CN101896067A - 活性化合物结合物 - Google Patents
活性化合物结合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101896067A CN101896067A CN2008801201123A CN200880120112A CN101896067A CN 101896067 A CN101896067 A CN 101896067A CN 2008801201123 A CN2008801201123 A CN 2008801201123A CN 200880120112 A CN200880120112 A CN 200880120112A CN 101896067 A CN101896067 A CN 101896067A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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Abstract
本发明涉及活性化合物结合物,尤其是杀菌和/或杀虫组合物,包括异噻菌胺(3,4-二氯-N-(2-氰苯基)-5-异噻唑甲酰胺,CAS编号:224049-04-1)和至少一种另外的苯基吡唑类杀虫剂和一种另外的新烟碱类杀虫剂。此外,本发明涉及一种治疗性或预防性地防治植物或作物的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫的方法,涉及本发明结合物用于种子处理的用途,并涉及用于保护种子的方法,而且还涉及经处理的种子。
Description
本发明涉及活性化合物结合物(combination),具体而言是杀菌和/或杀虫组合物(composition),其包含异噻菌胺(isotianil,3,4-二氯-N-(2-氰苯基)-5-异噻唑甲酰胺,CAS编号:224049-04-1)和至少一种另外的苯基吡唑(fiprole)类杀虫剂和一种另外的新烟碱类(neonicotinoids)杀虫剂。
此外,本发明涉及一种治疗性或预防性地防治植物或作物的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫的方法,涉及本发明结合物用于处理种子的用途,涉及用于保护种子的方法而且还涉及经处理的种子。
已知所述化合物(A)异噻菌胺具有杀菌和杀虫特性。此外,还发现所述异噻唑羧酸衍生物非常适于保护植物免受有害植物致病真菌和微生物的侵袭(US-A 5,240,951和JP-A 06-009313)。本发明的化合物(A)异噻菌胺既适于调动植物对有害植物致病真菌和微生物侵袭的防御,又适于作为杀微生物剂用于直接防治植物致病真菌和微生物。此外,所述化合物(A)还对损害植物的害虫具有活性(WO 99/24414)。此物质的活性良好;然而,其在低施用率下对于某些情况而言不能令人满意。
此外,已知(C)组新烟碱类可用于防治植物和作物的害虫(农药手册(Pesticide Manual),第14版(2006);“Modern Agrochemicals”,Vol.4,No.3,2005年6月;EP-A 0 428 941),并且所述(B)组化合物也适于防治植物和作物的害虫(EP-B1 0 295 117;WO 1997/022593)。然而,在低施用率下这些物质的活性同样不总是足够。此外,还已知(C)组新烟碱类化合物和(B)组化合物的二元结合物(WO 2005/122 769,EP-B1 0 871 362)。
还已知异噻菌胺与新烟碱类物质的结合物适于防治植物致病真菌(WO 2005/009131)。
此外,由于对现代杀菌剂在例如作用谱、毒性、选择性、施用率、残留物的形成、有利的制备能力等方面的环境和经济要求不断提高,并且还由于可能存在例如对已知化合物形成的抗性等问题,一直以来的任务是开发至少在某些领域相对其已知的对应物具有优势的新的杀菌剂和杀虫剂。
本发明提供至少在某些方面达到所述目标的活性化合物结合物/组合物。
令人惊讶地,现已发现,本发明的结合物不仅能使有关待防治的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫的作用范围有加和性加强,而且还在两个方面实现了能扩大化合物(A)、(B)和(C)的作用范围的协同效应。首先,化合物(A)、(B)和(C)的施用率降低而作用保持同样良好。第二,即使在三种单个化合物在这种低施用率范围下已经完全无效时,所述结合物仍能实现高度的植物病原体防治。这使得,一方面,可防治植物病原体的范围实质性扩大;另一方面,使用安全性增加。
然而,除了有关杀菌和/或杀虫活性的实际协同作用以外,本发明的结合物还具有其他令人惊讶的有利性能,其在广义上也可称作协同活性。可提及的这种有利性能的实例为:对其他植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫——例如对抗性品系——的杀菌和/或杀虫活性的范围的拓宽;活性成分施用率的减少;即使在各单个组合物完全无效的施用率下使用本发明组合物对害虫的有效防治;配制过程或施用时——例如在碾磨、筛分、乳化、溶解或调配时——的有利性状;增加的贮存稳定性;提高的光稳定性;更有利的降解性;改善的毒物学或生态毒理学性能;改善的有用植物的特性,包括:萌发、作物产量、根系更发达、分蘖增加、株高增加、叶片更大、基生叶死亡更少、分蘖更强、叶色更绿、所需肥料更少、所需种子更少、分蘖更多产、开花更早、谷物成熟较早、植物倒伏更少、秧苗生长增加、植物生长势提高和发芽较早;或本领域技术人员熟知的其他任意优点。
本发明的结合物也可为所用的活性化合物提供改善的内吸性。实际上,即使所用杀菌剂化合物中的某些不具有任何内吸性或令人满意的内吸性,本发明组合物中的这些化合物也可表现出这种性能。
类似地,本发明的结合物可使所用活性化合物的杀菌药效的持久性增加。
本发明结合物的另一个优点在于可获得增强的药效。
因此,本发明提供这样一种活性化合物结合物,其包括
(A)异噻菌胺和
(B)另一种选自乙虫腈(ethiprole,Cas编号:181587-01-9,已知于DE-A 196 53 417)和氟虫腈(fipronil,Cas编号:120068-37-3,已知于EP-A 0 0295 117)的杀虫活性化合物,和
(C)另一种选自新烟碱类物质的杀虫活性化合物,所述新烟碱类物质例如啶虫脒(acetamiprid)、噻虫胺(clothianidin)、噻虫啉(thiacloprid)、噻虫嗪(thiamethoxam)、氯噻啉(imidaclothiz)、烯啶虫胺(nitenpyram)、呋虫胺(dinotefuran)和1-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]四氢-3,5-二甲基-N-硝基-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-亚胺。
优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)乙虫腈和(C)另一种选自下列新烟碱类物质的杀虫活性化合物的结合物:啶虫脒、噻虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、氯噻啉、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺和1-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]四氢-3,5-二甲基-N-硝基-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-亚胺。
优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)氟虫腈和(C)另一种选自下列新烟碱类物质的杀虫活性化合物的结合物:啶虫脒、噻虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、氯噻啉、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺和1-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]四氢-3,5-二甲基-N-硝基-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-亚胺。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)乙虫腈和(C)啶虫脒的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)乙虫腈和(C)噻虫胺的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)乙虫腈和(C)噻虫啉的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)乙虫腈和(C)噻虫嗪的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)乙虫腈和(C)氯噻啉的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)乙虫腈和(C)烯啶虫胺的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)乙虫腈和(C)呋虫胺的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)乙虫腈和(C)1-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]四氢-3,5-二甲基N-硝基-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-亚胺的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)氟虫腈和(C)啶虫脒的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)氟虫腈和(C)噻虫胺的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)氟虫腈和(C)噻虫啉的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)氟虫腈和(C)噻虫嗪的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)氟虫腈和(C)氯噻啉的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)氟虫腈和(C)烯啶虫胺的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)氟虫腈和(C)呋虫胺的结合物。
