CN101910900A - 目镜器件和使用该目镜器件的可调谐色散补偿器 - Google Patents

目镜器件和使用该目镜器件的可调谐色散补偿器 Download PDF

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CN101910900A
CN101910900A CN2008801237587A CN200880123758A CN101910900A CN 101910900 A CN101910900 A CN 101910900A CN 2008801237587 A CN2008801237587 A CN 2008801237587A CN 200880123758 A CN200880123758 A CN 200880123758A CN 101910900 A CN101910900 A CN 101910900A
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chromatic dispersion
metal
dispersion compensator
eyepiece device
band
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CN101910900B (zh
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王澎
戴泓星
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Usao Investment Co.,Ltd.
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Lucent Technologies Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/29395Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29305Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide
    • G02B6/2931Diffractive element operating in reflection
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29379Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
    • G02B6/29392Controlling dispersion
    • G02B6/29394Compensating wavelength dispersion

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  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件(403),包括:由第一金属制成的第一条带(4031)、由第二金属制成的第二条带(4032)、加热器/制冷器(4033)和可调谐定位杆(4034)。第二条带(4032)附加到第一条带(4031)。加热器/制冷器(4033)附加到第二条带(4032),用于加热/冷却第一条带(4031)和第二条带(4032)。可调谐定位杆(4034)附加到加热器/制冷器(4033),用于保持目镜器件(403)在可调谐色散补偿器中的位置。第一金属和第二金属具有彼此不同的膨胀系数,使得目镜器件(403)的形状响应于温度的改变而从第一形状改变为第二形状。一种使用目镜器件(403)的可调谐色散补偿器。

