to the motor red line scope of (usually about 600RPM to 7000+RPM), engine loading can be from the close the throttle situation to the scope of wide unlatching closure situation, for example, to the scope greater than 13bar, the air/fuel ratio can be from dense air/fuel than the scope to the operation of lean air/fuel ratio from 0bar for BMEP.For example, in an application, converter component 46 places apart from the about 0.7 meter distance of the outlet valve 18 of motor 10, so that guarantee in normal and keep entering the exhaust gas feedstream temperature of converter component 46 less than about 750 ℃ during the wide unlatching throttle operation.Normal has been got rid of in existence and has been caused misfiring in one or more firing chambers 16 or the power operation under the situation of fuel supplying not.
The exhaust gas feedstream in second sensor, 50 monitoring exhaust after treatment system, 45 downstreams.The monitoring of exhaust gas feedstream comprises, for example, the air/fuel that monitoring can be discharged with motor than relevant parameter state, monitor the composition of exhaust gas feedstream or monitor the operating characteristics (for example, temperature) of exhaust after treatment system 45.Second sensor, the 50 preferred output signals that produce by control module 5 monitorings.Can be used for control and diagnosis motor 10 and exhaust after treatment system 45 from the signal of second sensor, 50 outputs.
The 3rd sensor 53 preferably includes temperature transducer, is arranged in converter component 46, is used to monitor its operating temperature.The 3rd sensor 52 preferred output signals that produce by control module 5 monitorings.
Heating element 44 preferably includes electric heater, comprises the resistance metal paper tinsel substrate with cellular structure, and described cellular structure has a plurality of circulation honeycombs.The density of circulation honeycomb is every square centimeter in 16-186 honeycomb (the 100-1200 honeycomb per square inch) preferably approximately.Electric current is by electrode 47 process heating elements 44.Electric current by electrode 47 is controlled via current control device 49.Current control device 49 preferably includes the high-power switchgear device, for example, power transistor, the electric power (V+) that will come from vehicle electrical systems in response to the control signal (EHC PWM) from control module 5 outputs is connected to electrode 47.Heating element 44 passes to exhaust gas feedstream with conduction heat with heat via the radiation that passes to the exhaust gas feedstream that is in contact with it.The preferred chemical deposits of coating that comprises catalytically-active materials is on the surface of the metal foil substrate of heating element 44, and catalytically-active materials is platinum group metal (PGM hereinafter referred to as) for example, for example Pt, Pd and Rh.
First embodiment of exhaust after treatment system 45A comprises heating element 44 and converter component 46.There is not other exhaust gas post-treatment device to place between motor and the exhaust after treatment system 45B.Converter component 46 comprises catalyzing N O XAdsorber, wherein, the substrate (not shown) (is called rare NO with catalytically-active materials XReducing catalyst) coating.Substrate preferably includes the monolithic element that the steinheilite by every square centimeter in about 62-93 honeycomb of cellular densities (400-600 honeycomb per square inch) and wall thickness 3 to 7 mils forms.The honeycomb of substrate comprises flow channel, blast air through described flow channel with the contact catalysis active material, with the absorption that realizes nitrate and the oxidation and the reduction of the composition in desorb, oxygen storage and the exhaust gas feedstream.Substrate preferably applies with the coating that contains alkali and/or alkaline earth metal compound (for example Ba and K), can operate NO XThe nitrate of desorb for during rare power operation, producing.Coating can also comprise catalytically-active materials (for example PGM comprises Pt, Pd and Rh) and additive (for example, Ce, Zr and La).Under dense power operation, have excessive reductant (CO, H2, HC) in the exhaust gas feedstream, and adsorbed nitrate is by desorb.The nitrate of desorb is reduced by the excessive reductant at catalytic activity position.The example load of Ba and K is about 5-25wt%, and exemplary PGM load is: Pt:30-120g/ft3; Pd:5-50g/ft3; Rh:3-20g/ft3.Need platinum that NO is oxidized to NO2, as the NO of motor discharge XThe steps necessary that forms nitrate generally includes＞90% NO.Converter component 46 (comprises catalyzing N O XAdsorber) exemplary operation temperature window is from about 250 ℃ to 500 ℃.Less than about 250 ℃ converter