CN101935852A - Inertial electrode low-temperature aluminium electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Inertial electrode low-temperature aluminium electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN101935852A CN101935852A CN 201010298639 CN201010298639A CN101935852A CN 101935852 A CN101935852 A CN 101935852A CN 201010298639 CN201010298639 CN 201010298639 CN 201010298639 A CN201010298639 A CN 201010298639A CN 101935852 A CN101935852 A CN 101935852A
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- inert anode
- cermet inert
- monomer
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Abstract
The invention discloses an inertial electrode low-temperature aluminium electrolytic cell comprising a electrolytic cell body, a metallic ceramic inertial anode, a wettable cathode and a low-temperature electrolyte, wherein, the wettable cathode is arranged at the bottom of the electrolytic cell body; the low-temperature electrolyte is arranged in the electrolytic cell body; the metallic ceramic inertial anode is arranged at the upper part of the electrolytic cell body, and end part of the metallic ceramic inertial anode extends into the low-temperature electrolyte; the metallic ceramic inertial anode is composed of at least two groups of metal ceramic inertial anode sets; each metallic ceramic inertial anode set is composed of at least two metallic ceramic inertial anode monomers; the metallic ceramic inertial anode sets and the metal ceramic inertial anode monomers in the same metal ceramic inertial anode sets are both in electrical parallel connection. The inertial electrode low-temperature aluminium electrolytic cell has reasonable structure, simple and convenient operation, stable operation, less oxygen discharge and small aluminium liquid fluctuation, low electrolytic cell voltage, low operation temperature and less energy consumption, and is suitable for industrial application.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of aluminium cell, be meant the noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove of a kind of comprehensive employing inert anode, wettability negative electrode and low-temperature electrolytes especially; Belong to technical field of aluminum electrolysis.
Background technology
Tradition Hall-Ai Lutefa (Hall-H é roult) aluminum electrolysis process is the unique method of industrial aluminium metallurgy always, but adopts carbon anode will produce greenhouse gases carbonic acid gas and deleterious fluoride gas in electrolytic process, and is unfavorable to environment.And carbon anode constantly consumes, and the regular anode that more renews, and not only the normal operation generation fluctuation to electrolyzer also causes labor strength big, in addition, also needs the plain production plant of special charcoal to carry out anodic production.Common charcoal piece, semi-graphite or graphitized charcoal piece that the conventional aluminum electrolyzer is adopted are as negative electrode, these materials are bad to the wettability of aluminium liquid, be subject to the especially erosion of sodium of electrolyte melt, impel the charcoal cathode volume to expand and the crack, cause the breakage of electrolyzer to reduce cell life, therefore, to improve the wettability of negative electrode to aluminium liquid, slow down the infiltration of electrolyte melt and sodium, the prolongation cell life is a purpose, and the wettability cathode technique becomes great technical progress of electrolytic aluminum research field in recent years.At present, low-temperature electrolytic is considered to the energy-saving and cost-reducing approach of the aluminium electrolytic industry of tool potentiality, and it can reduce the thermosteresis of electrolyzer, improves current efficiency, thereby reduces the production cost of primary aluminum.Domestic part Study personnel reduce the electrolyte primary crystal temperature and realize low-temperature electrolytic jointly by strengthening the insulation of electrolyzer sidepiece by adding lithium salts, but this ionogen can cause corrosion to carbon electrode, the early damage that causes electrolyzer is so real low-temperature electrolytic must have being used of inert anode, inert cathode and low-temperature electrolytes to realize.
Summary of the invention
The expendable carbon anode that the objective of the invention is to adopt at existing aluminium cell, the contaminate environment that causes with traditional carbonaceous negative electrode of aluminium liquid wettability difference and existing electrolyte system and the shortcoming of high energy consumption provide the noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove of a kind of comprehensive employing inert anode, wettability negative electrode and low-temperature electrolytes.
