CN101907744A - Filter for realizing bandwidth tuning based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect - Google Patents
Filter for realizing bandwidth tuning based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN101907744A CN101907744A CN 201010224405 CN201010224405A CN101907744A CN 101907744 A CN101907744 A CN 101907744A CN 201010224405 CN201010224405 CN 201010224405 CN 201010224405 A CN201010224405 A CN 201010224405A CN 101907744 A CN101907744 A CN 101907744A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a filter for realizing bandwidth tuning based on an optical fiber grating self-chirping effect. The filter is characterized by comprising an optical fiber grating 1, a polymer 2, two sections of metal sleeves 3 and a metal hose 4, wherein the optical fiber grating 1 is coaxially penetrated into the two sections of metal sleeves 3, the polymer 2 is filled between the optical fiber grating 1 and the two sections of metal sleeves 3, and the metal hose 4 for protecting tail fiber of the optical fiber grating is sleeved at an interface where two ends of the optical fiber grating 1 are jointed with the polymer 2, wherein the two sections of metal sleeves 3 have the inner diameter of16 to 20 mm and the length of 15 mm, and the distance between the two sections of metal sleeves 3 is 10 mm. In the filter, when the midpoint of a grating region part of the optical fiber grating is encapsulated at a zero strain part, the central wavelength of an optical fiber grating reflectance spectrum is not changed, and the bandwidth of the optical fiber grating reflectance spectrum is widened along with the pressure increase. The invention has the advantages of large bandwidth tuning range, simple, small and exquisite structure, easy system integration, and the like and can be widely applied in an optical fiber communication system and an optical fiber sensing system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bandwidth tunable optic filter, belong to the optical fiber filter field, particularly a kind of wave filter of realizing bandwidth tuning based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect.
Background technology
Fiber grating is because of its excellent selecting frequency characteristic and realize Full Fibre Network easily, is widely used at fiber optic communication field.Because the temperature of external environment and the drift that strain all can cause fiber grating centre wavelength, therefore, fiber grating can be used as the tunable wave length filter applies in optical fiber communication and sensing network.In addition,, also can realize bandwidth tuning, can obtain the bandwidth tunable optic filter, and the tuning range of bandwidth is directly proportional with the gradient in strain or temperature field fiber grating by setting up strain or temperature gradient field in the grid region of fiber grating.Utilize the uneven chirped fiber grating of index modulation cycle or depth of modulation,, can realize the adjustable filtering of bandwidth equally, but chirped fiber grating is more more complex than the manufacture craft of uniform fiber grating by chirp rate tuning.At present, many relevant warbling of fiber grating realization bandwidth tunable optic filters that utilize have been arranged, these filter applies methods such as mechanics, electromagnetics, calorifics, comprising multiple beam type structure, in order to produce the gradient Strain Distribution, usually need be made into special beam type structure, so its manufacture craft is relatively complicated; Plate the not metallic film of uniform thickness in addition outside fiber grating, make fiber grating produce chirp phenomenon by the electric current that changes metallic film, its coating process itself is with regard to more complicated, and cost is higher, and centre wavelength also can change in bandwidth tuning; Adopt the chirped fiber grating bandwidth tuning of step motor drive two ends compression column with fixed,, need to adopt high-precision step motor drive, its price comparison costliness if will obtain high-precision bandwidth tuning.Therefore, the fiber grating bandwidth tuning wave filter that adopts above various structures to make, some manufacture craft is had relatively high expectations, and some complicated operation or cost are higher, and perhaps centre wavelength also can change in bandwidth tuning, thereby has limited its practical application.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that solves
For fear of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of wave filter of realizing bandwidth tuning based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect, act on pressure on the polymkeric substance by change, cause that fiber grating produces chirp, thereby reach the tunable purpose of fiber grating reflectance spectrum bandwidth, finally realize the bandwidth tunable optic filter that a kind of centre wavelength is constant.
