CN101900664A - Vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test device - Google Patents
Vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test device which is characterized by comprising a testing autoclave body, an oil bath heating jacket, an autoclave body cover, a magnetic rotating device, a high-temperature reference electrode, a graphite auxiliary electrode, a working electrode, a variable frequency motor, a potentiostat, a corrosion measurement computer, an equipment control cabinet, an inner lining, a gas-phase generator, an electric heater and a thermocouple sensor. In the invention, an electrochemical measurement method is adopted to carry out experimental study on the relevant properties of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion, including the measurement of relevant coefficients of the transient corrosion property, the corrosion impedance and the corrosion reaction, the relation between mass transfer and corrosion reaction, the relation between the vapour-liquid two-phase flow pattern and the corrosion rate and production and breakage mechanism of a corrosion product membrane and the critical characteristic of the breakage. The high-speed rotation is realized and meanwhile, and the good sealing property is ensured by adopting the magnetic rotating device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of test unit, relate to the device of petrochemical industry, the test of nuclear power vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion specifically.
Background technology
At present, industry such as petrochemical industry, nuclear power has the strategic position of particular importance in the Chinese national economy development.In these industrial circles, the hi-tech mechanical hook-up develops towards the direction of high temperature, high pressure, maximization, and the working condition of bringing for thus industrial conveying pipe becomes increasingly complex, and the resistance to corrosion and the reliability of pipeline proposed high requirement.For guaranteeing the safe and reliable operation of mechanized equipment, avoid the generation of major accident, relative life prediction and pipeline anticorrosion Study on Technology become the significant problem that influences national development strategy and national medium-term and long-term scientific and technological development.In the face of pipe safety hidden danger under the complex working condition condition, rely on scientific and technical research, development and application reliability technology, pipeline life prediction and advanced nanometer technology under the High Temperature High Pressure vapour-liquid two-phase condition in the application aspect the pipeline corrosion protection, have been listed in advanced one of the cutting edge technology of making in China's National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development.
Show that according to Sweden nuclear power supervisory organ statistics vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion was to come second failure mode except stress corrosion crack in nuclear power plant equipment loses efficacy.China investigates and analyzes petroleum chemical enterprise's I, II, III class pipe explosion and heavy losses culprit nineteen ninety-five, finds to account for 29.8% of total Failure count by what the accelerated corrosion of flowing caused.The accelerated corrosion phenomenon that flows is common in pressurized-water reactor nuclear power plant secondary circuit pipe system, hydrocracking effluent air cooler, fuel-burning power plant steam condenser and high temperature and high pressure steam and coagulates water pipeline etc., and (complex environment that can reach 1E5~1E6) moves down at high temperature (100~310 ℃), high pressure (can reach 15MPa), solution-air two-phase, high reynolds number for a long time.
Along with the fast development of national economy, energy problem becomes the stumbling-block that restriction China economy increases fast.China proposes to want newly-built a collection of nuclear power station in medium-term and long-term development plan, yet China is relatively weak to the research of nuclear power pipeline vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion.This will cause potential threat to equipment safety operation, personnel's life security.Existing problems mainly contain:
(1) lack corresponding Specialty Experiment equipment, though some equipment can obtain some experimental datas indirectly, lacking versatility can't be generalized to these data in the actual production.
(2) existing experimental facilities has two kinds, i.e. rotating circular disk testing machine and the experiment porch built of the actual applying working condition of simulation.The former can obtain the influence of mass transfer to corrosion, but because the defective that is short of power that rotating circular disk provides can't obtain the reciprocation between fluid mechanics and the corrosion, and this testing machine can only obtain the mobile accelerated corrosion test data of monophasic fluid.Though the latter can access the experimental data of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion, because the restriction of corrosion speed measurement means, the data that obtain are accurate inadequately, and this experiment table does not possess versatility.
(3) some single-phase erosion-corrosion experiment device is because the condition of its discontented full border operating mode can't be understood vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion mechanism.Its experimental data does not possess directive significance to vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion.
