CN101922591A - Shape memory polymer pipeline and use of shape memory polymer pipeline as aircraft engine intake - Google Patents
Shape memory polymer pipeline and use of shape memory polymer pipeline as aircraft engine intake Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shape memory polymer pipeline and use of the shape memory polymer pipeline as an aircraft engine intake, in particular to a shape memory polymer pipeline and use thereof, which solve the problem that a structure of the conventional aircraft engine intake cannot be deformed according to requirements, so air inflow cannot be regulated and the shape of the air intake cannot be changed to cause that the through capacity of the aircraft engine intake is discordant with the requirement of an engine to influence the aerodynamics performance of an air engine. The shape memory polymer pipeline is made of a shape memory composition material, and the shape memory composition material consists of 5 to 98 volume parts of shape memory polymer materials, 2 to 95 volume parts of reinforcement phase materials and 0 to 100 volume parts of resistance heating materials; and the shape memory polymer pipeline serving as the aircraft engine intake overcomes the defect that the structure of the conventional air intake cannot be deformed according to the requirements, and regulates the air inflow and changes the shape of the air intake, so that the through capacity of the air intake is in accordance with the requirement of the engine to improve the aerodynamics performance of aircrafts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shape-memory polymer pipeline and application thereof.
Background technique
Therefore shape-memory polymer has been subjected to increasing attention owing to can be used for fields such as medical science, space flight, intelligent control.Shape memory polymer material can initiatively produce the big answer distortion up to 100% under the certain condition effect, therefore demonstrate huge application potential in intelligence active distressed structure research field.Shape-memory polymer can be divided into types such as thermic, electricity cause, photic and solution driving by the difference of exiting form.Wherein, the thermotropic shape-memory polymer have exiting form simple, can reply advantages such as the big and speed of response of deformation quantity is fast, study the most extensive.The heat of thermal shape memory polymer-mechanically deformation process: glass transition temperature (Glass Transition Temperature, Tg) more than, shape-memory polymer (rise primary state) is applied external force makes its distortion; Keeping making it be cooled to the following uniform temperature of Tg under the prerequisite of external constraint, remove external constraint, the institute's energy of deformation of composing quilt is kept (deformation states) for a long time; When being heated to glass transition temperature once more when above, recovery of shape (answer attitude) can take place in shape-memory polymer automatically.So far, finish the distortion circulation of " remembered primary state → fixed deformation attitude → recovered primary state ".The research of shape-memory polymer is ripe relatively, thermosetting property and thermoplasticity shape memory polymer materials such as shape memory polyurethane, shape-memory polyester, shape memory epoxy resin, shape-memory cyanate, shape-memory vinyl benzene, shape-memory SB, shape-memory using trans-polyisoprene, shape-memory polynorbornene have occurred, fully used in a lot of fields.
Conventional polymer matrix composites are mainly considered static or quasi-static mechanics load-carrying properties such as the intensity, rigidity of material, are mainly used in structural material.And composite material of shape memory is mainly considered driving, the large deformation dynamic mechanics drive performancies such as (finite deformations) of material, but has the recovery strain more much higher than conventional polymer matrix composites (reaching as high as 100% order of magnitude).With respect to the polymer matrix composites of routine, composite material of shape memory is revolutionary innovation.The composite material of shape memory Young's modulus is big, intensity is higher, and deformation-recovery power is bigger, and stability of motions and reliability are higher, and the shape hold facility is better.
Aircraft engine intake is the general name of a system, it comprises intake duct, auxiliary inlet, air vent and gas-entered passageway, therefore it is one of vitals that guarantees the air breathing engine proper functioning, it directly has influence on the working efficiency of airplane engine, it is to motor proper functioning whether, thrust size etc. has crucial effects, so it has very big influence to aeroplane performance especially fighter.Its effect is: the first, and the air of supply engine certain flow.The second, guarantee that the inlet stream field energy satisfies the requirement of gas compressor and firing chamber proper functioning, the jet-engine compressor inlet velocity is about the 0.3-0.6M of local velocity of sound, and the nonuniformity of stream field has strict restriction.Awing, intake duct will be realized the deceleration supercharging to high velocity air, and the kinetic energy of air-flow is converted into the pressure energy.The shape of intake duct is selected and the layout of position should satisfy the requirement that motor has higher working efficiency, should guarantee that maybe aircraft has optimum performance and requires to guarantee that maybe aircraft can reach the flight optimization performance demands.
