CN101896323A - 转化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种制备热成型的制品的方法,该制品沿着片材挤出流路方向(纵向)和横向的最终热成型制品的收缩是相对各向同性的。该制品由全同立构聚丙烯制成,该全同立构聚丙烯采用全同立构茂金属催化剂,通过丙烯聚合而形成。所述聚合物的熔体流动速率为1-5克/10分钟,熔化温度不超过160℃。将所述聚丙烯挤出以提供这样的片材:该片材沿至少一个方向上取向并具有10-100密耳的厚度。加热该片材至135-160℃的温度,并与具有所需构型的模板接触而热成型,以形成热成型制品。然后,将该热成型制品冷却并从模板上取出,以得到最终的产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及由全同立构聚丙烯形成的热成型制品的制备,更具体地说,涉及显示良好的尺寸稳定性的该热成型制品的制备。
背景技术
全同立构聚丙烯可在催化剂如齐格勒纳塔催化剂或全同立构(isospecific)茂金属催化剂的存在下通过聚合丙烯来制备。全同立构聚丙烯可用于制造模制品,其中,所述聚丙烯被加热,然后通过一个或多个模具或喷嘴挤出进入模腔,在模腔中沿纵向(称为流动方向)和横向(有时称为与流动方向交叉的方向)移动。全同立构聚丙烯的结构特征在于,甲基连接于位于聚合物主链的同一侧上的连续丙烯单体单元的叔碳原子上。即,甲基的特征在于,全部位于聚合物链上方或下方。全同立构聚丙烯可通过以下化学式示出:
有规立构聚合物,如全同立构聚丙烯和间规立构聚丙烯,可以Fisher投影式来描述其特征。使用Fisher投影式,通式(1)所示的全同立构聚丙烯的立体化学顺序描述如下:
描述所述结构的另一种方式是使用NMR。Bovey的用于全同立构五单元组的NMR术语是...mmmmm...,各个“m”表示“内消旋”对,或者位于聚合物链平面的同侧上的连续甲基。如现有技术中已知,链结构中的任何偏差或反转都会降低聚合物的全同立构规整度和结晶度。在无规乙烯丙烯共聚物的情况下,共聚物中较少量的乙烯无规地分布在聚合物链中,使得乙烯单元无规地插在重复的丙烯单元之间。
聚丙烯可通过各种操作成形为模制品,其中,所述聚合物被加热并符合所需的形状,然后冷却以得到最终的产品。两种熟知的操作包括注射模塑和热成型。
在注射模塑操作中,将熔融的聚合物引入模腔中。所述熔融的聚合物保留在模腔中达足以形成所需组分的时间。冷却和随后从模腔中取出模制组分所需的时间段是注模操作的生产效率的重要因素。
在热成型操作中,对熔融的聚合物进行片材挤出操作,接着在模板上热成型片材,以得到热成型的制品的所需的形状,然后冷却制品,并从模板上取出。一般的热成型操作可采用挤出片材、并形成片材辊来实施,所述片材辊接着用于辊式喂入连续热成型单元。热成型也可使用集成的串联系统来实施,其中,热挤出系统和热成型系统整合成在一个自动单元中。在热成型操作后,冷却热成型的制品,并视需要修饰以得到最终的产品,然后从自动系统取出产品。
在通过注模制造成型的塑料组分的过程中,在模具内的收缩以及随后从模具中取出硬组分会导致初始的模制品与最终的模制品之间的体积差。如果在模具的横向(流动的交叉方向)和纵向(流动方向)上的尺寸改变相对均一,收缩特征被认为是各向同性的。在横向和纵向上具有显著的尺寸变化差异时,尺寸变化被表征为各向异性的或差异的(differential)。在注模元件整体上的收缩变化导致了翘曲(DRosata,Iniection Molding handbook,Chapman & Hall(查普曼&豪尔),纽约,1995)。较多的各向异性收缩通常导致注模应用中的翘曲问题。不管收缩特征是各向同性还是各向异性无关,都应当考虑相对收缩以得到正确尺寸的模制品的终端使用制品。类似的考虑可应用于片材挤出和热成型操作的情况。在这种情况下,自片材挤出系统至热成型系统的连续线性挤出的方向可被认为是纵向流动方向,与片材挤出系统的流动方向交叉的横向被认为是横向。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种制备热成型制品的方法,该制品被认为沿片材挤出流路(纵向)和横向的最终热成型制品的收缩是相对各向同性的。在实施本发明时,提供了一种通过在全同立构茂金属催化剂存在下聚合丙烯而产生的全同立构聚丙烯。所述聚丙烯可以是均聚物或共聚物,具体是含有少量乙烯(通常至多2.5重量%)的乙烯丙烯共聚物。所述聚合物的熔体流动速率为1-5克/10分钟,熔化温度不超过160℃。将所述聚丙烯挤出以提供片材,该片材沿至少一个方向(纵向)取向,并具有10-100密耳(更具体的是15-80密耳)的厚度。加热该片材至135-160℃(更具体的是140-150℃)的温度,并与具有所需构型的模板接触而热成型,以产生热成型的制品。然后,将该热成型的制品冷却并从模板上取出,以得到最终的产品。
