CN101935764A - Process for extracting gangue wrapped gold - Google Patents
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- CN101935764A CN101935764A CN 201010282860 CN201010282860A CN101935764A CN 101935764 A CN101935764 A CN 101935764A CN 201010282860 CN201010282860 CN 201010282860 CN 201010282860 A CN201010282860 A CN 201010282860A CN 101935764 A CN101935764 A CN 101935764A
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for extracting gangue wrapped gold. In the process, superfine dipped unworkable gold-containing primary ores are treated by adopting the technical scheme of organically combining alkali silicon dissolution technology and pressure oxidation technology, and sulfide mineral can be fully oxidized and decomposed by adopting a pressure oxidation process so as to fully expose and dissociate the gold wrapped therein; meanwhile, gangue is effectively decomposed by using the reaction of NaOH and SiO2 under the high-temperature and high-pressure condition so as to fully expose and dissociate the gold wrapped therein; and the inclusions of the sulfide mineral and the gangue are totally opened so that the harmful elements enter the liquid phase in a soluble salt form, secondary wrap of the gold is avoided and the reclamation rate of the gold can be furthest improved. Most of harmful sulfur and arsenic enter the liquid phase after being oxidized and are neutralized and reclaimed so as to greatly reduce environmental pollution; and the extraction ratio of the gold is improved to 95 percent from the conventional 5 percent and is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of difficult gold extraction technology that contains golden primary ore, particularly a kind of by the extraction process of gangue parcel gold.
Background technology
Silicon is the very wide a kind of element of occurring in nature distribution, and in the earth's crust, its content next to oxygen occupies second.At occurring in nature, there is not the silicon of free state, the silicon that exists with the chemical combination attitude only is as SiO
2, silicate.The silicon of these chemical combination attitudes extensively is present in the various mineral and rock of the earth's crust, is the main component that constitutes mineral and rock.
Ore generally is made up of ore mineral and gangue mineral.Ore mineral is meant the metal or the non-metallic minerals that can be utilized in the ore, also claims valuable mineral, as the chromite in the chrome ore, and the chalcopyrite in the copper mine stone, purple copper, copper glance and malachite, the asbestos in the asbestos ore etc.Gangue mineral is meant those, temporary unavailable mineral association mutually with ore mineral, also claims useless mineral.As the peridotites in the chrome ore, pyroxene, the quartz in the copper mine stone, sericite, chlorite, rhombspar in the asbestos ore and calcite etc.Gangue mineral mainly is a non-metallic minerals, but also comprises some metalliferous minerals, as containing minute quantity lead glance, zink sulphide in the copper mine stone, because of no comprehensive utilization value, also claims gangue mineral.The deal of contained ore mineral and gangue mineral ratio is different with the different metal ore in the ore.In with a kind of ore, also difference is arranged with the rich or poor grade difference of ore.In many metallic ores, the deal of gangue mineral is often considerably beyond the deal of ore mineral.Sometimes the own useful mineral that contain in the ore because of content is low, can't fully utilizes and lie on the table.Particularly the gold mineral that is wrapped up by gangue in the ore of fine dip-dye type is removed in ore dressing process usually, and valuable element can't fully reclaim.
Because the chemical property of gangue is stable at normal temperatures and pressures, the way of effectively opening the gangue parcel is few, if can change the residing envrionment conditions of gangue, can address this problem effectively, for example: under high temperature, condition of high voltage.
The pressure oxidation method is used early abroad, promotes one of method faster, is main production method such as metallic nickel, cobalt and aluminum oxide, also is applied in gold production aspect.Because employed equipment is had strict demand, capital construction has high input at home, is producing metallic nickel, cobalt and aluminum oxide widespread use, but is not still having application in the gold field, says nothing of alkaline pressure oxidation---the application of cyanidation gold-extracted technology on gold is produced.Oxidation is thorough because the pressure oxidation method has, preoxidation time is short, and the high characteristics of leaching yield that throughput is changeable, low in the pollution of the environment, golden are worth application.
