CN101923001A - Moving image modulation transfer function measuring method based on gray threshold segmentation algorithm - Google Patents
Moving image modulation transfer function measuring method based on gray threshold segmentation algorithm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a moving image modulation transfer function measuring method based on a gray threshold segmentation algorithm, belonging to the field of optical property measurement. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, switching off a point light source, forming an image by an image sensor, and taking the maximum value of each pixel grey value in the recorded image as a threshold; then, lighting and moving the point light source, forming an image by the image sensor once again to obtain an intensity point expansion function image, and correcting the point expansion function image by using a gray threshold segmentation algorithm; and finally, obtaining a two-dimensional motion dynamic target modulation transfer function through two-dimensional Fourier transform and impression taking. When the point light source does a one-dimensional motion, an intensity line expansion function can be extracted from the intensity point expansion function, and a one-dimensional motion moving image modulation transfer function is obtained through utilizing one-dimensional Fourier transform and impression taking. The method not only can eliminate background light and the dark current of the image sensor, but also can eliminate random noise, and simultaneously gives considerations to the one-dimensional moving state and the two-dimensional moving state. The measurement step is simple.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to the measuring method of modulation transfer function in the optical property field tests, specifically, is the measuring method about moving image modulation transfer function.
Background technology
Moving image modulation transfer function be quantitative description time delay imaging system in the dynamic object imaging process, target travel causes the important parameter of picture element degree of degeneration.Measure moving image modulation transfer function, obtain transfer curve, not only can obtain the degree that picture element is degenerated, and can analyze picture element be degenerated to because of, more motion blur image restoration provides theoretical foundation.
1992, introduced in SPIE the 1971st volume " Real-Time Numerical Calculation of Optical Transfer Function forImage Motion and Vibration.Part 1:Experiment Verification " literary composition a kind of with pointolite as dynamic object, ask the thought of moving image modulation transfer function.Its constructive method is as target with pointolite, be placed on the platform that can carry its motion, pointolite between moving period by CCD to its imaging, obtain moving picture, mathematic(al) manipulation is carried out to it near the sub-fraction interval of choosing the pointolite picture in the blurred picture (40 * 150 pixel), obtains moving image modulation transfer function.This method thinks that the size of pointolite can ignore, and by choosing the method for a minizone, imageing sensor dark current, background light and random noise outside should the interval can be filtered, but its weak point is: 1. do not consider the influence of the diffraction, aberration of camera lens in the imaging process the moving image modulation transfer function measurement result; 2. do not consider that in selected interval range the dark current of imageing sensor, background light and random noise are added in the point source image, to the influence of moving image modulation transfer function measurement result.
Chinese patent publication number 101354307, open day on 01 28th, 2009, invention " dynamic target modulation transfer function measurement method and device " disclosed a kind of instrument and method of measuring moving image modulation transfer function.This patent of invention can solve two problems that exist in the described moving image modulation transfer function measuring method of above-mentioned article to a certain extent.The main composition of the described instrument of this patent of invention is that pointolite is placed on the guide rail according to light ray propagation direction collocation point light source, optical system and imageing sensor successively, and can be imaged onto on the imageing sensor by optical system.The method of measuring is static and during with guide rail movement at pointolite, imageing sensor carries out imaging respectively, obtain static object image and dynamic object image, can obtain static object modulation transfer function and moving image modulation transfer function respectively by this two width of cloth image, at last at the respective frequencies place, with initial dynamic target modulation transfer function divided by initial static target modulation transport function to reach the correction purpose.This patent of invention has been taken all factors into consideration the influence to the moving image modulation transfer function measurement result of optical system diffraction, aberration, imageing sensor dark current, bias light, the method that has adopted initial dynamic target modulation transfer function and initial static target modulation transport function to be divided by, therefore to a certain extent filtering in the imaging process, the diffraction of optical system, aberration are to the influence of moving image modulation transfer function measurement result; Because the modification method that this invention is adopted: initial dynamic target modulation transfer function is at entire image divided by initial static target modulation transport function, rather than the regional modification method of a part in this image, second problem that therefore also can not occur in the article being occurred: in a certain regional extent, imageing sensor dark current, background light can be added in the point source image, and the moving image modulation transfer function final measurement is impacted.But this method also has its weak point to be: 1. this method is not considered the influence of random noise to the moving image modulation transfer function measurement result, therefore finally makes the measurement result of moving image modulation transfer function be the burr shape;
2. the final utilization of this method is that line spread function obtains moving image modulation transfer function, so this method only is applicable to that the one dimension dynamic object carries out the modulation transfer function measurement, is not suitable for two-dimentional dynamic object.
