CN101901290B - Machine design method based on three-dimensional virtual space of integrated mechanism - Google Patents
Machine design method based on three-dimensional virtual space of integrated mechanism Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a machine design method based on a three-dimensional virtual space of an integrated mechanism, which is realized by setting up a three-dimensional integrated mechanism design system in a computer. According to a three-dimensional integrated mechanism in the mind of a designer and a mechanic design principle, a three-dimensional virtual image in an integrated mechanism unit stored in the system virtual integrated unit space can be invoked. The three-dimensional integrated mechanism can be built and assembled in an assembling space of the virtual mechanism. A running space of the virtual mechanism is arranged for exerting the virtual simulation running of the designed mechanism. Stereoscopic reveal, integrated capturing, integrated setting up, dynamic observation, cartoon demonstration and vivid running are all simple and rapid designing methods to the designer, so as to solve the problems that the traditional machine design method has complex process, one-sided two-dimensional motion picture and viewing express, abstract machinery drawing and picture identification, machine design engaged in idle theorizing, and the like.
Description
Technical field the invention belongs to the mechanical designing technique field, is specifically related to a kind of machine design method of the virtual three dimensional space based on integrated mechanism, and this method realizes by the three-dimensional Machine Design system that is installed in the computing machine.
Any mechanical designing technique of background technology all is seizure, demonstration and the expression of the deviser being conceived image.The deviser must abide by Principle of Mechanical Designing, at first visualizes the three-dimensional machinery image that some basic mechanical mechanisms are formed, that definite relatively motion is arranged in brain; Its less important will be wherein plurality of fixed member, driving member and driven member and some kinematic pairs of being connected them, be depicted as the two-dimentional sketch of mechanical motion on paper and check its degree of freedom; The 3rd will draw the part drawing of this machinery two dimension by national standard on drawing; The 4th will draw the wiring layout of this machinery two dimension; The 5th will process zero member by part drawing; The 6th will dress up machinery with zero component groups by wiring layout; The 7th will implement the operation debugging to machinery; To return the plane drawing at last and make amendment,---until typing.In this design process, the machinery design realizes it being three-dimensional with machinery, and detail of design will be depicted as two dimension on the drawing of plane.Because supporting the west biography descriptive geometry of view design itself is exactly to study the rule of perspective geometry: how the religion people are drawn in space configuration on two-dimensional projection's face at paper place with the view formal science exactly, teach people how to imagine into three-dimensional body from the projection view of the some two dimensions of paper again simultaneously.This draughtsmanship, particularly know diagram technology, promptly press projection law from the three-dimensional to the two dimension, return three-dimensional thinking in images from two dimension again, perplexing many mechanics even Machine Design personnel, hinder and restricting the fast development of Machine Design and processing industry thereof.In fact Ancient Chinese foundry craftsman does not have pitch of the laps as above-mentioned design process, be exactly on paper, directly to draw stereographic map, but drawn stereographic map does not meet modern perspective geometry rule, a bit as traditional Chinese Painting simple, straight-forward style of writing skill and technique, its sketch the contours lines to space multistory describe both inaccurate, also unintelligible.Graphing of Engineering also can be drawn the three-dimensional coordinate axonometric drawing by the perspective geometry method, and is cumbersome owing to drawing, and dimensioning is clear inadequately again on stereographic map, therefore seldom adopts on the Machine Design drawing.
The develop rapidly of present age computer technology, particularly high-level efficiency, high-precision numerical coding and contract and separate algorithm, supporting the Digital image technology level to improve constantly, be functions such as high resolution digital image shows on computers in real time, conversion, storage, the condition precedent of sustainable development is provided.Various tool software, AutoCAD for example, CAXA, 3DMAX, MAYA or the like, all be based on the process such as drafting, processing, analysis, identification, structure of the digital picture that Digital image technology carries out, its essence is two, the various computings of three-dimensional digital image signal.The program of these algorithmic languages, support the various kinds line style to delineate parts profile, support tones at different levels to fill the zone of part closed outlines at computer video, or the view of the part of sketching on the two-dimensional coordinate plane, or the axonometric drawing of the part of sketching in the three-dimensional coordinate space, and blanking and playing up in addition; Have can with the view of part, axonometric drawing together with coordinate move, rotation or yardstick be flexible; If with the time also as another argument of image space signal, then the still image of zero member and whole machinery thereof can become the animation that moves or rotate, more than technology such as these digital picture draftings, processing, analysis, identification, structure, be the present invention---the machine design method based on the virtual three dimensional space of integrated mechanism is laid a good foundation.