Thought of the present invention is: fiber grating is encapsulated on the central axis of polymkeric substance, the polymkeric substance side closely is connected with two sections metal sleeves, extraneous equally distributed pressure acts on polymkeric substance and metal sleeve, because polymer moieties is subject to metal sleeve, therefore axially can produce the gradient strain along fiber grating, and the strain value size is successively decreased by middle mind-set both sides, thereby makes the fiber grating reflectance spectrum produce the broadening of chirp phenomenon and bandwidth.When the grid region of fiber grating part mid point was encapsulated in the zero strain place, the centre wavelength of fiber grating reflectance spectrum was constant, and bandwidth is broadening along with the increase of pressure.
Technical scheme
A kind ofly realize it is characterized in that the wave filter of bandwidth tuning: comprise fiber grating 1, polymkeric substance 2, two sections metal sleeves 3 and metal hoses 4 based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect; Fiber grating 1 coaxial penetrating among two sections metal sleeves 3, filled polymer 2 between fiber grating 1 and the two sections metal sleeves 3, the interface suit that fiber grating 1 two ends are connected with polymkeric substance 2 is used to protect the metal hose 4 of fiber grating tail optical fiber; The internal diameter of described two sections metal sleeves 3 is 16～20mm, and length is 15mm, at a distance of 10mm.
The grid region of described fiber grating is apart from the end face 10～20mm of polymkeric substance one end.
Described fiber grating adopts two fiber gratings of series connection mutually, and the grid region of two fiber gratings is respectively apart from the different end face 10～20mm of polymkeric substance.The foveal reflex wavelength interval of two fiber gratings is greater than the maximum bandwidth broadening amount of each fiber grating.
In the middle of two sections metal sleeves 3, add one section metal sleeve, with the two ends metal sleeve at a distance of 10mm; Fiber grating adopts 4 fiber gratings of series connection mutually, and the grid region of the fiber grating at two ends is respectively apart from the different end face 10～20mm of polymkeric substance, and middle two fiber grating grid region parts link to each other with the fiber grating grid region of opposite ends.Foveal reflex wavelength interval between per two fiber gratings is greater than the maximum bandwidth broadening amount of each fiber grating.
Described fiber grating is a uniform Fiber Bragg Grating FBG of index modulation cycle, and its grid region length is 10mm, and reflectivity is greater than 90%.
Beneficial effect
A kind of wave filter of realizing bandwidth tuning based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect that the present invention proposes, when ambient temperature one timing, along with the increase of pressure only can cause the broadening of fiber grating reflectance spectrum bandwidth, and centre wavelength can not change, and has improved the stability and the accuracy of filtering.Adopt two different fiber gratings of centre wavelength to be encapsulated in the polymkeric substance, the effect that can be implemented in uniform pressure produces the bandwidth tunable optic filter of dual wavelength passage down.Simultaneously, easily this structural extended is subject in the multistage same metal sleeve of constant distance to polymkeric substance, and select centre wavelength to be encapsulated in the polymkeric substance, thereby realize the bandwidth tunable optic filter or the comb filter of multi-wavelength passage at a distance of the fiber grating of certain value.In addition, it is big that this wave filter has the bandwidth tuning scope, simple in structure small and exquisite, is easy to advantages such as the system integration, can be widely used in optical fiber communication and the optical fiber sensing system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is based on the bandwidth tunable optic filter structural profile synoptic diagram of single fibre grating.
Fig. 2 adopts finite element method for simulating emulation based on Fig. 1 median filter structure, and the central shaft of encapsulation polymkeric substance under the even distribution pressure effect in the external world is to the Strain Distribution curve, and fiber grating is in strain zone between a point and the b point.
Fig. 3 is encapsulated in fiber grating between the strain zone a point and b point shown in Figure 2 the broadening situation synoptic diagram of the fiber grating reflectance spectrum bandwidth that numerical simulation obtains.
Fig. 4 is based on the bandwidth tunable optic filter structural profile synoptic diagram of the dual wavelength passage of double optical fiber grating.
Fig. 5 is based on the bandwidth tunable optic filter or the comb filter structural profile synoptic diagram of the multi-wavelength passage of many fiber gratings.