Chinese patent publication number 101509827, open day on 08 19th, 2009, invention " dynamic target modulation transfer function measurement method " disclosed a kind of method of measuring moving image modulation transfer function.Because the final employing of this method is the form that initial dynamic target modulation transfer function and static object modulation transfer function are divided by, equally can be at first problem in the article in the background technology, optical system diffraction in the filtering imaging process, aberration are to the influence of moving image modulation transfer function measurement result; Again because this patent of invention adopts synthetic still image and synthetic dynamic image to do poor method respectively at interfering picture, therefore equally can be at second problem in the article, filtering imageing sensor dark current, background light are to the influence of moving image modulation transfer function measurement result; The more important thing is, this invention utilizes thresholding method that image is further revised, obtain revising the static object line spread function and revise the dynamic object line spread function, this modification method is at the random noise problem in first problem in first patent in second problem in the article and the background technology, filtering the influence of random noise to moving image modulation transfer function, it is final measurement curve smoothing, though this measuring method can obtain good measurement result, but the weak point of this method is: 1. step is various, needed for 12 steps altogether, comprise images acquired three times, four times at the imageing sensor dark current, the correction image computing of bias light and random noise influence and five mathematical operations for realizing that the moving image modulation transfer function measurement is carried out; What 2. this method was still utilized is that line spread function obtains moving image modulation transfer function, so this method also only is applicable to the measurement of one dimension moving image modulation transfer function.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly the problem that exists at above-mentioned prior art, a kind of bias light, imageing sensor dark current not only can eliminated is provided, and can eliminate random noise, and take into account one dimension, two dimensional motion state simultaneously, the simple moving image modulation transfer function measuring method of measuring method reaches and reduces measuring error, enlarges the measuring method scope of application, makes the simple purpose of measuring method by reducing measuring process.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the moving image modulation transfer function measuring method based on gray threshold segmentation algorithm may further comprise the steps:
A. close pointolite, imageing sensor imaging, the composograph of document image sensor dark current image, background image and noise image;
B. light pointolite, it is moved in the plane parallel with imageing sensor, the imageing sensor imaging, record includes the hot spot spread function image of this motion state of imageing sensor dark current image, background image and noise image;
C. in the composograph that obtains in a step, with the maximal value of each grey scale pixel value as the gray-scale value threshold value;
D. the hot spot spread function image that the b step is obtained carries out the gray level threshold segmentation computing, and gray-scale value is modified to 0 smaller or equal to the pixel of threshold value with its gray-scale value in the image, obtains revised hot spot spread function;
E. the d step is obtained revised hot spot spread function and carry out two-dimensional Fourier transform and delivery, obtain the two dimensional motion moving image modulation transfer function under this motion state.
Above-mentioned moving image modulation transfer function measuring method when investigating the motion in one dimension moving image modulation transfer function, since the b step, may further comprise the steps:
B '. light pointolite, make it in the plane parallel with imageing sensor, and move along image sensor line or column direction, the imageing sensor imaging, record includes the hot spot spread function image of this motion state of imageing sensor dark current image, background image and noise image;
C '. in the composograph that obtains in a step, with the maximal value of each grey scale pixel value as the gray-scale value threshold value;
D '. the hot spot spread function image that the b ' step is obtained carries out the gray level threshold segmentation computing, and gray-scale value is modified to 0 smaller or equal to the pixel of threshold value with its gray-scale value in the image, obtains revised hot spot spread function image;
E '. obtain in the revised hot spot spread function image in the d ' step, the whole row or column grey scale pixel value information of pointolite as inswept row or column is extracted, as the revised intensity line spread function of this motion state image;
F '. the e ' step is obtained revised intensity line spread function image carry out one-dimensional Fourier transform and delivery, obtain the motion in one dimension moving image modulation transfer function under this motion state.
When investigating the modulation transfer function of the moving picture of motion in one dimension, d ', the e ' step also can be according to following steps:
D ". go on foot in the hot spot spread function image that obtains at b ', the whole row or column grey scale pixel value information of pointolite as inswept row or column is extracted, as the intensity line spread function image of this motion state;
E ". to d " the intensity line spread function image that obtains of step carries out the gray level threshold segmentation computing, gray-scale value is modified to 0 smaller or equal to the pixel of threshold value with its gray-scale value in the image, obtains revised intensity line spread function image.
Compared with prior art, characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
The first, the characteristics of measuring method of the present invention are: to the correction algorithm of hot spot spread function, at first find the gray-scale value threshold value according to composograph, and with in the hot spot spread function, gray-scale value all is modified to 0 smaller or equal to the grey scale pixel value of this threshold value.Be different from the method that prior art adopts: will synthesize dynamic image and synthetic interfering picture and do poorly, and and further revise.So the correction algorithm in the measuring method of the present invention is one of innovative point that is different from existing method.