在本发明的一个实施方式中,最终的热成型制品在热成型后在48小时时具有至少85%的均匀收缩,通过从模板上取出热成型制品后48小时时的热成型制品的横向和纵向收缩的差异来确定。在本发明的另一方面,热成型的制品的特征在于,在从模板中取出之后48小时时具有收缩,该收缩比一个对应制品的收缩更为各向同性,所述对应制品是这样形成的:通过齐格勒纳塔催化剂催化的聚合物聚合而得到全同立构聚丙烯,并在与茂金属催化的聚合物相同的条件下挤出该全同立构聚丙烯并热成型。
在本发明的另一方面,所述全同立构聚丙烯的熔体流动速率为1.5-5克/10分钟,更具体的是2-4克/10分钟。在本发明的另一个实施方式中,所述全同立构聚丙烯的的熔化温度为150-155℃。
使用全同立构规整度至少为98%(更具体的是99%,通过二甲苯不可溶的聚合物绒毛状物的百分比来确定)的聚丙烯来实施本发明的另一个实施方式。在挤出全同立构聚丙烯之前,可向聚合物中加入选自成核剂、澄清剂及其混合物的添加剂组分。
附图说明
图1是可用于实施本发明的片材挤出系统的示意图。
图2是可用于实施本发明的辊式喂入连续热成型系统的示意图。
图3是可用于实施本发明的串联连续热成型系统的示意图。
图4是助压模塞(plug-assisted)真空成型操作的示意图。
图5是根据本发明热成型的容器/盖结构的拆离部分的侧视图。
图6是可根据本发明成型的另一个容器/盖结构的拆离部分的侧视图。
具体实施方式
本发明可用任何合适的片材挤出系统和热成型系统进行。所述系统可是挤出卷绕系统的形式,其中,聚合物颗粒转变为片材,接着施加于卷绕机上以产生片材辊。辊上的片材是未卷绕的,供给到热成型机上以将片材转化为热成型的部件。图1-2示出了这样的系统,其中聚合物颗粒转化为挤出片材,接着将挤出片材通过辊式喂入连续热成型机转化为部件。更具体地,如图1所示,所述片材成型系统包括:漏斗10,聚合物颗粒通过其供给到螺杆挤出单元12,该螺杆挤出单元12包括加热的圆筒14,其中挤出螺杆15旋转并接收来自漏斗10的颗粒状聚合物材料。所述挤出单元12包括用于驱动可旋转的螺杆的驱动单元17,以及模具部分18,通过所述模具部分18将熔融的聚合物挤出,以形成连续的片材。所述片材从模具供给到引出单元20,该引出单元20包括冷却辊组,所述冷却辊组包括许多冷却辊21。所述冷却辊组通过冷冻剂泵送单元22供给的冷冻剂来冷却。片材通过引出辊段24从冷却辊组中取出,并自此供给到卷绕机段26上,其中形成片材辊27。图2示出了辊式喂入连续热成型机系统,包括解卷台30,片材辊32在解卷台30处进行解卷,并且片材34供给到热成型机36上,所述热成型机36包括炉段39,片材在该炉段被加热并供给到成型段40,在该成型段进行等温热成型(isothermoforming)操作。成型段40包括一个或多个模板和相容部件(conforming members)42,它们共同作用形成得自片材34的成型目标物的网44。所得的热成型制品的网供给到修饰压机48。
图3示出了可用于进行本发明的另一个系统。在图3中,示出了一体的串联连续热成型单元,其中,聚合物颗粒直接转化为最终的部件,而不使用中间的片-辊系统。如图3所示,运行螺杆挤出系统50(对应于图1的单元12)产生片材,该片材从模具52取出,并施用于冷却辊组54。该片材从冷却辊台54供给至储罐56,该储罐56用于使辊台54与热成型单元58分界。所述成型单元包括前述炉段60和成型段62(热成型的部件在其中形成)。所述热成型的部件在网系统64中取出,然后供给至前述修饰压机。
