Background technology
The application technology of solar energy maturation is the low-temperature water heating utilization of solar energy, main employing vacuum glass Manifold technology is a heat energy with conversion of solar energy, technical at this kind, there is employing that heat pipe is inserted into glass tube with vacuum inside with the technology of heat transferred to outside acquisition solar energy, and on the vacuum glass basis, further improve and the various devices of exploitation, wherein being provided with vacuum layer in the glass tube with vacuum is incubated, in the inside of vacuum layer selective coating is set solar energy is absorbed conversion, though the vacuum glass layer has well been realized insulation, selective coating has well been realized sun transformation of energy, but, heat energy utilization after it transforms gets up very uneconomical, as adopt existing method that water is fed directly to glass tube with vacuum inside and directly carry out heat exchange, but to winter just can't use, realized heat transfer in the winter time though adopt hot pipe technique, but increased cost, reduced the utilance of heat energy, present this technology is applied to the hot water of low temperature and uses, and can't realize the application of the middle high temperature of solar energy, as the application of solar generator;
The generation technology of high temperature in the existing technology solar energy mainly is to adopt tower, slot type, and butterfly, and groove type solar is business-like solar energy photothermal converter spare, outside main the employing is not glass tube, inside is the stainless steel metal pipe, and inside vacuumizes, and realizes the collection of solar energy; But this kind absorber price height has only the enterprise of minority can grasp its production technology; The main difficult technical of butterfly solar energy and tower type solar application simultaneously also is photo-thermal conversion solar energy switching device, tower type solar particularly, need carry out work in the interval of 600-1500 degree mainly due to photothermal converter, because stable work when metal device that high temperature adopted can't be grown, thereby tower solar power station just can't be long-term carry out work, thereby need the solar energy photothermal converter spare of high temperature be improved.
Development along with the solar energy mirror technology, can adopt common optical frames or Fresnel optical frames that solar energy is collected, but, after having the solar energy mirror technology that solar energy is collected, very high density of heat flow rate will be produced, adopt common heat-transfer matcrial conversion can't realize the transmission of the heat energy of high heat flux, thereby need a kind of novel material to realize that heatproof is with efficient.
Existing solar photoelectric light-heat switching device is monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon and hull cell three major types type, on a kind of metal of plane, nonmetallic planar substrates, process a kind of solar photoelectric light-heat conversion coating, with solar energy converting is electric energy, planar substrates can be crooked film and become hull cell, coating mainly sample monocrystalline silicon, to the amorphous silicon battery of crystal silicon and film.But silicon material for solar cells can not satisfy the needs of photovoltaic industry development mostly from the outer product of semiconductor silicon material and the material end to end of monocrystalline silicon at present.Silicon materials constitute the part that is difficult to reduction in the crystal silicon solar battery component cost just simultaneously, therefore in order to adapt to the needs of solar cell high efficiency, low cost, large-scale production development, the most effective way is not adopt by silicon raw material, silicon ingot, the silicon chip process route to solar cell, and adopts directly by the process route of raw material to solar cell.In principle, a few μ m are thick just can to absorb most energy, but the thickness of actual polysilicon membrane generally is 50 μ m.Just because of this, people have developed thin film solar cell, and the filming of solar cell is to be purpose to reduce ground with solar cell cost of manufacture and the semi-conductor cell structural material of saving costliness.For from mechanical strength upper support battery thin film active layer, just need substrate.Certainly, backing material also should be cheap.So in most example, substrate is not a semi-conducting material.The semiconductive thin film that forms on substrate is a polycrystal or noncrystal, and needs not to be monocrystal.Semiconductive thin film on the substrate can form by all means: physics with growth method chemistry and substrate impregnating method in the fused semiconductor material.The transformational structure of hull cell is the same with the structure of single crystal battery, and p-n junction type, Schottky type, MIS type and heterojunction type etc. are arranged.