特别优选包括(A)异噻菌胺和(B)氟虫腈和(C)1-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]四氢-3,5-二甲基-N-硝基-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-亚胺的结合物。
对于所述三元混合物,对活性成分化合物的重量比进行选择以得到想要的作用,例如协同作用。通常,重量比会根据具体活性化合物而变化。通常任何两种化合物之间的重量比相互独立地为125∶1至1∶125,优选75∶1至1∶75,更优选50∶1至1∶50,最优选25∶1至1∶25。此外,任何两种化合物之间的重量比相互独立地为6250∶1至1∶6250、5000∶1至1∶5000、4000∶1至1∶4000、3000∶1至1∶3000、2500∶1至1∶2500、2000∶1至1∶2000、1500∶1至1∶1500,优选1250∶1至1∶1250,更优选1000∶1至1∶1000,最优选750∶1至1∶750。
可根据本发明使用的任何两种化合物之间的其他重量比相互独立地为(按照所给顺序优选性递增)∶900∶1至1∶900、800∶1至1∶800、700∶1至1∶700、600∶1至1∶600、500∶1至1∶500、400∶1至1∶400、300∶1至1∶300、250∶1至1∶250、200∶1至1∶200、100∶1至1∶100、90∶1至1∶90、80∶1至1∶80、70∶1至1∶70、60∶1至1∶60、40∶1至1∶40、30∶1至1∶30、10∶1至1∶10、5∶1至1∶5、4∶1至1∶4、3∶1至1∶3。
当化合物(A)、(B)或(C)可以以互变异构形式存在时,这样的化合物在上下文中应理解为也包括,当适用时,相应的互变异构形式,即使其未被逐一具体指出。
具有至少一个碱性中心的化合物(A)、(B)或(C)能够例如与以下的酸形成酸加成盐,例如,强无机酸如矿物酸,例如高氯酸、硫酸、硝酸、亚硝酸、磷酸或氢卤酸;强有机羧酸例如未取代或取代的——例如卤素取代的——C1-C4链烷羧酸,例如乙酸、饱和或不饱和二元羧酸如草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸和邻苯二甲酸,羟基羧酸如抗坏血酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和柠檬酸、或苯甲酸;或者有机磺酸例如未取代或取代的——例如卤素取代的——C1-C4烷基磺酸或芳基磺酸,例如甲磺酸或对甲苯磺酸。具有至少一个酸性基团的化合物(A)或化合物(B)能够例如与碱形成盐,例如金属盐如碱金属盐或碱土金属盐,例如钠、钾或镁盐;或与氨或与有机胺形成盐,所述有机胺例如吗啉、哌啶、吡咯烷,单、双或三低级烷基胺如乙胺、二乙胺、三乙胺或二甲基丙基胺,或单、双或三羟基低级烷基胺如单、双或三乙醇胺。此外,还可任选地形成相应的内盐。在本发明的上下文中,优选农业化学有利的盐。鉴于游离形式与盐形式的化合物(A)、(B)和(C)之间的密切关系,在合适和有利的情况下,上文和下文中任何提到游离的化合物(A)、(B)或(C)或者提到其盐之处都应理解为还分别包括相应的盐或者游离的化合物(A)、(B)或(C)。这同样适用于化合物(A)、(B)或(C)的互变异构体及其盐。
本发明的表述“结合物”表示化合物(A)和(B)和(C)的各种结合,例如单一的“即混物”形式;由单一活性化合物的各单独制剂组成的结合喷雾混合物,例如“桶混物”;以及单一活性成分在以顺序方式施用——即在合理短的时期(例如数小时或数天)一个接一个地施用——时的结合使用。优选地,施用化合物(A)和(B)和(C)的顺序对于实现本发明并不重要。
本发明的表述“病原体”表示对植物或植物任何部位(part)造成损害的所有生物体。
本发明的表述“真菌”表示所有真菌类和藻类生物体。
本发明的表述“致病真菌”表示对植物或植物任何部位造成损害的所有真菌类和藻类生物体。真菌分类群的实例为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、担子菌门(Basidiomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)、半知菌门(Deuteromycota)、聚合菌门(Glomeromycota)、微孢子目(Microsporidia)、接合菌门(Zygomycota)和无性真菌(anamorphicfungi)。藻类的实例为卵菌门(Oomycota)。
本发明的表述“微生物”表示所有细菌和原生动物。实例为根肿菌(Plasmodiophoromycetes)。
本发明的表述“病毒”表示对植物或植物任何部位造成损害的所有病毒。实例为DNA、RNA和DNA及RNA反转录病毒,以及亚病毒因子。
本发明的表述“害虫”表示对植物或植物任何部位造成损害的所有袋形动物门(aschelminthes)和泛节肢动物门(panarthropoda)生物体。实例为线虫纲(Nematoda)、节肢动物门(Arthopoda)、六足纲(Hexapoda)和蛛形纲(Arachnida)。
本发明的表述“杀虫剂”表示化合物抵抗有害昆虫、螨类或线虫或者降低害虫对植物或植物部位的损害的活性。
本发明组合物中的活性化合物具有强效的杀微生物活性,并可用于在作物保护或在材料保护中防治有害植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫。
本发明组合物中的杀菌化合物可用于作物保护中以例如防治植物致病真菌和/或微生物,例如根肿菌门、卵菌门、壶菌门、接合菌门、子囊菌门、担子菌门和半知菌门。
在本发明的组合物内,杀细菌剂化合物可用于作物保护以防治微生物例如假单胞菌科(Pseudomonadaceae)、根瘤菌科(Rhizobiaceae)、肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)、棒状杆菌科(Corynebacteriaceae)和链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)。
本发明组合物中的杀虫化合物可用于作物保护中以例如防治害虫,例如鳞翅目(lepidoptera)。
本发明的杀菌和/或杀虫结合物和/或组合物可用于治疗性或预防性地防治植物或作物的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫。因此,本发明的另一方面提供治疗性或预防性地防治植物或作物的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫的方法,其包括通过以下方式使用本发明的杀菌剂或杀虫剂组合物:施用于种子、植物或者施用于植物果实或者施用于所述植物生长或想要所述植物在其中生长的土壤。
所有植物和植物部位都可根据本发明进行处理。植物是指所有植物和植物群体,例如想要的和不想要的野生植物、栽培种(包括天然存在的栽培种)和植物品种(不管是否受植物品种或植物育种者权利的保护)。栽培种和植物品种可为通过可由一种或多种生物技术方法辅助或补充的常规繁殖和育种方法或者通过生物工程和遗传工程方法——包括转基因植物——而获得的植物,所述生物技术方法例如使用双单倍体、原生质体融合、随机和定向诱变或者分子或遗传标记。
植物部位应理解为地上和地下的所有植物部位和器官,例如秧苗、叶、花、果树的花(blossom)和根,据此可列举例如叶、针叶、茎、枝条、果树的花、子实体、果实和种子,以及根、球茎和根茎。作物以及无性和有性繁殖材料例如插枝、球茎、根茎、匍匐茎和种子也属于植物部位。
本发明的表述“植物繁殖材料”表示可用于植物的无性或有性繁殖的所有植物材料。植物繁殖材料的实例为插枝、球茎、根茎、匍匐茎、种子、果实、谷粒、荚、子实体、块茎和幼苗。
用于在作物保护中抵抗植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫的本发明结合物/组合物包括有效但无植物毒性的量的本发明活性化合物。“有效但无植物毒性的量”定义为本发明结合物的量一方面足以令人满意地防治或完全消除植物真菌病害,另一方面不导致任何显著植物毒性症状。通常所述有效剂量可在一个较大的范围内变化。所述剂量取决于几个因素,例如要抵抗的真菌、植物、气候条件,并且取决于本发明结合物中的活性化合物。