如图2或3所示,所述成型段可以是任何合适的类型,通常包括阴模板部件和延伸至模板部件中的相容塞(conforming plug)部件。包括助压模塞真空成型操作的一般的成型台的操作示于图4,其中连续的操作阶段标记为A、B、C和D。如图4所示,所述成型段包括模板部件70、与模板部件的内部形状一致的塞部件72、以及夹片框74。模板70具有排气口76。在操作的起初阶段中,如图4A所示,一片聚合物材料78输入成型段中,同时夹片框和塞部件从模板部件中取出。在聚合物片材78放置到位之后,移动夹片框74至与模板接触,以将片材保持在适当的位置,并将压缩气体通过开口76引入模板的底部。这导致了片材部件78的预拉伸伸长,如图4B所示。在操作的下一阶段中,如图4C所示,模板部件的内部排空或者置于真空下,并且塞部件72进入模板中,以向下压缩片材部件至模板部件的相容内部中。如图4D所示,接着,通过口76向模板部件的内部施加真空,以使片材与模板部件70的内部贴合,以得到所需形状的热成型的制品。在成型操作的最后,从模板部件中取出夹片框,然后从成型段取出含有热成型制品的网。要理解,图1-4所示的热成型系统仅仅是示意性的,在进行本发明时,可使用任何合适的热成型系统。为了进一步描述可用于进行本发明的热成型操作中使用的热成型技术和系统,可参阅授予Schlepp的美国专利6,926,513和授予Young的美国专利7,071,462。
如本领域技术人员所理解的,助压模塞成型方法,如上述参照图4描述的那些,可用于生产容器,如用于食品等的容器,以及用于这些容器的闭合部件。在这些容器中,容器和盖或者闭合部件之间的尺寸一致性,是非常重要的。本发明可用于使用这些容器和闭合部件,因此具有非常好的尺寸一致性。
本发明具体应用于形成用于食品容器的盖等(其中尺寸一致性是非常重要的)。一个例子可以是构造为具有闭合部件的防漏热成型的盖,所述闭合部件适于套在容器入口和从闭合部件延伸的盖部分上。所述盖部分适于放置成与容器的壁部分接触,如在“搭锁”操作中。
以下参看图5,示出了一种容器,如可在图4的热成型操作中形成的容器,以及同样通过热成型形成的关联的容器盖。所述容器80包含在横向边缘82处终止的壁81,该横向边缘82包围容器中的开口83,所述开口83提供进入其容器内部的入口。闭合盖84(以分解图示出,恰在容器上方)包含位于入口上方的闭合部件86。所述盖还包含从闭合部件86延伸的盖部分88,其向外延伸并在向下延伸的搭锁边缘90处终止。如图5所示,盖部分88装在容器的边缘82的顶部上,并且边缘90以所谓的搭锁构型搭锁在所述边缘的外缘上。图6示出了容器和盖构型(其中尺寸一致性是重要的)的另一个例子,其是具有入口93(其上装有具有闭合部件96的盖95)的容器92的拆离部分的侧视图。在这种情况下,盖结构在向下延伸的盖部分98(装在容器的上外壁的上方)处终止。
用于实施本发明的全同立构丙烯聚合物可以是丙烯的均聚物或共聚物。在使用共聚物时,可采用乙烯丙烯无规共聚物的形式,通常含有至多2.5重量%的乙烯,更具体的是至多2重量%的乙烯。较低含量的乙烯(至多1重量%的乙烯)可加入无规共聚物中。熔化温度在某种程度上取决于乙烯的含量,可以是自135℃至高达155℃或甚至160℃,对于乙烯含量约为2重量%或稍高的共聚物,可以是约135℃,在均聚物的情况下,可以高达约155℃或甚至高达160℃。在均聚物或乙烯含量非常少的情形下,更具体的熔化温度约为150-155℃,。
用于实施本发明的全同立构丙烯聚合物可通过丙烯聚合,在共聚物的情况下与乙烯一起聚合,在任何合适的全同立构茂金属(例如由桥连的二茚基(或四氢二茚基)配体结构形成的茂金属)上聚合来形成。所述二茚基配体结构可以是取代的或未取代的。可用于生产全同立构聚丙烯的具体的茂金属是二-甲基甲硅烷基二(2-甲基,4-苯基),二氯化锆以及包含烷基铝噁烷(alumoxane)如甲基铝噁烷和清除剂如三乙基铝(TEAL)的助催化剂。所述全同立构聚丙烯的特征还在于其全同立构规整度至少为98%,更具体的是至少99%。全同立构规整度通过测定从聚合反应器回收的聚合物绒毛状物(其在室温或稍高于室温下不溶于二甲苯)的量来测定。根据聚合物的立构规整性,所述聚合物可预计具有至少99%的内消旋对(mesodiad)。
用于本发明的全同立构聚丙烯的特征还在于,其熔化温度为155℃或更低,熔体流动速率为1-5克/10分钟。所述熔体流动速率根据ASTM D1238条件L测定,其规定了温度为230℃,负载为2.16kg,以单位克/10分钟来报告结果。其可标识为熔融指数MI2。用于实施本发明的聚合物的熔体流动速率的更具体的特征是,熔体流动速率为1.5-5克/10分钟,更具体的是2-4克/10分钟。所述聚合物,如前所述,显示熔化温度不超过160℃,通常不超过155℃。这远低于由齐格勒纳塔催化剂生产的相应的全同立构聚丙烯的熔化温度(显示的熔化温度超过160℃)。更具体地,用于本发明的茂金属基全同立构聚丙烯的熔化温度为150-155℃。