Description

目镜器件和使用该目镜器件的可调谐色散补偿器
技术领域
本发明涉及光网络领域,具体地,涉及一种目镜器件(Eye Piece)以及一种使用该目镜器件和平面光波导(PLC)器件的可调谐色散补偿器,在该色散补偿器中,目镜器件对于可调谐性来说是关键的。
背景技术
光网络需要色散补偿,而可调谐性是可重配置或灵活网络的关键。当前的可调谐方法尽管能够对色散的量进行调谐,然而其不能对光纤在特定波长范围(例如C频段)上的色散斜率进行补偿,这对于DWDM系统来说是严重的问题。
传统的色散补偿器使用特别设计的光纤(它们是昂贵的),并且不能够被调谐。下一代光网络需要更为廉价和灵活的器件,因而期望具有可调谐性和可重配置性。可调谐色散补偿是实现下一代光网络的灵活性的一个妨碍因素。已经开发出了一些可调谐的色散补偿模块(例如布拉格光栅(FBG)和基于标准具的DCM),但是它们并不令人满意,原因是它们不能对用于电信的光纤的色散斜率进行补偿(参见参考文献1:Christopher R.Doerr,Optical compensation of system impairments,5-10March 2006,OFC 2006)。
图1示出了进入光纤101之前(100)、离开光纤101之后进入色散补偿器102之前(120)以及离开色散补偿器102之后(140)的光脉冲100、120和140。光脉冲由不同的颜色分量组成。当穿过诸如单模光纤(参见图1中的101)的介质时,光的不同分量具有不同的速度,因而在经过一段距离后,这些颜色分量发生色散,而且色散的程度与介质中的传播距离成比例(参见图1中的120)。不同颜色分量的色散导致光脉冲的形状“失真”,由此使数字网络的传输性能发生恶化。对色散进行补偿能够恢复“失真的”光脉冲,因而能够改善数字网络的传输性能。
未来的光网络需要可重配置性,这是因为光脉冲所需的传播距离可能随着不同的网络配置而改变。这样,要补偿的色散的量也应当是可重配置的或可调谐的。
具体地,图2是示出了在灵活的光网络中使用可调谐色散补偿器(TCDC)的示意图。如图2所示,当光路由器201把网络传输配置从第一配置A至B改变为第二配置A至C时,传输距离也会从A-B改变为A-C,在这种情况下,需要可调谐色散补偿器(TCDC)202来实现可重配置性。
图3示出了可调谐色散补偿器(TCDC)202的总体示意图。单信道TCDC 202主要包括色散光栅301、望远镜结构(302和303)、单模波导304以及切向耦合光栅305。色散光栅301使光色散为小的角度,由物镜302和目镜器件303组成的望远镜结构能够将该角度放大fo/fe倍,其中fo和fe分别是物镜和目镜器件303的焦距。离开目镜器件303的光将被弧形切向耦合光栅305耦合至弧形单模波导304。这样,在离开尾纤(pigtail)之后,不同的颜色经历不同的延迟,从而色散得以补偿。如果弧的半径是r,色散角度是2θ,那么能够被补偿的最大色散距离是2rθ。
如上文所述,“最大补偿色散距离”是:
2 rθ = 2 r × arctan ( tan ( α ) f o f e ) .
可以通过改变如图3中所示的望远镜结构(302和303)的放大倍数来调谐被补偿的色散的量。在本方案中,物镜302的焦距是固定的,因此具有可变焦距的可变形镜可以用作目镜器件303。Chris R.Doerr提出了一种使用压电致动器的可变形镜(参见参考文献2:C.R.Doerr等人,40-Gb/s coloriess tunable dispersion compensator with 1000-ps/nm tuning range employing a planar lightwave circuit and a deformable mirror,6-10March 2005,OFC 2005)。
本发明旨在克服未来的动态可重配置光网络的“可调谐DCM”的上述问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种目镜器件和一种使用该目镜器件的可调谐色散补偿器,用在光网络中,以克服未来的动态可重配置光网络的“可调谐DCM”的上述问题。
根据本发明的第一方面,提出了一种用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,包括:由第一金属制成的第一条带;由第二金属制成的第二条带,第二条带附加到第一条带;加热器/制冷器,附加到第二条带,用于加热/冷却第一条带和第二条带;以及可调谐定位杆,附加到加热器/制冷器,用于保持目镜器件在可调谐色散补偿器中的位置,其中,第一金属和第二金属具有彼此不同的膨胀系数,使得目镜器件的形状响应于温度的改变而从第一形状改变为第二形状。
优选地,第一形状是凹面形且第二形状是凸面形,或第一形状是凸面形而第二形状是凹面形。
优选地,第一金属的膨胀系数小于第二金属的膨胀系数。可选地,,第一金属的膨胀系数大于第二金属的膨胀系数。
优选地,第一金属适合于反射要进行色散补偿的波长范围内的光。可选地,所述目镜器件还包括:附加到第一条带上的反射膜,该反射膜适合于反射要进行色散补偿的波长范围内的光。
优选地,加热器/制冷器是热电效应制冷器。
优选地,可调谐定位杆是压电换能器或由具有较大热膨胀系数的第三金属制成。更优选地,第三金属与第二金属相同。
根据本发明的第二方面,提出了一种可调谐色散补偿器,包括:根据本发明的目镜器件。
优选地,所述可调谐色散补偿器还包括:物镜;弧形切向耦合器;弧形单模波导;以及色散光栅;其中,在色散光栅处将输入光色散至物镜,物镜的焦平面与目镜器件重叠,目镜器件大体上位于弧形切向耦合器的中心,而弧形单模波导平行于弧形切向耦合器,以及弧形切向耦合器把光切向地耦合至弧形单模波导中。
优选地,所述可调谐色散补偿器还包括:粗分光栅,其中色散光栅由信道光栅阵列形成,使得输入光首先在粗分光栅处根据不同的信道而色散,然后被投射到信道光栅阵列上。
优选地,所述可调谐色散补偿器还包括:加热器/制冷器,该加热器/制冷器附加在信道光栅阵列上,并且被控制为产生沿着信道光栅阵列进行色散斜率补偿所需的温度分布。更优选地,该温度分布是沿着信道光栅阵列线性增大/减小的温度分布。
附图说明
根据下文结合附图对本发明的非限制性实施例的具体描述,本发明的上述和其他方面、特征和优点将会变得更加明显,在附图中:
图1(上文已经描述)是示出了发生色散和被恢复的光脉冲的示意图;
图2(上文已经描述)是示出了在灵活的光网络中使用TCDC的示意图;
图3(上文已经描述)示出了可调谐色散补偿器(TCDC)的总体示意图;
图4示出了根据本发明在望远镜中设置的可调谐目镜器件;
图5示出了把来自(望远镜的)目镜器件的色散光切向耦合至单模波导;
图6示出了多信道TCDC的总体示意图。
具体实施方式
