CN101910620B - 涡轮机组件 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
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- F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
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- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
一种涡轮机组件,包括:叶片组件,所述叶片组件具有多个弯曲的叶片,每个所述弯曲的叶片的内部端部终止于腔。腔具有开口侧面,并且发电机位于腔内并连接到叶片组件。涡轮机组件适于在水下使用。多个涡轮机组件可以连接以形成发电站。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涡轮机组件,该涡轮机组件可用于电力产生的目的。该涡轮机组件可由流体流例如风或水驱动。更特别地,该涡轮机组件可以用在使用动态水能的水力发电系统中。
背景技术
用于发电的涡轮机在现有技术中是已知的。美国专利No.5009568涉及一种波浪驱动的发电设备,其包括一个水力涡轮机,安装用于在位于直立输出轴上的壳体内旋转。该壳体包括形成水喷嘴的后板、相对的侧面、以及上部和下部表面,该水喷嘴适于面对迎面而来的波浪并引导波浪进入壳体。波浪分流器直接将每个迎面而来的波浪的一部分对着水力涡轮机的叶片的面对表面引导,同时另一个波浪部分被对着壳体的后板引导并被重新对着相对的水力涡轮机叶片的面对表面引导。
涡轮机可以安装在可操作地连接于发电机的加权飞轮(weighted flywheel)的轴上。
美国专利No.5664418涉及一种直立轴风力涡轮机,其被支撑在由环形系列的月牙形状的管状偏转器翼保持就位的框架上。翼朝向聚集风力的涡轮机的核心或毂加宽。风即刻陷入并进入涡轮机的中空内部。支撑涡轮机的轴连接到驱动轴,然后该驱动轴与差动齿轮箱相关联。还设有一对连接到差动齿轮箱的分离轴线的驱动轴,该驱动轴通过制动器和到发电机的轮板连接器传输动力。
美国专利No.5451138描述了一种细长涡轮机,其具有横向于流体流动方向安装的螺旋桨形状的叶片。涡轮机在同一方向上旋转而不考虑流体流动的方向。相关联的美国专利No.5451137描述了一种类似的涡轮机,其具有布置在螺旋状结构内的叶片。螺旋状设计已经被用于从潮汐和流体流发电,并且已经被看作是在发明人Alexander Gorlov之后出现的Gorlov螺旋涡轮机。
关于现有技术,已经发现涡轮机结构过度复杂,导致涡轮机制造困难并且成本高。涡轮机和发电机之间的连接也被发现结构复杂,尤其是关于美国专利No.5009568和No.5664418。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种涡轮机组件,其结构简单并且运行有效。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于涡轮机组件的叶片组件。
本发明的再一个目的是向大众提供一种替代现有涡轮机和涡轮机叶片组件的有益的替代方式。其它目的将从以下的描述中变得明显。
在一种虽需要但不仅仅是或的确是最广泛的形式中,本发明在于一种涡轮机组件,其包括叶片组件和发电机。叶片组件具有多个弯曲的叶片,每个弯曲的叶片的内部端部终止于内部腔或空间。内部腔或空间在一个侧面是开放的。发电机位于内部腔或空间内并连接或附接于叶片组件。每个弯曲的叶片具有动态结构,其可以在流体压力下弯曲伸展,并在相反压力下折叠。
腔被适当地密封并为发电机提供气穴。腔可以填充绝缘流体例如空气。
叶片组件合适地具有中心毂,该中心毂可以凹凸关系或插头插座关系与发电机的配合轴接合。优选地,叶片组件的中心毂具有中空内部,并因此形成用于与发电机的轴接合的插座,该发电机的轴优选是固体的并形成所述插座的配合插头。然而,也可以是发电机轴具有与叶片组件的中心毂的插头接合的插座。
因此,叶片组件可释放地附接于发电机轴并因此可提供有将叶片组件毂和发电机轴相互连接的合适的紧固件。
在上述任何一种结构形式中,可理解的是,叶片组件将旋转发电机的中心轴,并因此以常规方式产生电流。