根据本发明制得的热成型的制品的特征在于,在热成型后,制品在设计的时间点均匀收缩,其通过在从成型段取出热成型的制品后,在设计的时间点的横向收缩和纵向收缩的差异来确定。收缩值根据纵向和横向或者与流动方向交叉的方向,参照应用于热成型系统的原始聚合物片材的挤出方向来确定。所述纵向被认为是片材在挤出段中离开模具时,被挤出的片材的流动方向。即,纵向是片材在图2所示类型的辊式喂入系统中从片材辊解卷时,或者从储罐中离开并移动通过图3所示类型的串联连续热成型系统中的炉时,在热成型机系统中移动的方向。所述横向是片材从模具中被挤出时,并且根据其在热成型系统中的移动,与流动方向交叉的方向。当片材移动通过热成型系统时,所述横向与聚合物片材的流动方向呈90°。
在热成型之后在设计的时间点的收缩均匀性表明了抵抗热成型制品的翘曲趋势的性能。在纵向和横向上的收缩相同的情况下,制品的均匀收缩率是100%,表明没有翘曲。在纵向和横向之一上的收缩率与另一方向上的收缩率相差10%的情况下,制品被表征为具有90%的均匀收缩率,表明仅有中度的翘曲。在一个方向上的收缩率与另一方向上的收缩率的差异为20%的情况下,制品被表征为具有80%的均匀收缩率。在本发明中,在热成型后48小时时的目标均匀收缩率是至少85%,通过横向和纵向收缩的差异确定。在本发明的另一方面,在热成型后48小时处的均匀收缩率是至少90%,通过在从热成型台中取出热成型的制品后48小时处的横向和纵向收缩的差异确定。
用于本发明的茂金属催化的全同立构聚丙烯的特征还在于,其相对于用齐格勒纳塔催化剂聚合丙烯而产生的具有相同全同立构规整度和分子量的对应的全同立构聚合物,具有各向同性特征。具体地说,用于本发明的茂金属催化的聚丙烯,在热成型制品取出之后48小时具有这样的收缩,其比以下述方式制得的全同立构聚丙烯更为各向同性:用齐格勒纳塔催化剂聚合丙烯而形成,然后在与本发明用茂金属制造热成型制品的条件相同的条件下挤出和热成型。
如前所述,可用于聚合本发明中使用的丙烯均聚物或乙烯-丙烯共聚物的的茂金属催化剂包括桥连的二茚基或二四氢茚基茂金属,其已知用于显示高全同立构规整度。这些茂金属(可以是取代的或未取代的)是外消旋的,或者至少具有很高含量的外消旋异构体(与内消旋异构体相比)。该二茚基(或四氢茚基)配体可以是取代的或未取代的,尤其合适的外消旋二茚基结构是茚基被大体积取代基如苯基或叔丁基在4位取代,而且体积小的取代基如甲基或乙基在2位被取代的茚基。可用于制造全同立构聚丙烯的其它茂金属包括立体硬环戊二烯基-芴基配体结构,其在环戊二烯基和芴基中的一个或两个上以这样的方式发生取代:消除左右对称(其通常存在于环戊二烯基-芴基配体结构中)。可用于制造用于本发明方法中的乙烯丙烯共聚物的其它茂金属催化剂包括加入对位交叉构象的二芴基配体结构的茂金属。这里,芴基(包括八氢芴基)是桥连的,并且两个芴基是在通过配体结构的桥连对称线的相对侧上独立被取代的,目的是提供对位交叉构象(其中消除了左右对称)。用于形成上述类型的茂金属催化剂的过渡金属通常选自元素周期表(新注释)第4或5族。尤其合适的过渡金属是锆、铪和钛。为了进一步描述能有效地制造全同立构聚合物的桥连的茂金属催化剂,可参阅授予Ewen等的美国专利6,262,199和授予Reddy的美国专利6,313,242,它们的全部内容在本文中引用作为参考。
已经描述本发明的具体实施方式,应理解,这些实施方式的修改对于本领域技术人员是显而易见的,并且意图覆盖落在所附权利要求书的范围内的所有这些修改。
Claims (23)
1.一种制备由全同立构丙烯聚合物形成的热成型制品的方法,该方法包括:
(a)提供全同立构丙烯聚合物,该全同立构丙烯聚合物通过全同立构茂金属催化剂存在下的丙烯聚合来制备,所述聚合物的熔体流动速率(MI2)为1-5克/10分钟,熔化温度不超过160℃;
(b)将所述聚丙烯挤出以提供片材,该片材沿至少一个方向取向,并具有10-100密耳的厚度;
(c)加热该片材至135-160℃的温度,并在具有所需构型的模板上热成型该片材,以产生热成型的制品;