The beneficial effect that these characteristics are brought is: in the hot spot spread function, gray-scale value all is modified to 0 smaller or equal to the grey scale pixel value of threshold value, therefore imageing sensor dark current and the bias light in the point spread function image that is added to can be filtered out, so the method for the invention can have been eliminated the influence to the moving image modulation transfer function measurement result of bias light, imageing sensor dark current; The more important thing is, the present invention is the maximal value of each grey scale pixel value in the composograph with this threshold setting, choosing of this threshold value, the random noise that point spread function may exist also together can be filtered out, the method for the invention can be eliminated the influence of random noise to the moving image modulation transfer function measurement result.
Second, the characteristics of measuring method of the present invention are: in the process of calculating moving image modulation transfer function, all the time kept the hot spot spread function of representing two-dimensional signal, be different from the method that prior art adopts, before finishing to the moving image modulation transfer function correction algorithm, just line spread function need be extracted from point spread function, so just can keep the intensity line spread function of representing one-dimension information.So two-dimensional signal all can be remained in the measuring method of the present invention is one of innovative point that is different from existing method.
The beneficial effect that these characteristics are brought is: owing to kept the hot spot spread function of representing two-dimensional signal, therefore can ask the two dimensional motion moving image modulation transfer function by point spread function, the scope of application that makes moving image modulation transfer function measuring method of the present invention is from the One-Dimensional Extended to the two dimension.
The 3rd, the characteristics of measuring method of the present invention are: only needed for five steps for the two dimensional motion moving image modulation transfer function, only needed for six steps for the motion in one dimension moving image modulation transfer function, be different from prior art (second patent in the background technology) and calculate the motion in one dimension moving image modulation transfer function and needed for 12 steps altogether, and experiment required for the present invention and calculation step only be its 1/2nd.So at most only needing for six steps just moving image modulation transfer function can be calculated in the measuring method of the present invention is one of innovative point that is different from existing method.
The beneficial effect that these characteristics are brought is: because the described measuring method step of this patent is simpler, therefore the computing velocity of moving image modulation transfer function is improved.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the pairing measurement mechanism structural representation of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a hot spot spread function image
Fig. 3 is revised hot spot spread function image
Fig. 4 is two-dimentional moving image modulation transfer function image
Fig. 5 is revised intensity line spread function image
Fig. 6 is the moving image modulation transfer function comparison diagram that distinct methods obtains
Fig. 7 is an intensity line spread function image
Among the figure: 1 pointolite, 2 camera lenses, 3 imageing sensors, 4 slide blocks, 5 guide rails
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the pairing measurement mechanism structural representation of the present invention, along light ray propagation direction collocation point light source 1 successively, camera lens 2, imageing sensor 3, wherein, pointolite 1 is placed on the slide block 4 as target, and slide block 4 both can move along the direction perpendicular to the guide rail 5 of measurement mechanism optical axis, and vertically paper moves up and down again.Wherein, it is the pin hole of 15 μ m that pointolite 1 adopts diameter, and the focal length of camera lens 2 is 50mm, and imageing sensor 3 adopts the MV-1300UM type CMOS of Shaanxi dimensional view picture, and slide block 4 and guide rail 5 adopt the accurate heavy-load type electronic control translation stage of MTS313 type of Beijing optical instrument.
Example 1
Moving image modulation transfer function measuring method based on gray threshold segmentation algorithm of the present invention, step is as follows:
A. close pointolite 1, imageing sensor 3 imagings, the composograph of document image sensor dark current image, background image and noise image.
C. go on foot in the composograph that obtains at a, the maximal value of trying to achieve each grey scale pixel value is 19, so the gray-scale value threshold value is 19.
D. the hot spot spread function image that b step is obtained carries out the gray level threshold segmentation computing, and gray-scale value is modified to 0 smaller or equal to 19 pixel with its gray-scale value in the image, obtains revised hot spot spread function image, as shown in Figure 3.
E. the d step is obtained revised hot spot spread function and carry out two-dimensional Fourier transform and delivery, obtain the two dimensional motion moving image modulation transfer function image under this motion state, as shown in Figure 4.As can be seen from the figure, on the direction of target travel, the modulation transfer function curve descends sooner, and its frequency spectrum is compared non-direction of motion and is compressive state.
Example 2
When present embodiment investigation target is done motion in one dimension, the measurement of moving image modulation transfer function, the corresponding measurement mechanism and the parameters and the embodiment 1 of device are in full accord, and a step of measuring method is also in full accord with embodiment 1, and since the b step, step is as follows:
B '. light pointolite 1, make it in the plane parallel with imageing sensor 3, and do linear uniform motion along the imageing sensor line direction, imageing sensor 3 imagings, record includes the hot spot spread function image of this motion state of imageing sensor dark current image, background image and noise image, as shown in Figure 2.Wherein, in the time shutter, the displacement of the picture of pointolite 1 on imageing sensor 3 surfaces is 108.8 μ m.