Summary of the invention
Under the situation about lacking at domestic vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test device, the invention provides and a kind ofly can simulate High Temperature High Pressure vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion experimental provision.The present invention possesses broad more usable range, and experiment condition is the advantage of closing to reality situation more.Be applicable to temperature up to 300 ℃, pressure is the vapour-liquid two-phase, single-phase of 6.3MPa, corrosion destroys with mobile accelerated corrosion mechanism, fluid mechanics emulation, the corrosion products film cavitation of mobile coupling and the research of mobile accelerated corrosion critical characteristic and temporal properties.The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of device of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test, comprise test kettle, oil bath heating jacket, kettle lid, magnetic force rotating device, high temperature contrast electrode, graphite auxiliary electrode, working electrode, variable-frequency motor, potentiostat, corrosion measurement computing machine, device control case, neck bush, gas phase generator, electric heater and thermocouple sensor, described test kettle adopts the bolt flange structure to connect with the kettle lid; Test kettle and oil bath heating jacket weld by argon arc welding; Magnetic force rotating device comprises outer magnetic drum and interior magnetic drum, and electric heater, the thermocouple temperature sensor in the oil bath heating jacket links to each other with the device control case and constitute the closed-loop path of control temperature, guarantees that the experimentation medium is under the temperature constant state; The power system of experimental provision adopts magnetic stirring apparatus, be that variable-frequency motor is by driving outer magnetic drum rotation, carry out transmission of power under the magnetic drum magnetic field that magnetic drum forms outside in making, and interior magnetic drum connects with turbine by transmission shaft, thereby give the fluid of testing in the kettle transmission of power; Variable-frequency motor, the speed probe that is contained on the variable-frequency motor link to each other with the device control case, constitute the rotating speed control loop; Described working electrode and gas phase generator are installed on the neck bush by screw thread; The test surfaces of working electrode is concordant with the neck bush surface during installation, regulates the size of gas phase generator according to gas phase content.The lead that described contrast electrode, graphite auxiliary electrode, working electrode are drawn utilizes high-temp glue to be sealed in the stainless-steel tube, then the soft seal pad is compressed by the hold-down bolt that the center has through hole.The good seal performance of implement device; Described kettle covers and has five holes, be respectively graphite auxiliary electrode lead fairlead, contrast electrode lead fairlead, fluid injection injecting hole, temperature inductor patchhole, tensimeter and safety interlock insert the hole.
The perforate respectively of described test kettle and oil bath heating jacket side, these two holes are on same the axis.
The described contrast electrode kettle of packing into from the kettle lid outside covers in the contrast electrode lead fairlead of holding successfully, compresses sealing by contrast electrode pilot seal device, tetrafluoro cushion film and hold-down bolt then.
Described graphite auxiliary electrode by being threaded on the graphite auxiliary electrode pitman, between graphite rod and the kettle lid separates graphite rod with Tetrafluoro spacer, graphite auxiliary electrode pitman and kettle cover contacted place and insulate by Teflon tap.
The distance at described working electrode test surfaces and contrast electrode platinum filament tip is 0.5-1.5mm.Be preferably 1mm.
Described magnetic force rotating device cools off by circulating cooling system.
The lead that described working electrode, contrast electrode, graphite auxiliary electrode are drawn all links to each other with potentiostat, and potentiostat links to each other with the corrosion data collecting computer, realizes the collection of corrosion experiment data.
The lead of described contrast electrode, from the contrast electrode lead tapping device, draw, filled high-temperature glue sealing in this contrast electrode lead tapping device, by the Tetrafluoro spacer sealing, the electrode cable ejector compresses by the contrast electrode hold-down bolt then between this contrast electrode lead tapping device and the kettle lid; In order to improve the pressure rating of sealing, the contrast electrode lead tapping device is provided with the graphite soft packing, and the graphite soft packing compresses sealing by the sealing shroud gland.
The lead of described working electrode, draw from the working electrode lead tapping device, filled high-temperature fluid sealant in the working electrode lead tapping device, by Tetrafluoro spacer sealing, the working electrode lead tapping device compresses by the working electrode bolt of pressing on to the border then between working electrode lead tapping device and the test kettle; The working electrode lead tapping device is provided with the graphite soft packing, and the graphite soft packing compresses sealing by the sealing shroud gland.Improve the pressure rating of the sealing of device.