(d)将该热成型的制品冷却,并从模板上取出该热成型的制品。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热成型制品在热成型后48小时时具有至少85%的均匀收缩率,该均匀收缩率通过在取出该热成型的制品后48小时时的横向和纵向收缩的差异来确定。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热成型的制品在取出之后48小时时具有收缩,该收缩比一个对应制品的收缩更为各向同性,该对应制品这样形成:采用齐格勒纳塔催化剂聚合丙烯而制成全同立构聚丙烯,并在与步骤(d)中所述的热成型制品相同的条件下挤出和热成型。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述片材的厚度为15-80密耳。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构聚丙烯的熔体流动速率为1.5-5.0克/10分钟。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构聚丙烯的熔体流动速率为2-4克/10分钟。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构聚丙烯的熔化温度为150-155℃。
8.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述片材在140-150℃的温度下加热,以产生所述热成型的制品。
9.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构丙烯聚合物的全同立构规整度至少为98%。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构丙烯聚合物的全同立构规整度至少为99%。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,该方法还包括:在所述步骤(b)中挤出丙烯之前,在所述全同立构丙烯聚合物中加入添加剂组分,所述添加剂组分选自成核剂、澄清剂及其混合物。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热成型的制品在热成型后48小时时具有至少85%的均匀收缩率,该均匀收缩率通过在取出该热成型制品后48小时时的横向和纵向收缩的差异来确定。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热成型的制品在热成型后48小时时具有至少90%的均匀收缩率,该均匀收缩率通过在取出该热成型制品后48小时时的横向和纵向收缩的差异来确定。
14.如权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热成型的制品包括适于施加在其容器上并包含闭合部件的盖结构,所述闭合部件适于装在所述容器的入口上,和从闭合部件延伸的盖部分上,并适于与容器的壁接触地放置。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构丙烯聚合物的熔化温度为150-155℃。
16.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构丙烯聚合物的熔体流动速率为1.5-5.0克/10分钟。
17.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构丙烯聚合物的熔体流动速率为2-4克/10分钟。
18.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述盖结构的闭合部件在热成型后48小时时具有至少85%的均匀收缩率,该均匀收缩率通过在取出该热成型制品后48小时时所述闭合部件的横向和纵向收缩的差异来确定。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述盖结构的闭合部件在热成型后48小时时具有至少90%的均匀收缩率,该均匀收缩率通过在取出该热成型制品后48小时时所述闭合部件的横向和纵向收缩的差异来确定。
20.如权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述闭合部件在其取出之后48小时时具有这样的收缩,该收缩比一个对应的闭合部件的收缩更为各向同性,该对应的闭合部件这样形成:采用齐格勒纳塔催化剂聚合丙烯而形成对应的全同立构丙烯聚合物,接着,在与步骤(d)中所述的闭合部件相同的条件下挤出并热成型。
21.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构丙烯聚合物是丙烯均聚物。
