CN101917118A - Digital predictive control system and method for switching DC-DC converter - Google Patents
Digital predictive control system and method for switching DC-DC converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101917118A CN101917118A CN 201010260343 CN201010260343A CN101917118A CN 101917118 A CN101917118 A CN 101917118A CN 201010260343 CN201010260343 CN 201010260343 CN 201010260343 A CN201010260343 A CN 201010260343A CN 101917118 A CN101917118 A CN 101917118A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a digital predictive control system and a method for a switching DC-DC converter, and the system comprises a sampling and A/D conversion module, a prediction module, a control algorithm module, a DPWM module and a DC-DC main power circuit. The sampling and A/D conversion module is used for sampling an analog signal of output voltage from the main power circuit of the DC-DC converter and converting to a digital signal as a measured value; the prediction module is used for producing a predicted value of the output voltage of the next switch cycle according to the measured value; the control algorithm module is used for determining the control duty cycle of a power tube of the next switch cycle by utilizing the measured value and the predicted value; and the DPWM module is used for generating a PWM signal for carrying out on/off control of the power tube in the structure of the DC-DC main power circuit according to the duty cycle. The system and the method can effectively compensate the loop time delay of a digital control power supply system and improve the dynamic performance of the system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to switching DC-DC converter, relate in particular to a kind of digital predictive control system and method for switching DC-DC converter, this control system is the loop time delay in the compensating digits control procedure effectively, improves the dynamic property of system.
Background technology
The DC-DC converter as the terminal power supply of all kinds of power consumption equipments, can be transformed to adjusted VD with unadjusted DC input voitage usually.The hardware circuit that existing analog power control system adopts discrete component to form is usually realized control and the compensation to system, because components and parts are subject to the influence of temperature, humidity, factor such as aging, and for high performance power-supply controller of electric, the hardware circuit complexity, realize difficulty, systematic function can not get guaranteeing.Digital power control system is because its hardware programmable, and the control and the compensation of system realized that by software algorithm its design is not subjected to the influence of external hardware, is better than similar analog control system on aspects such as reliability, flexibility, monitoring property.But because there is loop time delay in numerical control system in the process that A/D sampling, quantification, data processing, control method and DPWM generate, the dynamic property of numerical control system is often barely satisfactory.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve the dynamic property of numerical control system, need proposition to overcome the method for the control time-delay of numerical control system existence.Common numerically controlled method is the voltage measured value that output voltage is transformed to digital signal by sample circuit and modulus conversion chip, and calculate and export the PWM of power controlling pipe in view of the above, to realize the adjustment of output voltage, so circulation guarantees the operate as normal of DC-DC converter.
The hysteresis delay problem in a sampling period that exists at numerical control system, the invention provides a kind of switching DC-DC converter control system that adopts the digital forecast method, by increasing the full remuneration that prediction module realizes the control time-delay, prediction module is according to the output voltage measured value of last cycle and current period, obtain the output voltage discreet value of following one-period by Forecasting Methodology, thereby solve the problem of the control time-delay of numerical control system existence.This dynamic property and stability to numerical control system all is favourable.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is:
A kind of digital predictive control system of switching DC-DC converter and method, it is characterized in that: this control system comprises: sampling and A/D modular converter, prediction module, control algolithm module and DPWM module, above-mentioned module and controlled Switching Power Supply couple together, and constitute a closed-loop system.Sampling and A/D modular converter detect and are converted to digital signal to the output voltage in Switching Power Supply master current sampling period of power circuit, with the input of the digital signal of this measured value as prediction module, prediction module is according to the output voltage measured value of last cycle and current period, pass through Forecasting Methodology, obtain the output voltage discreet value of following one-period, delay time with the control that the compensating digits control system exists;
The method of prediction module is: during the sampling period (k＞0), utilize the output voltage measured value of former cycles and current period at k, take linear extrapolation, estimate the output voltage values y in k+1 sampling period
*(k+1), that is: y
*(k+1)=2 * y (k)-y (k-1).After this, use discreet value y
*(k+1) with given voltage V
RefEstimate deviation e by what comparator obtained the k+1 sampling period
*(k+1), with measured value y (k) and given voltage V
RefObtain the actual measurement deviation e (k) in k sampling period by another comparator.The control algolithm module is estimated deviation e according to the actual measurement deviation e (k) in k sampling period, k+1 sampling period
*(k+1) select suitable control algolithm for use, the power tube duty ratio that calculates the k+1 sampling period inputs to the DPWM module, when the beginning in each sampling period, upgrade the power tube duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable that the control algolithm module provides, and generate the pwm signal of control switching power tube break-make according to the Dead Time of this duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable and setting, be input in the Switching Power Supply master power circuit, main power circuit is by the on off operating mode of said PWM signal controlling power tube, thereby adjustment switch power source output voltage, this output voltage is sampled with the A/D modular converter again through sampling module obtains, pass through prediction module successively, control algolithm module and DPWM module form new pwm signal power controlling pipe.So circulation guarantees the stable of control system.