Machine design method provided by the invention, realize by the three-dimensional Machine Design system that is installed in the computing machine, can select former the stock's or the newly-designed integrated mechanism of user unit, promptly three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism and standard component, part commonly used, in the three-dimensional coordinate system of computer video, show, rolling mouse then can build with assembling design person's brain in the three-dimension integrally machinery conceived, check through mechanical degree of freedom, be designed to three-dimensional animation by mechanical operating parameters, reach the demonstration effect of virtual emulation operation.This machine design method is pressed the three-dimensional machinery image of human brain design, directly manifest at Computerized three-dimensional Virtual Space neutral body, integrated seizure, integral body are built, dynamically expression, flash demo, operation true to nature, are a kind of handy, convenient and swift methods to the deviser.Domestic by retrieval have similar patent of invention " a kind of digitization mechanical design method " (application number: 200610083816.0) open, " the CAD software platform based on the advanced person finished the parts three-dimensional modeling to this patented method; By virtual assembling; Form digital prototype; By performance evaluation and optimization to digital prototype; Realize the Mechanism Optimization design of longitudinal axial flow united reaper, carry out part processing production according to the three-dimensional modeling of the digital prototype after optimizing." this patent at first will utilize computing machine " each part of forming engineering goods to be carried out three-dimensional modeling respectively ", for example " described engineering goods are united reaper ", by " winder ... tail sheet " etc. 21 parts form.Show that this patent first step is to have all parts of determining design " to carry out three-dimensional modeling respectively " these, and then " virtual assembling ", through assembly relation " is made amendment " " till meeting the requirements, forming digital prototype " not in full conformity with the three-dimensional model that requires.Should be noted that, this patent is based on all parts two-dimentional machinery design drawings of determining product, carry out virtual manufacture, the assembling of three-dimensional artificial, on computer video, draw part drawing, the wiring layout of product three-dimensional in other words, compared with two-dimensional graphics many one dimension, real mechanical drawing method rather than the machine design method of belonging to.And the machine design method of the virtual three dimensional space based on integrated mechanism provided by the invention, there is not the design drawing of ready-made engineering goods and parts thereof to comply with, its application machine design concept, according to the three-dimensional machinery image drawing three-dimensional virtual image of conceiving in deviser's brain, directly envision the moulding assembling and operation design of Simulation of machinery, and give very color design sketch and animation, no longer draw through kinematic sketch design and part drawing, the assembled view of two dimension on the conventional planar drawing.Particularly all kinds of general basic mechanical mechanisms are considered as the integrated mechanism unit, by the basic mechanical mechanism of one or more three-dimensionals and standard component, the such unit of part commonly used, integral body is built the three-dimensional machinery of expection, and the method for drawing discrete three-dimensional parts with a lot of CAD softwares is different.
