CN101905322A - Method and device for pressing and forming powder at high temperature and high speed in vacuum - Google Patents
Method and device for pressing and forming powder at high temperature and high speed in vacuum Download PDFInfo
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- CN101905322A CN101905322A CN 201010235295 CN201010235295A CN101905322A CN 101905322 A CN101905322 A CN 101905322A CN 201010235295 CN201010235295 CN 201010235295 CN 201010235295 A CN201010235295 A CN 201010235295A CN 101905322 A CN101905322 A CN 101905322A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for pressing and forming powder at high temperature and high speed in vacuum. The forming method is vacuum pressing, high-temperature pressing and high-speed pressing forming integrated technology. The device for implementing the method comprises that: a punch hammer is connected with a motor through a pulley arranged over a guide cylinder, and is kept to freely move vertically in the guide cylinder; a mould is positioned in a vacuum system; a heating ring is directly sleeved on the mould; and powder put into a mould cavity and the mould are heated together. The vacuum system overcomes the defect of easy oxidization at high temperature in the high-temperature and high-speed pressing forming technology, can greatly improve the heating temperature but not oxidize the powder, realizes high-temperature and high-speed pressing forming, and effectively improves density of green bodies of powder metallurgy products. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use, reliable and practical intelligent direct reading system, relative low price and no environmental pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of powder metallurgy, specifically be meant a kind of method and device thereof of the powder high temperature and high speed press forming under vacuum environment.
Background technology
Low-cost manufacturing high-density powder metallurgy parts is the research emphasis of field of powder metallurgy always.For this reason, the researchers of powder metallurgy circle have carried out long-term and unremitting effort, and have emerged in large numbers as new technologies such as temperature and pressure, warm flow compaction, die wall lubrication, moving magnetic pressure systems, and it is constantly progressive to have promoted PM technique.In order to pursue more highdensity powdered metallurgical material, and can bring into play energy-conservation, the material-saving of PM technique, efficient, the near clean characteristics that form shape, powder high velocity compacted technology is arisen at the historic moment.
The high velocity compacted technology is a Sweden
Company is in the new technology of a kind of high efficiency shaping high density part of calendar year 2001 release.Be exactly to utilize the weight high speed impact to produce powerful shock wave energy will pass to metal dust in the mould by pressing mold carry out densifiedly in 0.02s specifically, the multiple additional shockwave of 0.3s can improve constantly density at interval.The high velocity compacted technology have that cost is low, green density is high and be evenly distributed, characteristics such as low elasticity aftereffect and high accuracy, die life are long, its characteristic that repeatedly repeats to suppress is that middle-size and small-size device fabrication large-scale part has improved possibility.
The temperature and pressure technology has been used in the actual production since 1994 propose very soon, makes a breakthrough about key technology China of temperature and pressure, and its technology is simple, with low cost, extrudate density height, performance and steady quality.
Announce a kind of high speed pressing and forming method of warm powder and device thereof in the Chinese invention patent 201010019542.5, high-speed pressing and forming technology and warm-pressing formation technology have been organically combined, improved the density of pressed compact.Metal dust has delayed its work-hardening capacity and has improved its plastic deformation ability under certain heating-up temperature, temperature high-ductility deformability more is strong more, metal dust densified there is positive effect, makes the green density of warm high velocity compacted will be higher than the density of conventional high velocity compacted.But this manufacturing process mold heated temperature range limited (80～150 ℃), along with the rising of temperature, powder oxidation situation is serious, and density reduces on the contrary.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming method is provided.
Another object of the present invention is to realizing that a kind of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming method provides a kind of simple in structure, reliable and practical, relative low price, eco-friendly device.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming is vacuum pressing, high temperature compacting and the incorporate technology of high-speed pressing and forming, and it comprises:
(1) gravitional force that obtains by dropping hammer is as the compacting energy, and the impact stress ripple that block stamp whereabouts bump upper punch produces is passed to high temperature powder by upper punch with energy, makes the fine and close rapidly shaping of high temperature powder, and block stamp whereabouts impact velocity is not less than 10m/s;
(2) mould is positioned at vacuum system, and its vacuum is at least 5Pa;
(3) mould heats with the resistance-type heating collar, and the heating-up temperature scope is 150～800 ℃;
(4) adopt intelligent direct-reading system.