Wherein: the 1-fiber grating; The 2-polymkeric substance; The 3-metal sleeve; 4-capillary metal tube; The 5-single-mode fiber.
Embodiment
Now in conjunction with the embodiments, accompanying drawing is further described the present invention:
For uniform Fiber Bragg Grating FBG of index modulation cycle, its central wavelength lambda
BCan be expressed as
λ
B＝2n
effΛ
In the formula, n
EffBe the fibre core effective refractive index, Λ is a grating pitch.Under the effect of uniform temperature or strain field, its reflection spectrum bandwidth is constant, but centre wavelength drifts about, and drift value Δ λ
BCan be expressed as
Δλ
B＝[(1-P
e)ε+(α+ξ)ΔT]·λ
B
In the formula, ε is a dependent variable, and Δ T is a temperature variation,
Effective elasto-optical coefficient (P for fiber optic materials
IjFor being respectively the bullet light component of tensor and the Poisson ratio coefficient of fiber optic materials with μ), α and ξ are respectively the thermal expansivity and the thermo-optical coeffecient of fiber optic materials.When temperature-resistant, fiber grating is under the effect of heterogeneous strain field ε (z), because the grid of each position, grating grid region is (as pitch Λ and index modulation depth delta n
Eff) corresponding non-uniform change will take place with the non-uniform Distribution of strain field, thereby cause the centre wavelength at fiber grating diverse location place inequality, because the function of strain curve is continuous, finally form the reflectance spectrum of warbling of the whole broadening of a fiber grating reflectance spectrum shape.The broadened bandwidth amount Δ λ of the spectrum of warbling
ChirpedWith maximum strain difference Δ ε
MaxThe pass be
Δλ
chirped＝λ
B(1-P
e)·Δε
max
In addition, when the grid region of fiber grating part mid point is encapsulated in the zero strain place, the fiber grating both sides are subjected to normal strain and negative strain respectively, therefore the fiber grating reflectance spectrum is that mid point launches to two ends with the central wavelength, the centre wavelength that is reflectance spectrum is constant, and bandwidth along with the increase of pressure broadening.The grid region part of fiber grating is encapsulated in a point in the accompanying drawing 2 and the strain zone between the b point, adopts numerical simulation to obtain the reflectance spectrum broadened bandwidth situation of fiber grating under different pressures, as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 1: consult accompanying drawing 1, fiber grating is encapsulated in part and is subject on the polyurethane central axis of metal sleeve, and two sections metal sleeves are at a distance of 10mm, so the pressure practical function is at two end faces and the middle exposed part of polymkeric substance.The tail optical fiber of fiber grating is adopting the protection of capillary metal tube near polymkeric substance end face place, in order to avoid under the pressurized situation, the optical fiber phenomenon that fractures occurs.Under the effect of ambient pressure, it is maximum and present the symmetry distribution of successively decreasing to two ends that strain appears in the midpoint on the polymkeric substance central axis.The mid point of fiber grating is encapsulated in the zero strain place, to guarantee that fiber grating bandwidth tuning process centre wavelength is not drifted about when environment temperature one timing.
Embodiment 2: consult accompanying drawing 4, on the basis of embodiment 1, another root fiber grating is encapsulated on the symmetric position of polyurethane, overlaps, should make the maximum bandwidth broadening amount of the foveal reflex wavelength interval of two fiber gratings greater than each fiber grating for fear of the reflectance spectrum of two fiber gratings.Because the strain of polymkeric substance central axis under pressure is symmetrical distribution, the centre wavelength of two fiber gratings remains unchanged separately, and its broadened bandwidth situation is identical, thereby has realized the bandwidth tunable filtering of dual wavelength passage.