Summary of the invention the present invention is directed to the time traditional mechanical method for designing that falls behind restrict the present situation of mechanical industry fast development, the traditional mechanical design process is loaded down with trivial details in order to solve, two dimensional motion sketch and view are expressed unilateral, mechanical drawing and knowledge figure thinking is abstract, and Machine Design is confined to problems such as empty talk, and a kind of machine design method of the virtual three dimensional space based on integrated mechanism is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme taked of the present invention is:
A kind of machine design method of the virtual three dimensional space based on integrated mechanism, realize by the three-dimensional integrated Machine Design system that is installed in the computing machine, this system is based on the three-dimensional coordinate system of computer video, be provided with virtual integrated unit space, virtual machine assembling space and virtual machine running space, this machine design method may further comprise the steps:
1. vivid according to the three-dimension integrally machinery of brain design, the deviser is in described virtual integrated unit space, select or create three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism that form three-dimension integrally machinery one or more are referred to as the integrated mechanism unit and standard component, part commonly used, and various visual angles show and observe its three-dimensional virtual image in this 3 d space coordinate system;
2. in the three-dimensional coordinate system in described virtual integrated unit space, shape, the size of one or more integrated mechanisms unit that 1. step is selected or created further confirmed or transformed, the degree of freedom of three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism is wherein checked, or demonstrate its motion state with animated, till the designing requirement that meets three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism, and add their confirmation and preserve;
3. step has been confirmed that the virtual image of one or more integrated mechanisms unit of adhering to specification calls in the virtual machine assembling space in 2., in the three-dimensional coordinate system, regulate its ratio unanimity, the three-dimensional position and the relative size that are connected to each other between the part are coincide, and then build and assemble the three-dimension integrally machinery of human brain design, and various visual angles show and observe its three-dimensional virtual image, return virtual integrated unit space for the integrated mechanism unit three-dimensional virtual image that can not satisfy matching requirements and carry out its relative size transformation, till the assembling of satisfying three-dimension integrally machinery requires, and add their confirmation and preserve;
4. the three-dimensional virtual image of the three-dimension integrally machinery that step is assembled in is 3. called in the virtual machine running space, check its mechanical degree of freedom and must equal 1, check mechanical degree of freedom and equal 0 or need return this system master interface greater than the kinematic pair member of 1 three-dimension integrally machinery, reentering virtual integrated unit space transforms again, machinery degree of freedom eligible designs three-dimensional animation by the kinematic pair and the degree of freedom of machinery, reach the demonstration effect of virtual emulation operation, and whether the observation three-dimensional animation meets the operational factor of Machine Design requirement, the failure must regulate the three-dimensional animation parameter, till the designing requirement of satisfying mechanical movement, and add their confirmation and preserve, finally obtain the virtual image of required three-dimension integrally machinery.
In the three-dimensional coordinate system in described virtual machine running space, virtual machine assembling space and virtual integrated unit space, preserve the virtual image of the three-dimension integrally machinery of user's design and validation and three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism and standard component, part commonly used respectively, all these three-dimensional virtual images are rotated its a certain dimension coordinate of three-dimensional coordinate system bunching and obtain the basic view of its two dimension, or all these three-dimensional virtual images are obtained its three-dimensional or two-dimentional cut away view with plane cutting.
The machine design method of above-mentioned virtual three dimensional space based on integrated mechanism provided by the invention, grow with each passing hour, based on the present age virtual with reality Digital image technology and the characteristics of quick computing of computer graphics instrument and operation, draw the general function of multiple three-dimensional drawing software development, formed the characteristic of the inventive method: the one, the globality of method for designing, the 2nd, be the intuitive of method for designing, the 3rd, the quick-acting of method for designing.Replace traditional discrete component circuit, image-region to operate the technological revolution that replaces point operation just like modern integrated circuits, therefore quick; Just as children play with building blocks, to take while wanting, the limit scrap (bridge) is thought, and is therefore directly perceived; As the virtual Environment Implementation video effect, its design sketch, emulation animation make the people just see design effect true to nature in advance before machine-building, and be therefore quick-acting.These advantages have determined practical value of the present invention and promotion prospect.Shortcoming is the three-dimensional design composition that obtains with the inventive method, it is very difficult clear to express mechanical dimension, for adapting to the out-of-date methods of mechanical processing plane drawings marked size, the present invention has appended by three-dimensional virtual image (whole machinery, basic mechanical mechanism and standard component, part image commonly used etc.) bunching one dimension and has been transformed into the basic view of its two dimension, obtain its three-dimensional or two-dimentional cut away view with plane cutting, utilize the inventive method and system thereof to realize that this drawing to the reverse engineer of two dimension by three-dimensional is very easily.
