CN101911868B - Method for controlling availability of soil phosphorus - Google Patents
Method for controlling availability of soil phosphorus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101911868B CN101911868B CN2010102323625A CN201010232362A CN101911868B CN 101911868 B CN101911868 B CN 101911868B CN 2010102323625 A CN2010102323625 A CN 2010102323625A CN 201010232362 A CN201010232362 A CN 201010232362A CN 101911868 B CN101911868 B CN 101911868B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- alumina
- phosphorus
- rice
- paddy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Images
Abstract
At present, reduced input of phosphate fertilizer is mainly used for controlling the soil phosphorus, and the formed phosphorus-rich soil control technology is insufficient. The invention provides a method for controlling availability of soil phosphorus. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) grinding bulk alumina, and sieving the ground alumina with a sieve of 60 meshes; 2) adjusting the pH of the alumina obtained in the step 1) to between 6.5 and 7.5, airing the alumina, and storing the alumina in the ventilated shade; 3) turning over 0 to 20 centimeters of phosphorus-rich rice soil on the surface of the soil, airing and grinding the rice soil, and sieving the rice soil with the sieve of 60 meshes for later use, wherein the available phosphorus in the phosphorus-rich rice soil is more than 30mg/kg; and 4) scattering the alumina obtained in the step 2) on the rice soil treated in the step 3), and turning over the alumina to fully mix the alumina and the rice soil uniformly, wherein the application amount of the alumina is 0.05 to 0.2 percent of the mass of the rice soil. The method can fix over 25 percent of available soil phosphorus, and can achieve the effect of increasing the yield of crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil improvement method, specifically a kind of method of controlling availability of soil phosphorus.
Background technology
China's alumstone ore aboundresources; Production history is long, still uses traditional " water seaoning " to produce alum at present, is about to alumstone ore and obtains liquid originally through modes such as roasting, weathering, water loggings; Mode through crystallization forms bright arcanite finished product again, and the deposition that forms in the crystallizing pond is the alum slurry.According to estimates, 1 ton of alum of every production will be followed 0.5 ton in output alum slurry at least.It is reported, the little alum factory that some equipment are simple to fall behind, every burning one stove alum just has 4,5 tons of waste residues, and every crystallization one pond alum just has the pulp-water in half pond.And the useless slurry of these waste residues, major part does not fully utilize, but in the middle of near the river directly being discharged to, has caused serious destruction for mining site ecotope on every side.For example, alum ore deposit, Cangnan, Wenzhou is one of alunite mine of national emphasis, 1.67 hundred million tons of gross reserves, and the alum mountain town at place is called as " world's alum is all ".Output alum slag, alum slurry just have millions of tons and every year is owing to refine alum; Whenever heavy rain; Near river course bank, dike bank, harbour, harbour are submerged to the greatest extent; Milky alum slurry is being dropped down in the whole piece streams, and the alluvial of acid pollution and slag has greatly destroyed original ecotope, and two sides 10,000 multigroup crowds be injured.Once be the Qian Qi town in land of plenty, thousands of mu of good farmlands can't farming, and tidal-flat area and maritime environment pollution are more than ten thousand mu.
The basic outlet that solves the pollution of alum slurry is exactly the problem of complex utilization of alum slurry.Be white blocks of solid after the alum slurry drying, claim alumina again.Through measuring, alumina is rich in Al, Si, K isoreactivity ion and plant is useful, indispensable element, and chemical property is basicly stable, has characteristics such as fine size, good dispersion, specific surface area are big after grinding.But, also do not see the report that alumina is developed as soil phosphorus absorption fixative at present.