Utilize high temperature, hyperbaric environment in the pressure oxidation method, under strong alkaline condition, gangue dissolving in the ore can be exposed the gold mineral of gangue parcel out, the cyaniding that helps gold is leached, and improves the rate of recovery of gold.The combination of these two kinds of technology can be reclaimed out with the gold that is wrapped up by gangue, has solved the irretrievable difficult problem of the valuable element in the gangue.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of by the extraction process of gangue parcel gold, be alkaline pressure oxidation---cyanidation gold-extracted technology, both solved the sulfide mineral problem of oxidation, can decompose the gangue in the mineral again effectively, and made the gold of gangue parcel expose out, the cyaniding that helps gold is leached, improve the golden rate of recovery to greatest extent, owing to adopt the solubility medicament, generated soluble product simultaneously, avoided secondary parcel, greatly alleviated pollution environment to gold.
Know-why of the present invention is as follows:
(1) silicon-dioxide (SiO
2) essential property
Silicon-dioxide (SiO
2) be a kind of acidic oxide, can generate salt and water with alkali reaction.Because SiO
2Be a kind of infusibility solid, water insoluble, chemical property is highly stable, though can react with strong alkali solution at normal temperatures and pressures, speed of response is slower.
In chemical reaction, the factor of decision chemical reaction velocity is a lot, mainly contains temperature of reaction, reaction pressure and three factors of reactant concn.Usually by improving temperature of reaction, can quicken the speed of response of chemical reaction; Improve reaction pressure, also can quicken the speed of response of chemical reaction; Improve concentration of reactants, also can quicken the speed of response of chemical reaction.After the above three kinds factors improvement that mainly influences chemical reaction velocity, can improve the speed of chemical reaction greatly.
Silicon-dioxide (SiO
2) at NaOH concentration 17.5mol/L, when liquid-solid ratio 1.5 and 130 ℃ of strippings, in reaction times 10min～15min, can make SiO
2Solubility rate be 72%.Silicon-dioxide (SiO
2) under high temperature, high pressure, strong alkaline condition, speed of response is obviously accelerated.
SiO
2+2NaOH＝Na
2SiO
3+H
2O
(2) alkaline pressure oxidation ultimate principle
In the difficult gold containing ore parcel gold mineral be mainly metallic sulfides such as pyrite and arsenopyrite, desire will make gold mineral dissociate out, just must decompose pyrite and arsenopyrite etc. and carry gold mineral.The pressure oxidation purpose is under the condition of High Temperature High Pressure, aerobic, and metallic sulfide oxidation is decomposed, and enters liquid phase with the form of soluble sulphate; After main pollution-producing arsenic in the ore enters liquid phase with the form of arsenate, utilize lime and barium method to handle again, forms stable arsenate and precipitate, but qualified discharge can not pollute environment; Add the silicon-dioxide of parcel gold in the alkali decomposing ore, the gold that is wrapped is come out, help cyaniding and leach, reach the purpose that improves the golden cyaniding rate of recovery.
When material be alkalescence, S content can adopt alkaline hot-pressure oxidation method less than 2% o'clock.This method is suitable for the raw ore ore, the rate of recovery height of gold, and output object mainly is dissolved out fully with the form of precipitation, hydrochlorate.
High temperature (generally at 180～235 ℃), high pressure (under 2100～3800kPa), following reaction mainly takes place in pyrite, arsenopyrite, white antimony and gangue in the NaOH alkaline medium:
4FeS
2+16+15O
2＝2Fe
2O
3↓+8Na
2SO
4+8H
2O
2FeAsS+10NaOH+7O
2＝Fe
2O
3↓+2Na
2SO
4+2Na
3AsO
4+5H
2O
Sb
2S
3+12NaOH+7O
2＝2Na
3SbO
4+3Na
2SO
4+6H
2O
SiO
2+2NaOH＝Na
2SiO
3+H
2O
By above chemical reaction as can be seen, under high temperature, high pressure and strong alkaline condition, pyrite, arsenopyrite, white antimony and gangue are generated Fe by oxidation and decomposition effectively
2O
3Throw out, sulphur, arsenic, antimony and silicon all are dissolved out fully with salt form, and all more stable.
Owing to have a large amount of SO in the pressure oxidation liquid
4 2-With a spot of AsO
4 3-Harmful acid group must recycle through returning in the oxidation system after lime and the processing of barium method again.