The three-dimensional integrated Machine Design system flowchart of description of drawings Fig. 1
The three-dimensional virtual image of Fig. 2 four-bar linkage
The three-dimensional virtual image of Fig. 3 slider-crank mechanism
The three-dimensional virtual image of Fig. 4 cam mechanism
The three-dimensional virtual image of Fig. 5 double-crank mechanism
The three-dimensional virtual image of Fig. 6 gear drive
The three-dimensional virtual image of Fig. 7 gear (commutation) gear train
The three-dimensional virtual image of Fig. 8 gear train and speed reduction unit mechanism
The three-dimensional virtual image of Fig. 9 screw thread (transmission) mechanism
The three-dimensional virtual image of Figure 10 chain-drive mechanism
The three-dimensional virtual image of Figure 11 worm gearing
The three-dimensional virtual image of Figure 12 geneva motion (ratchet) mechanism
The three-dimensional virtual image of Figure 13 Bearning mechanism
The gear-type pump machinery three-dimensional virtual image that Figure 14 a fitted position misfits
Figure 14 b is to the adjustment of a gear three-dimensional dimension in the gear-type pump three-dimensional virtual image
Figure 14 c can mesh through adjusting a pair of gear in back
Figure 14 d satisfies the gear-type pump machinery three-dimensional virtual image that the machinery assembling requires
The irrational baby press three-dimensional virtual image of Figure 15 a design proposal
The improved baby press design proposal of Figure 15 b
The vice three-dimensional virtual image (four view directions) of Figure 16 the inventive method design
The lifting jack three-dimensional virtual image (four view directions) of Figure 17 the inventive method design
The speed reduction unit three-dimensional virtual image (adding section plane, four view directions) of Figure 18 the inventive method design
The simple and easy punch press three-dimensional virtual image (four view directions) of Figure 19 the inventive method design
The kinematic sketch of Figure 20 a horizontal bar internal combustion engine
The three-dimensional virtual image (analysing and observe) of the horizontal bar internal combustion engine of Figure 20 b the inventive method design
The horizontal bar internal combustion engine three-dimensional animation sectional drawing (analysing and observe) of Figure 20 c different visual angles direction
Embodiment machine design method provided by the invention and three-dimensional integrated Machine Design system thereof, simple to operation, be convenient to popularize, the concrete operations step is as follows:
(1) under Microsoft Windows XP Professional version 2 002 Service Pack, 2 operating systems and Visual Basic 6.0 standard edition language development environment, start the flow process of machine design method provided by the invention and three-dimensional integrated Machine Design system thereof, according to the described step of Fig. 1: open the main interface of three-dimensional integrated Machine Design system, enter the menu column and can select wherein virtual integrated unit space, virtual machine assembling space and virtual machine running space.
(2) according to the three-dimensional machinery image of conceiving in the design human brain, enter virtual integrated unit mechanism spatial sub menu from system master interface, select one or more in stock's the basic mechanical mechanism of tens classes therein, perhaps access the integrated mechanism unit that user's design is stored in this, and various visual angles show the three-dimensional virtual image of observing it in this 3 d space coordinate system; Do you confirm to want assembly mechanical? in this way, then directly calling these integrated mechanism unit assembles in the virtual machine assembling space; Otherwise, will you the user determine successively: transform the integrated mechanism unit? check mechanism freedom? design the integrated mechanism animation? as wanting, just must be successively three-dimensional shape and the size of transforming the integrated mechanism unit, check integrated mechanism degree of freedom and various visual angles demonstration, design integrated mechanism animation and simulation demo; Till the designing requirement that meets basic mechanical mechanism, and add their confirmation and preserve.
(3) with the above-mentioned three-dimensional virtual image that need not transform one or more integrated mechanism unit that maybe must transform, from virtual integrated unit mechanism space or call in the three-dimensional coordinate system of virtual machine assembling space by system master interface, regulate its ratio unanimity, the three-dimensional position unanimity between the web member to each other, must the user determine successively subsequently: is relative size suitable between three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism that is used for making up and the connecting elements thereof? as the suitable three-dimension integrally machinery that just can build assembling human brain design, and various visual angles show and observe its three-dimensional virtual image; To basic mechanical mechanism of the inappropriate three-dimensional of relative size and connecting elements thereof, must return virtual integrated unit mechanism space and carry out three-dimensional dimension and transform again; Till the assembling of satisfying three-dimension integrally machinery requires, and add their confirmation and preserve.
