CN102703690A - Method for separating high-ferrosilicon complex zinc oxide lean ores through combined treatment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for separating high-ferrosilicon complex zinc oxide lean ores through combined treatment. The method integrates an ore dressing technology and a smelting technology by a treatment process of flotation, magnetic separation, leaching, slag washing, the enrichment of indium germanium by precipitation, so that the advantages of the ore dressing technology and the smelting technology which are combined in the aspect of the treatment of the high-ferrosilicon complex zinc oxide lean ores and similar metal resources are exerted fully, the ore dressing and smelting technology is optimized integrally, and a new treatment process for treating the high-ferrosilicon complex zinc oxide lean ores jointly by ore dressing and smelting is formed; and the advantage of recovering zinc and iron ores from the high-ferrosilicon complex zinc oxide lean ores by the ore dressing technology is embodied fully, the advantage of recovering valuable metals such as zinc, lead, indium, germanium and silver from the high-ferrosilicon complex zinc oxide lean ores by the smelting technology is also embodied fully, the recovery rate of the zinc metal is improved integrally, and the resource utilization rate and comprehensive recovery rate of the valuable metals are improved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technique of preparing and technical field of wet metallurgy, particularly a kind of selecting smelting combination is handled high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore, and the method for abundant comprehensively recovering valuable metal.
Background technology
According to statistics, in the plumbous zinc reserves of China, the zinc average grade has only 4.66%, and middle low-grade deposit reserves basis, reserves account for 77.15% and 77.3% of national ratio respectively.Generally grade is lower than 20% zinc oxide ore in the industry and is called low-grade zinc oxide ore, the mineral deposit of exploitation at present, zinc average grade 3.74%; Ore composition is complicated; By milling ore form by 30 multi mineral, and many ore disseminated grain sizes are careful, structure construction is complicated; Belong to the refractory ore type, brought difficulty to beneficiation enrichment.Because the zinc oxide ore grade is low, index is undesirable, and big amount zinc oxide resource goes out of use or becomes " slow-witted ore deposit " and leaves unused for a long time, has caused great waste for zinc resource.The present available low-grade zinc oxide total resources of China is very big, adopts direct wet processing that low-grade zinc oxide ore is recycled, and has broad prospect for its application.Zinc oxide ore generally all contains higher silicates and a part of ore of zinc silicate and lapis calaminaris that dissolves in dilute sulphuric acid.As adopt common pyrometallurgical smelting, for satisfying its certain slag ingredient, need and consume a large amount of fuel with addition of a large amount of solvents.And adopt conventional wet processing to handle, can generate the solid-liquid separation that silica gel influences ore pulp again.For this reason, how could the better utilised high silica zinc oxide ore, not only guarantee higher zinc recovery but also can obtain liquid-solid preferably separating effect, also become metallargist's research focus.
The zinc oxide ore treatment process mainly contains ore dressing and metallurgy method two big classes.Beneficiating method is main with flotation process mainly, like methods such as sulfuration-xanthate method, sulfuration-amine method, fatty-acid flo(a)tation methods.The possess skills advantage of maturation, process stabilization of flotation process, but because the zinc oxide ore complicated component causes problems such as flow process is complicated, metal recovery rate is low, of poor benefits.The metallurgical treatment process of zinc oxide ore is divided into two kinds of pyrogenic process and wet methods; Methods such as pyrogenic process such as indigenous zinc smelting, blast furnace zinc metallurgy, fuming furnace enrichment, iron-bath molten reduction method, injection zinc process, plasma method zinc metallurgy; But a lot of in fact just enrichment process of zinc in these technologies; What obtain is thick level zinc oxide, rather than metallic zinc, and the zinc oxide of output also need be used conventional smelting technology process for producing metallic zinc; Shortcoming such as therefore have complex process, long flow path, equipment is huge, energy consumption is high, the recovery is not high, and environmental pollution is serious.And these technologies are higher to the grade requirement of raw material, can't adapt to more low-grade zinc oxide ore.Wet method is divided into acid system and alkaline process again; Acid system mainly be in leaching continuously with flocculence, crystallization silica removal method, 1/3rd methods, reverse leach process; The something in common of these four kinds of methods is it all is to adopt dilution heat of sulfuric acid (or waste electrolyte) directly to leach high silica zinc oxide ore, makes zinc and silicon respectively with ZnSO
4And H
2SiO
4Form gets into solution.Different is that method is different on the filtration problem that solves ore pulp, but leaching process acid consumption all has increase.Alkaline process mainly contains: ammoniacal liquor method, carbon ammonia method, ammonium chloride method, SO
2+ NaCl leaches, caustic soda leaches; But mainly handle more with ammonia process; Advantage such as ammonia process has that the removal of impurities process is simple, flow process weak point, solvent reusable edible, adaptability to raw material are strong; But it is not high that this method has under the normal pressure leaching yield, and rare your valuable metal of association is difficult to reclaim in the zinc oxide ore, causes the shortcoming of metal loss.