component 46 temperature the time, NO to NO2 oxidation power can be crossed the nitrate in the oxidation exhaust gas feedstream slowly and effectively, at the NO that is richer than under the power operation of stoichiometric proportion XAlso motive force is crossed slow and the NO that can not regenerate timely and effectively during the power operation that continues XStores location.Greater than about 500 ℃ temperature the time, it is unstable that nitrate becomes, even also be so being leaner than under the power operation of stoichiometric proportion, makes converter component 46 can not store nitrate effectively.Thereby, converter component 46 is remained in the operating temperature window for carrying out NO with the required level of realization emissions object XReduction is expected.Coating is adsorbed NO during rare power operation XMolecule, and during producing the power operation of dense exhaust gas feedstream desorb and reductive NO X Molecule.Control module 5 is optionally controlled motor 10 with dense air/fuel ratio in the certain hour section.The time period of dense operation is based on from the adsorbed NO of converter component 46 desorbs XThe required transit time, determine based on the size of converter component 46 and based on other factors.When having PGM and Ce and Zr coating composition, converter component 46 is used as three-way catalyst when the stoichiometric proportion engine operating condition.
Second embodiment of exhaust after treatment system 45B comprises heating element 44 and converter component 46 '.At this,, there is not other exhaust gas post-treatment device to place between motor and the exhaust after treatment system 45B as other embodiment.Converter component 46 ' comprises particulate filter and rare NO XReducing catalyst combines, and is also referred to as particulate filter NO XReduction device (PNR).The ceramic bases (not shown) preferably includes the monomer cordierite substrates of every square centimeter in about 31-47 honeycomb of cellular densities (200-300 honeycomb per square inch) and wall thickness 3 to 7 mils.The alternately honeycomb of substrate at one end stops up.The wall of substrate has high porosity (for example, about 55% porosity ratio or higher, wherein, about 25 microns of average cell size) to allow flowing and NO of exhaust XThe infiltration of adsorber catalyzer.Ceramic bases preferably applies with the coating that contains alkali and alkaline earth metal compound (for example Ba and K), can operate NO XBe stored as the nitrate that produces during the power operation of stoichiometric proportion being leaner than.Coating can also comprise catalytically-active materials (be PGM, comprise Pt, Pd and Rh) and additive (for example, Ce, Zr and La).
The 3rd embodiment and the 4th embodiment of system are shown in Figure 2.The 3rd embodiment and the 4th embodiment do not have other exhaust gas post-treatment device to place between motor and corresponding exhaust after treatment system 45C or the 45D yet.The 3rd embodiment of exhaust after treatment system 45C comprises heating element 44, comprises rare NO XThe converter component 46 of reducing catalyst and selective catalytic reduction device 60.The 4th embodiment of exhaust after treatment system 45D comprises heating element 44, comprises particulate filter NO XThe converter component 46 ' of reduction device and selective catalytic reduction device 60.Selective catalytic reduction device 60 comprises zeolite catalyst, and zeolite catalyst comprises with having Cu and the coating of Fe one of the ceramic bases that apply of ion exchange in the zeolite trellis work.Substrate comprises the monomer structure of every square centimeter in about 62-93 honeycomb of cellular densities (400-600 honeycomb per square inch) and wall thickness 3 to 7 mils.Selective catalytic reduction device 60 is used to be adsorbed on the rare NO of regeneration XThe gaseous ammonia that discharges during the reducing catalyst.But each can comprise the four-sensor 50 ' of the exhaust gas feedstream in operation monitoring selective catalytic reduction device 60 downstreams the 3rd embodiment and the 4th embodiment.The monitoring of exhaust gas feedstream comprises, for example, the air/fuel that monitoring can be discharged with motor than relevant parameter state, monitor the composition of exhaust gas feedstream or monitor the operating characteristics (for example, temperature) of exhaust after treatment system 45.Four-sensor 50 ' the preferred output signal that produces by control module 5 monitorings, described output signal can be used for control and diagnosis motor 10, exhaust after treatment system 45 and selective catalytic reduction device 60.Four-sensor 50 ' can be used in combination with second sensor 50, perhaps replaces second sensor 50 and uses.