(4) three-dimensional virtual image of above-mentioned satisfied whole machinery assembling is called in the virtual machine running space by main interface, must the user confirm: it is suitable that mechanical degree of freedom is checked? machinery degree of freedom check result must equal 1, and eligible just can further design and demonstrate three-dimensional animation by mechanical motion pair and degree of freedom; Otherwise, check mechanical degree of freedom and equal 0 or greater than 1 o'clock, need improve mechanical motion pair and make mechanical degree of freedom equal 1, can call in virtual integrated unit mechanism space again and transform again by the system master interface integrated mechanism unit of will being correlated with.Does then must the user confirm: the three-dimensional animation of design meet the mechanical movement condition? as meet and just can carry out virtual machine simulation run demonstration, as do not meet and to regulate the three-dimensional animation parameter according to mechanical operating parameters, till the designing requirement of satisfying mechanical movement, and add their confirmation and preserve.
(5) preserve the user selects or transform three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism and standard component, part commonly used respectively at above-mentioned virtual integrated unit space, virtual machine assembling space and virtual machine running space, have the user successfully to assemble and the virtual image of the three-dimension integrally machinery of normal operation.For on computer video, further being depicted as traditional engineering drawing such as part drawing, wiring layout, do you also must the user confirm successively: need be transformed into basic view? need cut away view? as needs, then all these three-dimensional virtual images must be rotated its a certain dimension coordinate of three-dimensional coordinate system bunching and obtain the basic view of its two dimension, or all these three-dimensional virtual images are obtained its three-dimensional or two-dimentional cut away view with plane cutting; Can select to withdraw from as not needing.
A kind of machine design method of the virtual three dimensional space based on integrated mechanism, it is characterized in that: this method realizes by the three-dimensional integrated Machine Design system that is installed in the computing machine, this system is provided with virtual integrated unit space, virtual machine assembling space and virtual machine running space based on the three-dimensional coordinate system of computer video.All virtual images that show in these three 3 d space coordinate systems, the two-dimentional wiring layout of non-traditional Machine Design, part drawing or plane sketch, be through delineating, blanking and the emulation 3-D view played up, be the 3-D view that can dynamically show from different view directions (orientation of revolution space three-dimensional coordinate).
Described virtual integrated unit space prestores the three-dimensional virtual image of the three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism of being called by the present invention of tens classes general (or the user newly designs) " integrated mechanism unit " and standard component, part commonly used, wherein the shape of all three-dimensional virtual images, size and position on-fixed are constant, are to have the three-dimensional variable image that profile can be reproduced, size can be stretched, the position can be shifted; The astatic 3 d effect graph of all three-dimensional virtual images is the animation of abideing by the simulation run of mechanism kinematic pairs constraint condition design, and can passes through its degree of freedom of governor motion constraint of kinematic pair parameter change; And the three-dimensional virtual image of all these variable, active three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanisms and standard component, part commonly used, at any time can be separately or be called simultaneously in the virtual machine assembling space.The three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism that virtual integrated unit space prestores mainly comprises: planar linkage mechanism, cam mechanism, gear drive, gear train and speed reduction unit, spring device, chain-drive mechanism, thread transmission, Bearning mechanism, tens kinds of basic mechanical mechanisms of general three-dimensional such as intermittent motion mechanism, worm gearing, tape handler, Zhou Grains draw bail, shaft coupling and clutch coupling, Fig. 2-Figure 13 have been enumerated the three-dimensional virtual image of the basic mechanical mechanism of part.
Described virtual machine assembling space, can select or the three-dimensional virtual image of the basic mechanical mechanism of all kinds of three-dimensionals of design and standard component, part commonly used from dummy unit mechanism space invoke user, in its three-dimensional coordinate system, regulate ratio, three-dimensional position unanimity each other, build the three-dimension integrally machinery of conceiving in assembling design person's brain, and various visual angles show and observe its three-dimensional virtual image; If the relative size between three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism that is used for making up and the connecting elements thereof does not match, can return dummy unit mechanism space and be transformed, till the assembling of satisfying three-dimension integrally machinery requires.Be shown in the gear-type pump machinery three-dimensional virtual image that the virtual machine assembling space assembles as Figure 14 a, one of them gear size is obviously improper; This gear shown in Figure 14 b returns several three-dimensional virtual images that reproduce in dummy unit mechanism space; This gear is adjusted at the virtual machine assembling space through relative size and assembles normal engaged shown in Figure 14 c; Figure 14 d and Figure 14 a contrast, the gear-type pump machinery three-dimensional virtual image that finally meets the demands of the virtual machine assembling space that is shown in assembling.