Embodiment 3: consult accompanying drawing 5, being subject to three sections metal sleeves with polyurethane is example, introduces the bandwidth tunable optic filter or the comb filter of multi-wavelength passage.When polymkeric substance is subject to three sections metal sleeves, adjacent two sections metal sleeves are at a distance of 10mm, the same extraneous evenly polymkeric substance exposed part of distribution pressure practical function between polymkeric substance two ends and adjacent both ends metal sleeve, the central axis of polymerization can occur two sections with as shown in Figure 2 Strain Distribution, four different fiber gratings of centre wavelength are encapsulated in corresponding linear gradient strain zone respectively, because every section linear gradient Strain Distribution is identical, therefore the broadened bandwidth situation of four fiber gratings is identical.For the reflectance spectrum that prevents four fiber gratings overlaps, should make the maximum bandwidth broadening amount of fiber grating foveal reflex wavelength interval between any two greater than each fiber grating in the process of broadening.Simultaneously, when the centre wavelength of four fiber gratings is pressed the certain value increasing or decreasing, just can realize the tunable comb filtering of bandwidth; When the centre wavelength difference of four fiber gratings, and the phase difference is not simultaneously yet, can realize the bandwidth tunable optic filter of four wavelength channels again.On above basis, easily this filter construction is expanded to the certain comb filtering of bandwidth tunable filtering or wavelength interval of multi-wavelength passage.In actual applications, can select the fiber grating of different foveal reflex wavelength to encapsulate as required, to realize the bandwidth tunable filtering of required wavelength.Therefore, the present invention is with a wide range of applications.
Claims (6)
1. the wave filter based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect realization bandwidth tuning is characterized in that: comprise fiber grating (1), polymkeric substance (2), two sections metal sleeves (3) and metal hose (4); Fiber grating (1) is coaxial to be penetrated among two sections metal sleeves (3), filled polymer (2) between fiber grating (1) and the two sections metal sleeves (3), the interface suit that fiber grating (1) two ends are connected with polymkeric substance (2) is used to protect the metal hose (4) of fiber grating tail optical fiber; The internal diameter of described two sections metal sleeves (3) is 16～20mm, and length is 15mm, at a distance of 10mm.
2. the wave filter based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect realization bandwidth tuning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the grid region of described fiber grating is apart from the end face 10～20mm of polymkeric substance one end.
3. the wave filter of realizing bandwidth tuning based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described fiber grating adopts two fiber gratings of series connection mutually, and the grid region of two fiber gratings is respectively apart from the different end face 10～20mm of polymkeric substance.And the foveal reflex wavelength interval of two fiber gratings is greater than the maximum bandwidth broadening amount of each fiber grating.
4. according to claim 1ly realize it is characterized in that the wave filter of bandwidth tuning based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect: in the middle of two sections metal sleeves 3, add one section metal sleeve, with the two ends metal sleeve at a distance of 10mm; Fiber grating adopts 4 fiber gratings of series connection mutually, and the grid region of the fiber grating at two ends is respectively apart from the different end face 10～20mm of polymkeric substance; And the foveal reflex wavelength interval between per two fiber gratings is greater than the maximum bandwidth broadening amount of each fiber grating.
5. realize the wave filter of bandwidth tuning based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect according to described any of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that: described fiber grating is a uniform Fiber Bragg Grating FBG of index modulation cycle, its grid region length is 10mm, and reflectivity is greater than 90%.
6. the wave filter based on optical fiber grating self-chirping effect realization bandwidth tuning according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described polymkeric substance is polyurethane, acrylate or silicon rubber.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN107687817A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2018-02-13 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | One kind miniaturization flexible optical fibre grating strain transducer |
| CN109239877A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-18 | 三峡大学 | A kind of ess-strain optical cable based on ultrashort dim light grid array |
| CN110244403A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-17 | 清华大学 | Photonic crystal chirp bragg grating pulse stretcher |
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| CN107687817A (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2018-02-13 | 北京航天控制仪器研究所 | One kind miniaturization flexible optical fibre grating strain transducer |
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| CN109239877A (en) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-18 | 三峡大学 | A kind of ess-strain optical cable based on ultrashort dim light grid array |
| CN110244403A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-09-17 | 清华大学 | Photonic crystal chirp bragg grating pulse stretcher |
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| CN101907744B (en) | 2012-06-06 |
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