Control module 5 preferably includes general purpose digital computer, general purpose digital computer comprises that microprocessor or central processing unit, storage medium (comprise nonvolatile memory, random-access memory (ram), nonvolatile memory comprises ROM (read-only memory) (ROM) and EPROM (EPROM)), high-frequency clock, modulus (D/A) and digital-to-analogue (A/D) circuit, input/output circuitry and device (I/O) and appropriate signal are regulated and the buffering circuit.Control module 5 has one group of control algorithm, and described control algorithm comprises and is stored in the nonvolatile memory and is performed resident program instructions and calibration value with the function separately that is provided for controlling motor 10.Described algorithm is performed in predetermined cycle period usually and makes each algorithm be performed once at least in each circulation.Algorithm is carried out by central processing unit, but thereby and operation monitoring from the input of aforementioned sensing device and carry out control and diagnostic routine is controlled the operation of actuator with predetermined calibration value.During the motor and vehicle operating that continue to carry out, circulation is performed for for example per 3.125,6.25,12.5,25 and 100 milliseconds with the rule interval usually.Alternatively, algorithm can be performed in response to the generation of incident.
In the operation, control module 5 monitorings come from the input of sensor as aforementioned to determine the engine parameter state.Control module 5 is carried out the algorithmic code that is stored in wherein, form cylinder charge to control aforementioned actuator, comprise EGR valve position and air inlet and/or the outlet valve timing and the phasing (on the motor of so outfit) of control throttle position, spark ignition timing, fuel injection mass and timing, control exhaust gas recirculation flow.During continuing vehicle operating, control module 5 can be operated and be opened and closed motor 10, and can operate one or more firing chambers 16 of optionally stopping using by control fuel and spark.
Motor 10 is preferably operated to be leaner than stoichiometric proportion under low load driving condition and idling, and operates with stoichiometric proportion under the high speed high load condition.In rare operation period, for gasoline, motor preferably is controlled as about 25: 1 to 40: 1 air/fuel.In (for example after cold start-up) during the engine warms,, can realize the exhaust gas feedstream temperature that raises by regularly operating motor 10 with a plurality of fuel impulses of each combustion incident to postpone spark.Based on predetermined condition (for example, when the temperature of the 3rd sensor 52 indication converter components 46 during) less than the preferred temperature of optimum efficiency, control module 5 can be controlled motor 10 and operate heating element 44 with rising exhaust gas feedstream temperature and by actuating current control gear 49, with thermal conversion device element 46 apace.
Control module 5 execution algorithm codes are to determine the exhaust gas feedstream parameter state based on the output of first sensor 42 and the predetermined calibration value that is stored in the storage arrangement of control module 5, with the operation of control motor 10 and monitoring motor 10.
Control module 5 execution algorithm codes, determine the state of exhaust gas feedstream parameter and exhaust after treatment system 45 with the predetermined calibration value in the storage arrangement of exporting and be stored in control module 5 based on the signal of first sensor 42, second sensor 50, the 3rd sensor 52, four-sensor 50 ' (in use), operation with monitoring motor 10 and exhaust after treatment system 45 comprises engine control and diagnosis.
In operation, start with ato unit 10 after, the operation of control module 5 control motors 10 and the operation of current control device 49 are with thermal exhaust after-treatment system 45.This preferably includes at each combustion incident and uses a plurality of fuel injection pulses to operate motor 10 to each firing chamber 16, and postpones spark ignition regularly to increase the temperature of exhaust gas feedstream.Simultaneously, control module 5 control current control devices 49 are to give heating element 44 with electric power transmission.This is called the catalyzer heating mode.Control module 5 monitorings come from the signal input of the 3rd sensor 52, and when the temperature of the 3rd sensor 52 indication converter components 46 (for example surpasses predetermined threshold, about 300 ℃) time, control module 5 is ended control current control device 49, and with the operation of normal pattern control motor 10, with optimization power and fuel economy, and end the catalyzer heating mode.When the vehicle that is used for can motor stopping/opening the pattern operation (for example, on the vehicle that adopts mixed power system), control module 5 can repeatedly be started during single stroke and ato unit 10.