Described virtual machine running space, can call in the three-dimensional virtual image of the three-dimension integrally machinery that satisfies the assembling requirement from the virtual machine assembling space, check its mechanical degree of freedom and must equal 1, check mechanical degree of freedom and equal 0 or need pass through this system master interface greater than the kinematic pair member of 1 three-dimension integrally machinery, reentering virtual integrated unit space transforms again, machinery degree of freedom eligible designs three-dimensional animation by the kinematic pair and the degree of freedom of machinery, reach the demonstration effect of virtual emulation operation, and whether the observation three-dimensional animation meets the operational factor of Machine Design requirement, the person of not conforming to must regulate the three-dimensional animation parameter, till the designing requirement of satisfying mechanical movement.Shown in Figure 15 a, enter the three-dimensional virtual image of virtual machine running space baby press, the piston that its left side moves around in cylinder body is a driving link, the piston of doing vertical movement by lever transmission desire in the cylinder body of the right is a driven member, not may move by the piston of cartoon making demonstration because of the right, check its degree of freedom F, as can be known should machinery degree of freedom F nonconforming:
F＝3n-2P
L-P
H＝3×4-2×6-0＝0
N is the movable piece number in the formula, P
LBe lower pair (mobile, revolute pair) number, P
HBe higher pair (gear, cam pair) number, n=4 wherein, P
L=6, P
H=0;
This mechanism returns dummy unit mechanism space shown in Figure 15 b, install one on the right on the lever additional and move the revolute pair of holding concurrently, feasible at the virtual machine running space by cartoon making demonstration result, check its degree of freedom F, the piston on this mechanism the right can be done well-determined vertical movement as can be known:
F＝3n-2P
L-P
H＝3×5-2×7＝1
N is the movable piece number in the formula, P
LBe lower pair (mobile, revolute pair) number, P
HBe higher pair (gear, cam pair) number, n=5 wherein, P
L=7, P
H=0.
Enumerate several concrete Machine Design embodiment below, further specify the application of machine design method of the present invention and design system thereof.
The Machine Design of embodiment 1 vice
The design of vice is fairly simple, the wherein rotation of screw rod (driving link) screw on vice body, and drive activity vice body (driven member) is axially done progressively along screw thread, and the jaw of movable vice body is compressed to second half jaw that is fixed on vice body (frame).Therefore at first select the three-dimensional virtual image (Fig. 9) of thread transmission from the virtual integrated unit space of the integrated Machine Design of three-dimensional of the present invention system: drawing in the expansion of the basis of screw has the fixedly vice body of axial slide rail, expands the movable vice body that has chute of screw retention that draws at the progressive end of screw rod; Secondly will above transformed thread transmission tracking go into the coupling of carrying out thread mechanism in the virtual machine assembling space of the integrated Machine Design of the present invention's three-dimensional system, obtain the vice three-dimensional virtual image (Figure 16) of different visual angles direction; At last the jaw that designs is called in and implement the progressive animation simulation design of screw thread rotation in the virtual machine running space, just reproduced deviser's design directly perceived.
The Machine Design of embodiment 2 lifting jack
Similar with the design process of vice, as shown in figure 17 lifting jack be based on thread mechanism expansion another utilize the Machine Design of the integrated Machine Design of three-dimensional of the present invention system, transfer the virtual composition (Fig. 9) of thread mechanism from virtual integrated unit space the virtual machine assembling space of video, be used as rotation lift-bolt (driving link), one cooperates with screw on the base (frame) and to do axial elevating movement, and the other end is affixed by the top cover (driven member) of screw and loading; For laborsaving, swingle is passed in perforate on the lift-bolt, and the arm of force has extended.