22.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述全同立构丙烯聚合物是乙烯丙烯共聚物。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,所述乙烯丙烯共聚物是乙烯含量高达2重量%的无规共聚物。
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US12/001,921 US8623261B2 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2007-12-13 | Transforming process |
US12/001,921 | 2007-12-13 | ||
PCT/US2008/086499 WO2009076570A1 (en) | 2007-12-13 | 2008-12-12 | Transforming process |
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US (1) | US8623261B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2222447A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2011506141A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR20100099163A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101896323B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2009076570A1 (zh) |
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CN104411476A (zh) * | 2012-05-09 | 2015-03-11 | 益利嘉公司 | 成形设备和方法以及由此制造的物品 |
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WO2020163461A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 | 2020-08-13 | Berry Global, Inc. | Polypropylene sheets and articles |
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- 2008-12-12 EP EP08860065A patent/EP2222447A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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CN104411476A (zh) * | 2012-05-09 | 2015-03-11 | 益利嘉公司 | 成形设备和方法以及由此制造的物品 |
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US8623261B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 |
EP2222447A1 (en) | 2010-09-01 |
WO2009076570A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
CN101896323B (zh) | 2012-12-26 |
EP2222447A4 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
JP2011506141A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
US20090156760A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
KR20100099163A (ko) | 2010-09-10 |
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