CN101930081B - Automatic identification and suppression method of single-frequency interference in seismic records - Google Patents
Automatic identification and suppression method of single-frequency interference in seismic records Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic identification and suppression method of single-frequency interference in seismic records of geophysical exploration, which comprises the following steps of: firstly, carrying out frequency domain energy statistics on a record before first arrival of each input gather, marking a single-frequency range with energy obviously higher than adjacent frequency ranges as a single-frequency interference channel, searching the accurate frequency value f of the single-frequency interference through an amplitude spectrum, and splitting the single-frequency interference channel for DC treatment; then, putting the sample point value of the split channel back to the original position to form a channel, and repeatedly processing all channels containing single-frequency interference to obtain an improved overlapped offset profile. The invention effectively increases the signal to noise ratio of seismic data without influencing the original wave field characteristics of normal channels.
Description
Affiliated field
The present invention relates to the treatment technology of geological data in the geophysical survey, is automatic identification and drawing method that a kind of seismologic record single-frequency is disturbed.
Background technology
Present seismic exploration technique mainly utilizes longitudinal wave exploration to obtain underground structure information; Fully utilize other existing data again and confirm drilling position; But in the seismic prospecting of reality; Data quality can receive the influence of various factors, disturbs such as the single-frequency that generator, hi-line and various commercial units etc. produce, and these disturb sometimes data quality to be caused and have a strong impact on.
Seismic exploration technique is exactly in surface seismic exploration and well, to utilize background interference energy information before the primary wave of seismic data of wave detector or receiver pattern collection in the seismic prospecting; Obtain the frequency distribution information of interference wave; Make single-frequency disturb in time domain through the road deconsolidation process and become direct current or nearly dc energy; Dope single-frequency through the multiple spot medium filtering then and disturb, realize compacting, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismologic record the single-frequency interference through subraction; Improve the precision of Data Processing achievement, and then provide through data interpretation and to drill well location more reliably.
In geological data was handled, existing various single-frequency noise drawing methods mainly comprised frequency filtering method, time domain fitting process etc.
Oil-field development district or well site are when carrying out seismic prospecting, and industrial noise is more serious, and especially the 50Hz single-frequency is disturbed.Because it is generally more concentrated at the frequency field energy that single-frequency is disturbed; Frequency to the single-frequency interference; The frequency filtering method can design trapper and remove most of single-frequency interfering energy, but also can cause irremediable loss to this frequency range significant wave, also has problems such as Gibbs' effect simultaneously.
The time domain fitting process can scan single-frequency wave frequency and time delay in time domain, at utmost approaches monochromatic, then it is deducted.The time domain fitting process disturbs the stack with the sine function and the cosine function of various amplitude with single-frequency; Acquiring method is more succinct; But once only carry out the match compacting to the interference of a frequency, when disturbing for the many groups single-frequency that has integral multiple, operand is multiplied.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of effective raising seismic data, automatic identification and drawing method that original wave field characteristics, the operand that does not influence wrap seismologic record single-frequency little, that do not have Gibbs' effect is disturbed.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme:
1) utilize single wave detector or string the combination obtain seismologic record;
2) record before the first arrival of each input channel collection is carried out the frequency field energy statistics, frequency range contains the single-frequency interference way when being designated as greater than the threshold value markers apparently higher than successive bands at the single-frequency place for energy;
The described frequency field energy statistics of step 2 is to select a frequency interval Δ f; At the frequency range f1-f2 that possibly exist single-frequency to disturb; Carry out the stack of spectral amplitude energy by frequency interval Δ f; The energy stack of normal frequency spectrum is general less with the ratio R of side frequency energy stack at interval, can think that when greater than threshold value Th this road contains single-frequency and disturbs, and Taoist monastic name is noted.
3) the accurate frequency values f that disturbs through spectral amplitude search single-frequency;
The accurate frequency values f that the described search single-frequency of step 3 is disturbed compares the frequency interval pointwise that spectral amplitude exists single-frequency to disturb, and finds out maximal value, and the corresponding frequency f of maximal value is the single-frequency interfering frequency;
4) be split as the n road for being labeled as the road that contains the single-frequency interference,
Ask for n according to following formula,
Wherein: the frequency values that the f single-frequency is disturbed, Δ t is the SI, and unit is a millisecond, and Ceil gets the smallest positive integral that is not less than this value for following bracket function,
Each point of the track data that will import according to following formula is put into the corresponding sampling point position that splits n road, back, forms the n track data:
k＝ceil(i/n) (2)
j＝i-(k-1)×n (3)
In the formula: split k the sampling point that is positioned at the j road after preceding i sampling point splits;
5) road after splitting is carried out DC processing;
The described DC processing of step 5) is if the road sampling rate after splitting is constant; Then split the monochromatic occurrence frequency aliasing of back single-frequency interference and integral multiple thereof; Become 0Hz or near 0Hz; Be dc energy, at this moment DC component predicted, utilize subraction to deduct then through the multiple spot medium filtering.