Handling principle:
(1) sulfur-bearing acid group oxidation liquid handling principle
SO
4 2-+Ca
2+＝CaSO
4↓
SO
4 2-+Ba
2+＝BaSO
4↓
(2) contain arsenate oxidation liquid handling principle
AsO
4 3-+Ca
2+＝Ca
3(AsO
4)
2↓
AsO
4 3-+Ba
2+＝Ba
3(AsO
4)
2↓
(3) contain silicate oxidation liquid handling principle
SiO
3 2-+Ca
2+＝CaSiO
3↓
SiO
3 2-+Ba
2+＝BaSiO
3↓
Operational path of the present invention is an ore grinding, and---alkaline pressure oxidation---is cyanidation gold-extracted, utilize alkaline pressure oxidation technology, both made sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, decomposed the gangue in the mineral again effectively, and made to be wrapped in the gold that wraps up in sulfide mineral and the gangue and to obtain fully exposed dissociating.Ore pulp after the oxidation is through after the press filtration, and oxidation liquid is handled precipitation, and arsenic wherein and heavy metal ion are carried out solid-liquid separation, in and slag be thrown into the mine tailing storehouse, the clear liquor retrieval system recycles; Oxidation sludge is dense after enter cyanidation gold-extracted system after sizing mixing, leach through the charcoal slurry, generation carry golden charcoal through desorbing electrolytic, pass through output finished product gold after the refining again, behind the slurry filtration, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system, filter residue is delivered to tailings reservoir for piling.
The step of this technology is as follows:
(1) grinding-classification operation:
Different gold containing ores, because the size composition and the occurrence status difference of gold, grinding particle size is formed also inequality, the control grinding particle size is at P
85%=0.045mm～P
95%Between=the 0.045mm;
(2) alkaline pressure oxidation operation:
The pulp density of step (1) is adjusted to 30%～55%; Add NaOH, pulp PH value is 13, feeds the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 180～235 ℃, charges into 0.3～0.5MPa dividing potential drop oxygen, under the processing condition of oxidization time 70～120min, make sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, decompose silicon-dioxide, the gold that is wrapped is fully exposed to be dissociated, oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, after liquid process lime and barium method were handled, clear liquor returned oxidation system, and precipitation reclaims respectively; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(3) cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (2) through size mixing to concentration be 25%～35%; Slurry pH is 11～12; Alkaline purification time 1～1.5h; NaCN consumption 1.5kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 48h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: with the molten silicon technology of alkalescence and pressure oxidation technology bonded process program organically, handle that fine dip-dye type is difficult to contain golden primary ore, both improved the golden rate of recovery, reduced environmental pollution again.Adopt pressure oxidation technology, fully the oxygenolysis sulfide mineral fully exposes parcel gold wherein and dissociates; Under high temperature, condition of high voltage, utilize NaOH and SiO simultaneously
2Reaction is decomposed gangue effectively, parcel gold is wherein fully exposed dissociate; By sulfide mineral and gangue parcel are opened, harmful element enters liquid phase with the form of soluble salt, has avoided the secondary parcel to gold, can improve the rate of recovery of gold to greatest extent.Enter liquid phase and neutralization recovery after nuisance sulphur and arsenic major part are oxidized, greatly reduced environmental pollution; The present invention had both solved sulfide mineral and had obtained abundant oxidation, avoided causing the problem of gold loss because of the sulphide ores oxidation is insufficient, decomposed the gangue in the mineral again effectively, with abundant exposed the dissociating of parcel gold wherein, gold is reclaimed to greatest extent, and greatly reduced pollution, this part difficult-treating gold mine resource can be fully used environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, be process flow diagram of the present invention.
Certain is difficult to contain golden primary ore, and the raw ore multielement analysis the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 raw ore multielement analysis result
| Element | Au(g/t) | Ag(g/t) | Cu | Pb | Zn | Fe | Sb |
| Content (%) | 4.00 | 3.65 | 0.03 | 0.011 | 0.012 | 3.42 | 0.015 |
| Element | S | As | CaO | MgO | Al 2O 3 | SiO 2 | C |
| Content (%) | 1.27 | 0.45 | 11.55 | 1.44 | 11.80 | 47.51 | 4.19 |
According to the research of ore process mineralogy, main harmful element in the ore has been carried out material phase analysis, the arsenic material phase analysis the results are shown in Table 2; The carbon material phase analysis the results are shown in Table 3; Gold mineral embedding cloth state measurement the results are shown in Table 4; The granulometry of gold the results are shown in Table 5; The conventional charcoal of raw ore soaks test-results and sees Table 6.