在可通过本发明方法保护的植物中,可提及的有主要大田作物,如玉米、大豆、棉花、芸苔油籽(Brassica oilseeds)例如甘蓝型油菜(Brassicanapus)(例如加拿大油菜)、芜菁(Brassica rapa)、芥菜(B.juncea)(如芥子)和埃塞俄比亚芥(Brassica carinata)、稻、小麦,甜菜,甘蔗,燕麦、黑麦、大麦、粟、黑小麦、亚麻、藤本植物以及多个植物分类群的多种水果和蔬菜,例如蔷薇科(Rosaceae sp.)(例如仁果如苹果和梨;以及核果如杏、樱桃、扁桃和桃;浆果如草莓)、茶藨子科(Ribesioidae sp.)、胡桃科(Juglandaceae sp.)、桦木科(Betulaceae sp.)、漆树科(Anacardiaceaesp.)、壳斗科(Fagaceae sp.)、桑科(Moraceae sp.)、木犀科(Oleaceae sp.)、猕猴桃科(Actinidaceae sp.)、樟科(Lauraceae sp.)、芭蕉科(Musaceaesp.)(例如香蕉树和粉芭蕉(plantings))、茜草科(Rubiaceae sp.)(例如咖啡)、山茶科(Theaceae sp.)、梧桐科(Sterculiceae sp.)、芸香科(Rutaceaesp.)(例如柠檬、橙和葡萄柚);茄科(Solanaceae sp.)(例如番茄、马铃薯、胡椒、茄子)、百合科(Liliaceae sp.)、菊科(Compositiae sp.)(例如莴苣、朝鲜蓟和菊苣——包括根菊苣(root chicory)、苦苣(endive)或菊苣(common chicory))、伞形科(Umbelliferae sp.)(例如胡萝卜、欧芹、芹菜和块根芹菜)、葫芦科(Cucurbitaceae sp.)(例如黄瓜——包括腌渍黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜、葫芦和甜瓜)、葱科(Alliaceae sp.)(例如洋葱和韭葱)、十字花科(Cruciferae sp.)(例如白球甘蓝、红球甘蓝、茎椰菜、花椰菜、孢子甘蓝、小白菜、球茎甘蓝、萝卜、辣根、水芹、大白菜、油菜(colza))、豆科(Leguminosae sp.)(例如花生、豌豆、菜豆——如蔓菜豆(climbing beans)和蚕豆)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae sp.)(例如饲用甜菜、叶用甜菜(spinach beet)、菠菜、甜菜根)、菊科(Asteraceae sp.)(例如向日葵)、十字花科(Brassicaceae sp.)(例如白球甘蓝、红球甘蓝、茎椰菜、花椰菜、抱子甘蓝、小白菜、球茎甘蓝、萝卜,以及加拿大油菜、油菜、芥子、辣根、水芹)、豆科(Fabacae sp.)(例如花生和豆类)、蝶形花科(Papilionaceae sp.)(例如大豆)、茄科(Solanaceae sp.)(例如马铃薯)、锦葵科(Malvaceae)(例如秋葵)、天门冬科(Asparagaceae)(例如芦笋);园艺和森林作物;观赏植物;以及这些作物的基因修饰同源物。
本发明的处理方法用于处理基因修饰生物(GMO),例如植物或种子。基因修饰植物(或转基因植物)是异源基因已稳定地整合进基因组的植物。表述“异源基因”主要表示在植物外部提供或装配的基因,所述基因当被引入转化植物的核基因组、叶绿体基因组或线粒体基因组时,通过表达目的蛋白质或多肽或者通过下调或沉默存在于植物内的其他一种或多种基因(用例如反义技术、共抑制技术或RNA干扰——RNAi技术)而给予转化植物新的或改进的农学或其他性质。位于基因组中的异源基因也称为转基因。根据在植物基因组内的具体定位而定义的转基因被称为转化品系(transformation event)或转基因品系(transgenic event)。
依据植物种或植物栽培种、其所在地和生长条件(土壤、气候、营养生长期、营养),本发明的处理也可产生超加和性(“协同”)效应。由此,可取得如下超过实际预期的效果:例如可降低可根据本发明使用的活性化合物和组合物的施用率和/或拓宽其活性谱和/或提高其活性、改善植物生长、提高高温或低温耐受性、提高对干旱或者对水或土壤含盐量的耐受性、提高开花品质、使采收更简易、加速成熟、提高采收产率、使果实更大、株高更高、叶色更绿、开花更早、提高采收产品的品质和/或提高其营养价值、提高果实的糖浓度、改善采收产品的贮存稳定性和/或加工性能。
优选依据本发明处理的植物和植物栽培种包括具有赋予所述植物(无论其是通过育种和/或生物技术方法获得)特别有利、有用的特征的遗传物质的所有植物。
还优选依据本发明处理的植物和植物栽培种对一种或多种生物胁迫具有抗性,即所述植物显示出针对动物有害物和微生物有害物——例如对线虫、昆虫、螨虫、植物致病真菌、细菌、病毒和/或类病毒——的更好的防御性。
还可依据本发明处理的植物和植物栽培种为对一种或多种非生物胁迫具有抗性的植物。非生物胁迫条件可以包括例如干旱、低温曝露、热曝露、渗透胁迫、淹水、增加的土壤盐渍度、增加的矿物曝露、臭氧曝露、强光曝露、受限制的氮养分利用度、受限制的磷养分利用度、避免遮光。
还可依据本发明处理的植物和植物栽培种为特征在于具有提高的产率特性的那些植物。所述植物的提高产率可以是由于例如改进的植物生理、生长与发育如用水效率、保水效率,改进的氮使用、提高的碳素同化作用、改进的光合作用、提高的发芽效率和成熟加速。产率还会受改进的植物体系结构(plant architecture)(在胁迫及非胁迫条件下)的影响,所述植物体系结构包括但不限于提早开花、针对杂交种子生产的开花控制、秧苗活力、植株大小、节间数和距离、根系生长、种子大小、果实大小、荚果大小、荚果数或穗数、每个荚果或穗的种子数、种子质量(seedmass)、提高的种子饱满度、降低的种子传播、降低的荚果开裂和抗倒伏性。其他产率特征包括种子组成,例如碳水化合物含量、蛋白质含量、油含量及组成、营养价值、损营养化合物的减少、改进的可加工性和良好的贮存稳定性。
可依据本发明处理的植物为已表达出杂种优势或杂种活力的特性的杂种植物,所述特性通常会导致更高的产率、活力、健康度和对生物及非生物胁迫因素的抗性。所述植物通常由一种自交雄性不育亲系(母系)与另一种自交雄性能育亲系(父系)杂交而获得。杂种种子通常从雄性不育植株中采收并售给栽培者。雄性不育植株有时(例如在玉米中)可通过去雄花穗制得,即机械去除雄性繁殖器官(或雄花),但是,更通常地,雄性不育性是由植物基因组中的遗传决定因子产生。在此情况下,尤其是当希望从杂种植株采收的产品是种子时,确保杂种植株中的雄性能育性被完全恢复通常是有用的。这可通过确保父系具有合适的能够恢复杂种植株中雄性能育性的育性恢复基因而实现,所述杂种植株含有造成雄性不育的遗传决定因子。雄性不育的遗传决定因子可位于细胞质中。细胞质雄性不育(CMS)的实例在例如芸苔属(Brassica species)中进行了描述。然而,雄性不育遗传决定因子也可位于核基因组中。雄性不育植株也可通过植物生物技术法例如遗传工程而获得。WO 89/10396中描述了一种获取雄性不育植株的特别有用的方法,其中例如核糖核酸酶如芽孢杆菌RNA酶在雄蕊绒毡层细胞中进行选择性表达。然后能育性可通过核糖核酸酶抑制剂例如芽孢杆菌RNA酶抑制剂在绒毡层细胞中的表达而恢复。
可根据本发明处理的植物或植物栽培种(通过植物生物技术法例如遗传工程而获得)为除草剂耐受性植物,即对一种或多种给定除草剂具有耐受性的植物。所述植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予所述除草剂耐受性的突变的植物而获得。
除草剂耐受性植物有例如草甘膦(glyphosate)耐受性植物,即对除草剂草甘膦或其盐类具有耐受性的植物。可通过不同的方法使植物对草甘膦具有耐受性。例如草甘膦耐受性植物可通过用编码5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶(5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase,EPSPS)的基因转化植物而获得。所述EPSPS基因的实例为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)细菌的AroA基因(突变CT7)、农杆菌(Agrobacterium sp)细菌的CP4基因、编码矮牵牛EPSPS、番茄EPSPS或牛筋草(Eleusine)EPSPS的基因。所述EPSPS基因也可以是突变的EPSPS。草甘膦耐受性植物也可通过表达编码草甘膦氧化还原酶的基因而获得。草甘膦耐受性植物也可通过表达编码草甘膦乙酰基转移酶的基因而获得。草甘膦耐受性植物也可通过选择含有上述基因的天然发生突变的植物而获得。
其他除草剂耐受性植物有例如对抑制谷氨酰胺合酶的除草剂具有耐受性的植物,所述除草剂例如双丙氨膦(bialaphos)、草丁膦(phosphinothricin)或草铵膦(glufosinate)。所述植物可通过表达使除草剂解毒的酶或对抑制作用有耐受性的谷氨酰胺合酶突变体而获得。一种所述的有效解毒酶为编码草丁膦乙酰转移酶的酶(例如链霉菌(Streptomyces)属种的bar或pat蛋白)。表达外源草丁膦乙酰转移酶的植物也有所描述。
其他除草剂耐受性植物也可以是对抑制羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶(HPPD)的除草剂具有耐受性的植物。羟基苯丙酮酸双加氧酶是催化使对羟基苯丙酮酸(HPP)转化为尿黑酸的反应的酶。对HPPD抑制剂具有耐受性的植物可用编码天然存在的抗性HPPD酶的基因或者用编码突变的HPPD酶的基因进行转化。对HPPD抑制剂的耐受性也可通过使用如下基因对植物进行转化而获得,所述基因能够编码某些能形成尿黑酸的酶,尽管HPPD抑制剂对天然HPPD酶具有抑制作用。植物对HPPD抑制剂的耐受性也可通过,除了使用编码HPPD耐受性酶的基因之外,还使用编码预苯酸脱氢酶的基因来转化植物而改进。
其他的除草剂耐受性植物还有对乙酰乳酸合酶(ALS)抑制剂具有耐受性的植物。已知的ALS抑制剂包括,例如磺酰脲、咪唑啉酮、三唑并嘧啶类、嘧啶基氧(硫)基苯甲酸酯类和/或磺酰基氨基羰基三唑啉酮除草剂。已知ALS酶(也称为乙酰羟酸合酶,AHAS)的不同突变能够赋予对不同除草剂和除草剂组的耐受性。磺酰脲耐受性植物与咪唑啉酮耐受性植物的生产已有所描述。其他的咪唑啉酮耐受性植物也有所描述。其他的磺酰脲耐受性植物和咪唑啉酮耐受性植物还在例如WO 2007/024782中进行了描述。
其他对咪唑啉酮和/或磺酰脲具有耐受性的植物可通过诱变、在除草剂存在的情况下进行细胞培养选择、或者诱变育种而获得,如例如对大豆、稻、甜菜、莴苣或向日葵进行的描述。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物栽培种(通过植物生物技术法例如遗传工程而获得)为具有昆虫抗性的转基因植物,即对某些目标昆虫的侵袭具有抗性的植物。所述植物可通过遗传转化或通过选择含有赋予这种昆虫抗性的突变的植物而获得。
本文所用“具有昆虫抗性的转基因植物”包括含有至少一种转基因的任意植物,所述转基因包括编码下列蛋白的编码序列:
1)苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)的杀虫结晶蛋白或其杀虫部分,例如Crickmore等人所列(Microbiology and Molecular BiologyReviews(1998),62:807-813)以及Crickmore等人(2005)对苏云金芽孢杆菌毒素命名法所更新的(在线:http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/)的杀虫结晶蛋白,或其杀虫部分,例如Cry蛋白类Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac、Cry1F、Cry2Ab、Cry3Aa或Cry3Bb的蛋白或其杀虫部分;或者