The sample value that 6) will split n road, back is put back into the origin-location and forms together repeating step 4), 5), 6) handle all and contain the road that single-frequency is disturbed;
7) record after the denoising is carried out processing such as static correction, NMO correction, deconvolution, stack, skew, stack, migrated section after obtaining to improve.
The present invention utilizes single-frequency to disturb in the characteristic of time domain and frequency field to differentiate and suppress; Improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data effectively; Because denoising is only carried out, not influencing the original wave field characteristics of wrap simultaneously on interference way, is a kind of denoising method of relative fidelity.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the single big gun (left side) of the 3D-VSP of instance 1, trapper filtering (in) and denoising comparison diagram of the present invention (right side);
Fig. 2 is the single big gun (left side) of the 3D-VSP of instance 1, trapper filtering (in) and frequency spectrum comparison diagram of the present invention (right side);
Fig. 3 be the single big gun of the 3D-VSP of instance 1 (on), trapper filtering (in) and frequency spectrum of the present invention amplify comparison diagram (descending);
Fig. 4 is the demonstration after the road of instance 1 splits;
Fig. 5 is the single big gun (left side) of the 3D-VSP of instance 2, trapper filtering (in) and denoising comparison diagram of the present invention (right side);
Fig. 6 is the single big gun (left side) of the 3D-VSP of instance 2, trapper filtering (in) and frequency spectrum comparison diagram of the present invention (right side);
Fig. 7 is the single big gun (left side) of the 3D-VSP of instance 2, trapper filtering (in) and frequency spectrum of the present invention amplification comparison diagram (right side)
Fig. 8 is the demonstration after the road of instance 2 splits.
Embodiment
Specify below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The present invention gathers seismologic record with open-air single wave detector or string combination; Utilizing the preceding amplitude statistics of first arrival that single-frequency is disturbed searches in the distribution of frequency field; And the road of differentiation wrap and single-frequency serious interference, utilize the principle that splits to make single-frequency disturb in time domain then and become direct current or nearly dc energy, dope single-frequency through the multiple spot medium filtering then and disturb; Realize compacting through subraction, improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismologic record the single-frequency interference.
Details are as follows for specific embodiments of the present invention and step:
1) utilize single wave detector or string the combination obtain seismologic record;
In the acquiring seismic data process, influenced by generator interference, commercial power induction etc., can occur single-frequency documentarily and disturb; Generally near 50Hz; The interference of this frequency integral multiple possibly occur, these interference are not the reflection of underground seismic wave field yet, general energy stabilization; Change in time very little, interference wave amplitude and phase place not quite identical (see Fig. 1 is left, Fig. 5 left) between the recording channel.Adopt trapper to carry out Filtering Processing and can suppress single-frequency and disturb, but thorough inadequately, and have Gibbs' effect (see among Fig. 1, Fig. 5 in).
2) record before the first arrival of each input channel collection is carried out the frequency field energy statistics, frequency range contains the single-frequency interference way when being designated as greater than the threshold value markers apparently higher than successive bands at the single-frequency place for energy;
The described frequency field energy statistics of step 2 is to select a frequency interval Δ f; At the frequency range f1-f2 that possibly exist single-frequency to disturb; Carry out the stack of spectral amplitude energy by frequency interval Δ f; The energy stack of normal frequency spectrum is general less with the ratio R of side frequency energy stack at interval, can think that when greater than threshold value Th this road contains single-frequency and disturbs, and Taoist monastic name is noted.With these purposes of disturbing the road of pollution to identify out is to make follow-up denoising more targeted, and the road that letting does not have to pollute maintains the original state, and has also reduced calculated amount simultaneously.
3) the accurate frequency values f that disturbs through spectral amplitude search single-frequency;
The accurate frequency values f that the described search single-frequency of step 3 is disturbed compares the frequency interval pointwise that spectral amplitude exists single-frequency to disturb, and finds out maximal value, and the corresponding frequency f of maximal value is the single-frequency interfering frequency.The single-frequency interfering frequency is tried to achieve accurate more, and the precision of subsequent calculations is high more.