By embodiment 1,2 as can be seen, the present invention is conceived to building and transforming of piece and piece, the deviser needn't require great effort in the design of various virtual integrated units, because the integrated package of the basic mechanical mechanism of in dummy unit mechanism space, storing of various three-dimensionals, also have a large amount of general purpose accessories and member commonly used, the three-dimensional virtual image that has been prepared in advance " building blocks and building blocks are formed universal architecture " for deviser's design.
The Machine Design of embodiment 3 gear reducers
Can directly call the three-dimensional virtual image (Fig. 8) of gear drive from the virtual integrated unit space of the integrated Machine Design of three-dimensional of the present invention system, key is to determine the diameter of meshing gear, the gear reducer that the present invention of utilization shown in Figure 180 designs according to gear speed ratio.
The Machine Design of embodiment 4 simple and easy punch presses
The deviser wants to utilize the at the uniform velocity cam (driving link) of rotation, causes the lever (driven member) on the contact cam contour to do up-and-down motion, produces stamping press downwards.Therefore need select the three-dimensional virtual image of cam mechanism (Fig. 4), leverage and spring member to call in the virtual machine assembling space from virtual integrated unit space; At the virtual machine assembling space, find also to need to return one of virtual integrated unit spatial design in the lever force side with hinged punch rod (driven member) and punching press seat (frame) thereof vertically downward, the rotating shaft (frame) of the fulcrum of designs fix lever (frame), stationary cam, these fixtures can design on a whole lathe bed (frame), have finished the assembling (Figure 19) of three-dimensional machinery at last.At virtual machine running space design animation, find that whole machinery can't move, find that in the intuitive analysis of video three dimensions the lever force side is the to-and-fro movement of arc track, and need do the motion (cooperating) of vertical direction up and down with the punch rod that hinge is attached thereto with the lathe bed cylindrical hole, the path is differed inevitable stuck, and checking degree of freedom is zero:
F＝3n-2P
L-P
H＝3×3-2×4-1＝0
N is the movable piece number in the formula, P
LBe lower pair (mobile, revolute pair) number, P
HBe higher pair (gear, cam pair) number, n=3 wherein, P
L=4, P
H=1;
For addressing this problem, increase a moving sets at hinge place, lever force side, even the motion of vertical direction is changed in the to-and-fro movement of arc track, checking degree of freedom is 1, has just satisfied designing requirement:
F＝3n-2P
L-P
H＝3×4-2×5-1＝1
N is the movable piece number in the formula, P
LBe lower pair (mobile, revolute pair) number, P
HBe higher pair (gear, cam pair) number, n=4 wherein, P
L=5, P
H=1.
The present invention helps the requirement of deviser's intuitive analysis satisfied " driven member must be done unique definite motion " on video as can be seen, and abstract degree of freedom is checked the imagery that becomes.
The Machine Design of embodiment 5 horizontal bar internal combustion engines
The design kinematic sketch that horizontal bar internal combustion engine shown in Figure 20 a is traditional, the machinery that it mainly is made up of three kinds of basic systems, wherein have: (piston 1 is driving link to mechanism's slider-crank mechanism, connecting rod 2, crank 3 are driven member, cylinder 8 is frame), (gear 4 that is connected with crank is input link to gear mechanism, gear 5 is frame for driven member, cylinder 8), cam mechanism (cam 6 that is connected with gear 5 is input component, and steam valve push rod 7 is a driven member, and cylinder 8 is a frame).
Kinematic sketch shown in Figure 20 a can not be intuitively, image and dynamically embody the motion morphology of the horizontal bar internal combustion engine of conceiving in deviser's brains.On computer video, start the integrated Machine Design of the present invention's three-dimensional system, access slider-crank mechanism, gear mechanism and cam mechanism (Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 4) from virtual integrated unit space, entering the virtual machine assembling space assembles, and note making a unified cylinder as frame in this spatial design, enter the virtual machine running space at last and examine mechanical degree of freedom, design and operation animation, with regard to the easy Machine Design of finishing the horizontal bar internal combustion engine.Adopt the three-dimensional animation sectional drawing (cut-open view) of the horizontal bar internal combustion engine three-dimensional machinery of the inventive method and system design thereof shown in Figure 20 b, the horizontal bar internal combustion engine three-dimensional virtual image (cut-open view) of different visual angles direction shown in Figure 20 c.Its three-dimensional virtual image is demonstrated with animated, vividly and has clearly reproduced design fuzzy in deviser's brain.Its degree of freedom operation result is:
F＝3n-2P
L-P
H＝3×5-2×6-2＝1
N is movable piece (piston, crank, connecting rod-gear, cam-gear, a push rod) number in the formula, P
LBe lower pair (revolute pair 4, moving sets 2) number, P
HBe higher pair (cam, gear pair each 1) number, n=5 wherein, P
L=6, P
H=2.