Described vapour phase generating means is a cylindrical boss; Described high temperature contrast electrode is provided with the contrast electrode protective casing; Described kettle lid is fixed by fastening bolt; Described outer magnetic drum is provided with outer magnetic drum cooling system shell outward; Described oil bath heating jacket sidepiece is communicated with the smoke evacuation of oil bath heating system and takes over, and oil bath heating jacket bottom is provided with the oil extraction of oil bath heating system and takes over; Described autoclave body bottom is provided with the kettle drain connection.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention adopts the method for electrochemical measurement, related characteristics research experiment to vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion, comprise that relation and corrosion products film between relation, stream-liquid two-phase flow type and the corrosion speed between mensuration, mass transfer and the corrosion reaction of the corrosive property of certain material transient state, corrosion impedance, the relevant coefficient of corrosion reaction produce and the mechanism of destroying and the critical characteristic of destruction.When adopting magnetic force rotating device to realize high speed rotating, guaranteed good sealing characteristics.Accelerated corrosion process and stream-liquid two-phase flow mechanics carry out simulation analysis to flowing; Test figure is in conjunction with the related parameter that has of stream-liquid two-phase flow mechanics, mass transfer theory, corrosion reaction theory, the regularity of distribution of research corrosion speed.The present invention can coagulate water pipeline to nuclear power station secondary circuit steam condensation water pipeline, petrochemical system high temperature and high pressure steam, and exists the device of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion characteristic to carry out simulation study, life prediction, Optimal Structure Designing, corrosion speed prediction, risk inspection, safety assessment etc.For the safe operation of pipeline and relevant devices provides technical guarantee.In addition, this test unit is simple in structure, and is easy to operate, is easy to promote.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the working electrode structural drawing of the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the contrast electrode sealed structure chart of example of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the working electrode sealed structure chart of example of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the graphite auxiliary electrode sealed structure chart of example of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the high temperature reference structural drawing of example of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the vapour phase generating means structural representation of example of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the vapour phase generating means sectional structure synoptic diagram of example of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further described:
As Fig. 1, a kind of device of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test, comprise test kettle 10, oil bath heating jacket 3, kettle lid 13, magnetic force rotating device, high temperature contrast electrode 18, graphite auxiliary electrode 21, working electrode 6, variable-frequency motor 20, potentiostat 9, corrosion measurement computing machine 11, device control case 22, neck bush 2, gas phase generator 7, electric heater 1 and thermocouple sensor 24, described test kettle 10 adopts the bolt flange structure to connect with kettle lid 13; Test kettle 10 and oil bath heating jacket 3 weld by argon arc welding; Magnetic force rotating device comprises outer magnetic drum 15 and interior magnetic drum 16, and electric heater 1, the thermocouple temperature sensor 24 in the oil bath heating jacket links to each other with device control case 22 and constitute the closed-loop path of control temperature, guarantees that the experimentation medium is under the temperature constant state; The power system of experimental provision adopts magnetic stirring apparatus, be that variable-frequency motor 20 is by driving outer magnetic drum 15 rotations, carry out transmission of power under magnetic drum 16 magnetic field that magnetic drum 15 forms outside in making, and interior magnetic drum 16 connects with turbine 26 by transmission shaft 25, thereby gives the fluid of testing in the kettle 10 with transmission of power; Variable-frequency motor 20, the speed probe that is contained on the variable-frequency motor 20 link to each other with device control case 22, constitute the rotating speed control loop; Described working electrode 6 is installed on the neck bush 2 by screw thread with gas phase generator 7; The test surfaces of working electrode 6 is concordant with neck bush 2 surfaces during installation, the size of regulating gas phase generator 7 according to gas phase content.The lead that described contrast electrode 18, graphite auxiliary electrode 21, working electrode 6 are drawn utilizes high-temp glue to be sealed in the stainless-steel tube, then the soft seal pad is compressed by the hold-down bolt that the center has through hole.The good seal performance of implement device; Have five holes on the described kettle lid 13, be respectively graphite auxiliary electrode lead fairlead, contrast electrode lead fairlead, fluid injection injecting hole, temperature inductor patchhole, tensimeter and safety interlock insert the hole.
Graphite auxiliary electrode 21 by being threaded on the auxiliary 21 electrode pitmans of graphite, between graphite rod and the kettle lid 13 separates graphite rod with Tetrafluoro spacer, graphite auxiliary electrode pitman and kettle cover 13 contacted places and insulate by Teflon tap.
The distance at working electrode 6 test surfaces and contrast electrode 18 platinum filament tips is 0.5-1.5mm.Be preferably 1mm.
Magnetic force rotating device cools off by circulating cooling system 17.
The lead that working electrode 6, contrast electrode 18, graphite auxiliary electrode 21 are drawn all links to each other with potentiostat 9, and potentiostat 9 links to each other with corrosion data collecting computer 11, realizes the collection of corrosion experiment data.
With reference to Fig. 2, the measurement face of working electrode, test surfaces is used ethanol and acetone oil removing then with 800 orders-1200 order abrasive paper for metallograph sanding and polishing, and cleans with distilled water, places dry place stand-by.Lead is welded in the center pit of working electrode with soldering.Other non-surface measurements are cut insulation with media isolated in the process of experiment.