The transformation efficiency of converter component 46 may reduce owing to sulphur is deposited on the surface of catalyst substrate.Form the compound (for example, alkali and alkaline earth metal compound) of stablizing nitrate and form stable sulphate.Thereby, the NO in the converter component 46 XForm sulphate during the sulfur-containing compound of storage component in being exposed to blast air, thereby reduce its NO XStorage capacity.Remove sulphur from converter component 46 by the process that is called desulfurization, desulfurization is ordered termly based on the Sulpher content in engine operating condition and the fuel.Sweetening process comprises the operation of control motor 10 and heating element 44, with the temperature (usually greater than about 700 ℃) that converter component 46 is heated to rising, and converter component 46 is exposed to dense exhaust gas feedstream.Heating element 44 and motor are controlled to realize elevated temperature and dense air/fuel than exhaust gas feedstream in the certain hour section, preferably to make converter component 46 desulfurization under the situation that does not influence engine output torque.
The present invention has described some preferred embodiment and modification thereof.After reading and understanding specification, can expect other modification and variation.Thereby the present invention is not intended to be limited to be used to implement the disclosed specific embodiment of optimal mode that the present invention conceives, and the present invention will comprise all embodiments that fall in the claims scope.

Claims (20)

1. equipment comprises:
Exhaust after treatment system is optionally operated and directly be connected to fluid to spark-ignition direct-injection internal-combustion engine, described internal combustion function with the air/fuel ratio that is leaner than stoichiometric proportion;
Exhaust after treatment system, described exhaust after treatment system mainly comprise the electric heating heating element in abutting connection with converter component, wherein, do not have other exhaust gas post-treatment device to be arranged between motor and the exhaust after treatment system; And
Control system, described control system comprises control module, described control module signal ground is connected to the sensing device that is suitable for monitoring the converter component temperature, and functionally is connected to motor and can operates the electric heating heating element is connected to electric power source.
2. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, exhaust after treatment system is positioned at a distance apart from motor, makes the temperature of the exhaust gas feedstream that enters converter component during normal less than 750 ℃.
3. equipment according to claim 2, wherein, converter component is positioned at apart from the distance of 0.7 meter of the outlet valve of internal-combustion engine at least.
4. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, converter component comprises ceramic bases, and described ceramic bases has coating, described coating comprise the metal that constitutes by platinum, palladium and rhodium and the alkali that constitutes by one of barium and potassium and/or alkaline earth metal compound at least a.
5. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, control module can be operated the control current control device, the electric heating heating element is being connected to electric power source from the temperature of the signal indication converter component of sensing device output during less than predetermined threshold.
6. equipment according to claim 5, wherein, control module can be operated optionally with the air/fuel that is richer than stoichiometric air/fuel ratio than controlling combustion engine and can operate the electric heating heating element is connected to electric power source, be controlled to be about 700 ℃ with the exhaust gas feedstream temperature that will enter converter component in the section at the fixed time, so that make the converter component desulfurization.
7. equipment according to claim 5, wherein, when tail-off during lasting vehicle operating, control module can be operated optionally the electric heating heating element is connected to electric power source.
8. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, in the certain hour section, control module can be operated optionally with the stoichiometric proportion air/fuel than controlling combustion engine, and the described time period is determined with from the converter component adsorbed NO of desorb roughly X
9. equipment according to claim 1, wherein, the electric heating heating element comprises the metal platinum substrate, described metal platinum substrate has chemical deposits to its lip-deep coating.
10. equipment according to claim 9, wherein, coating comprises catalytically-active materials.