Table 2 raw ore arsenic material phase analysis result
| Separate | The full arsenic of As/ | The As/ oxide compound | As/ sulfide |
| Content (%) | 0.45 | 0.076 | 0.374 |
| Relative content (%) | 100.00 | 17.00 | 83.00 |
Table 3 raw ore carbon material phase analysis result
| Separate | The full carbon of C/ | C/ carbonate | C/ is organic | C/ graphite |
| Content (%) | 5.70 | 4.58 | 0.55 | 0.57 |
| Relative content (%) | 100.00 | 80.35 | 9.65 | 10.00 |
Table 4 gold mineral embedding cloth state measurement result
The granulometry result of table 5 gold
The conventional cyanidation test result of table 6
| Head grade (g/t) | Head grade (g/t) | Leaching yield (%) |
| 4.00 | 3.70 | 7.5 |
Conventional cyanidation test result shows from table 6: adopt conventional cyanide circuit to be difficult to obtain ideal and leach index.
Consolidated statement 4 gold mineral embedding cloth state measurement results and the conventional cyanidation test result of table 6 adopt the pressure oxidation pretreatment technology separately as can be seen, have only the rate of recovery of 67.27% gold medal.Obtain the rate of recovery of higher gold, necessarily the gold with the gangue parcel also extracts, and must adopt alkaline pressure oxidation pretreatment technology.
Embodiment 1:
(1) grinding-classification operation:
With above-mentioned difficult raw ore ore grinding is-0.045mm that content is 85% to granularity;
(2) alkaline pressure oxidation operation:
The pulp density of step (1) is adjusted to 40%; Add NaOH, pulp PH value 13 feeds the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 235 ℃, charge into 0.4MPa dividing potential drop oxygen, oxidization time is under the processing condition of 120min, makes sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, decompose silicon-dioxide, the gold that is wrapped is fully exposed dissociate.Oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, and after liquid process lime and barium method were handled, clear liquor returned oxidation system, and precipitation reclaims respectively; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(3) cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (2) through size mixing to concentration be 25%～35%; Slurry pH 11～12; Alkaline purification time 1～1.5h; NaCN consumption 1.5kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 48h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
The experimental result technical indicator is:
Sulfur oxidation rate: 96.80%
Arsenic oxidation ratio: 93.47%
The production rate of water glass: 87%
Gold leaching rate: 90.15%
Embodiment 2:
(1) grinding-classification operation:
With above-mentioned difficult raw ore ore grinding to granularity be-0.045mm content is 90%;
(2) alkaline pressure oxidation operation:
The pulp density of step (1) is adjusted to 40%; Add NaOH, pulp PH value 13 feeds the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 235 ℃, charge into 0.4MPa dividing potential drop oxygen, under the processing condition of oxidization time 120min, make sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, decompose silicon-dioxide, the gold that is wrapped is fully exposed dissociate.Oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, and after liquid process lime and barium method were handled, clear liquor returned oxidation system, and precipitation reclaims respectively; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(3) cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (2) through size mixing to concentration be 25%～35%; Slurry pH 11～12; Alkaline purification time 1～1.5h; NaCN consumption 1.5kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 48h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
The experimental result technical indicator is:
Sulfur oxidation rate: 98.96%
Arsenic oxidation ratio: 95.07%
The production rate of water glass: 89%
Gold leaching rate: 93.82%
Embodiment 3:
(1) grinding-classification operation:
With above-mentioned difficult raw ore ore grinding to granularity be-0.045mm content is 95%;
(2) alkaline pressure oxidation operation:
The pulp density of step (1) is adjusted to 40%; Add NaOH, pulp PH value 13 feeds the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 230 ℃, charge into 0.4MPa dividing potential drop oxygen, under the processing condition of oxidization time 120min, make sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, decompose silicon-dioxide, the gold that is wrapped is fully exposed dissociate.Oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, and after liquid process lime and barium method were handled, clear liquor returned oxidation system, and precipitation reclaims respectively; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(3) cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (2) through size mixing to concentration be 25%～35%; Slurry pH 11～12; Alkaline purification time 1～1.5h; NaCN consumption 1.5kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 48h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
The experimental result technical indicator is:
Sulfur oxidation rate: 99.15%
Arsenic oxidation ratio: 95.87%
The production rate of water glass: 90.5%
Gold leaching rate: 95.35%.