For addressing the above problem, a kind of noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis of the present invention groove is to adopt following proposal to realize:
A kind of noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove comprises cell body, cermet inert anode, wettability negative electrode, low-temperature electrolytes; Described wettability negative electrode is arranged on described cell body bottom; Described low-temperature electrolytes is arranged in the cell body; Described cermet inert anode is arranged on described cell body top, and its end extends in the described low-temperature electrolytes;
Described cermet inert anode is made of at least 2 group cermet inert anode groups, and described each cermet inert anode group is made up of at least 2 cermet inert anode monomers; Be electric parallel-connection structure between the described cermet inert anode group and between the cermet inert anode monomer in the same cermet inert anode group;
Described wettability negative electrode is by polylith particle gradation functional gradient TiB
2/ C composite cathode constitutes;
Described low-temperature electrolytes is by Na
3AlF
6, K
3AlF
6, Al
2O
3, AlF
3, LiF forms, liquidus temperature is 840 ℃~900 ℃.
Among the present invention, described cermet inert anode monomer is dark cup-shaped cermet inert anode, by SnO
2-AB
2O
4Ceramic phase; The Ni-Cu metallographic phase; Oxide M
xO
yAnd dispersion agent, caking agent are formed;
Described AB
2O
4For having the composite oxides of spinel structure, wherein:
A takes from least a among Ni, Mg, Co, Zn, Cu, Li, the Fe;
B takes from least a among Fe, Al, Co, Mn, Cr, the Ge;
Described oxide M
xO
yIn M take from least a in Cu, Ag, Pd, Pt, Au, Rh, Ru, Ir, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, Sn, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Sb, V, Mb, Hf and the rare earth element.
Among the present invention, described each cermet inert anode group comprises the cermet inert anode monomer, cermet inert anode monomer guide rod, cermet inert anode monomer insulation protective jacket, supporting steel plate, cermet inert anode group support guide rod, cermet inert anode group insulation protective jacket, the soft bus of cermet inert anode monomer, be evenly equipped with first through hole identical with described cermet inert anode amount of monomer on the described supporting steel plate, described each cermet inert anode monomer is inserted into by described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod and fixes by nut in described first through hole and described cermet inert anode monomer is installed on the described supporting steel plate; Between described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod and described first through hole, be set with a described cermet inert anode monomer insulation protective jacket; Be provided with at least one second through hole on described steel plate, described cermet inert anode group support guide rod is inserted into fixes by nut in described second through hole and described cermet inert anode group support guide rod is installed on the described supporting steel plate; Between described cermet inert anode group support guide rod and described second through hole, be set with a described cermet inert anode group insulation protective jacket; Described each cermet inert anode monomer is electrically connected with described cermet inert anode group support guide rod by the soft bus of described cermet inert anode monomer, is that electricity is in parallel between described each cermet inert anode monomer.
Among the present invention, described supporting steel plate thickness is 5mm-20mm.
Among the present invention, described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod one end is provided with the hole that connects the soft bus of described cermet inert anode monomer, the other end is embedded in the described cermet inert anode monomer, and the described described cermet inert anode monomer of the tip-to-face distance bottom surface distance that is embedded in the intravital described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod of cermet inert anode list is 1/5 to 1/4 of described cermet inert anode monomer height.
Among the present invention, described cermet inert anode monomer insulation protective jacket and cermet inert anode group insulation protective jacket are made by ceramic or high temperature resistant, wear-resistant electrically insulating material.
Among the present invention, described particle gradation functional gradient TiB
2/ C composite cathode is by carbonaceous aggregate, TiB
2Aggregate, binding agent are formed.
The present invention is owing to adopt said structure, and the dark cup-shaped cermet inert anode that the Chinese patent ZL03136924.3 that utilizes the contriver to obtain is invented is formed the low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove with wettability negative electrode and low-temperature electrolytes.Wherein: anode part is made of two or more cermet inert anode groups, and each inert anode group is fixed on the supporting steel plate by two or more cermet inert anodes and constitutes; The wettability cathode portion is by polylith particle gradation functional gradient TiB
2/ C composite cathode is formed; It is low-temperature electrolytes that the electrolyzer use contains potassium, and electrolysis of aluminum oxide obtains metallic aluminium.Owing to contain K in the ionogen
3AlF
6Making the electrolyte primary crystal temperature only is 840 ℃~900 ℃, liquidus temperature is low, and the variation with composition is slow relatively, ionogen is less to the corrosion of inert anode, long working life of inert anode and stable serviceability can be provided, and help solving problems such as the cell bottom current unevenness is even, bath voltage shakiness, can effectively solve aluminum oxide in the sedimentary phenomenon of bottom land simultaneously.This electrolyzer production process discharging oxygen, environmentally friendly harmless, energy consumption is low, and is easy and simple to handle, good stability.