Described block stamp whereabouts impact velocity is to be adjusted the block stamp height of drop and obtained by motor, and different block stamp height of drops obtain corresponding different impact velocity.
Described high temperature powder is meant and powder is placed in the mold cavity and mould heats acquisition together.
Described intelligent direct-reading system, specifically be meant: at first shock wave passes to pressure sensor through bottom punch, the signal that converts to through pressure sensor passes to data collecting card again, directly generate shock wave compaction curve figure by software on computers at last, figure can obtain the shock wave waveform by the shock wave compaction curve, and the horizontal stroke from figure, ordinate are read respectively for the time of effect powder and the maximum of impulsive force.
A kind of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming device of realization said method is made up of drop impact system, vacuum system, high-temperature systems, measuring system.Described drop impact system by pulley, motor, frame, guide cylinder, block stamp, cope match-plate pattern, side template, upper and lower mould dash, pressing plate, mould, base form; Described vacuum system is made up of vacuum container cover, vacuum tank, bleeding point, exhaust tube, valve, vacuum meter and vavuum pump; Described high-temperature systems is made up of heating collar, temperature measurer; Described measuring system is made up of tachymeter, pressure sensor, data collecting card, computer; Their installation, connecting relation are: guide cylinder upper end is fixed on the frame that motor is installed, lower end and cope match-plate pattern seam, and block stamp links by pulley and the motor that is installed in directly over the guide cylinder, and keeps its free vertical activity in guide cylinder; Corrosion resistant plate keeps sealing to contact with the vacuum tank that base is welded with associated vacuum container cover; Exhaust tube one end of band valve is enclosed within on the bleeding point of vacuum container cover, and the other end and vacuum meter, vavuum pump link; The mould that is fixed on the base by pressing plate places in the vacuum tank; Upper punch passes the vacuum container cover lower end and enters in the mold cavity, and encapsulation process is made in upper punch and vacuum container cover contact position; The side template symmetry is fixed on the base; The tachymeter symmetry is installed on the side template both sides; Heating collar directly is enclosed within on the mould, and temperature measurer is fixedly mounted on the mould; Pressure sensor is installed in the bottom punch below, and contacts with bottom punch; Pressure sensor links to each other with data collecting card, and data collecting card links to each other with computer by USB interface.
The relative prior art of the present invention has following outstanding advantage:
1, the present invention is a kind of device of having realized powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming specialized designs, adopt unique impact structure, directly utilize gravitional force to obtain the compacting energy, obtain different impact velocitys by regulating the weight height of drop, theoretical maximum speed can reach 18.78m/s.Gravitional force substitutes and requires harsh hydraulic pressure or other type of drive, not only simple in structure, reliable and practical, and environmentally safe, it is a kind of environmentally friendly building mortion, cost is relatively low again, thereby more can promote applying of this manufacturing process, be specially adapted to colleges and universities, R﹠D institution.
2, the vacuum system that adopts of the present invention has overcome warm high-speed pressing and forming in the too high oxidized defective easily of heating-up temperature, heating-up temperature significantly can be improved and powder can be not oxidized, can obtain green density up to 4.43g/cm
3, density reaches 98.31% titanium base powder metallurgy goods and green density up to 7.71g/cm
3, density reaches 98.85% iron-base powder metallurgical product.
3, the present invention directly heats mould by the resistance-type heating collar, has substituted the deep fat heating, has simplified the installation of heating element heater, and heating-up temperature can accurately be controlled, and can read the temperature and pressure mold temperature by temperature measurer.
4, it is convenient and practical that the present invention adopts intelligent direct-reading system, directly generate shock wave compaction curve figure by software on computers, figure can obtain the shock wave waveform by the shock wave compaction curve, and the horizontal stroke from figure, ordinate are read respectively for the time of effect powder and the maximum of impulsive force.
5, the present invention need not to add lubricant, has overcome to add the defective that lubricant brings, environmentally safe in traditional pressed powder.
6, the present invention can be widely used in the shaping of different dusty materials, but the once-forming high-density powder metallurgy parts; It is even to prepare density, and high fine and close, knockout press is little, the sintered metal product of good mechanical performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming device of the present invention.