11. an equipment comprises:
Exhaust after treatment system is optionally operated and directly be connected to fluid to spark-ignition direct-injection internal-combustion engine, described internal combustion function with the air/fuel ratio that is leaner than stoichiometric proportion;
Exhaust after treatment system, described exhaust after treatment system mainly comprises in abutting connection with catalyzing N O XThe electric heating heating element of adsorber device wherein, does not have other exhaust gas post-treatment device to be arranged between motor and the exhaust after treatment system; And
Control system, described control system comprises control module, described control module signal ground is connected to the sensing device that is suitable for monitoring the converter component temperature, and functionally is connected to motor and can operates the electric heating heating element is connected to electric power source.
12. equipment according to claim 11, wherein, catalyzing N O XThe adsorber device comprises the monomer substrate, and described monomer substrate has coating, and described coating comprises at least a in the metal that is made of platinum, palladium and rhodium and comprises the alkali metal compound that is made of one of barium and potassium.
13. equipment according to claim 11, wherein, in the certain hour section, control module can be operated optionally with the stoichiometric proportion air/fuel than controlling combustion engine, and the described time period is based on from the adsorbed NO of converter component desorb XDetermine.
14. an equipment comprises:
Exhaust after treatment system is optionally operated and directly be connected to fluid to the direct fuel-injected internal combustion engine of spark ignition, described internal combustion function with the air/fuel ratio that is leaner than stoichiometric proportion;
Exhaust after treatment system, described exhaust after treatment system mainly comprises in abutting connection with particulate filter NO XThe electric heating heating element of reducing catalyst wherein, does not have other exhaust gas post-treatment device to be arranged between motor and the exhaust after treatment system; And
Control system, described control system comprises control module, described control module signal ground is connected to the sensing device that is suitable for monitoring the converter component temperature, and functionally is connected to motor and can operates the electric heating heating element is connected to electric power source.
15. equipment according to claim 14, wherein, control module can be operated optionally with the air/fuel that is richer than stoichiometric air/fuel ratio than controlling combustion engine and can operate the electric heating heating element is connected to electric power source, be controlled to be about 700 ℃ with the exhaust gas feedstream temperature that will enter converter component in the certain hour section, the described time period is determined to remove carbon from converter component.
16. an equipment comprises:
Exhaust after treatment system is optionally operated and directly be connected to fluid to spark-ignition direct-injection internal-combustion engine, described internal combustion function with the air/fuel ratio that is leaner than stoichiometric proportion;
Exhaust after treatment system, described exhaust after treatment system mainly comprise in abutting connection with the electric heating heating element of converter component and selective catalytic reduction element wherein, not having other exhaust gas post-treatment device to be arranged between motor and the exhaust after treatment system; And
Control system, described control system comprises control module, described control module signal ground is connected to the sensing device that is suitable for monitoring the converter component temperature, and functionally is connected to motor and can operates the electric heating heating element is connected to electric power source.
17. equipment according to claim 16, wherein, exhaust after treatment system is positioned at apart from motor a distance, makes the temperature of the exhaust gas feedstream that enters converter component during normal less than 750 ℃.
18. equipment according to claim 17, wherein, converter component comprises particulate filter NO XReducing catalyst and catalyzing N O XA kind of in the adsorber device.
19. equipment according to claim 17, wherein, the selective catalytic reduction element comprises substrate, and described substrate has zeolite and coating has one of copper and iron.
20. equipment according to claim 19, wherein, but control system also comprises the sensing device of the exhaust gas feedstream in operation monitoring exhaust after treatment system downstream.
CN2009801045011A 2008-02-08 2009-02-04 Method and apparatus for exhaust aftertreatment in a spark-ignition direct-injection internal combustion engine Expired - Fee Related CN101939517B (en)

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US12/028,224 US20090199547A1 (en) 2008-02-08 2008-02-08 Method and apparatus for exhaust aftertreatment in a spark-ignition direct-injection internal combustion engine
US12/028224 2008-02-08
PCT/US2009/032996 WO2009100086A2 (en) 2008-02-08 2009-02-04 Method and apparatus for exhaust aftertreatment in a spark-ignition direct-injection internal combustion engine

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