Phosphorus is one of essential nutritive element of growth and development of plants, and application of P fertilizer is to keep important measures of higher yield of crops.But blindly excessive application of P fertilizer causes crop low to the fertilizer absorption rate, and the soil phosphorus accumulation is serious, and the potentiality that the phosphorus element discharges in water increase greatly.When the plain level of the phosphorus in the water is very high, algae meeting raised growth, and float on water surface; Hinder airborne oxygen and contact, oxygen in water is lowered, cause aerobe hypoxia deaths such as fish with water body; And poisonous microorganism is increased; The water body stench promptly causes eutrophication, ecotope is on every side constituted greatly threaten.Have data to show, all there is eutrophication problem in the nearly all big lake of China, and the phosphorus that causes body eutrophications such as lake, reservoir has load more than 50% from widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area.As in China's Taihu Lake basin, under the conventional land management mode in locality, full phosphorus is loaded to the year of water body migration and is 4.05kg/ha, accounts for 4.1% of year fertilizing amount; And in Dianchi Lake Basin, it is higher that 51% soil is released the phosphorus environmental risk, and the phosphorus element that soil discharges has become one of main pollution source of Dian Chi body eutrophication.It mainly is that rainwash, the soil erosion that rainfall or artificial drainage form causes that soil phosphorus runs off, and its form mainly can be divided into dissolved phosphorus and particulate form phosphorus.And dissolved phosphorus and particulate form phosphorus and soil available phosphorus (Olsen-P) are closely related.Therefore, soil Olsen-P can be used as the assessment foundation that the soil phosphorus loss gets into water body risk and water environmental impact degree.
At present the control soil phosphorus is main with decontrol phosphate fertilizer input mainly, and the resistance control techniques of the rich phosphorus soil that formed is also comparatively lacked.Seen the report that utilizes red mud fixing soil phosphorus plain, effect is remarkable, and still, red mud has just been done the plain adsorption test of phosphorus on dryland soil, and not clear to the paddy soil control phosphorus effect that is in the waterflooding state for a long time.Red mud is the accessory substance after alumina producer melts the aluminium ore crystal soda in the aluminium metallurgy process; Its alkali lye that adheres to makes its pH can reach about 10～12; How apply behind the red mud soil quality and plant growth and output had actually influences not clearly, therefore in practical application, also exists uncertainty.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome the defective that above-mentioned present technology exists, and provides a kind of alumina that utilizes that the available phosphorus in the phosphorus-rich water rice soil is carried out fixed method.
For achieving the above object; The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is following: a kind of method of controlling availability of soil phosphorus is characterized in that the accessory substance alumina that generates in the refining alum process, with the abundant mixing of phosphorus-rich water rice soil; Waterflooding is cultivated; In planting season, can fix >=25% paddy soil available phosphorus in paddy rice, and not influence the output of crop;
It may further comprise the steps:
1) block alumina is ground, and cross 60 mesh sieves;
2) with 1) alumina that obtains of step uses NaOH to be adjusted to pH as 6.5-7.5 (the best is 6.8), and is air-dry, and preserve at the shady and cool ventilation place;
3) the phosphorus-rich water rice soil of soil surface 0-20cm is turned over, air-dry, grind, cross 60 mesh sieves, subsequent use; Available phosphorus＞30mg/kg in the phosphorus-rich water rice soil; This phosphorus-rich water rice regolith thinks that causing very likely that phosphorus is plain runs off, and the present invention is specially adapted to this phosphorus-rich water rice, and the effect that embodies is obvious;
4) with 2) go on foot the alumina that obtains, be spread on 3) step treated water rice soil, the alumina amount of application is the 0.05-0.2% (the best is 0.1%) of paddy soil quality; Turn over; Make itself and the abundant mixing of paddy soil, and rice cultivation, corresponding farming operation, control measures and conventional rice field planting are consistent.Rice growing is an administration period of the present invention (about 4-5 month) to rice harves.
The present invention can fix the soil available phosphorus 25% or more for agriculture rich phosphorus soil provides an effectively method of control phosphorus, has also increased the essential content with beneficial element of plants such as effective silicon of soil and available potassium simultaneously, and can reach the effect of increase crop yield.
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment the present invention is described further.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the absorption situation map of the plain adsorption test gained of phosphorus of different-grain diameter alumina.
Fig. 2 amplifies 1000 times ESEM picture for alumina.
Fig. 3 amplifies 10000 times ESEM picture for alumina.
Fig. 4 adds the influence of the alumina (1%) of different pH to the paddy soil available phosphorus content.