Processing for the oxidase complex zinc ore; For a long time all to select the smelting partitioning scheme; Do not take into full account ore dressing and the reasonableness of smelting the process optimization combination; Also fully take into account the rerum natura characteristics of zinc and other metals in the ore, consider to utilize technique of preparing to obtain the higher-grade concentrate just merely, therefore cause problems such as flow process is complicated, metal recovery rate is low, of poor benefits.In recent years; Some zinc such as smeltery, domestic part enterprise strain state, the red firelight or sunlight company of auspicious cloud flying dragon and Chifeng are smelted producer zinc oxide ore and calcining combination treatment, and leach liquor is produced electric zinc through purifying, and the zinc metal content can be low to moderate about 20%; Zinc leaching rate reaches more than 90%, obtains better economic target.The CN200910094204.5 patent has also been pointed out the method for the plumbous zinc ore of a kind of selecting smelting combination processing high calcium and magnesium low-grade oxygen; This method mainly is suitable for the high low-grade zinc oxide ore of high contents of calcium and magnesium basic gangue content, and elder generation sorts lead-zinc sulfide ore thing in the enrichment ammonia leaching residue after soaking processing through ammonia again.No matter direct pickling process, or the method for CN200910094204.5 patent all provides novel method and novel process in the processing and utilizing that aspect ore dressing and the smelting is low grade oxidation ore.But,, be prone to cause the acid consumption high if adopt direct acidleach for the complicated low-grade zinc oxide ore of high silicon iron type; Ferrosilicon intractable problem in the solution, if adopt the method for CN200910094204.5 patent, then the ore dressing process ferrosilicon is not easily separated; Influence concentrate quality, so still also inapplicable.
Summary of the invention
The method that the purpose of this invention is to provide the ore dressing of a kind of combination treatment high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore can overcome the shortcoming of prior art, and the explained hereafter cost is low, the comprehensive reutilization rate high, cost of investment is low; Not only can be to reclaim zinc in the ore deposit of 5-15% with zinc content, can also reclaim valuable metals such as indium, germanium, lead and silver.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
The method of combination treatment high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore ore dressing is characterized in that: comprise following process step:
(1) wet ball-milling: zinc oxide ore is after fragmentation, and the release grinding machine carries out ore grinding, and reaching to the ore particle degree that-180 ~-200 orders account for is 80 ~ 90% ore pulps, supplies beneficiating process to use;
(2) ore dressing A: with adjusting ore pulp after the ore grinding processing; The amount of pressing the 100-500g/t raw ore adds dispersion agent, and the amount of pressing the 1000-3000g/t raw ore adds acvator, and the amount of pressing the 50-300g/t raw ore adds collecting agent; The amount of pressing the 10-100g/t raw ore adds pore forming material; Obtain zinc oxide concentrate, concentrate supplies to leach usefulness, and mine tailing selects iron;
(3) ore dressing B: the mine tailing of ore dressing A is sent into the wet magnetic separation system, obtain iron ore concentrate and mine tailing, mine tailing send the security landfill field to dispose after filtering;