叶片组件的每一个叶片呈合适的弓形,从而形成面向流体冲击的凹的表面。相反的表面可以是凸的或平的。优选地,每一个叶片沿其长度具有统一的宽度或横向尺寸,但这不是本质的。每一个叶片可具有动态结构,其可以在流体压力下弯曲伸展,并在相反压力下折叠。
每一个叶片可以合适地相对于旋转轴倾斜一定角度。合适的倾斜度为45度。倾斜度可以从叶片的一端到另一端变化。
发电机可以被用于产生直流电或交流电,如现有技术中所熟知的那样。发电机也可以是电动的、液动的或气动的。
附图说明
参考被用于本发明的优选实施例,如附图中所示出的那样,其中:
图1为本发明的涡轮机的立体图;
图2为本发明的涡轮机的分解立体图;
图3为图1所示涡轮机的截面图;
图4为图1所示涡轮机的示意性俯视图;
图5为本发明的涡轮机的第二实施例的立体图;
图6为本发明的涡轮机的第三实施例的立体图;以及
图7为显示将图1所示的涡轮机安装在海床或河床上的视图。
具体实施方式
图1所示的涡轮机组件10具有包括多个叶片或翼的叶片组件11。如在图4中所最清晰示出的那样,叶片组件11的每个叶片呈弓形并终止于内腔14。每个叶片具有凹的面对表面12和凸的相反表面13,其中凹的面对表面12捕获流体流。叶片组件11座落在法兰17上,法兰17终止于内腔14并延伸到叶片的外部端部。
叶片组件11包括随叶片组件11旋转的中心轴15。如图3所最清晰示出的那样,轴15连接到位于内腔14内的发电机20的旋转中心轴16。如图2的分解图所示出的那样,发电机20固定到基座21。这可以由焊点23保持的法兰22方便地实现。任何其它常规的固定方法例如螺栓或螺钉也可以使用。
轴15方便地为具有键槽(不可见)的中空形式,键槽与发电机20的轴16上的键24配合。键24和键槽确保轴16随叶片组件11旋转来运行发电机20。发电机20设置有电导体25和26,如图2所示,从而由发电机20产生的电流可以如所希望的那样被传导。
参考图3,涡轮机10的细节示出在截面中。常规的发电机20包括安装电磁体28的壳体27。轴16上的线圈29在由磁体28形成的磁场中旋转,从而产生流过电导体25、26的电流。发电机20座落在由叶片组件11的内腔14形成的空间内。在涡轮机10被构造为在水下使用的情形中,内腔14是不透水的并可以填充空气、气体或油,从而发电机20可以在不需要为发电机20提供防水的情况下运行。流体(空气、气体或油)的正压力可以通过以缓慢的速度将流体泵送进入腔内而在腔内得到保持。
如图3中所清晰示出的那样,腔14在底部是开口的,并且叶片组件座落在发电机20之上,从而发电机20位于腔内。应该理解,发电机20可以通过简单地将叶片组件11移除、从基座21拆卸发电机20并用新的发电机重新组装而容易地被替换。
在运行中,涡轮机10被放置在流体流区域内。流体流区域可以是水流区域,例如河水流或海洋流。涡轮机10也可以被构造成用于从空气流(风)发电,但是发明人意识到,河水流和海洋流比风更可靠。在图4中,流体流的方向用箭头B表示。流体流动冲击每个叶片11的凹的表面12和凸的表面13。在冲击凹的表面和凸的表面的力之间存在压力差,这使得叶片组件11在弯曲的箭头A所示的方向上旋转。与许多现有技术的涡轮机不同,不需要提供外壳来控制涡轮机叶片上的流体的流动。涡轮机10简单地放置在具有流体流的位置,这样涡轮机就会旋转。事实上,应该理解,涡轮机在同一方向上旋转而不考虑流体流的方向。
图5示出了第二实施例的涡轮机50,其中,叶片组件51具有叶片,叶片相对于轴15有倾斜度。发明人已经发现,大约45度的倾斜度是合适的,但是本发明不限于该特定角度。事实上,几乎任何倾斜度都有助于涡轮机10的流体力学。最佳倾斜度角度依赖于具体情况。此外,倾斜度可以从叶片的一个端部向另一个端部变化。例如,倾斜度可以在轴15附近小并随着叶片远离轴15延伸而增加。
图5中示出的实施例的叶片具有倾斜度,叶片的下部引导叶片的上部。这种结构提供了一定程度的向上扬程,这是有好处的。倾斜度可以翻转,这样叶片的上部引导下部,这产生一定程度的向下扬程。
另一个实施例的涡轮机组件60示出在图6中,其中,叶片组件61由动态叶片构成,动态叶片基于所施加的力而调节形状。这可以通过分段的叶片例如62实现,其中分段的叶片在施加的力作用下而伸展,例如船帆。具有面对流体流的凹的侧面的叶片将如同图6所示的那样伸展,以更好地捕获流体流。其它叶片将折叠成非伸展的形状。其它结构可包括抵靠凹的侧面上的刚性骨架安装的弹性变形叶片。流体压力将使叶片如所示出的那样伸展,但是一旦旋转,其将收缩回到没有变形的形状。在旋转的相对侧面上,骨架将防止变形。