Embodiment
A kind of method of controlling availability of soil phosphorus grinds the accessory substance alumina that generates in the refining alum process, is adjusted to pH neutrality with 3mol/LNaOH, and is air-dry, and preserves at the shady and cool ventilation place; The phosphorus-rich water rice soil of soil surface 0-20cm is turned over, air-dry, grind, sieve, subsequent use; Alumina and phosphorus-rich water rice soil is mixing fully, and the alumina amount of application is the 0.05-0.2% of paddy soil quality.Carrying out paddy rice when plantation, make paddy soil be in the waterflooding state 1-2 days in advance, rice cultivation then, corresponding farming operation, control measures and conventional rice field planting are consistent.Rice growing is an administration period of the present invention (about 4-5 month) to rice harves.
Be the present invention below in the plain adsorption test of phosphorus and combine on the basis of paddy rice pot experiment that alumina is to the absorption and the fixed effect of available phosphorus in the paddy soil, and to the influence of rice yield under research different-grain diameter, different pH and the different administration amount.
Embodiment 1: the plain adsorption test of the phosphorus of different-grain diameter alumina.
1, material:
Alumina: pick up from alum ore deposit, Wenzhou, mainly utilize water seaoning to produce bright arcanite, be about to alunite and obtain liquid originally through modes such as roasting, weathering, water loggings, the mode through crystallization forms bright arcanite finished product again, and the alum slurry in the crystallizing pond forms alumina through squeezing and dry.Dry alumina is the caking shape, after alumina is ground, crosses 5mm, 2mm, 60 orders and 100 purpose mesh screens respectively, deposits in the cool, and is subsequent use.
2, testing program:
With the alumina 5.0g of above-mentioned different-grain diameter in the 250ml triangular flask, accurately add respectively phosphorously be 0,200,400,600,800,1000,1200,1400,1600mg P L
-1Solution 125mL (medium is the 0.01mol/L KCl of pH 7.0), every pipe adds 2 of chloroforms, to suppress microbial activity.Sealing back vibrate 24 hours in 25 ℃ of constant temperature oscillators, and vibration velocity 200rpm filters after the balance, surveyed the supernatant phosphorus concentration with molybdenum blue colorimetric method, poor according to solution phosphorus concentration before and after the balance, and calculating soil is to the adsorbing capacity of phosphorus.
As can be seen from Figure 1, the different-grain diameter alumina is also inequality to the plain absorption situation of the phosphorus in the solution.P concentration is 0-200mg P L in the solution
-1The time, each particle diameter alumina is little to the adsorbing capacity difference of phosphorus, and P concentration is 600mg PL in solution
-1The time, notable difference appears in the alumina phosphorus adsorbing capacity of crossing 5mm, 2mm and 60 order particle diameters, and the adsorbing capacity of its phosphorus is descending to be 60 orders＞2mm＞5mm, but difference is little between 60 orders and 100 orders.This shows that the alumina particle diameter is thin more, and is also big more to the degree of absorption of phosphorus, but when the alumina particle diameter reaches certain rank, (crosses 60 orders), and the adsorption capacity of phosphorus is no longer increased.
Embodiment 2: the alumina materialization property
1, material: alumina: with embodiment 1, for crossing 60 order particle diameter alumina.
Table 1 alumina image is analyzed
The physics of table 2 alumina and chemical property
Alumina is a fine powder white granular object, particle diameter 0.5-1 μ m (Fig. 3), and specific surface area reaches 8.73m
2g
-1(seeing table 2).The image analysis shows (seeing table 1), and the alumina main component is SiO
2And alum (KAl
2(SO
4)
2(OH)
6), both account for 89.7% of total composition, are Al secondly
2O
3And Fe
2O
3, account for 9.7% of total composition, TiO
2Be 0.46%, all the other account for 0.14%.Owing to contain a large amount of Al, Si and K element in the alumina, its exchange state Al, effectively Si and quick-acting K content are also higher, reach 8.5%, 3.8% and 7300mg kg respectively
-1(seeing table 2).It is thus clear that alumina has bigger specific surface area and is rich in active component (Al
3+, Fe
3+), this is alumina has strong adsorptivity to phosphorus a reason.
Embodiment 3: the alumina after the different basification is to the influence of paddy soil 0lsen-P (available phosphorus) content.
1, test material:
A: soil: pick up from Zhejiang Province's Pinghu City, air-dry for the blue or green powder mud of incobation type field paddy soil, grind, cross behind 60 orders shady and cool place and ventilate and preserve.