(4) leach: (1) step output zinc oxide concentrate and zinc electrolysis waste solution are together dropped into also unlatching stirring in the reactive tank; The control ore deposit is with liquid-solid ratio: 5 ~ 8:1; Answering temperature is 60 ~ 90 ℃; Stirring reaction time: 90 ~ 120min, last solution pH value rises gradually, leaches terminal point pH value: 1.0-3.5.Leach liquor after reaction finishes supplies heavy indium germanium operation usefulness, and leached mud gives next step washery slag to handle;
(5) heavy indium germanium enrichment: after utilizing (4) step leach liquor to heat up, add zinc powder and replace indium germanium, temperature: 60 ~ 90 ℃, press 2-10kg/m
3The amount of solution adds zinc powder, obtains indium germanium slag and send comprehensive recovery system to reclaim indium germanium;
(6) washery slag: the leached mud and the weakly acid soln of (4) step are together dropped into reactive tank and stirring, washery slag time: 30 ~ 60min, temperature of reaction: 50 ~ 80 ℃, washery slag solution returns wet ball grinding, and it is plumbous, silver-colored that the leached mud after washing send comprehensive recovery system to reclaim.
The steps A of above-described operation (2) is to adopt the reverse flotation mode to handle high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore, zinc weight content: 5-15%, plumbous weight content: 1-5%, indium weight content 50-200g/t, germanium weight content 50-150g/t; Ore dressing pulp density: 25-35%, pH value 8-~ 11, churning time: 6 ~ 10min; The adjustment agent be in lime, yellow soda ash, the sodium hydroxide one or more; Dispersion agent is a kind of in Sodium hexametaphosphate 99, the sodium humate; Collecting agent is an a kind of or mixed amine in 12 ~ stearylamine; Pore forming material is a pine camphor oil; Concrete medicament kind is selected and consumption is looked composition of ores and character and decide.
The flotation tailings of the step B of above-described operation (2) takes prior art magnetic separation mode to sort the iron ore material.
The zinc oxide concentrate of above-described (2) step is as this operation raw material, and temperature of reaction is 60 ~ 90 ℃, and reaction times: 90 ~ 120min leaches terminal point pH value: 1.0-3.5, and leach liquor supplies heavy indium germanium operation to use.
Above-described operation (4) step leach liquor is warmed up to 60 ~ 90 ℃, adds zinc powder and replaces indium germanium, presses 2-20kg/m
3The amount of solution adds zinc powder, the reaction times: 60 ~ 120min.
Above-described operation (4) is sunk indium germanium enrichment operation, is that washery slag solution returns wet ball grinding, and it is plumbous, silver-colored that the leached mud after washing send comprehensive recovery system to reclaim.
Main processes chemical principle of the present invention is following:
1, floatation process principle
With the ground ore, the medicament that adds water and necessity when grinding or after grinding injects the pulp tank that begins to stir behind steel basin furnishing ore pulp; In ore pulp, import air, add related agents, hydrophobic mineral particle is attached on the bubble; And float to the ore pulp surface with bubble, and forming the mineral laden bubble layer, hydrophilic mineral particle is not attached on the bubble; And stay in the ore pulp, the mineral laden bubble that will contain certain minerals is discharged, and reaction formula is following:
RNH
3 + + HCO
3 - = RNH
3.HCO
3
2RNH
3 + + CO
3 2- =（RNH
3）2.CO
3
2, the reaction principle of leaching process
When containing H
2SO
4Dilute solution with the zinc oxide ore ore in leaching vat during agitation leach, the various MOXs in the zinc oxide ore will with H
2SO
4Reacting generating salt, general reaction equation is:
MeO+H
2SO
4=MeSO
4+H
2O
This type reaction will take place in the oxide compound of zinc, iron, copper, cadmium, nickel, cobalt etc., generate vitriol soluble in water, as:
ZnO+?H
2SO
4=ZnSO
4+?H
2O
CuO+?H
2SO
4=?CuSO
4+H
2O
This type of reaction also takes place in plumbous and calcium, but the vitriol that generates is insoluble in water.