Advantage of the present invention is sketched in following:
1. aluminium cell provided by the present invention has been formed anode part by some inert anodes, and inert anode is prepared from by metal oxide ceramic.The interface that anode contacts with ionogen during electrolysis makes the oxonium ion discharge precipitated oxygen in the coordination anion in the ionogen, and anode itself does not consume, and has solved existing aluminium cell mass consumption carbon anode and a large amount of problems that produce the greenhouse gases carbonic acid gas; Very for a short time being easy to of the oxygen bubble volume that produces discharges, and the air film resistance that bubble causes is very little, and is also less to electrolytical stirring, can make bath voltage and interpole gap remain on a lower level.Because with changing anode, so electrolytic cell operation provided by the present invention is more easy, it is more steady to work hardly.
2. aluminium cell provided by the present invention is by polylith particle gradation functional gradient TiB
2/ C composite cathode constitutes cathode portion, and this matrix material is good to the wettability of aluminium liquid, can effectively slow down the infiltration of electrolyte melt and sodium, can adopt lower aluminum liquid horizontal to carry out electrolysis production, thereby can adopt lower interpole gap, effectively low bath voltage cuts down the consumption of energy.
3. aluminium cell provided by the present invention, it is low-temperature electrolytes that employing contains potassium, this ionogen can descend lower viscosity of maintenance and higher alumina dissolution degree 840 ℃-900 ℃ of electrolysis temperatures, thereby it is better mobile, can in this ionogen, dissolving quickly disperse behind the alumina blanking, having solved existing aluminium cell, need to operate in electrolyte temperature be problem more than 930 ℃, therefore keeps the required energy of groove temperature still less, and current consumption is also just lower.And this potassium that contains is in the low-temperature electrolytes, and the inert anode that is adopted has erosion resistance preferably, has solved the not corrosion resistant defective of inert anode in existing electrolyte system.
In sum, the present invention is rational in infrastructure, and is easy and simple to handle, stable working, and discharging oxygen, aluminium fluid wave is moving little during work, bath voltage is low, working temperature is low, energy consumption is little.Be suitable for industrial applications.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is a cermet inert anode group structural representation in the accompanying drawing 1.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the vertical view of accompanying drawing 2.
Accompanying drawing 4 is supporting steel plate vertical view among the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-cell body, 2-cermet inert anode, 3-wettability negative electrode, 4-low-temperature electrolytes.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove provided by the present invention is elaborated.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1,2,3, a kind of low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove comprises cell body 1, cermet inert anode 2, wettability negative electrode 3, low-temperature electrolytes 4; Described wettability negative electrode 3 is arranged on described cell body 1 bottom; Described low-temperature electrolytes 4 is arranged in the cell body 1; Described cermet inert anode 2 is arranged on described cell body 1 top, and its end extends in the described low-temperature electrolytes 4;
Described cermet inert anode 2 is made of 2 groups of cermet inert anode groups 9, and described each cermet inert anode group 9 is made up of 8 cermet inert anode monomers 17; Be electric parallel-connection structure between the described cermet inert anode group 9 and between the cermet inert anode monomer 17 in the same cermet inert anode group 9;
Described wettability negative electrode 3 is by polylith particle gradation functional gradient TiB
2/ C composite cathode constitutes;
Described low-temperature electrolytes is by Na
3AlF
6, K
3AlF
6, Al
2O
3, AlF
3, LiF forms, liquidus temperature is 840 ℃~900 ℃;
Described cermet inert anode group 9 comprises cermet inert anode monomer 17, cermet inert anode monomer guide rod 15, cermet inert anode monomer insulation protective jacket 14, supporting steel plate 13, cermet inert anode group support guide rod 10, cermet inert anode group insulation protective jacket 8, the soft bus 11 of cermet inert anode monomer, be evenly equipped with 8 first through holes 5 on the described supporting steel plate 13, described cermet inert anode monomer 17 is inserted in described first through hole 5 fixing and described cermet inert anode monomer 17 is installed on the described supporting steel plate 13 by nut 12 by described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod 15; Between described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod 15 and described first through hole 5, be set with a described cermet inert anode monomer insulation protective jacket 14; Be provided with one second through hole 6 on described supporting steel plate 13, described cermet inert anode group support guide rod 10 is inserted in described second through hole 6 fixing and described cermet inert anode group support guide rod 10 is installed on the described supporting steel plate 13 by nut 7; Between described cermet inert anode group support guide rod 10 and described second through hole 6, be set with a described cermet inert anode group insulation protective jacket 8; Described cermet inert anode monomer 17 is electrically connected with described cermet inert anode group support guide rod 10 by the soft bus 11 of described cermet inert anode monomer, is that electricity is in parallel between the described cermet inert anode monomer 17;
Described supporting steel plate 13 thickness are 5mm-20mm;
Described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod 15 1 ends are provided with the hole that connects the soft bus 11 of described cermet inert anode monomer, the other end is embedded in the described cermet inert anode monomer 17, and the described described cermet inert anode monomer of the tip-to-face distance 17 bottom surfaces distance that is embedded in the described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod 15 in the cermet inert anode monomer 17 is 1/5 to 1/4 of described cermet inert anode monomer 17 height;
Described cermet inert anode monomer insulation protective jacket 14 and cermet inert anode group insulation protective jacket 8 are made by pottery;
Described particle gradation functional gradient TiB
2/ C composite cathode is by carbonaceous aggregate, TiB
2Aggregate, binding agent are formed.
In the present embodiment, described cermet inert anode monomer 17 is dark cup-shaped, and concrete component is: CaO-Cu-NiO-NiFe
2O
4Cermet inert anode.
Present embodiment in actual use, its bath voltage is below the 3.8V, electrolysis temperature is lower than 900 ℃, power consumption is less than 13500kWh/t-Al, CF
nThe compound quantity discharged reduces by 70%, and its integrated environment value and economic worth and existing groove have suitable competitive power.
The cell construction of present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, only is that cermet inert anode monomer 17 concrete components are: CaO-Ni-NiFe
2O
4Cermet inert anode.
Present embodiment in actual use, its bath voltage can be controlled in 3.8V~3.9V, electrolysis temperature is 890~920 ℃, power consumption is less than 13500kWh/t-Al, CF
nThe compound quantity discharged reduces by 70%, has big impellent for the development of environmentally friendly electrolysis of aluminum industry.
Embodiment 3
The cell construction of present embodiment is identical with embodiment 1, only is that cermet inert anode monomer 17 concrete components are: CaO-BaO-Ni-NiO-NiFe
2O
4Cermet inert anode.
Present embodiment in actual use, its bath voltage can be controlled in 3.8V~3.9V, electrolysis temperature is 890~920 ℃, power consumption is less than 13500kWh/t-Al, CF
nThe compound quantity discharged reduces by 70%, has big impellent for the development of environmentally friendly electrolysis of aluminum industry.
Claims (7)
1. a noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove comprises cell body, cermet inert anode, wettability negative electrode, low-temperature electrolytes; It is characterized in that: described wettability negative electrode is arranged on described cell body bottom; Described low-temperature electrolytes is arranged in the cell body; Described cermet inert anode is arranged on described cell body top, and its end extends in the described low-temperature electrolytes;
Described cermet inert anode is made of at least 2 group cermet inert anode groups, and described each cermet inert anode group is made up of at least 2 cermet inert anode monomers; Be electric parallel-connection structure between the described cermet inert anode group and between the cermet inert anode monomer in the same cermet inert anode group;
Described wettability negative electrode is by polylith particle gradation functional gradient TiB
2/ C composite cathode constitutes;
Described low-temperature electrolytes is by Na
3AlF
6, K
3AlF
6, Al
2O
3, AlF
3, LiF forms, liquidus temperature is 840 ℃~900 ℃.
2. low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described cermet inert anode monomer is dark cup-shaped cermet inert anode, by SnO
2-AB
2O
4Ceramic phase; The Ni-Cu metallographic phase; Oxide M
xO
yAnd dispersion agent, caking agent are formed;
Described AB
2O
4For having the composite oxides of spinel structure, wherein:
A takes from least a among Ni, Mg, Co, Zn, Cu, Li, the Fe;
B takes from least a among Fe, Al, Co, Mn, Cr, the Ge;
Described oxide M
xO
yIn M take from least a in Cu, Ag, Pd, Pt, Au, Rh, Ru, Ir, Co, Ni, Fe, Al, Sn, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Sb, V, Mb, Hf and the rare earth element.
3. noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described each cermet inert anode group comprises the cermet inert anode monomer, cermet inert anode monomer guide rod, cermet inert anode monomer insulation protective jacket, supporting steel plate, cermet inert anode group support guide rod, cermet inert anode group insulation protective jacket, the soft bus of cermet inert anode monomer, be evenly equipped with first through hole identical with described cermet inert anode amount of monomer on the described supporting steel plate, described each cermet inert anode monomer is inserted into by described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod and fixes by nut in described first through hole and described cermet inert anode monomer is installed on the described supporting steel plate; Between described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod and described first through hole, be set with a described cermet inert anode monomer insulation protective jacket; Be provided with at least one second through hole on described steel plate, described cermet inert anode group support guide rod is inserted into fixes by nut in described second through hole and described cermet inert anode group support guide rod is installed on the described supporting steel plate; Between described cermet inert anode group support guide rod and described second through hole, be set with a described cermet inert anode group insulation protective jacket; Described each cermet inert anode monomer is electrically connected with described cermet inert anode group support guide rod by the soft bus of described cermet inert anode monomer, is that electricity is in parallel between described each cermet inert anode monomer.
4. noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described supporting steel plate thickness is 5mm-20mm.
5. noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod one end is provided with the hole that connects the soft bus of described cermet inert anode monomer, the other end is embedded in the described cermet inert anode monomer, and the described described cermet inert anode monomer of the tip-to-face distance bottom surface distance that is embedded in the intravital described cermet inert anode monomer guide rod of cermet inert anode list is 1/5 to 1/4 of described cermet inert anode monomer height.
6. noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove according to claim 5 is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: described particle gradation functional gradient TiB
2/ C composite cathode is by carbonaceous aggregate, TiB
2Aggregate, binding agent are formed.
7. according to any described noble electrode low-temperature aluminum electrolysis groove of claim 1~6, described cermet inert anode monomer insulation protective jacket and cermet inert anode group insulation protective jacket are made by ceramic or high temperature resistant, wear-resistant electrically insulating material.
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN103643259A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-19 | 东北大学 | Method for extracting metal and preparing oxygen from lunar soil/lunar rock mixed oxides |
CN104047031A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-09-17 | 四川华索自动化信息工程有限公司 | Water-cooling coil pipe type integral cast aluminum anode for aluminum electrolysis |
CN104726897A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-06-24 | 云南云铝涌鑫铝业有限公司 | Electrolytic tank system |
CN105401175A (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-16 | 美铝公司 | Anode Apparatus |
CN110760887A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-07 | 镇江慧诚新材料科技有限公司 | Electrode structure for combined production and electrolysis of oxygen and aluminum |
CN114059100A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-18 | 张天予 | Aluminum electrolysis device |
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Cited By (9)
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CN103643259A (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2014-03-19 | 东北大学 | Method for extracting metal and preparing oxygen from lunar soil/lunar rock mixed oxides |
CN103643259B (en) * | 2013-12-05 | 2016-06-22 | 东北大学 | A kind of extract metal the method for preparing oxygen from lunar soil moon lithotype mixed oxide |
CN104047031A (en) * | 2014-07-03 | 2014-09-17 | 四川华索自动化信息工程有限公司 | Water-cooling coil pipe type integral cast aluminum anode for aluminum electrolysis |
CN105401175A (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2016-03-16 | 美铝公司 | Anode Apparatus |
CN105401175B (en) * | 2014-09-08 | 2018-12-11 | 美铝美国公司 | Anode assembly |
CN104726897A (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2015-06-24 | 云南云铝涌鑫铝业有限公司 | Electrolytic tank system |
CN104726897B (en) * | 2015-03-06 | 2018-01-02 | 云南云铝涌鑫铝业有限公司 | Electrolyzer system |
CN110760887A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-07 | 镇江慧诚新材料科技有限公司 | Electrode structure for combined production and electrolysis of oxygen and aluminum |
CN114059100A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-02-18 | 张天予 | Aluminum electrolysis device |
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Application publication date: 20110105 |