The digital forecast method specific practice that prediction module adopts is:
1) in the beginning in k sampling period, sampling and A/D modular converter obtain the measured value y (k) of output voltage;
2) it is imported prediction module and calculate y
*(k+1), and with y
*(k+1), y (k) respectively with given voltage V
RefWhat relatively obtain the k+1 sampling period estimates deviation e
*(k+1) and the actual measurement deviation e (k) in k sampling period;
3) with e
*(k+1) and e (k) import the increment Delta d (k+1) that the control algolithm module calculates the power tube duty ratio, and with the duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable addition in k cycle, obtain the duty ratio d (k+1) in k+1 sampling period;
4) detect d (k+1), if satisfy the scope requirement for restriction of 0≤d (k+1)≤1, by the DPWM module the k+1 sampling period begin to generate pwm signal, otherwise with lower limit 0 (or upper limit 1) output pwm signal;
5) main power circuit is by the on off operating mode of said PWM signal controlling power tube, thereby adjusts output voltage;
6) with 5) output voltage is sampled again with the A/D modular converter through sample circuit and obtains, and forms new pwm signal power controlling pipe through prediction module, control algolithm module and DPWM module successively.So circulation guarantees the stable of control system.
Advantage of the present invention and beneficial effect are:
1) the present invention has effectively compensated the time delay of digital control loop by prediction module, has realized that the same sampling period finishes the process that samples control;
2) overall performance of the present invention is superior, compares the dynamic property that other digital control methods and analogy method significantly improve system, and bright development prospect is arranged;
3) the present invention can be applicable to all kinds of DC-DC circuit structures, possesses versatility, reusability and portability;
4) the present invention supports various efficient control algolithms, all can realize by digital programmable in the control algolithm module as FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL, intelligent control algolithm scheduling algorithm;
5) the present invention can be useful in the Switching Power Supply of high-frequency work, and only needs the sample frequency identical with switching frequency.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a digital predictive control system closed-loop structure block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the signal flow graph of digital predictive control system of the present invention;
Fig. 3 uses synchronous rectification BUCK circuit closed-loop structure block diagram of the present invention, and this is the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention adopts the switching DC-DC converter control system of digital forecast method, numerical control system comprises: sampling and A/D modular converter, prediction module, control algolithm module and DPWM module, above-mentioned module and controlled Switching Power Supply couple together, and constitute a closed-loop system.Each functions of modules and the operating principle of above-mentioned digital predictive control system are as follows:
Sampling and A/D modular converter are made up of sample circuit, A/D conversion chip and attached drive circuit, by sampling and A/D modular converter the output voltage in Switching Power Supply master current sampling period of power circuit is detected and is converted to digital signal, and with the input as prediction module of the digital signal of this measured value.No matter which kind of A/D converter unavoidably can produce time delay in the process of sampling inverted signal, and the dynamic property of system is impacted.Different ADC frameworks respectively has pluses and minuses at aspects such as conversion speed and circuit complexity.
The principle of PREDICTIVE CONTROL is during the sampling period, to estimate the output voltage values y in k+1 sampling period at k
*(k+1).Prediction module is utilized the output voltage measured value of former cycles and current period according to above-mentioned principle, obtains the output voltage discreet value of following one-period by Forecasting Methodology.According to one embodiment of present invention, take linear extrapolation, that is: y
*(k+1)=2 * y (k)-y (k-1).After this, use discreet value y
*(k+1) with given voltage V
RefEstimate deviation e by what comparator obtained the k+1 sampling period
*(k+1), with measured value y (k) and given voltage V
RefObtain the actual measurement deviation e (k) in k sampling period by another comparator.Utilize the k sampling period actual measurement deviation e (k), k+1 sampling period estimate deviation e
*(k+1) can calculate the Switching Power Supply duty ratio in k+1 sampling period, and begin preceding renewal, the loop time delay in a sampling period is compensated k+1 sampling period.
The control algolithm module is estimated deviation e according to the actual measurement deviation e (k) in k sampling period, k+1 sampling period
*(k+1) select suitable control algolithm for use, calculate the power tube duty ratio in k+1 sampling period.
The DPWM module is upgraded the power tube duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable that the control algolithm module provides when the beginning in each sampling period, and generates the pwm signal of power controlling pipe break-make according to the Dead Time of this duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable and setting, imports in the main power circuit.