But the battery of existing solar photoelectric light-heat conversion, solar photoelectric light-heat converting material processing is externally increased encapsulation such as glass after on the backing material, simultaneously owing to there is not further temperature control device, make photovoltaic cell in use be subjected to Temperature Influence, the generating efficiency of common battery at noon the time reduces on the contrary, if increase the cost that attemperating unit has increased solar panel again, can not realize simultaneously the photovoltaic and photothermal comprehensive utilization, only solar panel can be gathered electric energy, an energy and heat energy can not be provided simultaneously, influence the comprehensive utilization ratio of solar energy.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of solar blind tube photoelectric and photothermal conversion device, sampling blind pipe light transmissive material, on the inside of blind pipe device, outer surface, process the solar photoelectric light-heat transition material, with solar energy converting is electric energy, openend is carried out airtightly just can directly using, do not need again it to be encapsulated, reduced the cost of existing solar photoelectric light-heat transition material; Inside cavity that simultaneously can the blind pipe light penetrating device is provided with fluid or the Heat Pipes temperature controlling to the solar photoelectric light-heat transition material, make it remain conversion efficiency efficiently, its heat energy is fully utilized after transmitting by fluid or heat pipe, thereby realizes solar power generation, temperature control, raising solar energy converting efficient, the comprehensive integrated utilization of solar thermal utilization.
In order to improve the solar energy utilization ratio, also be provided with solar energy mirror in the outside of device, with solar energy reflect, focusing such as refraction, projection, to raise the efficiency,, increased heat-insulation layer in the outside of device in order to reduce heat waste.
Concrete summary of the invention is as follows:
A kind of solar blind tube photoelectric and photothermal conversion device is characterized in that: comprise a printing opacity blind pipe device at least, printing opacity blind pipe device is provided with a solar photoelectric and photo-thermal conversion coating, is electric energy and heat energy with conversion of solar energy.
Printing opacity blind pipe device is the cavity that contains at least one opening, cavity be shaped as cylinder, sphere, ellipse, polyhedral one or more, or the cavity of at least one end opening of forming along an axis rotation of cavity.
The material of any printing opacity may be used to make the blind pipe device, is preferably glass devices.
Any is that the coating material of electric energy and heat energy is suitable for requirement of the present invention with solar energy converting, the processing of solar photovoltaic conversion coating and photo-thermal conversion coating is preferably processing in zone that sunlight can shine on the inside of printing opacity blind pipe device and/or outside at least a portion surface.
Preferred solar photoelectric light-heat conversion coating is selected following at least a:
A, monocrystalline silicon coating;
B, polysilicon coating;
C, amorphous silicon membrane coating;
D, polycrystal silicon film coating.
Described solar photoelectric and photo-thermal conversion coating are divided into a plurality of zones, it in each zone an independently solar energy converting coated elements, for the opto-electronic conversion coating, each unit is provided with the both positive and negative polarity electric lead, and the both positive and negative polarity of a plurality of unit interconnects.
Inside and/or outside at printing opacity blind pipe device also are provided with heat exchange device and/or heat exchanging fluid.
The heat exchange device is selected from following a kind of:
A, metal, nonmetal, metal and nonmetal composite pipe;
The evaporation ends of B, heat pipe.
The blind pipe parts that contain an opening, one end are blind pipe, other end opening, its inner metal tube that inserts, metal tube is blind pipe or is provided with import and the metal tube of outlet that fluid flows out from the blind pipe of metal tube or from the import and the outlet of metal tube, perhaps contains the blind pipe parts of an opening, the one end is a blind pipe, other end opening, its inner heat pipe that inserts, the evaporation ends of heat pipe is arranged on the inside of device, condensation end is arranged on the outside of blind pipe pipe, and heat pipe closely is connected with device.
Described fluid is one or more in liquid, gas, solidliquid mixture, gas-liquid mixture, the gas-liquid-solid mixture.
The structure of any kind of mainly meets the requirement of heat exchange, may be used to carry out heat exchange, and the heat pipe of heat exchanger components is following at least a kind of heat pipe usually:
A, general heat pipe;
B, integral heat pipe;
C, separate type circulating heat pipe;
D, can connect heat pipe;
F, pulse heat pipe;
At different temperature ranges, can adopt different connected modes, the connected mode of heat exchanger and blind pipe device adopts following a kind of:
A, excess material connect, and comprise the excess material of kovar alloy connection, metal or pottery;
B, interior or outward corrugated tube connection;
C, nonmetally be flexible coupling, comprise and adopt rubber cushion rubber, sealing gasket, silica gel circle, cork.