4) be split as the n road, the road after the fractionation such as Fig. 4, shown in Figure 8 for being labeled as the road that contains the single-frequency interference;
Ask for n according to following formula,
Wherein: the frequency values that the f single-frequency is disturbed, Δ t is the SI, and unit is a millisecond, and Ceil gets the smallest positive integral that is not less than this value for following bracket function,
Each point of the track data that will import according to following formula is put into the corresponding sampling point position that splits n road, back, forms the n track data:
k＝ceil(i/n) (2)
j＝i-(k-1)×n (3)
In the formula: split k the sampling point that is positioned at the j road after preceding i sampling point splits.
Based on the sampling law, the occurrence frequency aliasing becomes direct current or nearly direct current frequency composition to the road after the fractionation owing to owe sampling, for next step processing lays the foundation.
5) road after splitting is carried out DC processing;
The described DC processing of step 5) is if the road sampling rate after splitting is constant; Then split the monochromatic occurrence frequency aliasing of back single-frequency interference and integral multiple thereof; Become 0Hz or near 0Hz; Be the direct current frequency composition, at this moment DC component predicted, utilize subraction to deduct then through the multiple spot medium filtering.Significant wave is generally the wideband data, and the characteristics that become when having, and therefore in above-mentioned processing, obtains keeping.
The sample value that 6) will split n road, back is put back into the origin-location and forms together repeating step 4), 5), 6) handle all and contain roads that single-frequency disturbs (see Fig. 1 is right, Fig. 5 right);
Compare with raw readings frequency spectrum (see Fig. 2 left side, Fig. 3 is last, Fig. 6 is left, Fig. 7 is left); Go single-frequency to disturb back frequency spectrum (see that Fig. 2 is right, under Fig. 3, Fig. 6 is right, Fig. 7 is right) to can't see the single-frequency interfering energy; Compare with frequency spectrum after the trapper filtering (see among Fig. 2, among Fig. 3, among Fig. 6, among Fig. 7); Do not have the trap band, significant wave has obtained good reservation.Fig. 3, Fig. 7 are enlarged and displayed figure, and frequency field contrast characteristic is clearer.
7) record after the denoising is carried out processing such as static correction, NMO correction, deconvolution, stack, skew, stack, migrated section after obtaining to improve.Through construct, interpretation work such as lithology, and then more accurate and reliable well location is provided.
Oil-field development district or well site are when carrying out seismic prospecting, and industrial noise is more serious, and especially the 50Hz single-frequency is disturbed.This paper utilizes single-frequency to disturb in the characteristic of time domain and frequency field to differentiate and suppress; Improved the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of seismic data effectively; Because denoising is only carried out, not influencing the original wave field characteristics of wrap simultaneously on interference way, is a kind of denoising method of relative fidelity.
Be verification the verifying results, adopt the present invention's test at following two instances respectively, details are as follows:
Instance one
Seismic data is gathered data for the three-component three-dimensional VSP, because the generator on the construction well site can't cut out, a lot of roads have the single-frequency of induction to disturb on seismologic record, and interference range reaches hundreds of rice.Well site single-frequency interfering energy mainly concentrates on (Fig. 1 left side) on the single-frequency of 50Hz and integral multiple thereof, utilizes general trapper to carry out filtering, and the interference wave energy is pressed on the lower level, but still clean (among Fig. 1) inadequately.Through finding out after this method removal single-frequency, interference wave compacting back energy is starkly lower than reflected wave field, can't see single-frequency basically and has disturbed, and compares signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) with trapper filtering and obviously improves (Fig. 1 is right).Frequency spectrum shows that single-frequency is disturbed and is 50Hz and integral multiple single-frequency thereof (Fig. 2 left side, Fig. 3 last); After trapper filtering; The respective frequencies section has formed the trap band, and corresponding significant wave also is pressed (among Fig. 2, among Fig. 3), and adopts the inventive method; 50Hz and integral multiple single-frequency thereof have obtained effective removal, and significant wave is not pressed (under Fig. 2 right side, Fig. 3) yet.
Data presentation can be found out after the fractionation of Fig. 4; Single-frequency is disturbed and after fractionation, is shown as DC component; Therefore can adopt the various direct current methods of simply going to remove, this instance adopts multiple spot medium filtering prediction DC component, rejects interfering energy with subraction then.