2)这样的苏云金芽孢杆菌结晶蛋白或其一部分,其在苏云金芽孢杆菌的另一种其他结晶蛋白或其一部分——例如由Cry34和Cry35结晶蛋白组成的二元毒素——存在下具有杀虫活性;或者
3)含有苏云金芽孢杆菌的不同杀虫结晶蛋白部分的杂种杀虫蛋白,如上述1)的蛋白的杂合体或上述2)的蛋白的杂合体,例如由玉米品系MON98034制得的Cry1A.105蛋白;或者
4)上述1)至3)中任一项的蛋白,其中一些氨基酸、特别是1-10个氨基酸被另一种氨基酸取代,以获得对目标昆虫物种更高的杀虫活性、和/或扩展所影响的目标昆虫种类的范围、和/或由于在克隆或转化过程中引入至编码DNA中的变化而引起,例如MON863或MON88017玉米品系中的Cry3Bb1蛋白、或者MIR604玉米品系中的Cry3A蛋白;
5)苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)的杀虫分泌蛋白或其杀虫部分,例如下列网址中所列的营养期杀虫(VIP)蛋白:http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html,例如选自VIP3Aa蛋白类的蛋白;或者
6)这样的苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的分泌蛋白,该蛋白在苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的另一种分泌蛋白——例如由VIP1A和VIP2A蛋白组成的二元毒素——的存在下具有杀虫活性;或者
7)含有来自苏云金芽孢杆菌或蜡状芽孢杆菌的不同分泌蛋白的部分的杂合体杀虫蛋白,例如上述1)的杂合体蛋白的杂合体或上述2)的蛋白的杂合体;或者
8)上述1)至3)中任一项的蛋白,其中一些氨基酸、特别是1-10个氨基酸已被另一种氨基酸取代,以获得对目标昆虫种类更高的杀虫活性、和/或扩展所影响的目标昆虫种类的范围、和/或由于在克隆或转化过程中引入至编码DNA中的变化而引起(同时仍编码杀虫蛋白),例如COT102玉米品系中的VIP3Aa蛋白。
当然,本文所用具有昆虫抗性的转基因植物也包括任何含有编码上述1-8类中任一项蛋白的基因组合的任何植物。在一个实施方案中,昆虫抗性植物包含多于一种的编码上述1-8类中任一项的蛋白的转基因,从而扩展当使用针对不同目标昆虫种类的不同蛋白时扩展所影响的目标昆虫种类的范围;或者通过使用对相同目标昆虫种类具有杀虫活性但具有不同的作用方式——例如结合至昆虫的不同受体结合位点——的不同蛋白来延迟植物的昆虫抗性的产生。
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物栽培种(通过植物生物技术法例如遗传工程而获得)对非生物胁迫具有耐受性。所述植物可通过遗传转化、或通过选择含有赋予所述胁迫抗性的突变的植物而获得。特别有用的胁迫耐受性植物包括:
a.含有能够降低植物细胞或植物中多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶(PARP)基因的表达和/或其活性的转基因的植物。
b.含有能够降低植物或植物细胞的PARG编码基因的表达和/或其活性的胁迫耐受性增强性转基因的植物。
c.含有编码烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸分段合成途径的植物功能性酶的胁迫耐受性增强性转基因的植物,所述植物功能性酶包括烟酰胺酶、烟酸磷酸核糖基转移酶、烟酸单核苷酸腺嘌呤转移酶、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸合酶或烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶。
具有上述特征的植物的实例非穷尽地列于表A中。
表A
编号 | 作用靶标或表达机理 | 作物表型/耐受性 |
A-1 | 乙酰乳酸合酶(ALS) | 磺酰脲类、咪唑啉酮类、三唑并嘧啶类、嘧啶基氧基苯甲酸酯类、苯酞(Phtalide)类 |
A-2 | 乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACCase) | 芳氧基苯氧基烷基羧酸类、环己二酮类 |
A-3 | 羟苯基丙酮酸双氧化酶(HPPD) | 异噁唑类,例如异噁唑草酮(Isoxaflutol)或异恶氯草酮(Isoxachlortole);三酮类,例如甲基磺草酮(mesotrione)或磺草酮(sulcotrione) |
A-4 | 草丁膦乙酰转移酶 | 草丁膦 |
A-5 | O-甲基转移酶 | 改变的木素水平 |
A-6 | 谷氨酰胺合酶 | 草铵磷、双丙氨膦 |
A-7 | 腺苷酸琥珀酸裂解酶(ADSL) | IMP和AMP合成的抑制剂 |
A-8 | 腺苷酸琥珀酸合酶 | 腺苷酸琥珀酸合成抑制剂 |
A-9 | 邻氨基苯甲酸合酶 | 色氨酸合成和分解代谢抑制剂 |
A-10 | 腈水解酶 | 3,5-二卤代-4-羟基-苯腈例如溴 |
编号 | 作用靶标或表达机理 | 作物表型/耐受性 |
苯腈(Bromoxynil)和碘苯腈(Ioxinyl) | ||
A-11 | 5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶(EPSPS) | 草甘膦或草硫膦(sulfosate) |
A-12 | 草甘膦氧化还原酶 | 草甘膦或草硫膦 |
A-13 | 原卟啉原氧化酶(PROTOX) | 二苯基醚类、环状酰亚胺类、苯基吡唑类、吡啶衍生物、吡落草(phenopylate)、噁二唑类等 |
A-14 | 细胞色素P450,例如P450SU1 | 异生素(Xenobiotic)和除草剂,例如磺酰脲类 |
A-15 | 丁布(Dimboa)生物合成(Bxl基因) | 玉米大斑病菌(Helminthosporiumturcicum)、玉米叶蚜(Rhopalosiphum maydis)、玉米单腐病菌(Diplodia maydis)、欧洲玉米螟(Ostrinianubilalis)、鳞翅目 |
A-16 | CMIII(碱性玉蜀黍种子小肽) | 植物病原体,例如镰刀菌属(fusarium)、链格孢属(alternaria)、核盘菌属(sclerotina) |
A-17 | 玉米-SAFP(zeamatin) | 植物病原体,例如镰刀菌属、链格孢属、核盘菌属、丝核菌属(rhizoctonia)、毛壳菌属(chaetomium)、须霉属(phycomyces) |
A-18 | Hml基因 | 旋孢腔菌属(Cochliobulus) |
A-19 | 壳聚糖酶 | 植物病原体 |
A-20 | 葡聚糖酶 | 植物病原体 |
A-21 | 外壳蛋白 | 病毒,例如玉米矮花叶病毒、玉 |
编号 | 作用靶标或表达机理 | 作物表型/耐受性 |
米褪绿矮缩病毒 | ||
A-22 | 苏云金芽孢杆菌毒素、VIP3、蜡状芽孢杆菌毒素、光杆状菌(Photorabdus)和病原杆菌(Xenorhabdus)毒素 | 鳞翅目、鞘翅目(coleoptera)、双翅目(diptera)、线虫例如欧洲玉米螟、谷实夜蛾(heliothiszea)、粘虫例如草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)、玉米根螟、蛀茎夜蛾(sesamia sp.)、小地老虎、亚洲玉米螟、象虫 |
A-23 | 3-羟基类固醇氧化酶 | 鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、线虫例如欧洲玉米螟、谷实夜蛾、粘虫例如草地夜蛾、玉米根螟、蛀茎夜蛾、小地老虎、亚洲玉米螟、象虫 |
A-24 | 过氧化物酶 | 鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、线虫例如欧洲玉米螟、谷实夜蛾、粘虫例如草地夜蛾、玉米根螟、蛀茎夜蛾、小地老虎、亚洲玉米螟、象虫 |
A-25 | 氨基肽酶抑制剂,例如亮氨酸氨基肽酶抑制剂(LAPI) | 鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、线虫例如欧洲玉米螟、谷实夜蛾、粘虫例如草地夜蛾、玉米根螟、蛀茎夜蛾、小地老虎、亚洲玉米螟、象虫 |
A-26 | 柠檬烯合酶 | 玉米根螟 |
A-27 | 凝集素(lectine) | 鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、线虫例如欧洲玉米螟、谷实夜蛾、粘虫例如草地夜蛾、玉米根螟、蛀茎夜蛾、小地老虎、亚洲玉米螟、象虫 |
编号 | 作用靶标或表达机理 | 作物表型/耐受性 |
A-28 | 蛋白酶抑制剂,例如半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂、patatin、virgiferin、CPTI | 象虫、玉米根螟 |
A-29 | 核糖体失活蛋白 | 鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、线虫例如欧洲玉米螟、谷实夜蛾、粘虫例如草地夜蛾、玉米根螟、蛀茎夜蛾、小地老虎、亚洲玉米螟、象虫 |
A-30 | 玉蜀黍5C9多肽 | 鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、线虫例如欧洲玉米螟、谷实夜蛾、粘虫例如草地夜蛾、玉米根螟、蛀茎夜蛾、小地老虎、亚洲玉米螟、象虫 |
A-31 | HMG-CoA还原酶 | 鳞翅目、鞘翅目、双翅目、线虫例如欧洲玉米螟、谷实夜蛾、粘虫例如草地夜蛾、玉米根螟、蛀茎夜蛾、小地老虎、亚洲玉米螟、象虫 |
A-32 | 蛋白合成的抑制 | 氯乙酰苯胺(Chloroactanilide)类,例如甲草胺(Alachlor)、乙草胺(Acetochlor)、二甲吩草胺(Dimethenamid) |
A-33 | 激素模拟物 | 2,4-D、高2-甲-4-氯丙酸(Mecoprop-P) |
还可根据本发明处理的植物或植物栽培种(通过植物生物技术法例如遗传工程而获得)显示出采收产品的数量、品质和/或贮存稳定性的改变,和/或采收产品具体成分的性能改变,例如:
1)合成改性淀粉的转基因植物,该改性淀粉的物理化学性质、特别是直链淀粉含量或直链淀粉/支链淀粉比例、分支程度、平均链长、侧链分布、粘性行为、胶凝强度、淀粉粒度和/或淀粉粒形态,同野生型植物细胞或植物中的合成淀粉相比发生了改变,从而其能更好地适于具体应用。