Subsonic inlet wherein is circular lip, and intake duct inside is convergent passage a little after the expansion earlier.So first punching press compression descends airspeed, and pressure, temperature raise.Airspeed has rising slightly then, and pressure and temperature has decline slightly, makes air-flow evenly flow into gas compressor.Subsonic inlet simple structure, in light weight also widely adopts on the low supersonic aircraft of Mach 2 ship below 1.6.
Non-adjustable intake duct only under design point can with the motor co-ordination, at this moment intake duct is in best threshold state.Under off design point, such as change of flight speed, the work of intake duct and motor can not be coordinated fully.When motor needed air quantity to surpass the intake duct passing capacity, intake duct was in inefficient supercritical state.When motor needs air quantity to be lower than the intake duct passing capacity, intake duct will be in subcritical overflow situation.Undue subcritical state increases resistance, and causes air inlet surge.For make intake duct under off design point also can with Engine Matching, improve usefulness, extensive use variable geometry inlet.Method commonly used is to regulate throat opening area and swash plate angle, makes the passing capacity of intake duct consistent with the requirement of motor.
Shape-memory polymer and composite material etc. thereof be the appearance and the fast development of deformable material initiatively, for aeronautical technology provides brand-new application means, will promote the development of deformable aviation aircraft structure greatly.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of shape-memory polymer pipeline and as the application of aircraft engine intake, can not be out of shape on request to solve existing aircraft engine intake structure, and then can't regulate the air inlet amount and change the intake duct shape, what cause the passing capacity of aircraft engine intake and motor requires inharmoniously, influences the problem of the aerodynamic performance of airplane engine.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technological scheme of taking to be:
Shape-memory polymer pipeline of the present invention is made by composite material of shape memory, and described composite material of shape memory by volume portion rate is made up of 5～98 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 2～95 parts of reinforcing phase materials and 0～100 part of resistance heating material.Described shape-memory polymer pipeline is as aircraft engine intake.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The invention solves existing aviation aircraft under different flying conditions, the intake duct form structure can not satisfy air input of engine by air and pneumatic performance requirement.The present invention is with respect to traditional fixedly intake duct structure, its advantage be under off design point also can with Engine Matching, improve motor usefulness.The present invention is based on the property that shape-memory polymer has, and the aircraft engine intake structure with shape and variable rigidityization that proposes, having overcome traditional intake duct structure can not be out of shape on request, regulate the air inlet amount and change the intake duct shape, make the passing capacity of intake duct consistent, improve the aerodynamic performance of aircraft with the requirement of motor.
Aircraft deformable intake duct structure based on composite material of shape memory involved in the present invention can change the intake duct profile according to the regime of flight needs.Intake duct under conventional profile cond, work (as Fig. 1).When needs change the intake duct profile, with the temperature of composite material of shape memory intake duct be heated to its more than glass transition temperature after, intake duct externally is deformed into another profile under the driver effect, and cooling back structure maintains this working state (working state two).When needs switched to working state, to the aircraft deformable intake duct structure heating based on composite material of shape memory, at this moment structure can initiatively return to working state one.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is shape-memory polymer intake duct structural drawing (working state one); Fig. 2 is shape-memory polymer intake duct deformation state figure (working state two, the suction port end inwardly shrinks); Fig. 3 is shape-memory polymer intake duct recoil state figure (returning back to working state one again).
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the described shape-memory polymer pipeline of present embodiment is made by composite material of shape memory, and described composite material of shape memory by volume portion rate is made up of 5～98 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 2～95 parts of reinforcing phase materials and 0～100 part of resistance heating material.As carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin shape memory polymer composite material, when carbon fiber content was 20%, the Young's modulus of material was 30GPa.
Embodiment two: the described composite material of shape memory of present embodiment by volume portion rate is made up of 40～90 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 10～60 parts of reinforcing phase materials and 1～99 part of resistance heating material.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: the described composite material of shape memory of present embodiment by volume portion rate is made up of 50 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 50 parts of reinforcing phase materials and 10 parts of resistance heating materials.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment four: the described shape memory polymer material of present embodiment is that polystyrene shape-memory polymer, epoxy resin shape-memory polymer, cyanate are a kind of in shape-memory polymer, shape memory polyurethane, shape-memory polyester, shape-memory SB, shape-memory using trans-polyisoprene or the shape-memory polynorbornene.Other is identical with embodiment one, two or three.
Embodiment five: the described reinforcing phase material of present embodiment is a kind of in carbon fiber, glass fibre, Kevlar fiber or the shape-memory alloy wire; Or the mixing of above fiber.Carbon fiber, glass fibre, Kevlar fiber and shape-memory alloy wire are long fibre.When fibre reinforced materials is more than 2 kinds or 2 kinds the time, between the fibre reinforced materials arbitrary proportion.Other is identical with embodiment four.