以下根据附图来描述本发明。在下文的描述中,一些具体的实施例仅用于描述的目的,不应当被理解为对本发明的限制,而是本发明的例子。尽管可能会使本发明的理解变得模糊,然而下文将省略传统的结构或构造。
图4示出了根据本发明在望远镜中设置的可调谐目镜器件403。如图4中所示,目镜器件403是由金属A制成的凹面镜4031,并且被附加到由金属B制成的条带4032上,其中金属A和金属B具有不同的热膨胀系数。例如,金属A可以具有较小的热膨胀系数,而金属B可以具有较大的热膨胀系数。例如,金属A是铁(Fe)而金属B是铜(Cu),因此当目镜器件403被加热时,其将会从凸面镜变为凹面镜;而当目镜器件403被冷却时,其将会从凹面镜变为凸面镜。或者,可选地,金属A可以具有较大的热膨胀系数,而金属B可以具有较小的热膨胀系数,例如铜(Cu)用作金属A而铁(Fe)用作金属B。因此,当目镜器件403被加热时,其将会从凹面镜变为凸面镜;而当目镜器件403被冷却时,其将会从凸面镜变为凹面镜。此外,应当注意,金属A(例如金(Au))或其上形成的反射膜(例如金(Au)膜)(未示出)适合于对要进行色散补偿的波长范围内的光进行反射。TEC(热电效应制冷器Thermal Electric Cooler)4033在金属A相对一侧附加在金属条带B上。当被TEC 4033加热或冷却时,凹面镜的焦距(或半径)将会由于金属条带A和金属条带B的不同膨胀而改变。当目镜器件403从凹面镜转变为凸面镜时,被补偿的色散的符号将由正变为负。可调谐的定位杆4034附加到目镜器件上,其长度可通过电装置(例如,PZT(压电换能器))或热装置(例如,具有大的热膨胀系数的金属和TEC的组合)而改变。可调谐定位杆4034的目的是保持图3中所示的望远镜结构(302和303)的良好调谐,或者换句话说,保持物镜302和目镜器件303的焦平面在目镜器件303的焦距发生变化时良好地重叠。
图5示出了目镜器件503和平面光波导(PLC)器件(5001-5005),其中来自(望远镜的)目镜器件503的色散光被切向耦合至单模波导5004。切向耦合光栅5003被设计为对光进行切向耦合,或者换句话说,输出与入射光垂直的光,从而离开光栅5003的光将会进入平行于光栅5003本身的单模波导5004。据报导,这种光栅耦合器具有60~70%的耦合效率(参见参考文献3和4:Van Laere,等人,Compact grating couplers between optical fibers and Silicon-on-lnsulator photonic wire waveguides with 69%coupling efficiency,5-10March 2006,OFC 2006;以及Bin Wang等人,Compact slanted grating couplers,26July 2004,Vol.12,No.15,Optics Express 3313)。另外,图5中所示的目镜器件503相对于弧形切向耦合光栅5003的相对定位是目镜器件503大体上位于弧的中心,即,始终位于与弧形切向耦合光栅5003相距半径“r”的位置处。
图6示出了多信道TCDC的总体示意图。图6中描绘了三信道TCDC600。信道的数目可以更大,例如40或更大。与单信道TCDC 202相比,多信道TCDC 600的不同之处在于其使用“粗分光栅(coarse grating)6001”对来自输入光的信道进行色散,并且该信道将会被投射到光栅阵列601上,而不是单信道TCDC 202中的仅仅一个光栅301上。多信道TCDC 600的其他部分与单信道TCDC 202具有相同的设计。光栅阵列601上的所有光栅能够并行地对信道的中心波长进行衍射。因此,所有信道共享望远镜结构(302和303)的焦平面上的相同成像区域。可以控制信道光栅阵列601上的TEC 6002来产生沿着光栅阵列601的期望的温度分布(梯度),例如线性增大/减小的温度分布,这可以改变光栅周期,从而获得电信系统中需要的斜率补偿。
因此,根据本发明,所提出的TCDC可以实现如下技术优点:
1.可调谐:可以通过附加到目镜器件的TEC来调谐目镜器件的焦距,从而调谐被补偿的色散的量。例如,如果2θ=PI/4且r=200mm,则色散长度是L=2rθ=2×200mm×π/4=0.314m,假定波导中的光速是V=2×108m/s且有效带宽是B=0.5nm,则被补偿的色散的量是CD=L/(B×V)=0.314/(0.5×2×108)=3140ps/nm,被补偿的色散的符号由目镜器件来决定,当目镜器件是凹面镜时,符号为正;当目镜器件是凸面镜时,符号为负。
2.多信道操作:适用于DWDM系统的色散补偿,例如,可以设计80-光栅阵列,用于具有80个信道的DWDM系统。
3.斜率补偿:可以通过沿着信道光栅阵列引入特定的温度分布(梯度)来补偿色散斜率,该特征使本发明更加具有吸引力和更加实际,因为根据参考文献1(Christopher R.Doerr,Optical 5compensation of system impairments,5-10March 2006,OFC 2006)的描述,其他的可调谐色散补偿方法不能够补偿色散斜率。
4.宽带、可级联性:不同于其他的补偿方案,本发明具有非常宽的通带,所以能够在较长的光链路中级联。
上述实施例仅用作示例的目的,而非限制本发明。本领域技术人员可以在不背离本发明的范围和精神的前提下,对实施例进行各种修改或替换,但这些修改或替换仍将落入由所附权利要求所限定的范围。
参考文献列表:
参考文献1:Christopher R.Doerr,Optical compensation of system impairments,5-10March 2006,OFC 2006;
参考文献2:C.R.Doerr等人,40-Gb/s colorless tunable dispersion compensator with 1000-ps/nm tuning range employing a planar lightwave circuit and a deformable mirror,6-10March 2005,OFC2005;
参考文献3:F.Van Laere等人,Compact grating couplers between optical fibers and Silicon-on- Insulator photonic wire waveguides with 69%coupling efficiency,5-10March 2006,OFC2006;
参考文献4:Bin Wang等人,Compact slanted grating couplers, 26July 2004,Vol.12,No.15,Optics Express3313.