用于叶片组件的叶片的合适材料包括塑料或金属例如铝。涡轮机组件可以通过挤压成形、吹气成形或铸造而生产。
图7示出了一对涡轮机组件70,其可以具有图1实施例、图5实施例或图6实施例的形式。多个涡轮机组件一起形成发电站。基座71安装在海床72或河床的附近,其中每个基座71由桩73和链74支撑。如果希望,基座71可以中空或由有浮力的材料制成,以便于涡轮机70的浮动。如果基座71是中空的,则其可以填充水来使涡轮机组件下沉,或者填充空气来使涡轮机组件上升。将基座填充水或空气特别有利于维护目的,因为它将有助于升降架的恢复或有助于涡轮机组件的放置。
将基座71填充水或空气也有利于调节涡轮机组件的深度,以定位在最大的流体流中。将水加到基座将使基座下沉到较低水平位置。将空气泵送进入基座来置换水将使基座浮动到较高水平位置。通过泵入空气或加入水,基座的水平位置可以变化,从而涡轮机组件定位在最大流体流区域中。
发明人想象到,这个过程可以通过在不同深度放置流体感应器并将涡轮机组件自动重新定位在具有最强流体流的深度而自动化。
应该理解,空间或腔14可以填充空气,因此可能有气体或离子,这些气体或离子可以作为腔14内的发电机20所产生的电的副产品。如果腔14需要额外的空气来保持腔干燥,则空气可以通过简单的空气软管传送,该空气软管可连接到岸边的空气压缩机。提供空气的软管可以从岸边附加电导体25和26。发电机20对腔14内的腐蚀成分(例如海水)具有合理的抵抗能力。
考虑到,本发明的涡轮机可以非常有利地用作不会产生污染的海底水力发电站。同样可以认为,海洋的潮汐或海流是可以预测的,这将确保成功运行本发明的涡轮机。
本领域的技术人员将会意识到,当将发电机组连接到电网时会产生各种问题。对于各种其它形式的发电例如风力发电机,这些问题已经被提出。可以想像,合适的变压器和位相匹配设备将位于发电站的附近,但是不在水下。例如,在海下应用中,变压器可以位于海岸线上。
本领域的技术人员同样可以理解,对于实际应用,各种安全装置例如自动防故障装置的制动器和过电流保护器可以并入到涡轮机组件中。这些装置是众所周知的,因此为了简要目的而省略对这些装置的说明。
发电机20也可以与支撑件相关连,以抵抗因叶片组件11的旋转而引起的振动。对于涡轮机的工程师们来说,振动的控制是众所周知的,并且如本发明的有效运行所需要的那样是将要被执行的。
虽然说明书对电力发电机的主要实施例进行了描述,但是应该理解,本发明不限于该特定执行。发电机20可以是将动力能量转换成其它有用能量的任何合适的装置。因此,发电机可以是液力的或风力的。
总之,应该理解,本发明的叶片组件结构简单并且直接连接到位于叶片组件的开放空间或腔内的发电机。
Claims (20)
1.一种基本上淹没的涡轮机组件,包括:
叶片组件,所述叶片组件具有多个弯曲的叶片,每个所述弯曲的叶片的内部端部终止于具有开口侧面的腔;以及
发电机,所述发电机位于所述腔内并连接到所述叶片组件;
其中,每个弯曲的叶片具有动态结构,其可以在流体压力下弯曲伸展,并在相反压力下折叠。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机组件,其中,所述腔填充有绝缘流体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮机组件,其中,所述绝缘流体是空气。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机组件,进一步包括所述叶片组件内的中心毂,所述中心毂与所述发电机的轴连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的涡轮机组件,其中,所述中心毂可释放地与所述发电机的轴连接。
6.根据权利要求4所述的涡轮机组件,其中,所述中心毂是安装于发电机的轴上并与发电机的轴接合的插座。
7.根据权利要求4所述的涡轮机组件,进一步其中,所述中心毂是安装到发电机轴内的插座中并与发电机轴内的插座接合的插头。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的涡轮机组件,进一步包括所述轴上的键,所述轴上的键与所述插座上的键槽接合,或者进一步包括所述插座上的键,所述插座上的键与所述轴上的键槽接合。