Embodiment six: the described reinforcing phase material of present embodiment is a kind of in carbon black, carbon nano-tube or the whisker.Wherein carbon black is a particle; The equal short fibre of carbon nano-tube and whisker.Other is identical with embodiment four.As carbon black filled ethene is that shape-memory polymer is common composite material, can consider to be directly used in the structural material of intake duct, realizes that electricity drives 5 watts/li of driving powers
3
Embodiment seven: present embodiment is that the described shape-memory polymer pipeline of arbitrary mode of execution is as the application of aircraft engine intake in the embodiment one to six, and promptly described shape-memory polymer pipeline is as aircraft engine intake.
Embodiment eight: shown in Fig. 1～3, the described shape-memory polymer pipeline of present embodiment as the detailed process that aircraft engine intake is out of shape is: step 1, maintenance shape-memory polymer intake duct are worked under conventional profile cond, promptly work under the normal temperature state, this state is a working state one; Step 2, when changing the intake duct profile according to the regime of flight needs, when promptly needing to regulate the air inlet amount, with the shape-memory polymer intake duct be heated to its more than glass transition temperature after, intake duct externally is deformed into another profile under the effect of driver, after the cooling shape-memory polymer intake duct maintained this shape and structure and under this shape and structure, carry out work, claim that this working state is a working state two; Step 3, when needs switch to working state for the moment, the shape-memory polymer intake duct is heated, at this moment the shape-memory polymer intake duct after the distortion can initiatively return to working state one.Other is identical with embodiment seven.As in this step, when matrix is the epoxy resin shape-memory polymer mutually, strengthen when being carbon fiber, carbon fiber volume content 20%, the target glass transition temperature that heating arrived of step 2 is 120 ℃, at this moment system can normal deformation.
Embodiment nine: as shown in Figure 1, present embodiment is in step 2, and the deformed shape of shape-memory polymer intake duct is inwardly shunk for its suction port end.Other composition is identical with embodiment eight with Placement.
Embodiment ten: as shown in Figure 1, present embodiment is in step 3, in step 3, the described shape-memory polymer intake duct is heated is meant by adding temperature control system to obtain intake duct structure recovery deformation temperature in the intake duct structure.Other composition is identical with embodiment eight with Placement.
Embodiment 11: present embodiment shape-memory polymer intake duct (the aircraft deformable intake duct structure of shape-memory polymer) is local deformable intake duct structure or integral deformable intake duct structure.Other composition is identical with embodiment eight with Placement.
Embodiment 12: present embodiment shape-memory polymer intake duct can relate to air-inlet system each side such as intake duct, auxiliary inlet, air vent and gas-entered passageway.
Embodiment 13: but the described shape-memory polymer intake duct of present embodiment comprises because the characteristic that its repeated deformation recovers is applicable to multiple intake duct structure:
(1) subsonic inlet (circle, oblateness, air inlet semicircle under the volume, square and class is square and the special-shaped intake ducts of other structures);
(2) supersonic inlet (traditional rectangle and wedge shape two-dimensional rectangle intake duct, CARET intake duct, and DSI intake duct);
(3) this mode of execution is because its variable characteristic also is applicable to the special-shaped intake duct of the new structure that may occur future.
Embodiment 14: but the shape-memory polymer intake duct of present embodiment is because the characteristic that its repeated deformation recovers can realize carrying out according to regime of flight the change of intake duct appearance profile.Can be applicable to the multiple specific special-shaped profile that adheres to specification (as: can't shine directly into the flat suction port and the crooked intake duct of the upper surface of the all-wing aircraft that the front of motor adopts for the radar of incident) simultaneously from the top.
Embodiment 15: the preparation process of the described shape-memory polymer intake duct of present embodiment comprises technological methodes such as hand paste, mold pressing, hot pressing, vacuum bag pressure, pultrusion, winding and continuous pipe twining.
Embodiment 16: the described composite material of shape memory of present embodiment when low temperature (be lower than shape-memory polymer glass transition temperature (〉=Tg) rigidity is bigger, when the glass transition temperature that is heated to shape-memory polymer is above, shape-memory material rigidity reduces, plasticity strengthens, under extraneous stress, the passive ideal form that is deformed into of composite material of shape memory energy; When under the situation that keeps external force constraint, cooling the temperature to room temperature (＜Tg), composite material of shape memory rigidity raises, and after the external force unloading, composite material of shape memory can keep the shape after the distortion, and can long term storage.As in this step, when matrix is the epoxy resin shape-memory polymer mutually, strengthen when being carbon fiber carbon fiber volume content 20%, the target glass transition temperature that heating arrived of step 2 is 120 ℃, and the distortion recovery rate of material in 5 distortion circulations can both arrive 100%.