B: alumina: with embodiment 2.Alumina pH is 3.8 (liquid soil was measured than 5: 1), uses 3mol L
-1NaOH solution is with alumina pH regulator to 6.8 and 10.2.
2, testing program:
Test is adopted disposal plastic cup (250mL) to adorn native waterflooding and is cultivated, each plastics cup soil 160g, and water layer keeps 2cm.4 processing are established in test, see Fig. 4, are respectively (1) pure paddy soil; Be expressed as " not adding alumina " among the figure, alumina+paddy soil of (2) pH3.8 is expressed as " pH 3.8 alumina " among the figure; (3) alumina+paddy soil of pH 6.8 is expressed as alumina+paddy soil of " pH 6.8 alumina " and (4) pH 10.2 among the figure; Be expressed as " pH 10.2 alumina " among the figure, the alumina in the wherein above-mentioned processing all fully mixes with paddy soil by 1% mass ratio, and each handles 3 repetitions; In waterflooding destructive sampling after 7 days, measure soil Olsen-P content.
Can find out that by Fig. 4 the paddy soil Olsen-P content that does not add alumina is 33.43mg kg
-1, adding (pH3.8) behind the acid alumina, soil Olsen-P content descends to some extent, and fall is 26%.And to fall the phosphorus effect more obvious when adding neutral alumina (pH 6.8), and Olsen-P content fall reaches 40%.But after adding alkaline alumina, it is the poorest to fall the phosphorus effect, and fall is merely 16%.
Embodiment 4: alumina different administration amount is to the influence of soil Olsen-P, fast potassium, effective silicon and rice yield.
1, test material:
A, alumina and soil: with embodiment 3, wherein alumina is crossed 60 orders, and pH regulator is 6.8.
2, testing program
Pot experiment is tested with the high 30cm of basin basin, end diameter 20cm, basin dress soil and alumina gross weight 8kg.6 processing are established in test, and alumina concentration is respectively 0%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 5% and 10%.Each is handled 5 times and repeats, and amounts to 30 basins.Every basin is executed pure N 2.0g, and nitrogenous fertilizer divides with form of urea and applies for four times, and each time applicating ratio is a base manure: tillering fertilizer: ear differentiation is fertile: ear manuer=3.5: 2: 3: 1.5.Keep the waterflooding state in the paddy rice planting process always, measure soil Olsen-P, exchange state Al, effective Si, quick-acting K content and rice yield after the rice harves.
The different alumina of table 3 are handled soil Olsen-P, exchange state Al, effectively Si, quick-acting K and rice yield influence
0.1～10% alumina is handled and have been reduced soil Olsen-P content significantly, and has improved the quick-acting K of soil, exchange state Al and effective Si content, and along with the increase of applied amount, amplitude strengthens (table 3).It is thus clear that alumina high absorption capacity and be rich in characteristic of elements such as K, Si, Al the proterties of soil has been produced direct influence.It can also be seen that simultaneously 0.1% alumina is handled the output that has significantly improved paddy rice, compares output amplification with contrast and reaches 23%.This is because K and Si are the essential nutrient element of paddy rice, and the quick-acting K of soil help the growth of paddy rice with the increase of effective Si content, and finally impels output to increase.But 5% and 10% alumina is handled rice yield is significantly reduced, the visible amount of application that should also be noted that when in rich phosphorus soil, using alumina, and excessive using can cause that active aluminium content rises by (table 3) in the soil, causes the murder by poisoning of aluminium, and influences its output.The 0.1% alumina amount of using among the present invention can reach the control phosphorus of the best and the effect of raising the output.
In sum, to phosphorus-rich water rice soil (Olsen-P＞30mg kg
-1) use 0.1% alumina amount (pH 6.8, cross 60 orders) alumina and have tangible control phosphorus effect; Soil Olsen-P is reduced (can fix 25% soil available phosphorus) more than 25%; The K and the Si that are rich in the alumina simultaneously all help the growth of paddy rice, and have promoted the output of paddy rice.