Silicon has two kinds of existing waies in the zinc oxide ore: free state SiO
2With combined MeOSiO
2, free state SiO
2Be insoluble to dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution, and the silicate of combined is solubilized in diluted acid.Principal reaction is following:
ZnO·SiO
2?+?2H
+?=?Zn
2+?+?H
2SiO
3
PbO·SiO
2?+?H
2SO
4?=?PbSO
4↓+?H
2SiO
3
3, zinc dust precipitation indium germanium reaction principle
The ultimate principle of zinc replacement is to utilize the negative zinc powder of standard potential to come the metals ion of standard potential calibration in the substitutional solution, to reach the purpose of concentration of valuable metals.The reaction of zinc dust precipitation is following:
Zn?+?In
3+=?Zn2
++?In↓
Zn?+?Ge
3+=?Zn2
++?Ge↓
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, technique of preparing and smelting technology are organically combined, given full play to technique of preparing and smelting technology and merged the advantage of back aspect the processing metals resources, realized the global optimization of dressing and smelting process technology, constituted a kind of new treatment scheme.
2, demonstrate fully the advantage that smelting technology reclaims zinc, lead, indium, germanium, silver-colored valuable metal in the high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore, improved the recovery of zinc metal, also improved resource utilization and valuable metal comprehensive recovery simultaneously.
3, effectively utilize the zinc oxide ore of the resource 5-10% of low grade ore, solved high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore and reached industrial utilization value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of combination treatment high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore of the present invention.
See among the figure: earlier zinc oxide ore is delivered to flotation operation adding related agents behind fragmentation, ball milling and separate; Obtain zinc oxide concentrate, concentrate is put into reactive tank and stirring reaction as leaching operation raw material usefulness with sulphuric acid soln; Leach liquor after reaction finishes is sent back to and is received indium germanium usefulness; And leached mud and weakly acid soln are put into reactive tank and stirring reaction, and reaction back solution returns the beneficiating and grinding ore operation, and the leached mud after washing send comprehensive recovery system to reclaim valuable metals such as lead, silver; Leach liquor is controlled well after the temperature, added zinc powder and replace indium germanium, solution supplies Zn system usefulness, obtains indium germanium slag and send comprehensive recovery system to reclaim indium germanium.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1:
Embodiment 1:
High silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore raw ore composition (weight %): Zn:12.88%, Pb:5.02%, Cu:0.068%, Cd:0.021%, Fe:23.74%, Ag:0.038%, In:0.012%, Ge:0.006%, SiO
2: CaO:8.48% 24.88%,, zinc oxidation ratio 93%.
With above-mentioned raw materials through following process steps:
(1) the raw ore wet type is broken, ball milling is milled to the ore particle degree and accounts for 75-90% less than-0.074mm.
(2) will go up the step ore grinding and handle the back ore pulp and adjust concentration 32%, add yellow soda ash adjustment ore pulp PH=10, stir 10min; The amount of pressing the 380g/t raw ore adds dispersion agent; The amount of pressing the 1800g/t raw ore adds acvator, and the amount of pressing the 220g/t raw ore adds collecting agent, and the amount of pressing the 38g/t raw ore adds pore forming material; Bubbling air stirs flotation, obtains zinc oxide concentrate.
(3) mine tailing that will go up the step is sent into the wet magnetic separation system, carries out sorting by existing sophisticated magnetic separation technology, and control magnetic strength T=1.5-2.0 obtains iron ore concentrate.
(4) 2 step output zinc oxide concentrates are added with the zinc electrolysis waste solution leach operation in the leaching vat, the control leaching condition is: the ore deposit is with liquid-solid ratio: 5:1, and answering temperature is 80 ℃, and reaction times: 90 ~ 120min leaches terminal point PH=2.0.Carry out liquid-solid separation, leach liquor supplies heavy indium germanium operation usefulness, and leached mud gives next step washery slag to handle.
(5) leach liquor that will go up the step heats controlled temperature: 80 ℃, press 8kg/m
3The amount of solution adds zinc powder, carries out liquid-solid separation, obtains indium germanium enrichment slag.
(6) leached mud and the ore dressing solution with 4 steps together adds reactive tank and stirring, and controlled temperature: 60 ℃, time: 60min carries out liquid-solid separation, and solution returns wet ball grinding.
Each leading indicator is following:
Zinc ore dressing-leaching the recovery: 91.26%
Zinc leaching rate: 92.24%
Slag: Zn:2.05%
Filtration velocity: 50.17Kg/m
2.h
Iron ore concentrate iron content: 50.49%
Indium germanium enrichment slag: In:0.14%, Ge:0.092%
Embodiment 2:
High silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore raw ore composition: Zn:8.8%, Pb:1.05%, Cd:0.02%, Fe:23.99%, Ag:0.016%, In:0.085%, Ge:0.012%, SiO
2: CaO:9.24% 37.41%,, zinc oxidation ratio 96%.
With above-mentioned raw materials through following process steps:
(1) the raw ore wet type is broken, ball milling is milled to the ore particle degree and accounts for 85% less than-0.074mm.
(2) will go up the step ore grinding and handle the back ore pulp and adjust concentration 30%, add yellow soda ash adjustment ore pulp PH=10.5, stir 6min; The amount of pressing the 520g/t raw ore adds dispersion agent; The amount of pressing the 2200g/t raw ore adds acvator, and the amount of pressing the 200g/t raw ore adds collecting agent, and the amount of pressing the 30g/t raw ore adds pore forming material; Bubbling air stirs flotation, obtains zinc oxide concentrate.
(3) mine tailing that will go up the step is sent into the wet magnetic separation system, carries out sorting by existing sophisticated magnetic separation technology, and control magnetic strength T=1.5-2.0 obtains iron ore concentrate.
(4) 2 step output zinc oxide concentrates are added with the zinc electrolysis waste solution leach operation in the leaching vat, the control leaching condition is: the ore deposit is with liquid-solid ratio: 7:1, and answering temperature is 75 ℃, and reaction times: 90 ~ 120min leaches terminal point PH=1.5.Carry out liquid-solid separation, leach liquor supplies heavy indium germanium operation usefulness, and leached mud gives next step washery slag to handle.
(5) leach liquor that will go up the step heats controlled temperature: 85 ℃, press 5kg/m
3The amount of solution adds zinc powder, carries out liquid-solid separation, obtains indium germanium enrichment slag.
(6) leached mud and the ore dressing solution with 4 steps together adds reactive tank and stirring, and controlled temperature: 60 ℃, time: 60min carries out liquid-solid separation, and solution returns wet ball grinding.
Each leading indicator is following:
Zinc ore dressing-leaching the recovery: 90.88%
Zinc leaching rate: 95.72%
Slag: Zn:1.54%
Filtration velocity: 51.54Kg/m
2.h
Iron ore concentrate iron content: 48.71%
Indium germanium enrichment slag: In:0.107%, Ge:0.19%.