Instance two
The various industrial plants of oil producing region can produce the single-frequency induced noise when seismic prospecting was carried out in large-scale oil field, and some noise can't be avoided when gathering, and some can be avoided but need the high shut-down damages of payment.Because 3D-VSP well site industrial electro induction when gathering has formed large-area interference on single big gun seismologic record, the interference way number can reach more than 50% during this example was gathered.These interfering energies extremely strong (Fig. 5 a left side) mainly concentrate near the frequency of 50Hz and integral multiple thereof, utilize a plurality of trapper combined filters, and the interference wave energy is pressed on the lower level, but clean (among Fig. 5) inadequately.Utilize the inventive method, can find out through the contrast of time domain, interference wave compacting back energy has been starkly lower than reflected wave field (Fig. 5 is right); Frequency spectrum shows that single-frequency is disturbed and is 50Hz and integral multiple single-frequency thereof (Fig. 6 left side, Fig. 7 left) that after trapper filtering, the respective frequencies section has formed the trap band; Corresponding significant wave also is pressed (among Fig. 6, among Fig. 7); And employing the inventive method, 50Hz and integral multiple single-frequency thereof have obtained effective removal, and significant wave is not pressed (Fig. 6 right, Fig. 7 right) yet.
Data presentation can be found out after the fractionation of Fig. 8; Single-frequency is disturbed and after fractionation, is shown as approximate DC component; Therefore can adopt the various direct current methods of simply going to remove, this instance adopts multiple spot medium filtering prediction DC component, rejects interfering energy with subraction then.
Claims (1)
1. the automatic identification and the drawing method that disturb of a seismologic record single-frequency, characteristic is to realize according to following concrete steps:
1) utilize single wave detector or string the combination obtain seismologic record;
2) record before the first arrival of each input channel collection is carried out the frequency field energy statistics, frequency range contains the single-frequency interference way when being designated as greater than the threshold value markers apparently higher than successive bands at the single-frequency place for energy;
Described frequency domain energy statistics is to select a frequency interval Δ f; At the frequency range f1-f2 that possibly exist single-frequency to disturb; Carry out the stack of amplitude spectrum energy by frequency interval Δ f; The energy stack of normal frequency spectrum is general less with the ratio R of side frequency energy stack at interval; Can think that when greater than threshold value Th this road contains single-frequency and disturbs, Taoist monastic name is noted;
3) the accurate frequency values f that disturbs through spectral amplitude search single-frequency;
The accurate frequency values f that described search single-frequency is disturbed compares the frequency interval pointwise that spectral amplitude exists single-frequency to disturb, and finds out maximal value, and the corresponding frequency f of maximal value is the single-frequency interfering frequency;
4) be split as the n road for being labeled as the road that contains the single-frequency interference,
Ask for n according to following formula,
Wherein: f is the frequency values that single-frequency is disturbed, and Δ t is the SI, and unit is a millisecond, and Ceil gets the smallest positive integral that is not less than calculated value for following bracket function,
Each point of the track data that will import according to following formula is put into the corresponding sampling point position that splits n road, back, forms the n track data:
k＝ceil(i/n) (2)
j＝i-(k-1)×n (3)
In the formula: split k the sampling point that is positioned at the j road after preceding i sampling point splits;
5) road after splitting is carried out DC processing;
Described DC processing is if the road sampling rate after splitting is constant; Split then that the back single-frequency is disturbed and the monochromatic occurrence frequency aliasing of integral multiple, become 0Hz or, be i.e. dc energy near 0Hz; At this moment through the multiple spot medium filtering DC component is predicted, utilized subraction to deduct then;
The sample value that 6) will split n road, back is put back into the origin-location and forms together repeating step 4) to 6) handle all and contain the road that single-frequency is disturbed;
7) record after the denoising is carried out static correction, NMO correction, deconvolution, stack, migration processing, stack, migrated section after obtaining to improve.
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| CN102841381B (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2015-12-16 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of single frequency interference wave drawing method based on grouping linear fit principle |
| CN102998701B (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of sleeve pipe harmonic separation method |
| CN105242314A (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2016-01-13 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method for suppressing AC noise in seismic data |
| CN105242309B (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2017-11-10 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | The drawing method and device of rule interference in a kind of geological data |
| CN107102357A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2017-08-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Eliminate the Processing Seismic Data and device of mono-tone interference |
| CN106125132B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-12-18 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Iterative identification and suppression method for seismic channel containing single-frequency interference |
| CN106680873B (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2018-12-07 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of amplitude spectrum ratio approach of automatic measurement seismic data harmonic noise power |
| CN111766631B (en) * | 2019-04-01 | 2022-12-02 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Surface wave pressing method and device |
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| US6446008B1 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2002-09-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Adaptive seismic noise and interference attenuation method |
| CN100349007C (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2007-11-14 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for eliminating single frequency interference in signal of seismological record |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6446008B1 (en) * | 1998-05-20 | 2002-09-03 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Adaptive seismic noise and interference attenuation method |
| CN100349007C (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2007-11-14 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for eliminating single frequency interference in signal of seismological record |
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