Figure middle pulley 1, motor 2, frame 3, guide cylinder 4, block stamp 5, cope match-plate pattern 6, side template 7, tachymeter 8, upper and lower mould dash 9,11, pressing plate 10, pressure sensor 12, mould 13, data collecting card 14, computer 15, base 16, heating collar 17, thermocouple temperature measurement instrument 18, vacuum container cover 19, vacuum tank 20, bleeding point 21, exhaust tube 22, valve 23, vacuum meter 24 and vavuum pump 25.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming is vacuum pressing, high temperature compacting and the incorporate technology of high-speed pressing and forming, a kind of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming device of realizing this method as shown in Figure 1, this device is made up of drop impact system, vacuum system, high-temperature systems, measuring system, described drop impact system be by pulley 1, motor 2, frame 3, guide cylinder 4, block stamp 5, cope match-plate pattern 6, side template 7, upper and lower mould dash 9,11, pressing plate 10, mould 13, base 16 form; Described vacuum system is made up of vacuum container cover 19, vacuum tank 20, bleeding point 21, exhaust tube 22, valve 23, vacuum meter 24 and vavuum pump 25; Described high-temperature systems is made up of heating collar 17, temperature measurer 18; Described measuring system is made up of tachymeter 8, pressure sensor 12, data collecting card 14, computer 15.Their installation, connecting relation are: guide cylinder 4 upper ends are fixed on the frame 3 that motor 2 is installed, lower end and cope match-plate pattern 6 seam; Block stamp 5 links with motor 2 by the pulley 1 that is installed in directly over the guide cylinder 4, and keeps it free vertical movable in guide cylinder 4; Vacuum tank 20 is for corrosion resistant plate and base 16 are welded, the screw sealed attachment of 6 belt washers of vacuum container cover 19 usefulness that match with vacuum tank 20; Exhaust tube 22 1 ends of band valve 23 are enclosed within on the bleeding point 21 of vacuum container cover 19, and the other end and vavuum pump 25 link; Vacuum meter 24 links with exhaust tube 22; The mould 13 that is fixed on the base by pressing plate 10 places in the vacuum tank 20; Upper punch 9 passes vacuum container cover 19 lower ends and enters in mould 13 die cavities, and upper punch 9 is smeared vaseline with vacuum container cover 19 contact positions and sealed; Side template 7 symmetries are fixed on the base 16; Tachymeter 8 symmetries are installed on side template 7 both sides; Heating collar 17 directly is enclosed within on the mould 13, and temperature measurer 18 is fixedly mounted on the mould 13; Pressure sensor 12 is installed in bottom punch 11 belows, and contacts with bottom punch 11; Pressure sensor 12 links to each other with data collecting card 14, and data collecting card 14 links to each other with computer 15 by USB interface.
The different impact velocitys of block stamp of the present invention are to obtain by the height of drop of regulating motor 2 control block stamps 5, and principle is that gravitional force is converted into kinetic energy, and the theoretical maximum impact velocity can reach 18.78m/s.Impact velocity can be measured by the BR20M-TDTL correlation photoelectric sensor of tachymeter 8, and directly shows the velocity magnitude when block stamp 5 impacts upper punch 9 on pulse meter.The height of drop of present embodiment block stamp is 15m for this reason, and recording impact velocity is 16.8m/s.
200 purpose titanium powder are adopted in experiment in the present embodiment, the heavy 5g of powder, and the die cavity diameter is 10mm.