Claims (6)
1. the method for combination treatment high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore ore dressing is characterized in that: comprise following process step:
(1) wet ball-milling: zinc oxide ore is after fragmentation, and the release grinding machine carries out ore grinding, and reaching to the ore particle degree that 180 ~ 200 orders account for is 80 ~ 90% ore pulps, supplies beneficiating process to use;
(2) ore dressing A: with adjusting ore pulp after the ore grinding processing; The amount of pressing the 100-500g/t raw ore adds dispersion agent, and the amount of pressing the 1000-3000g/t raw ore adds acvator, and the amount of pressing the 50-300g/t raw ore adds collecting agent; The amount of pressing the 10-100g/t raw ore adds pore forming material; Obtain zinc oxide concentrate, concentrate supplies to leach usefulness, and mine tailing selects iron;
(3) ore dressing B: the mine tailing of ore dressing A is sent into the wet magnetic separation system, obtain iron ore concentrate and mine tailing, mine tailing send the security landfill field to dispose after filtering;
(4) leach: (1) step output zinc oxide concentrate and zinc electrolysis waste solution are together dropped into also unlatching stirring in the reactive tank; The control ore deposit is with liquid-solid ratio: 5 ~ 8:1; Answering temperature is 60 ~ 90 ℃; Stirring reaction time: 90 ~ 120min, last solution pH value rises gradually, leaches terminal point pH value: 1.0-3.5;
Leach liquor after reaction finishes supplies heavy indium germanium operation usefulness, and leached mud gives next step washery slag to handle;
(5) heavy indium germanium enrichment: after utilizing (4) step leach liquor to heat up, add zinc powder and replace indium germanium, temperature: 60 ~ 90 ℃, press 2-10kg/m
3The amount of solution adds zinc powder, obtains indium germanium slag and send comprehensive recovery system to reclaim indium germanium;
(6) washery slag: the leached mud and the weakly acid soln of (4) step are together dropped into reactive tank and stirring, washery slag time: 30 ~ 60min, temperature of reaction: 50 ~ 80 ℃, washery slag solution returns wet ball grinding, and it is plumbous, silver-colored that the leached mud after washing send comprehensive recovery system to reclaim.
2. the method for combination treatment high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore according to claim 1 ore dressing; It is characterized in that: the steps A of operation (2) is to adopt the reverse flotation mode to handle high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore; Zinc weight content: 5-15%; Plumbous weight content: 1-5%, indium weight content 50-200g/t, germanium weight content 50-150g/t; Ore dressing pulp density: 25-35%, pH value 8-~ 11, churning time: 6 ~ 10min; The adjustment agent be in lime, yellow soda ash, the sodium hydroxide one or more; Dispersion agent is a kind of in Sodium hexametaphosphate 99, the sodium humate; Collecting agent is an a kind of or mixed amine in 12 ~ stearylamine; Pore forming material is a pine camphor oil; Concrete medicament kind is selected and consumption is looked composition of ores and character and decide.
3. the method for combination treatment high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore according to claim 1 ore dressing, it is characterized in that: the flotation tailings of the step B of operation (2) takes prior art magnetic separation mode to sort the iron ore material.
4. the method for combination treatment high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore according to claim 1 ore dressing; It is characterized in that: the zinc oxide concentrate of (2) step is as this operation raw material; Temperature of reaction is 60 ~ 90 ℃; Reaction times: 90 ~ 120min leaches terminal point pH value: 1.0-3.5, and leach liquor supplies heavy indium germanium operation to use.
5. the method for combination treatment high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore according to claim 1 ore dressing, it is characterized in that: operation (4) step leach liquor is warmed up to 60 ~ 90 ℃, adds zinc powder and replaces indium germanium, presses 2-20kg/m
3The amount of solution adds zinc powder, the reaction times: 60 ~ 120min.
6. the method for combination treatment high silicon iron oxidase complex zinc lean ore according to claim 1 ore dressing is characterized in that: operation (4) is sunk indium germanium enrichment operation, is that washery slag solution returns wet ball grinding, and it is plumbous, silver-colored that the leached mud after washing send comprehensive recovery system to reclaim.
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| US10400306B2 (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2019-09-03 | Summit Mining International Inc. | Brine leaching process for recovering valuable metals from oxide materials |
| CN104152685A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-11-19 | 广西金山铟锗冶金化工有限公司 | Method for wet recovery of zinc and silver from low-grade zinc oxide crude ore |
| CN104630461A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-20 | 攀钢集团钛业有限责任公司 | Titanium ore pellet and preparation method thereof |
| CN107899752A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-04-13 | 石全能 | Aoxidize zinc collector and preparation method and application |
| CN108130423A (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2018-06-08 | 云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司 | It is a kind of that the germanic new method of lead skim is reduced using pre- leach of alkalinity |
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Application publication date: 20121003 |