C '. go on foot in the composograph that obtains at a, the maximal value of trying to achieve each grey scale pixel value is 19, so the gray-scale value threshold value is 19.
D '. the hot spot spread function image that the b ' step is obtained carries out the gray level threshold segmentation computing, and gray-scale value is modified to 0 smaller or equal to 19 pixel with its gray-scale value in the image, obtains revised hot spot spread function image, as shown in Figure 3.
E '. obtain in the revised hot spot spread function image in the d ' step, the entire row of pixels gray value information of pointolite as inswept row extracted, as the revised intensity line spread function of this motion state image, as shown in Figure 5.
F '. the e ' step is obtained revised intensity line spread function image carry out one-dimensional Fourier transform and delivery, obtain the motion in one dimension moving image modulation transfer function under this motion state, moving image modulation transfer function curve and theoretical curve that the present invention is obtained, and the moving image modulation transfer function curve that adopts the described method of background technology Chinese Zhanghe patent to obtain compares, and comparing result as shown in Figure 6.As can be seen from the figure, the curve that the described method of article obtains in adopting moving image modulation transfer function curve that the described method of patent of the present invention obtains and adopting background technology is compared, obviously more near theoretical model; Compare with the described method of patent in the employing background technology, eliminated the burr phenomena that noise brings to measurement result, make the moving image modulation transfer function curve more level and smooth.
When target is done motion in one dimension, the measurement of moving image modulation transfer function, d ', e ' step also can be as follows:
D ". in the hot spot spread function image that obtains in the b ' step, the entire row of pixels gray value information of pointolite as inswept row extracted, as the intensity line spread function image of this motion state, as shown in Figure 7.
E ". to d " the intensity line spread function image that obtains of step carries out the gray level threshold segmentation computing, gray-scale value is modified to 0 smaller or equal to 19 pixel with its gray-scale value in the image, obtains revised intensity line spread function image, as shown in Figure 5.
Claims (3)
1. moving image modulation transfer function measuring method based on gray threshold segmentation algorithm may further comprise the steps:
A. close pointolite, imageing sensor imaging, the composograph of document image sensor dark current image, background image and noise image;
B. light pointolite, it is moved in the plane parallel with imageing sensor, the imageing sensor imaging, record includes the hot spot spread function image of this motion state of imageing sensor dark current image, background image and noise image;
It is characterized in that further comprising the steps of:
C. in the composograph that obtains in a step, with the maximal value of each grey scale pixel value as the gray-scale value threshold value;
D. the hot spot spread function image that the b step is obtained carries out the gray level threshold segmentation computing, and gray-scale value is modified to 0 smaller or equal to the pixel of threshold value with its gray-scale value in the image, obtains revised hot spot spread function;
E. the d step is obtained revised hot spot spread function and carry out two-dimensional Fourier transform and delivery, obtain the two dimensional motion moving image modulation transfer function under this motion state.
2. the moving image modulation transfer function measuring method based on gray threshold segmentation algorithm according to claim 1 is characterized in that when investigating the motion in one dimension moving image modulation transfer function, since the b step, may further comprise the steps:
B '. light pointolite, make it in the plane parallel with imageing sensor, and move along image sensor line or column direction, the imageing sensor imaging, record includes the hot spot spread function image of this motion state of imageing sensor dark current image, background image and noise image;
C '. in the composograph that obtains in a step, with the maximal value of each grey scale pixel value as the gray-scale value threshold value;
D '. the hot spot spread function image that the b ' step is obtained carries out the gray level threshold segmentation computing, and gray-scale value is modified to 0 smaller or equal to the pixel of threshold value with its gray-scale value in the image, obtains revised hot spot spread function image;
E '. obtain in the revised hot spot spread function image in the d ' step, the whole row or column grey scale pixel value information of pointolite as inswept row or column is extracted, as the revised intensity line spread function of this motion state image;
F '. the e ' step is obtained revised intensity line spread function image carry out one-dimensional Fourier transform and delivery, obtain the motion in one dimension moving image modulation transfer function under this motion state.
3. the moving image modulation transfer function measuring method based on gray threshold segmentation algorithm according to claim 2 is characterized in that the following method of d ', e ' step employing:
D ". go on foot in the hot spot spread function image that obtains at b ', the whole row or column grey scale pixel value information of pointolite as inswept row or column is extracted, as the intensity line spread function image of this motion state;
E ". to d " the intensity line spread function image that obtains of step carries out the gray level threshold segmentation computing, gray-scale value is modified to 0 smaller or equal to the pixel of threshold value with its gray-scale value in the image, obtains revised intensity line spread function image.
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