Thereby, can adopt suitable sealing mode at different application of temperature, blind pipe device and heat exchanger constitute one of following device usually:
A, vacuum device; By vacuumizing or thermal exhaust makes blind pipe device and heat exchange device constitute an airtight cavity, inside can keep vacuum degree.
B, antivacuum during; Blind pipe device and heat exchange device are antivacuum airtight, and gas can enter or discharge;
During C, the partial vacuum; Blind pipe device and heat exchange device constitute an airtight cavity, but whether adopt vacuum tightness, along with using inner vacuum degree to reduce gradually.
Through after vacuumizing or fill inert gas, protective gas, openend to be carried out airtight, sealed end can make lead or heat exchanger pass.
Between blind pipe device outside, blind pipe device and heat exchange device or/and solar energy mirror is arranged in the outer setting of blind pipe device; In the outside various solar energy mirror that adopt projection of blind pipe device sunlight is injected into the inside of cavity, preferably adopts Fresnel Lenses; Device between blind pipe device and the heat exchange device, the preferred sunglasses that adopts reflection or refraction will enter into the solar light focusing of cavity to the heat exchange device; For outside reflection or diaphotoscope can be set, realize focusing on or secondary focusing, promptly at first adopt a kind of solar energy mirror to focus on, carry out secondary focusing or repeatedly focusing if desired again, up to the composite design requirement at the blind pipe device; For the solar energy utilization of high temperature, radiation heat transfer will become crucial heat exchange, thereby need to increase the solar energy mirror of antiradiation, realize the antiradiation heat exchange as adopting tinfoil paper at a low price; No matter adopting which kind of mode, as long as sunlight can be carried out focus on the blind pipe after transmission, reflection, the refraction, all is the method that the present invention can adopt, and solar energy mirror is selected from following a kind of or its combination:
A, composite parabolic speculum;
B, Fresnel mirror comprise lens or speculum;
C, concave, convex lens;
D, disc type parabolic reflector;
E, post, groove shape parabolic reflector;
F, plane mirror;
G, to the material that thermal radiation is reflected, comprise tinfoil paper.
On the position that the sunlight of blind pipe device or heat exchange device can not shine, still be provided with insulation material, so that minimizing heat waste, according to different application of temperature, can adopt different heat preserving modes, use for high temperature, at first need asbestos, fiber, cement etc. to realize the insulation of high temperature, also need the insulation materials such as polyurethane, polyphenyl material of low temperature then, can adopt usually and select following one or more combined material at least:
A, the metal that contains vacuum layer or nonmetallic materials;
B, asbestos, fiber heat preservation material;
C, insulating cement;
D, polyurethane, polyphenyl material, plastics, nylon insulation material;
E, thermal insulation coatings.
Can adopt Any shape to realize purpose of the present invention, but the shape of blind pipe device and heat exchanger components usually can for cylinder, sphere, ellipse, polyhedron, fan-shaped, have recessed or protruding hole polyhedral one or more, the device of cylinder is suitable for the solar energy acquisition of line focus, as blind pipe or inside and outside all is the device of blind pipe pipe, sphere, ellipse, polyhedron, fan-shaped; And the cylinder, sphere, ellipse, polyhedron, fan-shaped collection and the utilization that is suitable for butterfly and tower type solar that have recessed or protruding hole, can take different shapes according to different sun collections; The cylinder that has recessed or protruding hole is used to increase the utilization ratio of solar energy.
The usefulness of invention:
1, by incorporate design, make the solar energy coating can direct processed blind pipe on after, by using after the direct encapsulation, advance to have lacked the encapsulation link, thereby reduced whole cost.
2, can realize photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated application by incorporate design, improve the application efficiency of solar energy whole, reduce the cost of Application of Solar Energy;
3, by a device, realize photovoltaic and photo-thermal collection, realized the incorporate design of photovoltaic and photo-thermal, reduced cost.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the blind pipe solar photoelectric light-heat converter
According to shown in Figure 1, the blind pipe device be shaped as cylinder (1), processing solar photoelectric and photo-thermal coating (3) on the cavity of cylinder inside, blind pipe is the good white glass material of light transmission, is electric energy thereby solar energy shines inner coating through white glass with solar energy converting.
Device directly can be used, also can a kind of fluid be set by openend (5), fluid arrives the outside with the thermal energy transfer of blind pipe inside, realizes the temperature control of device and the collection of heat energy.