The signal flow of control system of the present invention is as shown in Figure 2:
1) in the beginning in k sampling period, sampling and A/D modular converter obtain the measured value y (k) of output voltage;
2) it is imported prediction module and calculate y
*(k+1), and with y
*(k+1), y (k) respectively with given voltage V
RefWhat relatively obtain the k+1 sampling period estimates deviation e
*(k+1) and the actual measurement deviation e (k) in k sampling period;
3) with e
*(k+1) and e (k) import the increment Delta d (k+1) that the control algolithm module calculates the power tube duty ratio, and with the duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable addition in k cycle, obtain the duty ratio d (k+1) in k+1 sampling period;
4) detect d (k+1), if satisfy the scope requirement for restriction of 0≤d (k+1)≤1, by the DPWM module the k+1 sampling period begin to generate pwm signal, otherwise with lower limit 0 (or upper limit 1) output pwm signal;
5) main power circuit is by the on off operating mode of said PWM signal controlling power tube, thereby adjusts output voltage;
6) with 5) output voltage is sampled again with the A/D modular converter through sample circuit and obtains, and forms new pwm signal power controlling pipe through prediction module, control algolithm module and DPWM module successively.So circulation guarantees the stable of control system.
Fig. 3 is one embodiment of the present of invention, and the BUCK circuit of synchronous rectification is as the effective object of digital predictive control system, and the method and system that the present invention uses also can be used for the main power circuit structure of other types, and this BUCK circuit of sentencing synchronous rectification is an example.
Synchronous rectification is to adopt the extremely low special power MOSFET of on state resistance, replaces rectifier diode to reduce a new technology of rectifier loss.It can improve the efficient of DC-DC converter and not have the dead band voltage that is caused by Schottky barrier voltage.Power MOSFET belongs to voltage-controlled device, and its voltage-current characteristic when conducting is linear.When making rectifier with power MOSFET, require grid voltage must with kept just finishing rectification function synchronously by the phase place of commutating voltage, so be called synchronous rectification.
Present embodiment has been chosen programmable digital signal processor spare FPGA, adopting the Cyclone series EP1C6Q240 chip of U.S. altera corp is Main Processor Unit, and its internal logic function hardware description language of application system design is as required programmed arbitrarily.In the present embodiment, all control and computing to the DPWM module at last to the control algolithm module again from the A/D modular converter to prediction module by this FPGA.Present embodiment has been selected TLC5510 on the A/D sampling A, it is the parallel A/D chip of 8 high impedances that adopts CMOS technology to make.
The running detailed process of present embodiment closed loop circuit is as follows:
In the k sampling period, the output voltage of this BUCK circuit master power structure is sampled; The output voltage measured value is converted to 8 position digital signal y (k) through A/D converter, and this measured value digital signal enters prediction module and carries out the output voltage discreet value y that linear predictor obtains the k+1 sampling period
*(k+1), and with this discreet value and measured value respectively with accurate given voltage ratio, actual measurement deviation e (k) by obtaining the k sampling period behind the comparator and k+1 cycle estimate deviation e
*(k+1).
For thereby the time-delay that reduces A/D converter improves response speed, the A/D converter that requirement is used for this digital system has higher conversion speed, the precision of A/D converter will directly influence the steady-state behaviour of system in addition, and the power consumption that also should consider A/D converter simultaneously is to improve the operational efficiency of system.
The deviation of estimating in the accurate deviation in k sampling period and k+1 cycle enters the control algolithm module, and the duty ratio increment that calculates the k+1 sampling period by the increment type PID controller is:
With duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable d (k) addition in this duty ratio increment and k sampling period get final product the duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable d (k+1) in k+1 sampling period: d (k+1)=d (k)+Δ d (k+1);
The duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable generally is between 0 and 1, and whether detection computations goes out surpasses limited field, if any the then upper limit 1 (or lower limit 0) output.To be stored through detecting the duty cycle control signal of handling, and import the DPWM generator simultaneously, when the beginning in k+1 sampling period, upgrade this duty cycle control signal, and, generate 2 road pwm signals and act on the P power tube and the N power tube of main power circuit by drive circuit 1 respectively according to the Dead Time that this duty cycle control signal is set.
In the k+1 sampling period, power tube is according to the pwm signal break-make, the output voltage of main power structure is sampled once more with the A/D modular converter and detects, produce the deviation of estimating in the accurate deviation of current period and following cycle by prediction module, use the increment type PID control algolithm to calculate the duty ratio control increment in following cycle again, and calculate the duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable in following cycle, finally enter the DPWM module and generate pwm signal and output action in power tube.Like this turning on and off of the power controlling pipe of circulation, the concrete operation of Here it is present embodiment.