2)合成非淀粉碳水化合物聚合物或合成同未进行基因修饰的野生型植物相比具有改变的性能的非淀粉碳水化合物聚合物的转基因植物。实例有产生多聚果糖、尤其是菊粉型和果聚糖型多聚果糖的植物,产生α-1,4-葡聚糖的植物,产生α-1,6分支α-1,4-葡聚糖的植物,产生alternan的植物,
3)产生乙酰透明质酸的转基因植物。
可根据本发明处理的特别有用的转基因植物是含有转化品系或转化品系组合的植物,它们是在美国向美国农业部(USDA)的动物和植物卫生检验局(APHIS)的非管制状态请求的主题,不管所述请求已被授权还是仍在审。在任何时候,此信息都可从APHIS(4700River RoadRiverdale,MD 20737,USA),例如在其网站(http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/not_reg.html)上容易地得到。在本申请的提交日,仍在由APHIS审批或已被APHIS授权的非管制状态的请求列于表B中,其包含下列信息:
请求:请求标识号。所述转化品系的技术描述可根据所述请求标识号在可从APHIS,例如在APHIS网站上获得的各个请求文件中找到。所述描述以引用的方式纳入本文中。
请求延期:参考要求延期的在先请求。
机构:提出该请求的机构名称。
管制品:关注的植物种。
转基因表型:由所述转化品系赋予所述植物的特性。
转化品系或株系:请求非管制状态的品系(有时也称为株系)的名称。
APHIS文件:由APHIS公布的涉及所述请求的并为APHIS所要求的各种文件。
在一个极特别的实施方案中,描述了一种治疗性或预防性地防治植物或作物的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫的方法,其包括:通过以下方式使用(A)和(B)和(C)的结合物:施用于种子、植物繁殖材料、所述植物或遗传修饰植物的果实,其中由所述遗传修饰植物表达的活性成分对应于表A或B中的株系。
在某些施用率下,本发明的活性化合物结合物还可在植物体内具有强化效应。因此,它们也适于调动植物的防御体系,以抵御不想要的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或病毒的侵袭。如果合适,这可为本发明结合物——例如抵御真菌——活性提高的原因之一。在本文中,植物强化(抗性诱导)物质的含义应理解为能够以如下方式刺激植物防御体系的那些物质或物质的结合物:当随后接种不想要的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫和/或病毒时,经处理的植物对这些植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫和/或病毒表现出很大程度的抗性。因此,本发明的物质可用于在处理之后的一定时期内保护植物抵抗上述病原体的侵袭。实现保护的时期通常在用所述活性化合物处理植物之后延续1至10天,优选1-7天。
在另一方面中,提供包括本发明结合物的组合物。优选地所述杀菌和/或杀虫组合物包括农业上可接受的添加剂、溶剂、载体、表面活性剂或填充剂。
根据本发明,术语“载体”是指天然或合成的有机或无机化合物,其可与式(I)的活性化合物A和化合物B混合或者结合从而更易于施用,特别是施用于植物部位。因此,此载体优选为惰性的,至少应为农业上可接受的。所述载体可为固体或液体。
合适的固体载体如下:
例如,铵盐,天然岩石粉末如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩、石英、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石或硅藻土,以及合成岩石粉末如高度分散的二氧化硅、氧化铝和硅酸盐,油石蜡(oil wax),固体肥料,水,醇优选丁醇,矿物油和植物油以及它们的衍生物;
合适的用于颗粒的固体载体为:例如,粉碎和分级的天然岩石如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石、白云石,以及无机和有机粉末的合成颗粒,以及有机物质如纸张、锯末、椰壳、玉米穗轴和烟草茎的颗粒;
液化气态稀释剂或载体是指在常温和常压下为气态的液体,例如,气溶胶喷射剂,例如卤化烃类以及丁烷、丙烷、氮气和二氧化碳。
在所述制剂中可使用粘合剂例如羧甲基纤维素、天然和合成的粉末、颗粒或胶乳状聚合物如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯和天然磷脂如脑磷脂和卵磷脂以及合成磷脂。其他添加剂可为任选地被改性的矿物或植物油和蜡。
合适的增充剂为,例如,水、极性和非极性有机化学液体,例如芳香和非芳香烃(如石蜡、烷基苯、烷基萘、氯苯)、醇和多元醇(如果合适,其也可是取代的、醚化和/或酯化的)、酮(如丙酮、环己酮)、酯(包括脂和油)和(聚)醚、未取代和取代的胺、酰胺、内酰胺(如N-烷基吡咯烷酮)和内酯、砜和亚砜(如二甲基亚砜)。
如果所用的增充剂为水,那么还可使用例如有机溶剂作为助溶剂。合适的液体溶剂主要有:芳烃,如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯代芳烃和氯代脂肪烃,如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂肪烃,如环己烷或石蜡如石油馏分;矿物和植物油;醇,如丁醇或乙二醇;以及醚和酯;酮如丙酮、甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,如二甲基亚砜;以及水。
本发明的组合物还可包括附加组分。具体而言,所述组合物还可包括表面活性剂。所述表面活性剂可为离子或非离子型的乳化剂、分散剂或润湿剂,或这些表面活性剂的混合物。可提及的是,例如,聚丙烯酸盐、木素磺酸盐、苯酚磺酸或萘磺酸盐、环氧乙烷与脂肪醇或脂肪酸或脂肪脂肪胺的缩聚物、取代苯酚(特别是烷基苯酚或芳基苯酚)、硫代琥珀酸酯的盐、牛磺酸衍生物(特别是烷基牛磺酸盐)、聚氧乙烯醇或酚的酯、多元醇的脂肪酸酯,以及含有硫酸根、磺酸根或磷酸根官能团的本发明化合物的衍生物,例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、蛋白质水解产物、木素亚硫酸废液和甲基纤维素。当所述活性化合物和/或所述惰性载体不溶于水并且所用的载体试剂为水时,通常必须存在至少一种表面活性剂。优选地,所包括的表面活性剂的含量可为所述组合物的5-40重量%。
合适的乳化剂和/或发泡剂为:例如,非离子或阴离子乳化剂,例如脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚;合适的分散剂为非离子和/或离子物质,例如选自醇POE和/或POP醚、酸和/或POP或POE酯、烷基-芳基和/或POP或POE醚、脂肪和/或POP-POE加合物、POE和/或POP多元醇衍生物、POE和/或POP/山梨聚糖或糖加合物、烷基或芳基硫酸盐、磺酸盐和磷酸盐或者PO醚加合物。此外,合适的低聚物或聚合物例如基于乙烯基单体、丙烯酸、单独的EO和/或PO或者结合以例如(多)醇或(多)胺。也可能使用木素及其磺酸衍生物、普通的和修饰的纤维素、芳香族和/或脂肪族磺酸以及它们与甲醛的加合物。合适的分散剂为例如木素亚硫酸废液和甲基纤维素。
可使用着色剂,例如无机颜料,如氧化铁、氧化钛和普鲁士蓝;以及有机颜料,如茜素染料、偶氮染料和金属酞菁染料;以及微量元素,例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐和锌盐。
任选地,其他附加组分还可为例如保护胶体、粘合剂、增稠剂、触变剂、渗透剂、稳定剂、掩蔽剂。更常见地,所述活性化合物与符合常规配制技术的任何固体或液体添加剂结合。
通常,本发明的组合物可含有0.05-99重量%的活性化合物,优选1-70重量%,最优选10-50重量%。
本发明的结合物或组合物可以直接使用、以其制剂的形式使用或者作为由其制备的使用形式使用,例如气雾剂、胶囊悬浮剂、冷雾剂、热雾剂、微囊粒剂、细粒剂、种子处理用流动剂、即用溶液剂、粉剂、乳油、水包油乳剂、水包油乳剂、大粒剂、微粒剂、油分散粉剂、油悬剂、油剂、泡沫剂、膏剂、农药种衣剂、胶悬剂(流动剂)、悬乳浓缩剂、可溶液剂、悬浮剂、可溶性粉剂、颗粒剂、水溶性颗粒剂或片剂、种子处理用水溶性粉剂、可湿性粉剂、经活性化合物浸渍的天然或合成材料、聚合材料和种子包壳中的微胶囊剂、以及ULV-冷和热雾剂、(加压)气体剂、发气剂、棒剂、干拌种粉剂、种子处理溶液剂、超低容量(ULV)液剂、超低容量(ULV)悬浮剂、水分散性颗粒剂或片剂、湿拌种剂。
这些制剂通过将所述活性化合物或活性化合物结合物与常规添加剂混合而以已知方式制备,所述常规添加剂例如常规增充剂以及溶剂或稀释剂、乳剂、分散剂,和/或粘结剂或固定剂、湿润剂、防水剂,如果合适,催干剂和UV稳定剂、着色剂、颜料、去沫剂、防腐剂、二次增稠剂、粘合剂、赤霉素和水以及其他加工助剂。
这些组合物不仅包括可借助合适的设备如喷雾或撒粉设备立即施用于所述待处理的植物或种子的组合物,而且包括在施用于作物之前必须稀释的浓缩商业组合物。
对植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或萌发后损害植物的害虫的防治主要是通过用作物保护剂处理土壤和植物地上部位来进行。由于考虑到作物保护剂对环境以及人和动物健康的可能影响,需要努力降低施用的活性化合物的量。
本发明的活性化合物结合物可以以其市售可得制剂的形式和以由这些制剂制备与其它活性化合物混合的使用形式而使用,所述其他活性化合物例如杀虫剂、引诱剂、灭菌剂、杀菌剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、杀菌剂、生长调节物质、除草剂、安全剂、肥料或化学信息素。
用本发明的活性化合物结合物对植物和植物部位的处理可通过常规处理方法直接进行,或者通过作用于其环境、生境或贮存区域而进行,所述常规处理方法如通过浇灌(浸渍)、滴灌、喷雾、蒸发、雾化、撒播、撒粉、发泡、涂布,或者作为干拌种剂、种子处理溶液剂、种子处理可溶性粉剂、湿拌种剂,或者对于繁殖材料特别是对于种子而言通过包壳;以及通过干处理、湿处理、液体处理;通过单或多层包衣。还可通过超低容量法施用所述活性化合物,或者将所述化合物制剂或所述活性化合物本身注入土壤中。