Embodiment two: the hot pipe solar photoelectric and photo-thermal conversion
According to shown in Figure 2, the blind pipe device be shaped as cylinder (1), processing solar photoelectric light-heat coating (3) on the cavity of cylinder inside is that monocrystalline silicon and solar energy are selected coating, blind pipe is the good plastics of light transmission, is electric energy thereby solar energy shines inner coating through plastics with solar energy converting.
The evaporation ends of heat pipe is arranged on the inside cavity of blind pipe device, and heat pipe is connected with the blind pipe device by syndeton (4), and condensation end is arranged on the outside of blind pipe; For the application of low temperature, can adopt the solar energy acquisition of non-tracking, for the application of middle temperature, can adopt the solar energy acquisition of groove type line-focusing, for the application of high temperature, can adopt butterfly or tower solar energy tracking technology; Like this for the working temperature of any needs, can adopt the blind pipe device to realize that solar energy converting is an electric energy, the collection of sampling Heat Pipes temperature controlling and heat energy, thus can realize the comprehensive utilization of photovoltaic/thermal and photo-thermal.
Embodiment three: hexagon blind-tube photoelectric photothermal converter
According to shown in Figure 3, in the outside of cylindrical blind pipe device (1) promising hexagon external cavity (7) is set also, sunlight incident position at the blind pipe device is provided with solar energy lens (8), heat exchanger on the blind pipe device (2) is stainless cylinder device, the cavity of blind pipe device is provided with the coating that solar energy converting is an electric energy, the characteristic of the silicon layer on the glass substrate is the p+ layer: are 10 Jing~40 Jing thick, resistivity 2~3? the 0-8 ohmcm; P layer: 8 Jing~10 Jing, resistivity: 0.2~2 ohmcm; The n+ layer: is 0.2 Jing~0.4 Jing thick, resistivity 1~2? the 0-3 ohmcm; Glass substrate is divided into the zone of 10mm*10mm.Be provided with the solar energy optical-thermal conversion coating of 10mm*10mm simultaneously, its ratio is for respectively accounting for 50% of the gross area.
The heat exchange device is arranged on the inside of blind pipe device, and the device of heat exchange simultaneously is provided with import (5) and outlet (5), and fluid enters from import, flows out from outlet; For the application of low temperature, can adopt the solar energy acquisition of non-tracking, for the application of middle temperature, can adopt the solar energy acquisition of groove type line-focusing, for the application of high temperature, can adopt butterfly or tower solar energy tracking technology; But no matter which kind of is used, and by the heat exchange effect of fluid, the temperature that remains the solar photoelectric light-heat conversion coating is controlled at below 60 degree.Can realize the comprehensive utilization of photovoltaic and photo-thermal like this.
Embodiment four: semicircle blind-tube photoelectric photothermal converter
According to Figure 4 shows that side cross-sectional view, blind pipe device (1) is arranged on the inside of a semicircle device of bigger metal, metal semicircle device is provided with solar energy lens (8), solar energy is incided in the cavity (7), in inside cavity and blind pipe device outer setting solar energy reflection mirror (9) is arranged, adopting the reflection of tinfoil paper realization to radiation, particularly is when realizing the solar energy acquisition of high temperature, need reflect processing especially at radiation heat transfer; The position that can not shine at the sunlight of blind pipe device is provided with insulation material (10), inner heat exchanger (2) is a heat pipe, the evaporation ends of heat pipe is arranged on the inside of blind pipe device, condensation end is arranged on the outside of hot pipe device, and solar energy converting is the coating (3) of electric energy and the coating that is converted to heat energy.Its ratio is 3: 7, is arranged on the external shell of blind pipe device, and hot pipe device is connected by syndeton (4) with the blind pipe device.
For the application of low temperature, can adopt the solar energy acquisition of non-tracking, for the application of middle temperature, can adopt the solar energy acquisition of groove type line-focusing, for the application of high temperature, can adopt butterfly or tower solar energy tracking technology; This structure is particularly suitable for the solar energy acquisition of tower and butterfly, more possesses high efficiency and low cost for the solar energy utilization of high temperature; For the working temperature of any needs, can realize the collection and the utilization of the photovoltaic and the photo-thermal of solar energy like this.