Claims (3)
1. method of controlling availability of soil phosphorus is characterized in that the accessory substance alumina that generates in the refining alum process, with the abundant mixing of phosphorus-rich water rice soil; Waterflooding is cultivated; In planting season, can fix >=25% paddy soil available phosphorus in paddy rice, and not influence the output of crop;
It may further comprise the steps:
1) block alumina is ground, and cross 60 mesh sieves;
2) with 1) alumina that obtains of step uses NaOH to be adjusted to pH to be 6.5-7.5, and is air-dry, and preserve at the shady and cool ventilation place;
3) the phosphorus-rich water rice soil below the soil surface 20cm is turned over, air-dry, grind, cross 60 mesh sieves, subsequent use, the available phosphorus＞30mg/kg in the phosphorus-rich water rice soil;
4) with 2) go on foot the alumina that obtains, be spread on 3) step treated water rice soil, the alumina amount of application is the 0.05-0.2% of paddy soil quality, turns over, and makes the abundant mixing of alumina and paddy soil.
2. the method for control availability of soil phosphorus according to claim 1 is characterized in that 4) in the step, the alumina amount of application is 0.1% of a paddy soil quality.
3. the method for control availability of soil phosphorus according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that 2) alumina use NaOH adjusting pH is 6.8 in the step.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102323625A CN101911868B (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2010-07-21 | Method for controlling availability of soil phosphorus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102323625A CN101911868B (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2010-07-21 | Method for controlling availability of soil phosphorus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101911868A CN101911868A (en) | 2010-12-15 |
| CN101911868B true CN101911868B (en) | 2012-06-06 |
Family
ID=43319667
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102323625A Expired - Fee Related CN101911868B (en) | 2010-07-21 | 2010-07-21 | Method for controlling availability of soil phosphorus |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101911868B (en) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100420525C (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2008-09-24 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Repairing method of phosphor polluted soil |
| CN100411755C (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2008-08-20 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Method for effectively preventing and harnessing soil phosphor loss |
-
2010
- 2010-07-21 CN CN2010102323625A patent/CN101911868B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101911868A (en) | 2010-12-15 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102994097B (en) | Application of moderate alkaline soil modifier | |
| CN103031129B (en) | Severe alkali-affected soil modifying agent and working method thereof | |
| CN103012016B (en) | Modifier for mildly alkalized soil and processing method thereof | |
| CN107241926B (en) | Method for improving saline-alkali soil of Xinjiang | |
| CN103031130B (en) | Conditioner for moderately alkaline soil and processing method of conditioner | |
| CN103013528B (en) | Application of highly alkalized soil improvement agent | |
| CN107087453A (en) | The method for improveing salt-soda soil | |
| CN104774620B (en) | A kind of compounding modifying agent and preparation method and modification method for pollution of vanadium soil | |
| CN103204721B (en) | Preparation method of soda alkaline soil fast composite modifier | |
| CN103013529A (en) | Soil improvement agent and processing method thereof | |
| CN102994096B (en) | Use of mild alkali-affected soil conditioner | |
| Yang et al. | Substituting chemical fertilizer nitrogen with organic manure and comparing their nitrogen use efficiency and winter wheat yield | |
| CN107629798A (en) | Acidic soil conditioner and application | |
| CN100420525C (en) | Repairing method of phosphor polluted soil | |
| CN103858552B (en) | Build method and the application thereof of topsoil in coarse sand earth's surface with heavy metal polluted bed mud | |
| CN103013530A (en) | Application of soil improvement agent | |
| CN104944855A (en) | Manufacturing method and application of ecological straw brick or ecological straw ball | |
| CN104969681B (en) | The method of yellow mud sand quick improvement cement solonchak is drawn in a kind of utilization | |
| CN111499449B (en) | Slow-release water-soluble fertilizer suitable for planting in sandy soil and application thereof | |
| CN102875253B (en) | Production and manufacture method of water retention polypeptide compound microorganism fertilizer | |
| CN109971488B (en) | Paddy field soil cadmium pollution passivator and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN103843488B (en) | Build the method for topsoil in stony desertification earth's surface with heavy metal polluted bed mud | |
| CN110041937A (en) | A kind of soil conditioner and its preparation method and application | |
| CN101911868B (en) | Method for controlling availability of soil phosphorus | |
| Qiang et al. | How adding biochar improves loessal soil fertility and sunflower yield on consolidation project land on the Chinese loess plateau |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20120606 Termination date: 20150721 |
|
| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |