CN101898125B - Bamboo charcoal for removing odor compounds or heavy metal ions from water and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Bamboo charcoal for removing odor compounds or heavy metal ions from water and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN101898125B
CN101898125B CN2010102445637A CN201010244563A CN101898125B CN 101898125 B CN101898125 B CN 101898125B CN 2010102445637 A CN2010102445637 A CN 2010102445637A CN 201010244563 A CN201010244563 A CN 201010244563A CN 101898125 B CN101898125 B CN 101898125B
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bamboo
water
heavy metal
bamboo charcoal
metal ion
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CN101898125A (en
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黄正宏
汪明
刘广嘉
康飞宇
张锡辉
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Tsinghua University
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Tsinghua University
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Abstract

The invention provides bamboo charcoal for removing odor compounds or heavy metal ions from water and a preparation method thereof. A bamboo raw material is directly carbonized by utilizing components of the bamboo material per se, and the bamboo raw material is not required to be activated into activated charcoal. The obtained bamboo charcoal, particularly dendrocalamus brandisii bamboo charcoal can remarkably improve the adsorption capability on mercaptan and thioether odor compounds and heavy metal ions compared with activated charcoal. Meanwhile, the preparation method has a simple process, and remarkably reduces the conventional activated charcoal preparation cost.

Description

Be used for removing water and smell bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to water-treatment technology field, be specifically related to a kind ofly be used for removing water and smell bamboo charcoal of flavor material or metal ion and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
It is low to contain the water olfact of smelling flavor material such as sulfur-containing compounds such as mercaptan, thioether, also can produce stench even trace exists, and people's respiratory system and nervous system etc. are damaged; And contain in the water of heavy metal ion owing to stop and be accumulated in the environment for a long time, through food chain enrichment step by step, finally getting into human body, human beings'health in serious threat.Remove sulfur-containing compounds such as mercaptan in the water body, thioether smell the flavor material or heavy-metal pollution has become people's problem demanding prompt solution.
Being used for removing water at present smells the active carbon of flavor material or heavy metal ion and has abundant pore structure, high specific area and enough chemical stabilities; Most of organic matter in can adsorbed water body; The enhancements that can be used for water factory's common process perhaps is used for the urgent technique that adsorbable organic pollution is tackled in urban water supply.But this active carbon is lower to the adsorption efficiency of smelling flavor material or micro heavy in the hydrophilic water.Through improving; Now removal abilities that adopt potassium permanganate oxidation processing and charcoal absorption GC-MS mercaptan, thioether class to be smelt the flavor material with enhancing more, but the problem that exists remains smelling the low and complicated process of preparation cost height of the material clearance of distinguishing the flavor of in the hydrophilic water.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists; The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly be used for removing water and smell bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion and preparation method thereof; Utilize the bamboo material composition that self had, need not activation processing and become active carbon, directly with the charing of bamboo raw material; The especially sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal relative activity charcoal of gained bamboo charcoal can significantly improve the adsorption capacity of mercaptan, thioether class being smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion; Simultaneously, this preparation technology is simple, has significantly reduced Preparation of Activated Carbon cost in the past.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention adopted is:
A kind ofly be used for removing the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion; Table was two-layer in this bamboo charcoal was divided into; Promptly surperficial functional group and adsorption potential layer and inner carbon-coating, wherein the mass ratio of inner carbon-coating is 75-95wt%, it consists of carbon; The functional group on surface and the mass ratio of adsorption potential layer are 5-25wt%; This functional group and adsorption potential layer comprise that mass ratio is the carboxyl oxygen of 1-8wt%, the hydroxyl oxygen of 0.7-1.7wt%, the Mg of 0.78-5wt%, the Ca of 0.78-5wt%, the Fe of 0.02-2.65wt% and the Mn of 0.02-2.65wt%, and this carboxyl oxygen and hydroxyl oxygen constitute surface functional group, and Mg, Ca, Fe and Mn have formed adsorption potential.
Above-mentioned be used for removing the preparation method that water is smelt the bamboo charcoal of flavor material and heavy metal ion: the bamboo material is split into the strip bamboo that can put into corresponding atmosphere furnace size expects; Put into corresponding atmosphere furnace then; It in oxygen content smoldering or to feed nitrogen content be 99.5% industrial nitrogen under the oxygen deprivation condition of 0.05-0.5%; And heat up with the programming rate of 5-20 ℃/min, to come that until 500-1000 ℃ this strip bamboo material is carried out charing and handle, the charing processing time is 1-4h; After the charing processing time finishes; Make atmosphere furnace naturally cool to room temperature and stop ventilation, the gained bamboo charcoal adopt to stir mill and carries out dry pulverization process to the 100-200 order, so just obtains being used for removing the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt distinguish the flavor of material or heavy metal ion.
Described bamboo material is sweet imperial bamboo.
Described industrial nitrogen use nitrogen content is 99.999% high purity nitrogen replacement.
Of the present inventionly be used for removing water and smell bamboo charcoal of flavor material and heavy metal ion and preparation method thereof, utilize bamboo to expect the composition that self had, need not activation processing and become active carbon; Directly with the charing of bamboo raw material; The gained bamboo charcoal is through its surface functional group and the especially sweet imperial bamboo charcoal of adsorption potential, and the relative activity charcoal can significantly improve to the adsorption capacity of smelling flavor material or heavy metal ion in the water, simultaneously; This preparation technology is simple, has significantly reduced Preparation of Activated Carbon cost in the past.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done more detailed explanation.
Embodiment 1:
Being used for of present embodiment removed the preparation method that water is smelt the bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion: sweet imperial bamboo bamboo material is split into the strip bamboo material that can put into corresponding atmosphere furnace size; Put into corresponding atmosphere furnace then, the feeding nitrogen content is 99.5% industrial nitrogen, and heats up with the programming rate of 5 ℃/min; Coming that until 700 ℃ this strip bamboo material is carried out charing handles; The charing processing time is 2h, after the charing processing time finishes, makes atmosphere furnace naturally cool to room temperature and stops ventilation; The gained bamboo charcoal adopts to stir to grind and carries out dry pulverization process to 150 order, so just obtains being used for removing the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion.
Remove the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion through present embodiment being used for of obtaining; Table was two-layer in this bamboo charcoal was divided into; Promptly surperficial functional group and adsorption potential layer and inner carbon-coating, wherein the mass ratio of inner carbon-coating is 80wt%, it consists of carbon; And the functional group on surface and the mass ratio of adsorption potential layer are 20wt%; This functional group and adsorption potential layer comprise that mass ratio is the carboxyl oxygen of 7wt%, the hydroxyl oxygen of 0.7wt%, the Mg of 4wt%, the Ca of 4wt%, the Fe of 1.65wt% and the Mn of 2.65wt%, and this carboxyl oxygen and hydroxyl oxygen constitute surface functional group, and Mg, Ca, Fe and Mn have formed adsorption potential.
With 150 orders of gained in present embodiment size be used for remove water smell ratio that the active carbon of sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal and the 150 orders size of flavor material or heavy metal ion is 200mg/L according to rate of charge respectively throw in into equivalent and contain that to smell flavor material composition and its concentration equally be that the water of 0.743 μ g/L is removed processing, the result who obtains is as shown in table 1:
Selected materials Smell flavor material residual concentration (μ g/L) Adsorption rate (%)
The sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal of present embodiment 0.136 81.7
Active carbon 0.379 49.0
Table 1
With 150 orders of gained in present embodiment size be used for remove water smell ratio that the active carbon of sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal and the 150 orders size of flavor material or heavy metal ion is 200mg/L according to rate of charge respectively throw in into equivalent and contain same heavy metal ion Cu 2+Component and its concentration are that the water of 20mg/L is removed processing, and the result who obtains is as shown in table 2:
Selected materials Heavy metal ion Cu 2+Residual concentration (mg/L) Adsorption rate (%)
The sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal of present embodiment 6.8 66
Active carbon 11 45
Table 2
Can know by table 1 and table 2, adopt gained in the present embodiment be used for remove water and smell the sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion and compare with active carbon, it is removed the ability of smelling the material of distinguishing the flavor of in water and has improved 0.243 μ g/L, adsorption rate has reached more than 80%; Its ability of removing heavy metal ion in the water has improved 4.2mg/L, and adsorption rate has reached 66%, utilizes the bamboo material composition that self had like this; Need not activation processing and become active carbon, directly bamboo is expected charing, the gained bamboo charcoal is through its surface functional group and adsorption potential; The relative activity charcoal can significantly improve smelling the adsorption capacity of flavor material or heavy metal ion in the water in the water; Simultaneously, this preparation technology is simple, has significantly reduced Preparation of Activated Carbon cost in the past.
Embodiment 2:
Being used for of present embodiment removed the preparation method that water is smelt the bamboo charcoal of flavor material and heavy metal ion: sweet imperial bamboo bamboo material is split into the strip bamboo that can put into corresponding atmosphere furnace size expects; Put into corresponding atmosphere furnace then, the feeding nitrogen content is 99.999% high purity nitrogen, and heats up with the programming rate of 20 ℃/min; Coming that until 700 ℃ this strip bamboo material is carried out charing handles; The charing processing time is 2h, after the charing processing time finishes, makes atmosphere furnace naturally cool to room temperature and stops ventilation; The gained bamboo charcoal adopts to stir to grind and carries out dry pulverization process to 150 order, so just obtains being used for removing the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion.
Remove the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion through present embodiment being used for of obtaining; Table was two-layer in this bamboo charcoal was divided into; Promptly surperficial functional group and adsorption potential layer and inner carbon-coating, wherein the mass ratio of inner carbon-coating is 75wt%, it consists of carbon; And the functional group on surface and the mass ratio of adsorption potential layer are 25wt%; This functional group and adsorption potential layer comprise that mass ratio is the carboxyl oxygen of 8wt%, the hydroxyl oxygen of 1.7wt%, the Mg of 5wt%, the Ca of 5wt%, the Fe of 2.65wt% and the Mn of 2.65wt%, and this carboxyl oxygen and hydroxyl oxygen constitute surface functional group, and Mg, Ca, Fe and Mn have formed adsorption potential.
With 150 orders of gained in present embodiment size be used for remove water smell ratio that the active carbon of sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal and the 150 orders size of flavor material and heavy metal ion is 200mg/L according to rate of charge respectively throw in into equivalent and contain that to smell distinguish the flavor of material and its concentration equally be that the water of 0.743 μ g/L is removed processing, the result who obtains is as shown in table 3:
Selected materials Smell flavor material residual concentration (μ g/L) Adsorption rate (%)
The sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal of present embodiment ?0.0914 87.7
Active carbon ?0.379 49.0
Table 3
With 150 orders of gained in present embodiment size be used for remove water smell ratio that the active carbon of sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal and the 150 orders size of flavor material or heavy metal ion is 200mg/L according to rate of charge respectively throw in into equivalent and contain same heavy metal ion Cu 2+Component and its concentration are that the water of 20mg/L is removed processing, and the result who obtains is as shown in table 2:
Selected materials Heavy metal ion Cu 2+Residual concentration (mg/L) Adsorption rate (%)
The sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal of present embodiment 2.8 86
Active carbon 11 45
Table 4
Can know by table 3 and table 4, adopt gained in the present embodiment be used for remove water and smell the sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion and compare with active carbon, it is removed the ability of smelling the material of distinguishing the flavor of in water and has improved 0.2876 μ g/L, adsorption rate has reached more than 87%; Its ability of removing heavy metal ion in the water has improved 8.2mg/L, and adsorption rate has reached 86%, utilizes the bamboo material composition that self had like this; Need not activation processing and become active carbon, directly bamboo is expected charing, the gained bamboo charcoal is through its surface functional group and adsorption potential; The relative activity charcoal can significantly improve smelling the adsorption capacity of flavor material or heavy metal ion in the water in the water; Simultaneously, this preparation technology is simple, has significantly reduced Preparation of Activated Carbon cost in the past.
In addition, present embodiment and embodiment 1 compare, and the advantage of present embodiment is it and removes the ability of smelling the flavor material in the water and improved 0.0446 μ g/L that adsorption rate has improved 6%; Its ability of removing heavy metal ion in the water has improved 4mg/L, and adsorption rate has reached 86%,, explained that to adopt high purity nitrogen stronger than the ability of smelling flavor material or heavy metal ion in the removal water that adopts industrial nitrogen.
Embodiment 3:
Being used for of present embodiment removed the preparation method that water is smelt the bamboo charcoal of flavor material and heavy metal ion:
Mao bamboon bamboo material is split into the strip bamboo material that to put into corresponding atmosphere furnace size; Put into corresponding atmosphere furnace then, the feeding nitrogen content is 99.5% industrial nitrogen, and heats up with the programming rate of 10 ℃/min; Coming that until 900 ℃ this strip bamboo material is carried out charing handles; The charing processing time is 4h, after the charing processing time finishes, makes atmosphere furnace naturally cool to room temperature and stops ventilation; The gained bamboo charcoal adopts to stir to grind and carries out dry pulverization process to 150 order, so just obtains being used for removing the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion.
Remove the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion through present embodiment being used for of obtaining; Table was two-layer in this bamboo charcoal was divided into; Promptly surperficial functional group and adsorption potential layer and inner carbon-coating, wherein the mass ratio of inner carbon-coating is 85wt%, it consists of carbon; And the functional group on surface and the mass ratio of adsorption potential layer are 15wt%; This functional group and adsorption potential layer comprise that mass ratio is the carboxyl oxygen of 6wt%, the hydroxyl oxygen of 0.7wt%, the Mg of 3wt%, the Ca of 3wt%, the Fe of 1.65wt% and the Mn of 0.65wt%, and this carboxyl oxygen and hydroxyl oxygen constitute surface functional group, and Mg, Ca, Fe and Mn have formed adsorption potential.
With 150 orders of gained in present embodiment size be used for remove ratio that sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal that water smells gained among active carbon and the embodiment 1 of the mao bamboon bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion, 150 orders size is 200mg/L according to rate of charge respectively throw in into equivalent and contain that to smell flavor material composition and its concentration equally be that the water of 0.986 μ g/L is removed processing, the result who obtains is as shown in table 5:
Selected materials Smell flavor material residual concentration (μ g/L) Adsorption rate (%)
The mao bamboon bamboo charcoal of present embodiment ?0.223 77.4
The sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal of embodiment 1 ?0.155 84.3
Active carbon ?0.457 53.7
Table 5
With 150 orders of gained in present embodiment size be used for remove ratio that sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal that water smells gained among active carbon and the embodiment 1 of the mao bamboon bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion, 150 orders size is 200mg/L according to rate of charge respectively throw in into equivalent and contain same heavy metal ion Cu 2+Component and its concentration are that the water of 30mg/L is removed processing, and the result who obtains is as shown in table 6:
Selected materials Heavy metal ion Cu 2+Residual concentration (mg/L) Adsorption rate (%)
The mao bamboon bamboo charcoal of present embodiment 5.6 81
The sweet imperial bamboo bamboo charcoal of embodiment 1 3.7 88
Active carbon 16 47
Table 6
Can know by table 5 and table 6, adopt gained in the present embodiment be used for remove water and smell the mao bamboon bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion and compare with active carbon, it is removed the ability of smelling the material of distinguishing the flavor of in water and has improved 0.234 μ g/L, adsorption rate has reached more than 75%; Its ability of removing heavy metal ion in the water has improved 10.4mg/L, and adsorption rate has reached 81%, utilizes the bamboo material composition that self had like this; Need not activation processing and become active carbon, directly bamboo is expected charing, the gained bamboo charcoal is through its surface functional group and adsorption potential; The relative activity charcoal can significantly improve smelling the adsorption capacity of flavor material or heavy metal ion in the water in the water; Simultaneously, this preparation technology is simple, has significantly reduced Preparation of Activated Carbon cost in the past.From form, can draw in addition, it is stronger to removing the ability of smelling flavor material and heavy metal ion in the water than adopting the mao bamboon bamboo to expect to prepare it to adopt sweet imperial bamboo bamboo material.

Claims (4)

1. one kind is used for removing the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion; It is characterized in that: table was two-layer in this bamboo charcoal was divided into; Promptly surperficial functional group and adsorption potential layer and inner carbon-coating; Wherein the mass ratio of inner carbon-coating is 75-95wt%; It consists of carbon, and the functional group on surface and the mass ratio of adsorption potential layer are 5-25wt%, and the functional group and the adsorption potential layer on surface comprise that mass ratio is the carboxyl oxygen of 1-8wt%, the hydroxyl oxygen of 0.7-1.7wt%, the Mg of 0.78-5wt%, the Ca of 0.78-5wt%, the Fe of 0.02-2.65wt% and the Mn of 0.02-2.65wt%; This carboxyl oxygen and hydroxyl oxygen constitute surface functional group, and Mg, Ca, Fe and Mn have formed adsorption potential.
2. one kind is adopted that claim 1 is described to be used for removing the preparation method that water is smelt the bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion; It is characterized in that: the bamboo material is split into the strip bamboo material that to put into corresponding atmosphere furnace size; Put into corresponding atmosphere furnace then, be smoldering or to feed nitrogen content be 99.5% industrial nitrogen under the oxygen deprivation condition of 0.05-0.5% in oxygen content, and heat up with the programming rate of 5-20 ℃/min; Coming that until 500-1000 ℃ this strip bamboo material is carried out charing handles; The charing processing time is 1-4h, after the charing processing time finishes, makes atmosphere furnace naturally cool to room temperature and stops ventilation; The gained bamboo charcoal adopts to stir to grind and carries out dry pulverization process to the 100-200 order, so just obtains being used for removing the bamboo charcoal that water is smelt flavor material or heavy metal ion.
3. one kind is adopted that claim 2 is described to be used for removing the preparation method that water is smelt the bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion, and it is characterized in that: described bamboo material is sweet imperial bamboo.
4. one kind is adopted claim 2 or claim 3 described being used for to remove the preparation method that water is smelt the bamboo charcoal of flavor material or heavy metal ion, it is characterized in that: it is that 99.999% high purity nitrogen replaces that described industrial nitrogen uses nitrogen content.
CN2010102445637A 2010-08-02 2010-08-02 Bamboo charcoal for removing odor compounds or heavy metal ions from water and preparation method thereof Active CN101898125B (en)

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CN102773074A (en) * 2012-06-06 2012-11-14 四川大学 Preparation and application of efficient deodorant carbon-based adsorbent
CN103551116A (en) * 2013-09-25 2014-02-05 蚌埠首创滤清器有限公司 Not-easy disintegrated and modified active carbon and preparation method thereof
CN103613160A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-03-05 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 Method for removing ciprofloxacin in water body through bamboo charcoal adsorption
CN104477907A (en) * 2014-12-23 2015-04-01 安徽助成信息科技有限公司 High-temperature carbonization preparation method of activated bamboo carbon with high absorption rate
CN104607145A (en) * 2014-12-23 2015-05-13 同济大学 Method for preparing bamboo charcoal with controllable aperture
CN106552612A (en) * 2015-09-29 2017-04-05 云南民族大学 A kind of microwave improves the method that activity of bamboo charcoal increases absorption property
CN107243323B (en) * 2017-06-27 2020-05-08 王建军 Magnetic bamboo fiber based activated carbon material and preparation method and application thereof
CN108311104A (en) * 2018-02-08 2018-07-24 北京中科乾和环保科技服务有限公司 A kind of charcoal preparation method of synchronous pyrolysis load iron

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