With reference to Fig. 3, the lead 35 of contrast electrode, from contrast electrode lead tapping device 14, draw, filled high-temperature glue sealing 36 in this contrast electrode lead tapping device 14, by Tetrafluoro spacer 33 sealings, electrode cable ejector 14 compresses by contrast electrode hold-down bolt 19 then between this contrast electrode lead tapping device 14 and the kettle lid 13; In order to improve the pressure rating of sealing, contrast electrode lead tapping device 14 is provided with graphite soft packing 34, and graphite soft packing 34 compresses sealing by sealing shroud gland 29.
With reference to Fig. 4, the lead 35 ' of working electrode, draw from working electrode lead tapping device 5, filled high-temperature fluid sealant 36 in the working electrode lead tapping device 5, by Tetrafluoro spacer 33 sealing, working electrode lead tapping device 5 compresses by the working electrode bolt 4 of pressing on to the border then between working electrode lead tapping device 5 and the test kettle 10; Working electrode lead tapping device 5 is provided with graphite soft packing 34, and graphite soft packing 34 compresses sealing by sealing shroud gland 29.Improve the pressure rating of the sealing of device.
With reference to Fig. 5, graphite auxiliary electrode 21 is connected with graphite electrode web member 37 by screw thread, compresses Tetrafluoro spacer by contrast electrode hold-down bolt 19 between this graphite electrode web member 37 and the test kettle 10.Realize what seal box insulated.
With reference to Fig. 6, the high temperature contrast electrode adopts pyroceram 30 as shell, and it is the platinum filament of 1mm that measuring junction 31 adopts diameter, is encapsulating the platinum filament that diameter is 0.1mm in the pyroceram shell, fills with high-temp glue in the shell.The end socket 32 of contrast electrode adopts pottery to make.
With reference to Fig. 7, vapour phase generating means 7 is installed in the upstream of working electrode 6, selects the gas-phase generating apparatus of different-diameter for use according to the difference of void fraction.Its principle of work is, medium in the test kettle 10 is in state of saturation all the time, when fluid flows through the vapour phase generating means, can produce negative pressuren zone, make pressure be lower than saturated vapor pressure, the medium start vaporizer produces bubble, can effectively produce artificial vaporization flow field by selecting suitable mounting distance.
Vapour phase generating means 7 is a cylindrical boss.High temperature contrast electrode 18 is provided with contrast electrode protective casing 8; Kettle lid 13 is fixing by fastening bolt 12; Be provided with outer magnetic drum cooling system shell 17 outside the outer magnetic drum 15; Oil bath heating jacket 3 sidepieces are communicated with the smoke evacuation of oil bath heating system and take over 23, and oil bath heating jacket 3 bottoms are provided with the oil extraction of oil bath heating system and take over 27; Kettle 10 bottoms are provided with kettle drain connection 28.
The lead that working electrode, contrast electrode, graphite auxiliary electrode are drawn all links to each other with the CHI660C electrochemical workstation, and the CHI660C electrochemical workstation links to each other with data acquisition computer, realizes the collection of corrosion experiment data.
Described graphite auxiliary electrode employing heatproof, electric conductivity graphite are preferably made.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described contrast electrode adopts pyroceram encapsulation platinum filament to make.
Described gas-phase generating apparatus adopts the 316L stainless steel to make the different right cylinder of diameter, according to the size of void fraction, selects the right cylinder of respective diameters.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described contrast electrode, the working electrode lead of drawing utilizes high-temperature seal adhesive, sealing shroud, sealing shroud gland, graphite soft packing, Tetrafluoro spacer to make.
The distance at described working electrode test surfaces and contrast electrode platinum filament tip is 1mm.
Described magnetic force rotating device cools off by circulating cooling liquid.
Described graphite auxiliary electrode by being threaded on the graphite auxiliary electrode pitman, between graphite rod and test kettle 10 lids separates graphite rod with Tetrafluoro spacer, graphite auxiliary electrode pitman and kettle cover contacted place and insulate with Teflon tap.