9.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机组件,其中,所述叶片组件进一步包括法兰,所述法兰从所述腔延伸到所述叶片的外部端部。
10.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机组件,其中,所述弯曲的叶片具有凹的表面和相反的凸的表面。
11.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机组件,其中,每个所述弯曲的叶片沿其长度具有统一的宽度。
12.根据权利要求2所述的涡轮机组件,其中,所述绝缘流体是气体。
13.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮机组件,其中,每个所述弯曲的叶片相对于旋转轴倾斜一定角度。
14.根据权利要求13所述的涡轮机组件,其中,倾斜度为45度。
15.根据权利要求13所述的涡轮机组件,其中,倾斜度沿叶片的长度变化。
16.一种发电站,包括两个或更多个基本上淹没的涡轮机组件,每个涡轮机组件包括:
叶片组件,所述叶片组件具有多个弯曲的叶片,每个所述弯曲的叶片的内部端部终止于具有开口侧面的腔,并且每个弯曲的叶片具有动态结构,其可以在流体压力下弯曲伸展,并在相反压力下折叠;以及
发电机,所述发电机位于所述腔内并连接到所述叶片组件。
17.根据权利要求16所述的发电站,进一步包括在每个涡轮机组件上的中空基座。
18.根据权利要求17所述的发电站,其中,所述中空基座填充有浮力的材料。
19.根据权利要求17所述的发电站,其中,所述中空基座可填充空气或水,以在水下时调节发电站的深度。
20.根据权利要求16所述的发电站,进一步包括当处于水下时将发电站紧固到海床或河床的装置。
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EP2240685A1 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
JP5522406B2 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
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EG26071A (en) | 2013-01-21 |
US20100283251A1 (en) | 2010-11-11 |
GB2471208A (en) | 2010-12-22 |
WO2009086593A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
GB201012345D0 (en) | 2010-09-08 |
KR101564475B1 (ko) | 2015-10-29 |
US8614523B2 (en) | 2013-12-24 |
EP2240685B1 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
ZA201005330B (en) | 2011-04-28 |
HK1151085A1 (en) | 2012-01-20 |
BRPI0905662A2 (pt) | 2015-07-07 |
GB2471208B (en) | 2012-10-24 |
RU2502890C2 (ru) | 2013-12-27 |
RU2010132800A (ru) | 2012-02-20 |
MY154609A (en) | 2015-07-15 |
CA2711152A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
KR20100105867A (ko) | 2010-09-30 |
CN101910620A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
BRPI0905662B1 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
AU2009203890A1 (en) | 2009-07-16 |
JP2011509368A (ja) | 2011-03-24 |
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