Claims (1)
1. one kind by the extraction process of gangue parcel gold, and the step of this technology is as follows:
(1) grinding-classification operation:
Different gold containing ores, because the size composition and the occurrence status difference of gold, grinding particle size is formed also inequality, the control grinding particle size is at P
85%=0.045mm～P
95%Between=the 0.045mm;
(2) alkaline pressure oxidation operation:
The pulp density of step (1) is adjusted to 30%～55%; Add NaOH, pulp PH value is 13, feeds the pressure oxidation system; Guaranteeing that temperature is 180～235 ℃, charges into 0.3～0.5MPa dividing potential drop oxygen, under the processing condition of oxidization time 70～120min, make sulfide mineral obtain abundant oxidation, decompose silicon-dioxide, the gold that is wrapped is fully exposed to be dissociated, oxidation liquid obtains solid-liquid separation, after liquid process lime and barium method were handled, clear liquor returned oxidation system, and precipitation reclaims respectively; Oxidation sludge enters next step cyanidation gold-extracted operation after dense;
(3) cyanidation gold-extracted operation:
With the oxidation sludge of step (2) through size mixing to concentration be 25%～35%; Slurry pH is 11～12; Alkaline purification time 1～1.5h; NaCN consumption 1.5kg/t; Soaking the suction time is 48h; The golden charcoal that carries through above-mentioned processing condition output, pass through desorbing electrolytic---the gold mud refining, obtain the product ingot, to soak slag and deliver to tailings reservoir for piling, lean solution is returned and is soaked preceding blended size system.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010282860 CN101935764A (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2010-09-16 | Process for extracting gangue wrapped gold |
| PCT/CN2010/001625 WO2012034255A1 (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2010-10-15 | Method for extracting gold coated by gangue |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201010282860 CN101935764A (en) | 2010-09-16 | 2010-09-16 | Process for extracting gangue wrapped gold |
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|---|---|
| CN101935764A true CN101935764A (en) | 2011-01-05 |
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ID=43389327
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| WO (1) | WO2012034255A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103194613A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-10 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Method for extracting gold from high basic gangue containing arsenic and carbon |
| CN104593583A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-06 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Wet-process preprocessing method of carlin type refractory leaching gold ore |
| CN109932268A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-06-25 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Siderotil content assaying method in the slugging of gold mine pressurised oxygen and cyanide residue |
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| ES2903156T3 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2022-03-31 | Hoffmann La Roche | A procedure for operating a system and a system |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101285126A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2008-10-15 | 长春黄金研究院 | Gold extraction process with low pollution and high recovery for refractory gold concentrate |
| CN101314818A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2008-12-03 | 长春黄金研究院 | Golden shifting process of biological oxidation-torrefaction-cyanidation |
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| US8025859B2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2011-09-27 | Cesl Limited | Process for gold and silver recovery from a sulphide concentrate |
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- 2010-09-16 CN CN 201010282860 patent/CN101935764A/en active Pending
- 2010-10-15 WO PCT/CN2010/001625 patent/WO2012034255A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101285126A (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2008-10-15 | 长春黄金研究院 | Gold extraction process with low pollution and high recovery for refractory gold concentrate |
| CN101314818A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2008-12-03 | 长春黄金研究院 | Golden shifting process of biological oxidation-torrefaction-cyanidation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 《有色金属冶金、材料、再生与环保》 20040731 屠海令等 《难处理金矿的选冶》 化学工业出版社 材料科学与工程出版中心 346-347，表7-6 1 , 1 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103194613A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-10 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Method for extracting gold from high basic gangue containing arsenic and carbon |
| CN103194613B (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2015-03-11 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Method for extracting gold from high basic gangue containing arsenic and carbon |
| CN104593583A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-05-06 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Wet-process preprocessing method of carlin type refractory leaching gold ore |
| CN109932268A (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2019-06-25 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Siderotil content assaying method in the slugging of gold mine pressurised oxygen and cyanide residue |
| CN109932268B (en) * | 2019-02-14 | 2021-06-08 | 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司 | Method for measuring content of iron vitriol in gold ore pressure oxidation slag and cyaniding slag |
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|---|---|
| WO2012034255A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
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Application publication date: 20110105 |