When device during work, at first mould 13 is placed in the vacuum tank 20, with pressing plate 10 mould 13 is fixed on the base 16, again powder mould 13 die cavities of packing into, use the key screw vacuum container cover 19 and vacuum tank 20 sealed attachment of 6 belt washers then.Upper punch 9 passes vacuum container cover 19 lower ends and enters in mould 13 die cavities, and upper punch 9 is smeared vaseline with vacuum container cover 19 contact positions and sealed.When unlatching vavuum pump 25 is evacuated to 5Pa, valve-off 23, keep the vacuum in the vacuum system, resistance-type electric heating coil 17 heating moulds 13 of then opening power and be 2500W are to 150 ℃ of design temperatures, place powder and mould 13 in mould 13 die cavities to heat the acquisition high temperature powder together, thermocouple temperature measurement instrument 18 is housed in mould 13, can reads mould 13 temperature, and can accurately control (heating error ± 1 ℃) by thermocouple temperature measurement instrument 18.Upper punch 9 lower ends directly contact with powder; Block stamp 5 falls bump upper punch 9, and the impact stress ripple of generation passes to high temperature powder by upper punch 9, makes powder in the utmost point fine and close rapidly shaping in the short time, finishes the high velocity compacted process one time; Pass to pressure sensor 12 through bottom punch 11 again, the signal that converts to through pressure sensor 12 passes to data collecting card 14, directly generate impact stress ripple figure by software at last on computer 15, the time of the maximum of impulsive force and effect powder can directly read from figure.
Present embodiment obtains the sample green density and reaches 3.99g/cm
3, density reaches 88.55%, obtains the high 0.33g/cm of sample green density when not adding vacuum plant
3Oxygen content is 0.15%, and the oxygen content 0.35% of the sample when not adding vacuum plant has reduced by 0.2%, has prevented oxidized effectively.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment 100 purpose water-atomized iron powders, setting the mold heated temperature is 400 ℃, i.e. and the high temperature powder that heating obtains is 400 ℃, and vacuum is 4Pa, obtains the sample green density and reaches 7.71g/cm
3, density reaches 98.85%, obtains the high 0.28g/cm of sample green density when not adding vacuum plant
3Oxygen content is 0.17%, and the oxygen content 0.63% of the sample when not adding vacuum plant has reduced by 0.46%, has prevented oxidized effectively.Further improved simultaneously the density of green compact, made sintered metal product reach the nearly end form of high level and be shaped.
200 purpose titanium powder are adopted in experiment in the present embodiment, setting the mold heated temperature is 798 ℃, the high temperature powder that i.e. heating obtains is 798 ℃, vacuum is 2Pa, all the other structures and connecting relation thereof, embodiment are all identical with embodiment 1, obtain the sample green density and reach 4.43g/cm3, density reaches 98.31%, obtains the high 0.49g/cm3 of sample green density when not adding vacuum plant; Oxygen content is 0.17%, and the oxygen content 0.83% of the sample when not adding vacuum plant has reduced by 0.66%, has prevented oxidized effectively.
Claims (5)
1. the method for a powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming is characterized in that: manufacturing process is vacuum pressing, high temperature compacting and the incorporate technology of high-speed pressing and forming, and it comprises:
(1) gravitional force that obtains by dropping hammer is as the compacting energy, and the impact stress ripple that block stamp whereabouts bump upper punch produces is passed to high temperature powder by upper punch with energy, makes the fine and close rapidly shaping of high temperature powder, and block stamp whereabouts impact velocity is not less than 10m/s;
(2) mould is positioned at vacuum system, and its vacuum is at least 5Pa;
(3) mould heats with the resistance-type heating collar, and the heating-up temperature scope is 150～800 ℃;
(4) adopt intelligent direct-reading system.
2. the method for a kind of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described block stamp whereabouts impact velocity is to be adjusted the block stamp height of drop and obtained by motor, and different block stamp height of drops obtain corresponding different impact velocity.
3. the method for a kind of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described high temperature powder is meant and powder is placed in the mold cavity and mould heats acquisition together.
4. the method for a kind of powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described intelligent direct-reading system, specifically be meant: at first shock wave passes to pressure sensor through bottom punch, the signal that converts to through pressure sensor passes to data collecting card again, directly generate shock wave compaction curve figure by software on computers at last, figure can obtain the shock wave waveform by the shock wave compaction curve, and the horizontal stroke from figure, ordinate are read respectively for the time of effect powder and the maximum of impulsive force.