Claims (2)
1. machine design method based on the virtual three dimensional space of integrated mechanism, it is characterized in that: this method realizes by the three-dimensional integrated Machine Design system that is installed in the computing machine, this system is based on the three-dimensional coordinate system of computer video, be provided with virtual integrated unit space, virtual machine assembling space and virtual machine running space, this machine design method may further comprise the steps:
1. vivid according to the three-dimension integrally machinery of brain design, the deviser is in described virtual integrated unit space, select or create three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism that form three-dimension integrally machinery one or more are referred to as the integrated mechanism unit and standard component, part commonly used, and various visual angles show and observe its three-dimensional virtual image in this 3 d space coordinate system;
2. in the three-dimensional coordinate system in described virtual integrated unit space, shape, the size of one or more integrated mechanisms unit that 1. step is selected or created further confirmed or transformed, the degree of freedom of three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism is wherein checked, or demonstrate its motion state with animated, till the designing requirement that meets three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism, and add their confirmation and preserve;
3. step has been confirmed that the virtual image of one or more integrated mechanisms unit of adhering to specification calls in the virtual machine assembling space in 2., in the three-dimensional coordinate system, regulate its ratio unanimity, the three-dimensional position and the relative size that are connected to each other between the part are coincide, and then build and assemble the three-dimension integrally machinery of human brain design, and various visual angles show and observe its three-dimensional virtual image, return virtual integrated unit space for the integrated mechanism unit three-dimensional virtual image that can not satisfy matching requirements and carry out its relative size transformation, till the assembling of satisfying three-dimension integrally machinery requires, and add their confirmation and preserve;
4. the three-dimensional virtual image of the three-dimension integrally machinery that step is assembled in is 3. called in the virtual machine running space, check its mechanical degree of freedom and must equal 1, check mechanical degree of freedom and equal 0 or need return this system master interface greater than the kinematic pair member of 1 three-dimension integrally machinery, reentering virtual integrated unit space transforms again, machinery degree of freedom eligible designs three-dimensional animation by the kinematic pair and the degree of freedom of machinery, reach the demonstration effect of virtual emulation operation, and whether the observation three-dimensional animation meets the operational factor of Machine Design requirement, the failure must regulate the three-dimensional animation parameter, till the designing requirement of satisfying mechanical movement, and add their confirmation and preserve, finally obtain the virtual image of required three-dimension integrally machinery.
2. the machine design method of the virtual three dimensional space based on integrated mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: at described virtual machine running space, in the three-dimensional coordinate system in virtual machine assembling space and virtual integrated unit space, preserve three-dimension integrally machinery and the three-dimensional basic mechanical mechanism and the standard component of user's design and validation respectively, the virtual image of part commonly used, all these three-dimensional virtual images are rotated its a certain dimension coordinate of three-dimensional coordinate system bunching and obtain the basic view of its two dimension, or all these three-dimensional virtual images are obtained its three-dimensional or two-dimentional cut away view with plane cutting.
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| US10747389B2 (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2020-08-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Display of three-dimensional model information in virtual reality |
| CN106227916A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2016-12-14 | 辽宁工程技术大学 | A kind of Mechanical Design System of virtual three dimensional space |
| CN108090967A (en) * | 2017-12-18 | 2018-05-29 | 快创科技（大连）有限公司 | It is a kind of that demo system is assembled based on AR and the mechanical part of precision test technology |
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| CN116012971B (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2023-06-20 | 中机生产力促进中心有限公司 | Mechanical equipment detection management method and system |
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