Claims (10)
1. the device of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test, it is characterized in that comprising test kettle (10), oil bath heating jacket (3), kettle lid (13), magnetic force rotating device, high temperature contrast electrode (18), graphite auxiliary electrode (21), working electrode (6), variable-frequency motor (20), potentiostat (9), corrosion measurement computing machine (11), device control case (22), neck bush (2), gas phase generator (7), electric heater (1) and thermocouple sensor (24), described test kettle (10) adopts the bolt flange structure to connect with kettle lid (13); Test kettle (10) welds by argon arc welding with oil bath heating jacket (3); Magnetic force rotating device comprises outer magnetic drum (15) and interior magnetic drum (16), electric heater (1) in the oil bath heating jacket, thermocouple temperature sensor (24) links to each other with device control case (22) and constitutes the closed-loop path of control temperature, variable-frequency motor (20) is by driving outer magnetic drum (15) rotation, make under interior magnetic drum (16) magnetic field that magnetic drum (15) forms outside and carry out transmission of power, interior magnetic drum (16) connects with turbine (26) by transmission shaft (25), variable-frequency motor (20), the speed probe that is contained on the variable-frequency motor (20) links to each other with device control case (22), constitutes the rotating speed control loop; Described working electrode (6) is installed on the neck bush (2) by screw thread with gas phase generator (7); The lead that described contrast electrode (18), graphite auxiliary electrode (21), working electrode (6) are drawn utilizes high-temp glue to be sealed in the stainless-steel tube, and the soft seal pad compresses by the hold-down bolt that the center has through hole; Have five holes on the described kettle lid 13, be respectively graphite auxiliary electrode lead fairlead, contrast electrode lead fairlead, fluid injection injecting hole, temperature inductor patchhole, tensimeter and safety interlock insert the hole.
2. the dress of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test according to claim 1 is characterized in that described test kettle (10) and the perforate respectively of oil bath heating jacket (3) side, and these two holes are on same the axis.
3. the dress of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test according to claim 1, in it is characterized in that described contrast electrode (18) is packed the contrast electrode lead fairlead that kettle lid (13) holds successfully into from kettle lid (13) outside, compress sealing by contrast electrode pilot seal device, tetrafluoro cushion film and hold-down bolt.
4. the dress of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described graphite auxiliary electrode (21) with graphite rod by being threaded on auxiliary (21) the electrode pitman of graphite, separate with Tetrafluoro spacer between graphite rod and the kettle lid (13), graphite auxiliary electrode pitman and kettle cover 13 contacted places and insulate by Teflon tap.
5. the dress of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test according to claim 1 is characterized in that the distance at described working electrode (6) test surfaces and contrast electrode (18) platinum filament tip is 0.5-1.5mm.
6. the dress of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test according to claim 1 is characterized in that described magnetic force rotating device cools off by circulating cooling system (17).
7. the dress of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the lead that described working electrode (6), contrast electrode (18), graphite auxiliary electrode (21) are drawn all links to each other with potentiostat (9), potentiostat (9) links to each other with corrosion data collecting computer 11.
8. the dress of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test according to claim 1, the lead (35) that it is characterized in that described contrast electrode, from contrast electrode lead tapping device (14), draw, the interior filled high-temperature glue sealing of this contrast electrode lead tapping device (14) (36), by Tetrafluoro spacer (33) sealing, electrode cable ejector (14) compresses by contrast electrode hold-down bolt 19 between this contrast electrode lead tapping device (14) and the kettle lid (13); Contrast electrode lead tapping device (14) is provided with graphite soft packing (34), and graphite soft packing (34) compresses sealing by sealing shroud gland (29).
9. the dress of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test according to claim 1, the lead (35 ') that it is characterized in that described working electrode, draw from working electrode lead tapping device (5), the interior filled high-temperature fluid sealant of working electrode lead tapping device (5) (36), by Tetrafluoro spacer (33) sealing, working electrode lead tapping device (5) compresses by the working electrode bolt (4) of pressing on to the border then between working electrode lead tapping device (5) and test kettle (10); (5 are provided with graphite soft packing (34) to the working electrode lead tapping device, and graphite soft packing (34) compresses sealing by sealing shroud gland (29).
10. the dress of vapour-liquid two-phase flow accelerated corrosion test according to claim 1 is characterized in that described vapour phase generating means (7) is a cylindrical boss; Described high temperature contrast electrode (18) is provided with contrast electrode protective casing (8); Described kettle lid (13) is fixing by fastening bolt (12); The outer outer magnetic drum cooling system shell (17) that is provided with of described outer magnetic drum (15); Described oil bath heating jacket (3) sidepiece is communicated with the smoke evacuation of oil bath heating system and takes over (23), and oil bath heating jacket (3) bottom is provided with the oil extraction of oil bath heating system and takes over (27); Described kettle (10) bottom is provided with kettle drain connection (28).
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CN102735604A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2012-10-17 | 上海大学 | Electrolytic cell for corrosion electrochemical measurement |
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