5. device of realizing the method for powder vacuum high-temperature high-speed pressing and forming, it is characterized in that: this device is made up of drop impact system, vacuum system, high-temperature systems, measuring system, described drop impact system be by pulley (1), motor (2), frame (3), guide cylinder (4), block stamp (5), cope match-plate pattern (6), side template (7), upper and lower mould dash (9,11), pressing plate (10), mould (13), base (16) is formed; Described vacuum system is made up of vacuum container cover (19), vacuum tank (20), bleeding point (21), exhaust tube (22), valve (23), vacuum meter (24) and vavuum pump (25); Described high-temperature systems is made up of heating collar (17), temperature measurer (18); Described measuring system is made up of tachymeter (8), pressure sensor (12), data collecting card (14), computer (15); Their installation, connecting relation are: guide cylinder (4) upper end is fixed on the frame (3) that motor (2) are installed, lower end and cope match-plate pattern (6) seam, block stamp (5) links with motor (2) by the pulley (1) that is installed in directly over the guide cylinder (4), and keeps its free vertical activity in guide cylinder (4); Corrosion resistant plate keeps sealing to contact with the vacuum tank (20) that base (16) is welded with associated vacuum container cover (19); Exhaust tube (22) one ends of band valve (23) are enclosed within on the bleeding point (21) of vacuum container cover (19), and the other end and vacuum meter (24), vavuum pump (25) link; The mould (13) that is fixed on the base by pressing plate (10) places in the vacuum tank (20); Upper punch (9) passes vacuum container cover (19) lower end and enters in mould (13) die cavity, and upper punch (9) is made encapsulation process with vacuum container cover (19) contact position; Side template (7) symmetry is fixed on the base (16); Tachymeter (8) symmetry is installed on side template (7) both sides; Heating collar (17) directly is enclosed within on the mould (13), and temperature measurer (18) is fixedly mounted on the mould (13); Pressure sensor (12) is installed in bottom punch (11) below, and contacts with bottom punch (11); Pressure sensor (12) links to each other with data collecting card (14), and data collecting card (14) links to each other with computer (15) by USB interface.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102784914A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2012-11-21 | 成都图南电子有限公司 | Inter-temperature pressing system and method for adhering magnet |
| CN103817331A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-05-28 | 华南理工大学 | Device and method for achieving powder metallurgy sintering material surface compacting through rolling |
| CN109940160A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-06-28 | 合肥学院 | A kind of powder metallurgy high velocity compacted molding machine |
| CN110076336A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-02 | 合肥学院 | A kind of powder metallurgy high velocity compacted molded test method |
| CN110441100A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-12 | 南京理工大学 | For nanometer powder preparation and the molded high vacuum interacted system of superelevation in situ |
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| CN101386926A (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | 清华大学 | Method for preparing Mg-based compound material and preparation apparatus |
| CN101745638A (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2010-06-23 | 华南理工大学 | High speed pressing and forming method of warm powder and device thereof |
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2010
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101386926A (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2009-03-18 | 清华大学 | Method for preparing Mg-based compound material and preparation apparatus |
| CN101745638A (en) * | 2010-01-21 | 2010-06-23 | 华南理工大学 | High speed pressing and forming method of warm powder and device thereof |
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| 《2009全国粉末冶金学术会议》 20091231 张启旺等 高速压制法制备W90/Cu复合材料的工艺研究 373-378 1-4 , 2 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102784914A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2012-11-21 | 成都图南电子有限公司 | Inter-temperature pressing system and method for adhering magnet |
| CN102784914B (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2015-05-20 | 成都图南电子有限公司 | Inter-temperature pressing system and method for adhering magnet |
| CN103817331A (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2014-05-28 | 华南理工大学 | Device and method for achieving powder metallurgy sintering material surface compacting through rolling |
| CN103817331B (en) * | 2014-02-27 | 2016-09-21 | 华南理工大学 | The device and method of powder metallurgy sintered material surface densification is realized by rolling |
| CN110441100A (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2019-11-12 | 南京理工大学 | For nanometer powder preparation and the molded high vacuum interacted system of superelevation in situ |
| CN110441100B (en) * | 2018-05-02 | 2022-04-01 | 南京理工大学 | Vacuum interconnection system for preparing nano powder and realizing in-situ ultrahigh pressure forming |
| CN109940160A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-06-28 | 合肥学院 | A kind of powder metallurgy high velocity compacted molding machine |
| CN110076336A (en) * | 2019-05-08 | 2019-08-02 | 合肥学院 | A kind of powder metallurgy high velocity compacted molded test method |
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Application publication date: 20101208 |