Claims (1)
1. the digital predictive control system of a switching DC-DC converter and method, it is characterized in that: this control system comprises: sampling and A/D modular converter, prediction module, control algolithm module and DPWM module, above-mentioned module and controlled switching DC-DC converter couple together, constitute a closed-loop system, sampling and A/D modular converter detect and are converted to digital signal to the output voltage in DC-DC converter master current sampling period of power circuit, and with the input of the digital signal of this measured value as prediction module, prediction module is according to the output voltage measured value of last cycle and current period, pass through linear extrapolation, estimate the output voltage values in next sampling period, delay time with the control that the compensating digits control system exists;
Concrete grammar is:
1) in the beginning in k sampling period, sampling and A/D modular converter obtain the measured value y (k) of output voltage;
2) the output voltage measured value y (k) with last cycle and current period imports the output voltage values y that prediction module calculates the k+1 sampling period
*(k+1), that is: y
*(k+1)=and 2 * y (k)-y (k-1), with y
*(k+1), y (k) respectively with given voltage V
RefCompare respectively by two comparators, what obtain the k+1 sampling period estimates deviation e
*(k+1) and the actual measurement deviation e (k) in k sampling period;
3) with e
*(k+1) and e (k) import the increment Delta d (k+1) that the control algolithm module calculates the power tube duty ratio, and with the duty ratio controlled quentity controlled variable addition in k cycle, obtain the power tube duty ratio d (k+1) in k+1 sampling period;
4) detect d (k+1), if satisfy the scope requirement for restriction of 0≤d (k+1)≤1, by the DPWM module the k+1 sampling period begin to generate pwm signal, otherwise with lower limit 0 or the upper limit 1 output pwm signal;
5) main power circuit is by the on off operating mode of said PWM signal controlling power tube, thereby adjusts output voltage;
6) with 5) output voltage is sampled again with the A/D modular converter through sample circuit and obtains, and forms new pwm signal power controlling pipe through prediction module, control algolithm module and DPWM module successively.So circulation guarantees the stable of control system.
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| CN102411395A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-04-11 | 东南大学 | Dynamic voltage-regulating system based on on-chip monitoring and voltage forecasting |
| CN103051186A (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2013-04-17 | 东南大学 | Fast transient response digital switch converter and control method of fast transient response digital switch converter |
| CN103096570A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-08 | 英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司 | Lighting adjustment control circuit |
| CN103188853A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-03 | 艾沃特有限公司 | Predictive control of power converter for LED driver |
| WO2014079125A1 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-30 | 天津大学 | Model prediction control method for three-level voltage source-type converter |
| CN104038055A (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2014-09-10 | 武汉理工大学 | FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based DC (Direct Current)/DC converter prediction control device and method |
| CN104362851A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-02-18 | 西安交通大学 | DC-DC converter control system |
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| CN106685228A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-05-17 | 合肥海峰汽车配件有限公司 | Closed loop control method and direct current method and direct current converter |
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| CN109149936A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-04 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of duty ratio Predictive Control System and control algolithm being applicable in DC/DC converter |
| CN111193402A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-22 | 深圳市核达中远通电源技术股份有限公司 | Digital control system and method of DC-DC power supply |
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| CN103096570A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2013-05-08 | 英飞特电子（杭州）股份有限公司 | Lighting adjustment control circuit |
| CN103188853A (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-03 | 艾沃特有限公司 | Predictive control of power converter for LED driver |
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| WO2014079125A1 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2014-05-30 | 天津大学 | Model prediction control method for three-level voltage source-type converter |
| CN103051186B (en) * | 2012-12-29 | 2015-06-10 | 东南大学 | Fast transient response digital switch converter and control method of fast transient response digital switch converter |
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| CN104038055B (en) * | 2014-06-03 | 2017-07-07 | 武汉理工大学 | DC/DC converter forecast Control Algorithms based on FPGA |
| CN104362851B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2017-04-26 | 西安交通大学 | DC-DC converter control system |
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| CN105006805A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-10-28 | 广东美的制冷设备有限公司 | Over-current protection apparatus and method for power factor correction (PFC) circuit |
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| CN106656397B (en) * | 2017-03-01 | 2019-04-05 | 广州广哈通信股份有限公司 | Clock synchronizing method and device |
| CN106685228A (en) * | 2017-03-08 | 2017-05-17 | 合肥海峰汽车配件有限公司 | Closed loop control method and direct current method and direct current converter |
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| CN106842958A (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2017-06-13 | 福州大学 | A kind of distributed model predictive control method of back-to-back converter |
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| CN109149936A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2019-01-04 | 西安理工大学 | A kind of duty ratio Predictive Control System and control algolithm being applicable in DC/DC converter |
| US10700605B1 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2020-06-30 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Electrical power converter with predictor |
| US11575322B2 (en) | 2018-12-12 | 2023-02-07 | Infineon Technologies Austria Ag | Electrical power converter |
| CN111193402A (en) * | 2019-12-23 | 2020-05-22 | 深圳市核达中远通电源技术股份有限公司 | Digital control system and method of DC-DC power supply |
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Application publication date: 20101215 |