Embodiment 17: the comparatively blunt circle of present embodiment shape-memory polymer intake duct structure suction port leading edge, inlet's airflow breakaway when avoiding low speed to take off; Its inner gas-entered passageway mostly is divergent contour, and under top speed or cruising condition, the deceleration pressurization major part that enters air-flow is finished in the suction port outside, and the fluid loss in the gas-entered passageway is little, thereby higher efficient is arranged.
Embodiment 18: present embodiment shape-memory polymer intake duct is that the several important design objective of being considered in the intake duct design comprises total pressure recovery, flow distortion level and resistance size.
Embodiment 19: the working principle of the shape-memory polymer intake duct structure of present embodiment is to adopt the variable mode of intake duct physical dimension, wave system or air inflow are changed, to improve the coupling of aircraft and motor intake duct and motor under different flying conditions and operating mode.
Embodiment 20: the shape-memory polymer intake duct of present embodiment is that whole intake duct structure requires according to actual design and working environment designs conventional profile state and deformation state.
Embodiment 21: the characteristic that its repeated deformation recovers can realize carrying out according to regime of flight the change of intake duct appearance profile but the shape-memory polymer intake duct of present embodiment is this shape-memory polymer intake duct.
Embodiment 22: the shape-memory polymer intake duct of present embodiment is that this shape-memory polymer intake duct can be applicable to the multiple specific special-shaped profile that adheres to specification (as: can't shine directly into the flat suction port and the crooked intake duct of the upper surface of the all-wing aircraft that the front of motor adopts for the radar of incident from the top).
Below only be concrete exemplary applications of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention do not constituted any limitation that all employing equivalents or equivalence are replaced and the technological scheme of formation, all drop within the rights protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment:
Shape-memory polymer intake duct work concrete steps of the present invention are:
(1) taking off low-speed stage, intake duct under conventional profile state, work (as Fig. 1);
(2) in aircraft flight phases, along with flying speed strengthens, intake duct is heated to more than the glass transition temperature by temperature control system, and cross section, air inlet road junction is diminished, and changes high-speed flight state (as Fig. 2) into, to realize the deceleration supercharging to high velocity air;
(3) aircraft by flat fly into ramp-up period after, make cross section, air inlet road junction become big (as Fig. 1) by temperature-controlling system, guarantee enough air inflows;
(4), make intake duct return to conventional profile state (as Fig. 3) by temperature-controlling system in the aircraft fall-retarding stage.
It is circular or oblate hollow tubular structures that the size shape of shape-memory polymer intake duct structure blank is selected the cross section; According to the structure of common intake duct, and when distortion mechanical characteristics to select the cross section be circle or oblate blank; Its major advantage is simple in structure, and air inlet is even, and the loss of energy is little, for energy loss being reduced to minimum; In takeoff phase, the complete afterburning work of motor, the throughput demand is very big; And, keep the demand of same throughput because speed is low, the air inlet road junction sectional area that needs increases; At mission phase, intake duct will be realized the deceleration supercharging to high velocity air, and the kinetic energy of air-flow is converted into the pressure energy, therefore needs the intake duct sectional area to reduce, and this process is the most obvious in the supersonic speed transition process by subsonic speed; When cross section, air inlet road junction is generally taken place to change between subsonic speed and the supersonic speed by orthodox flight state exchange to high speed regime of flight.Aircraft landing stage while is when intake duct form transformation inverse process is also chosen this transition process; The transformation of intake duct working state helps preventing that air inlet surge and boundary layer from producing; Aircraft has and flat flies to turn in the ramp-up period, and the unit area air inflow reduces, thereby returns back to the orthodox flight state, to increase air inlet road junction sectional area, so that enough pressure energy to be provided; The landing stage is equivalent to the contrary operation of take-off process, so air inlet road junction sectional area increases.
Claims (10)
1. shape-memory polymer pipeline, it is characterized in that: described shape-memory polymer pipeline is made by composite material of shape memory, and described composite material of shape memory by volume portion rate is made up of 5～98 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 2～95 parts of reinforcing phase materials and 0～100 part of resistance heating material.
2. shape-memory polymer pipeline according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described composite material of shape memory by volume portion rate is made up of 40～90 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 10～60 parts of reinforcing phase materials and 1～99 part of resistance heating material.
3. shape-memory polymer pipeline according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described composite material of shape memory by volume portion rate is made up of 50 parts of shape memory polymer materials, 50 parts of reinforcing phase materials and 10 parts of resistance heating materials.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described shape-memory polymer pipelines, it is characterized in that: described shape memory polymer material is that polystyrene shape-memory polymer, epoxy resin shape-memory polymer, cyanate are a kind of in shape-memory polymer, shape memory polyurethane, shape-memory polyester, shape-memory SB, shape-memory using trans-polyisoprene or the shape-memory polynorbornene.
5. shape-memory polymer pipeline according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described reinforcing phase material is a kind of in carbon fiber, glass fibre, Kevlar fiber or the shape-memory alloy wire; Or the mixing of above fiber.
6. shape-memory polymer pipeline according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described reinforcing phase material is a kind of in carbon black, carbon nano-tube or the whisker.
7. according to the application of the described shape-memory polymer pipeline of arbitrary claim in the claim 1 to 6 as aircraft engine intake, it is characterized in that: described shape-memory polymer pipeline is as aircraft engine intake.
8. shape-memory polymer pipeline according to claim 7 is as the application of aircraft engine intake, it is characterized in that: described shape-memory polymer pipeline as the detailed process that aircraft engine intake is out of shape is: step 1, maintenance shape-memory polymer intake duct are worked under conventional profile cond, promptly work under the normal temperature state, this state is a working state one; Step 2, when changing the intake duct profile according to the regime of flight needs, when promptly needing to regulate the air inlet amount, with the shape-memory polymer intake duct be heated to its more than glass transition temperature after, intake duct externally is deformed into another profile under the effect of driver, after the cooling shape-memory polymer intake duct maintained this shape and structure and under this shape and structure, carry out work, claim that this working state is a working state two; Step 3, when needs switch to working state for the moment, the shape-memory polymer intake duct is heated, at this moment the shape-memory polymer intake duct after the distortion can initiatively return to working state
9. shape-memory polymer pipeline according to claim 8 is characterized in that as the application of aircraft engine intake: in step 2, the deformed shape of shape-memory polymer intake duct is inwardly shunk for its suction port end.
10. shape-memory polymer pipeline according to claim 8 is as the application of aircraft engine intake, it is characterized in that: in step 3, the described shape-memory polymer intake duct is heated is meant by adding temperature control system to obtain intake duct structure recovery deformation temperature in the intake duct structure.
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| CN104443438A (en) * | 2014-11-08 | 2015-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Intelligent bamboo-shaped releasing mechanism made of shape memory polymer composite material |
| CN104554739A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-29 | 空气动力学国家重点实验室 | Air inlet lip for improving and adjusting course stability of double-engine wing-body blending tailless configuration |
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| CN105802188A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-27 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | Thermotropic type shape memory composite material |
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| EP3333420A1 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-13 | Industry University Cooperation Foundation of Korea Aerospace University | Reconfigurable structure using dual-matrix composite material |
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| CN102518517A (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2012-06-27 | 南京航空航天大学 | Bistable air inlet, its application as aircraft air inlet and design method of bistable air inlet |
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| CN105527105B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2020-06-30 | 赛峰航空助推器股份有限公司 | Insulation test of a nacelle for a turbine engine on a test bench |
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| CN104443438A (en) * | 2014-11-08 | 2015-03-25 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Intelligent bamboo-shaped releasing mechanism made of shape memory polymer composite material |
| CN104554739A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-29 | 空气动力学国家重点实验室 | Air inlet lip for improving and adjusting course stability of double-engine wing-body blending tailless configuration |
| CN105802188A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2016-07-27 | 中航复合材料有限责任公司 | Thermotropic type shape memory composite material |
| CN107061014A (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2017-08-18 | 通用电气公司 | Aircraft engine with shock plate |
| EP3333420A1 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-13 | Industry University Cooperation Foundation of Korea Aerospace University | Reconfigurable structure using dual-matrix composite material |
| CN110032972A (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2019-07-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of driving method and driving device of the shape-memory polymer based on face recognition |
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| CN110319285A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | It is a kind of deformable from connection selfreparing pipeline |
| CN110216844A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-09-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of mold of deformable duct |
| CN110216844B (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2021-06-18 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Mould of flexible pipeline |
| CN112518232A (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-03-19 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Compressor blade for engine and machining method thereof |
| CN112518232B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2022-02-01 | 中国航发商用航空发动机有限责任公司 | Compressor blade for engine and machining method thereof |
| CN112623237A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-09 | 厦门大学 | Design method of TBCC air inlet adjusting mechanism based on shape memory alloy |
| CN114162336A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-11 | 北京机电工程研究所 | Aircraft radar stealth air inlet duct and preparation method thereof |
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