Claims (14)

1.一种用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,包括:
由第一金属制成的第一条带;
由第二金属制成的第二条带,第二条带附加到第一条带;
加热器/制冷器,附加到第二条带,用于加热/冷却第一条带和第二条带;以及
可调谐定位杆,附加到加热器/制冷器,用于保持目镜器件在可调谐色散补偿器中的位置,
其中,第一金属和第二金属具有彼此不同的膨胀系数,使得目镜器件的形状响应于温度的改变而从第一形状改变为第二形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,其中,第一形状是凹面形且第二形状是凸面形,或第一形状是凸面形而第二形状是凹面形。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,其中,第一金属的膨胀系数小于第二金属的膨胀系数。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,其中,第一金属的膨胀系数大于第二金属的膨胀系数。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,其中,第一金属适合于反射要进行色散补偿的波长范围内的光。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任意一项所述的用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,还包括:附加到第一条带上的反射膜,该反射膜适合于反射要进行色散补偿的波长范围内的光。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任意一项所述的用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,其中,加热器/制冷器是热电效应制冷器。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,其中,可调谐定位杆是压电换能器或由具有较大热膨胀系数的第三金属制成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用在可调谐色散补偿器中的目镜器件,其中,第三金属与第二金属相同。
10.一种可调谐色散补偿器,包括:
根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述的目镜器件。
11.根据权利要求10所述的可调谐色散补偿器,还包括:
物镜;
弧形切向耦合器;
弧形单模波导;以及
色散光栅;
其中,在色散光栅处将输入光色散至物镜,物镜的焦平面与目镜器件重叠,目镜器件大体上位于弧形切向耦合器的中心,而弧形单模波导平行于弧形切向耦合器,以及
弧形切向耦合器把光切向地耦合至弧形单模波导中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的可调谐色散补偿器,还包括:粗分光栅,其中色散光栅由信道光栅阵列形成,使得输入光首先在粗分光栅处根据不同的信道而色散,然后被投射到信道光栅阵列上。
13.根据权利要求12所述的可调谐色散补偿器,还包括:加热器/制冷器,该加热器/制冷器附加在信道光栅阵列上,并且被控制为产生沿着信道光栅阵列进行色散斜率补偿所需的温度分布。
14.根据权利要求13所述的可调谐色散补偿器,其中,该温度分布是沿着信道光栅阵列线性增大/减小的温度分布。
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