本发明的处理方法还提供以同时、单独或顺序的方式使用化合物(A)和(B)和(C)。
通常用于本发明处理方法的以下活性化合物剂量/施用率是常用和有利的:
-对于茎叶处理(foliar treatment):0.1-10000g/ha,优选10-1000g/ha,更优选50-300g/ha;对于浇灌或滴灌施用,所述剂量甚至还可降低,特别是当使用惰性基质如岩棉或珍珠岩时;
-对于种子处理:2-200g/100kg种子,优选3-150g/100kg种子;
-对于土壤处理:0.1-10000g/ha,优选1-5000g/ha。
本文提到的剂量是作为本发明方法的示例性实例而给出的。本领域的技术人员了解如何调整所述施用率以使之显而易见地符合待处理的植物或作物的性质。
可使用本发明的结合物以在处理后的一定时间范围内保护植物免受植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫的侵袭。保护有效的时间范围通常为用所述结合物对所述植物进行处理后1-28天,优选1-14天,或者最多至对植物繁殖材料进行处理后200天。
本发明的处理方法还可用于处理繁殖材料如块根或根茎,并可用于处理种子、籽苗或移植的籽苗以及植株或移植的植株。此处理方法还可用于处理根。本发明的处理方法还可用于处理植物的地上部位,例如所述植物的主干、茎或柄、叶、花和果实。
本发明的另一方面为保护已在其自然生命周期中获取的植物或动物来源的天然物质或其加工形式的方法,包括对所述植物或动物来源的天然物质或其加工形式施用协同有效量的化合物(A)和(B)的结合物。
一个优选实施方案为一种保护已在其自然生命周期中获取的植物或动物来源的天然物质或其加工形式的方法,包括对所述植物或动物来源的天然物质或其加工形式施用协同有效量的化合物(A)、(B)和(C)的结合物。
另一个优选实施方案为一种保护已在其自然生命周期中获取的果实,优选梨果、核果、无核果实和柑桔类果实或其经加工形式的方法,包括对所述植物或动物来源的天然物质或其加工形式施用协同有效量的化合物(A)和(B)的结合物。
本发明包括同时用化合物(A)和(B)和(C)处理种子的方法。本发明还包括分别用化合物(A)和(B)和(C)处理种子的方法。
本发明还包括同时用化合物(A)和(B)和(C)处理的种子。本发明还包括分别用化合物(A)和(B)和(C)处理的种子。对于后一种种子,可将所述活性成分施用于不同的层中。这些层任选地被一个可含有或不含有活性成分的附加层分隔。
本发明的结合物和/或组合物特别适于种子处理。大部分由害虫和植物致病真菌和/或微生物引起的对栽培植物的损害是通过在种子贮存期间和播种到土地中后以及在植物发芽期间或发芽后对种子的侵染而发生的。此阶段特别关键,因为正在生长的植物的根和苗特别敏感,即使是微小的损害也可导致整株植物的死亡。因此,通过使用合适的试剂来保护种子和发芽植物是特别值得关注的。
通过处理植物种子来防治害虫和/或植物致病真菌和/或微生物久已获知并且是不断改进的主题。然而,在种子的处理中存在若干问题,而这些问题并不总能得到令人满意的解决。因此,需要开发保护种子和发芽植物的方法,所述方法可免除在播种后或植物出芽后再额外施用作物保护试剂。另外,还需要优化所用活性物质的量,使得可对种子和发芽植物提供最大可能的保护来防止害虫和/或植物致病真菌和/或微生物侵袭,而所用的活性化合物又不会损害植物本身。特别地,处理种子的方法还应将转基因植物的固有杀菌和/或杀虫性质考虑在内,以便在植物保护试剂施用率消耗最少的情况下实现对种子和发芽植物获得最佳保护。
因此,本发明还特别涉及一种使用本发明的结合物/组合物处理种子从而保护种子和发芽植物免受害虫和/或植物致病真菌和/或微生物侵袭的方法。此外,本发明还涉及本发明的结合物/组合物处理种子以保护种子和发芽植物免受害虫和/或植物致病真菌和/或微生物侵袭的应用。此外,本发明还涉及经本发明的结合物/组合物处理以防止害虫和/或植物致病真菌和/或微生物的种子。
本发明的优点之一为,由于本发明的结合物/组合物特有的内吸性,用此结合物/组合物处理不仅能保护种子本身、而且还能保护出苗后长成的植物免于害虫和/或植物致病真菌和/或微生物的侵袭。这样,可以免除在播种时或播种后立即对作物进行直接处理。
另一个优点是,与各种杀虫活性物质相比,本发明的结合物/组合物的杀菌和/或杀虫活性协同增强,超过两种单独使用的活性化合物的活性之和。这使得优化所用活性化合物的量成为可能。
还可视为优点的是,本发明的活性物质结合物还可特别地用于转基因种子,由此种子长成的植物能够表达直接抵御害虫和植物致病真菌和/或微生物的蛋白。通过使用本发明的试剂处理这类种子,某些害虫和/或植物致病真菌和/或微生物已可通过表达例如杀虫蛋白而得以防治,此外,令人惊讶地,本发明的试剂产生了协同活性补充,这进一步提高了所述蛋白保护植物免受害虫侵染的药效。
本发明的试剂适于保护上述用于农业、温室、林业、犁沟处理、园艺或藤本植物园中的所有种类的植物品种的种子。具体地,这涉及谷物(如小麦、大麦、黑麦、黑小麦、粟、燕麦、稻)、玉米、棉花、大豆、马铃薯、向日葵、豆类、咖啡、甜菜(例如糖用甜菜、饲用甜菜和饲料甜菜)、花生、加拿大油菜、油菜、罂粟、橄榄、椰子、可可、甘蔗或烟草的种子。本发明的结合物/组合物也适于处理前述果实植物和蔬菜(如番茄、黄瓜、洋葱和莴苣)、草坪、草皮和观赏植物的种子。对小麦、大麦、黑麦、黑小麦、燕麦、玉米、稻、大豆、棉花、加拿大油菜、油菜的种子的处理尤其重要。
如上所述,用本发明的结合物/组合物对转基因种子的处理也特别重要。这涉及通常含有至少一种异源基因的植物的种子,所述异源基因控制具有特别是杀虫性质的多肽的表达。转基因种子中的异源基因可来自微生物如芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、沙雷氏菌属(Serratia)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、棒形杆菌属(Clavibacter)、球囊霉菌(Glomus)或黏帚霉属(Gliocladium)。本发明尤其适于处理含有至少一种来自芽孢杆菌属的异源基因的转基因种子,所述转基因种子的基因产物表现出抗欧洲玉米螟和/或西方玉米根虫(western corn rootworm)的活性。特别优选地,所述异源基因来自苏云金芽孢杆菌。
在本发明范围内,本发明的结合物/组合物单独或以合适制剂的形式施用于种子。优选地,在一个足够稳定的状态下处理所述种子,以避免种子在处理过程中受到损害。通常,对所述种子的处理可在采收和播种之间的任何时间进行。通常,所用的种子已与植物分离并已除去穗轴、壳、茎、外皮、茸毛或果肉。将种子采收、纯化并干燥到水分含量小于15%重量/重量使用。或者,也可使用干燥后用水处理然后再次干燥的种子。
当处理种子时,通常应当注意选择施用于所述种子的本发明活性物质结合物/组合物和/或其他添加剂的量,以使得不会对所述种子的发芽产生不利影响或不会使对发芽植物遭到损害。对于在某些施用率下可能具有植物毒性的活性物质而言尤其应当注意。
本发明的结合物/组合物可直接施用,也就是说不添加其他组分,也不进行稀释。通常,优选以合适制剂的形式将所述结合物/组合物施用于种子。处理种子的合适制剂和方法是本领域技术人员已知的,并且记载于例如以下文献中:US 4,272,417A、US 4,245,432A、US 4,808,430A、US 5,876,739A、US 2003/0176428A1、WO 2002/080675A1、WO2002/028186A2。
根据本发明可使用的活性化合物结合物和组合物可被转化为常规拌种制剂,例如溶液剂、乳剂、胶悬剂、粉剂、泡沫剂、浆液或其他种子包衣材料,以及ULV制剂
这些制剂可以以已知方式通过将活性化合物或活性化合物结合物与常规添加剂相混合而制备,所述常规添加剂例如:常规的增充剂以及溶剂或稀释剂、着色剂、润湿剂、分散剂、乳化剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、二次增稠剂、粘合剂、赤霉素和任选地水。
可存在于本发明的拌种制剂中的合适着色剂为所有常规用于此目的的着色剂。可使用微溶于水的颜料以及可溶于水的染料。可提及的着色剂的实例包括下列名称的已知着色剂:Rhodamin B、C.I.PigmentRed 112和C.I.Solvent Red 1。
可存在于本发明的拌种制剂中的合适润湿剂包括所有促进润湿并常规用于农业化学活性物质的制剂中的物质。优选地,可使用烷基萘磺酸盐,例如二异丙基萘磺酸盐或二异丁基萘磺酸盐。
可存在于本发明的拌种制剂中的合适的分散剂和/或乳化剂包括常规用于农业化学活性物质的制剂中的所有非离子型、阴离子型和阳离子型分散剂。
可存在于本发明的拌种制剂中的合适的消泡剂包括所有常规用于农业化学活性物质的制剂中的泡沫抑制物质。优选地,可使用硅酮消泡剂和硬脂酸镁。
可存在于本发明的拌种制剂中的合适防腐剂包括所有可为此目的用于活性农业化学组合物中的物质。例如可提及双氯酚和苯甲醇半缩甲醛。
可存在于本发明的拌种制剂中的合适的二次增稠剂包括所有可为此目的用于活性农业化学组合物中的物质。优选合适的物质为纤维素衍生物、丙烯酸衍生物、黄原胶、改性粘土和高分散二氧化硅。
可存在于本发明的拌种制剂中的合适的粘合剂包括所有可用于拌种中的常规粘合剂。优选地,可提及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇和甲基纤维素。
可存在于本发明的拌种制剂中的合适赤霉素优选地包括赤霉素A1、A3(=赤霉烯酸)、A4和A7;特别优选使用赤霉素A3(=赤霉烯酸)。式(II)的赤霉素是已知的,赤霉素的命名可见以下参考文献:R.Wegler“Chemie der Pflanzenschutz-and”,Volume 2,Springer Verlag,Berlin-Heidelberg-New York,1970,第401-412页)。
用于使用根据本发明使用的拌种制剂或由其通过加入水制得的制剂来处理种子的合适混合设备包括所有常规用于拌种的混合设备。拌种时采用的具体程序包括:将种子装入混合器中、加入所需特定量的拌种制剂(以其本身或用水预先稀释后)、进行混合直至所述制剂均匀地分布在所述种子上。任选地,随后进行干燥操作。
本发明的活性化合物结合物由于兼具良好的植物相容性和对温血动物有利的毒性,适用于防治在农业、林业、贮存产品和材料的保护以及卫生领域中遇到的动物害虫,特别是昆虫、蛛形纲动物和线虫。其优选地用作用于叶处理和土壤处理的作物保护组合物。
它们对于通常敏感和具有抗性的物种以及全部或各个发育阶段都有效。上述害虫包括:
等足目(Isopoda),例如,栉水虱(Oniscus asellus)、鼠妇(Armadillidium vulgare)、球鼠妇(Porcellio scaber)。倍足目(Diplopoda),例如,Blaniulus guttulatus。唇足目(Chilopoda),例如,地蜈蚣(Geophilus carpophagus)、Scutigera spp.。综合目(Symphyla),例如,白松虫(Scutigerella immaculata)。缨尾目(Thysanura),例如,衣鱼(Lepisma saccharina)。弹尾目(Collembola),例如,武装棘跳虫(Onychiurus armatus)。直翅目(Orthoptera),例如,家蟋(Acheta domesticus)、蝼蛄属(Gryllotalpa spp.)、非洲飞蝗(Locusta migratoria migratorioides)、黑蝗属(Melanoplus spp.)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria)。蜚蠊目(Blattaria),例如,东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis)、美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana)、马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderae)、德国蠊(Blattella germanica)。革翅目(Dermaptera),例如,欧洲球螋(Forficula auricularia)。等翅目(Isoptera),例如,散白蚁属(Reticulitermes spp.)。虱目(Phthiraptera),例如人体虱(Pediculus humanus corporis)、血虱属(Haematopinus spp.)、毛虱属(Linognathus spp.)、嚼虱属(Trichodectes spp.)、畜虱属(Damalinia spp.)。缨翅目(Thysanoptera),例如,温室条篱蓟马(Hercinothrips femoralis)、棉蓟马(Thrips tabaci)、棕榈蓟马(Thrips palmi)、苜蓿蓟马(Frankliniellaoccidentalis)。异翅目(Heteroptera),例如,扁盾蝽属(Eurygaster spp.)、Dysdercus intermedius、方背皮蝽(Piesma quadrata)、温带臭虫(Cimexlectularius)、长红锥蝽(Rhodnius prolixus)、锥猎蝽属(Triatoma spp.)。同翅目(Homoptera),例如,Aleurodes brassicae、烟粉虱(Bemisiatabaci)、温室粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)、甘蓝蚜(Brevicoryne brassicae)、茶藨隐瘤蚜(Cryptomyzus ribis)、黑豆蚜(Aphis fabae)、苹蚜(Aphis pomi)、苹果绵蚜(Eriosomalanigerum)、梅大尾蚜(Hyalopterus arundinis)、葡萄根瘤蚜(Phylloxeravastatrix)、瘿绵蚜属(Pemphigus spp.)、麦长管蚜(Macrosiphumavenae)、瘤蚜属(Myzus spp.)、忽布疣蚜(Phorodon humuli)、禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)、小绿叶蝉属(Empoasca spp.)、Euscelisbilobatus、黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettix cincticeps)、Lecanium corni、圆球蜡蚧(Saissetia oleae)、灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus)、褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)、红圆蚧(Aonidiella aurantii)、常春藤圆盾蚧(Aspidiotus hederae)、粉蚧属(Pseudococcus spp.)、木虱属(Psyllaspp.)。鳞翅目(Lepidoptera),例如,红铃麦蛾(Pectinophoragossypiella)、松尺蠖(Bupalus piniarius)、冬尺蛾(Cheimatobiabrumata)、苹细蛾(Lithocolletis blancardella)、苹果巢蛾(Hyponomeutapadella)、小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、黄褐天幕毛虫(Malacosomaneustria)、黄毒蛾(Euproctis chrysorrhoea)、毒蛾属(Lymantria spp.)、棉潜蛾(Bucculatrix thurberiella)、桔潜蛾(Phyllocnistis citrella)、地老虎属(Agrotis spp.)、切根虫属(Euxoa spp.)、脏切夜蛾属(Feltiaspp.)、埃及金刚钻(Earias insulana)、实夜蛾属(Heliothis spp.)、甘蓝夜蛾(Mamestra brassicae)、小眼夜蛾(Panolis flammea)、灰翅夜蛾属(Spodoptera spp.)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)苹果小卷蛾(Carpocapsa pomonella)、菜粉蝶属(Pieris spp.)、禾草螟属(Chilospp.)、玉米螟(Pyrausta nubilalis)、地中海粉斑螟(Ephestiakuehniella)、大蜡螟(Galleria mellonella)、幕谷蛾(Tineola bisselliella)、袋谷蛾(Tinea pellionella)、褐织蛾(Hofmannophila pseudospretella)、亚麻黄卷蛾(Cacoecia podana)、Capua reticulana、枞色卷蛾(Choristoneura fumiferana)、葡萄果蠹蛾(Clysia ambiguella)、茶长卷蛾(Homona magnanima)、栎绿卷蛾(Tortrix viridana)、Cnaphalocerus spp.、水稻负泥虫(Oulema oryzae)鞘翅目(Coleoptera),例如,家具窃蠹(Anobium punctatum)、谷蠹(Rhizopertha dominica)、恶条豆象(Bruchidius obtectus)、菜豆象(Acanthoscelides obtectus)、北美家天牛(Hylotrupes bajulus)、杨树萤叶甲(Agelastica alni)、马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)、辣根猿叶甲(Phaedoncochleariae)、叶甲属(Diabrotica spp.)、油菜金头跳甲(Psylliodeschrysocephala)、墨西哥瓢虫(Epilachna varivestis)、Atomaria spp.、锯谷盗(Oryzaephilus surinamensis)、花象属(Anthonomus spp.)、谷象属(Sitophilus spp.)、黑葡萄耳象(Otiorrhynchus sulcatus)、香蕉象甲(Cosmopolites sordidus)、白菜房原象甲(Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis)、紫苜蓿叶象(Hypera postica)、皮蠹属(Dermestes spp.)、斑皮蠹属(Trogoderma spp.)、圆皮蠹属(Anthrenus spp.)、毛皮蠹属(Attagenusspp.)、粉蠹属(Lyctus spp.)、油菜花露尾甲(Meligethes aeneus)、蛛甲属(Ptinus spp.)、黄蛛甲(Niptus hololeucus)、裸蛛甲(Gibbiumpsylloides)、拟谷盗属(Tribolium spp.)、黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)、叩甲属(Agriotes spp.)、宽胸叩头虫属(Conoderus spp.)、西方五月鳃角金龟(Melolontha melolontha)、马铃薯鳃角金龟(Amphimallonsolstitialis)、褐新西兰肋翅鳃角金龟(Costelytra zealandica)、稻根象(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus)。膜翅目(Hymenoptera),例如,松叶蜂属(Diprion spp.)、实叶蜂属(Hoplocampa spp.)、毛蚁属(Lasius spp.)、小家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis)、胡蜂属(Vespa spp.)。双翅目(Diptera),例如,伊蚊属(Aedes spp.)、按蚊属(Anopheles spp.)、库蚊属(Culex spp.)、黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)、家蝇属(Musca spp.)、厕蝇属(Fannia spp.)、红头丽蝇(Calliphoraerythrocephala)、绿蝇属(Lucilia spp.)、金蝇属(Chrysomyia spp.)、黄蝇属(Cuterebra spp.)、胃蝇属(Gastrophilus spp.)、Hyppobosca spp.、螫蝇属(Stomoxys spp.)、狂蝇属(Oestrus spp.)、皮蝇属(Hypodermaspp.)、虻属(Tabanus spp.)、Tannia spp.、花园毛蚊(Bibio hortulanus)、瑞典麦秆蝇(Oscinella frit)、草种蝇属(Phorbia spp.)、藜泉蝇(Pegomyiahyoscyami)、地中海蜡实蝇(Ceratitis capitata)、橄榄大实蝇(Dacusoleae)、欧洲大蚊(Tipula paludosa)、黑蝇属(Hylemyia spp.)、斑潜蝇属(Liriomyza spp.)。蚤目(Siphonaptera),例如,印鼠客蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis)、角叶蚤属(Ceratophyllus spp.)。蛛形纲(Arachnida),例如,中东金蝎(Scorpio maurus)、黑寡妇蜘蛛(Latrodectus mactans)、粗脚粉螨(Acarus siro)、锐缘蜱属(Argasspp.)、钝缘蜱属(Ornithodoros spp.)、鸡皮刺螨(Dermanyssusgallinae)、Eriophyes ribis、桔芸锈螨(Phyllocoptruta oleivora)、牛蜱属(Boophilus spp.)、扇头蜱属(Rhipicephalus spp.)、花蜱属(Amblyomma spp.)、璃眼蜱属(Hyalomma spp.)、硬蜱属(Ixodesspp.)、痒螨属(Psoroptes spp.)、皮螨属(Chorioptes spp.)、疥螨属(Sarcoptes spp.)、跗线螨属(Tarsonemus spp.)、苜蓿苔螨(Bryobiapraetiosa)、全爪螨属(Panonychus spp.)、叶螨属(Tetranychus spp.)、半跗线螨属(Hemitarsonemus spp.)、短须螨属(Brevipalpus spp.)。
植物寄生线虫包括,例如,短体线虫属(Pratylenchus spp.)、相似穿孔线虫(Radopholus similis)、起绒草茎线虫(Ditylenchus dipsaci)、半穿刺线虫(Tylenchulus semipenetrans)、异皮线虫属(Heteroderaspp.)、球异皮线虫属(Globodera spp.)、根结线虫属(Meloidogynespp.)、、滑刃线虫属(Aphelenchoides spp.)、长针线虫属(Longidorusspp.)、剑线虫属(Xiphinema spp.)、毛刺线虫属(Trichodorus spp.)、伞滑刃线虫属(Bursaphelenchus spp.)。
在可通过本发明方法防治的植物或作物病害中,可提及的有:
白粉病(Powdery mildew),例如:
小麦白粉(Blumeria)病,例如由小麦白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis)引起;
叉丝单囊壳(Podosphaera)病,例如由白叉丝单囊壳(Podosphaeraleucotricha)引起;
单丝壳(Sphaerotheca)病,例如由苍耳单丝壳菌(Sphaerothecafuliginea)引起;
钩丝壳(Uncinula)病,例如由葡萄钩丝壳菌(Uncinula necator)引起;
锈病(Rust diseases),例如:
胶锈菌(Gymnosporangium)病,例如由Gymnosporangium sabinae引起;
驼孢锈(Hemileia)病,例如由咖啡驼孢锈菌(Hemileia vastatrix)引起;
层锈菌(Phakopsora)病,例如由豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi)和山马蝗层锈菌(Phakopsora meibomiae)引起;
柄锈菌(Puccinia)病,例如由隐匿柄锈菌(Puccinia recondita)和小麦叶锈菌(Puccinia triticina)引起;
单孢锈菌(Uromyces)病,例如由疣顶单孢锈菌(Uromycesappendiculatus)引起;
卵菌病(Oomycete diseases),例如:
盘梗霉(Bremia)病,例如由莴苣盘梗霉(Bremia lactucae)引起;
霜霉(Peronospora)病,例如由豌豆霜霉(Peronospora pisi)和芸苔霜霉(Peronospora brassicae)引起;
疫霉(Phytophthora)病,例如由致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)引起;
单轴霉(Plasmopara)病,例如由葡萄生单轴霉(Plasmopara viticola)引起;
假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora)病,例如由葎草假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora humuli)和古巴假霜霉(Pseudoperonosporacubensis)引起;
腐霉(Pythium)病,例如由终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum)引起;
叶斑病(Leafspot disease)、叶斑枯病(leaf blotch disease)和叶枯病(leaf blight disease),例如:
链格孢菌(Alternaria)病,例如由早疫病链格孢(Alternaria solani)引起;
尾孢霉(Cercospora)病,例如由甜菜生尾孢(Cercospora beticola)引起;
枝孢霉(Cladiosporum)病,例如由瓜枝孢霉(Cladiosporiumcucumerinum)引起;
旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolus)病,例如由禾旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolussativus)(分生孢子形式:内脐蠕孢菌(Drechslera),异名:长蠕孢菌(Helminthosporium))引起;
炭疽菌(Colletotrichum)病,例如由菜豆炭疽病菌(Colletotrichumlindemuthanium)引起;
Cycloconium病,例如由Cycloconium oleaginum引起;
间座壳菌(Diaporthe)病,例如由柑桔间座壳菌(Diaporthe citri)引起;
痂囊腔菌(Elsinoe)病,例如由桔柑痂囊腔菌(Elsinoe fawcettii)引起;
盘长孢霉(Gloeosporium)病,例如由悦色盘长孢(Gloeosporiumlaeticolor)引起;
小丛壳菌(Glomerella)病,例如由围小丛壳(Glomerella cingulata)引起;
球座菌(Guignardia)病,例如由葡萄球座菌(Guignardia bidwelli)引起;
小球腔菌(Leptosphaeria)病,例如由十字花科小球腔菌(Leptosphaeria maculans)引起;
稻瘟(Magnaporthe)病,例如由稻瘟菌(Magnaporthe grisea)引起;
球腔菌(Mycosphaerella)病,例如由禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerellagraminicola)和香蕉黑条叶斑病菌(Mycosphaerella fijiensis)引起;
壳针孢霉(Phaeosphaeria)病,例如由颖枯壳针孢(Phaeosphaerianodorum)引起;
核腔菌(Pyrenophora)病,例如由圆核腔菌(Pyrenophora teres)引起;
柱隔孢霉(Ramularia)病,例如由Ramularia collo-cygni引起;
喙孢霉(Rhynchosporium)病,例如由黑麦喙孢(Rhynchosporiumsecalis)引起;
壳针孢霉(Septoria)病,例如由芹菜小壳针孢(Septoria apii)引起;
核瑚菌(Typhula)病,例如由肉孢核瑚菌(Typhula incarnata)引起;
黑星菌(Venturia)病,例如由苹果黑星菌(Venturia inaequalis)引起;
根和茎的病害,例如:
伏革菌(Corticium)病,例如由禾伏革菌(Corticium graminearum)引起;
镰孢霉(Fusarium)病,例如由尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)引起;
顶囊壳菌(Gaeumannomyces)病,例如由禾顶囊壳菌(Gaeumannomyces graminis)引起;
丝核菌(Rhizoctonia)病,例如由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起;
Oculimacula(Tapesia)病,例如由Oculimacula Tapesia acuformis引起;
根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis)病,例如由根串珠霉(Thielaviopsisbasicola)引起;
肉穗花序和散穗花序病害,包括玉米穗轴的病害,例如:
链格孢霉病,例如由链格孢属引起;
曲霉(Aspergillus)病,例如由黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)引起;
枝孢霉病,例如由枝孢属引起;
麦角菌(Claviceps)病,例如由麦角菌(Claviceps purpurea)引起;
镰孢霉病,例如由大刀镰刀菌(Fusarium culmorum)引起;
赤霉(Gibberella)病,例如由玉米赤霉菌(Gibberella zeae)引起;
Monographella病,例如由Monographella nivalis引起;
黑粉病和腥黑穗病,例如:
轴黑粉菌(Sphacelotheca)病,例如由丝轴黑粉菌(Sphacelothecareiliana)引起;
腥黑粉菌(Tilletia)病,例如由小麦网腥黑粉菌(Tilletia caries)引起;
条黑粉菌(Urocystis)病,例如由隐条黑粉菌(Urocystis occulta)引起;
黑粉菌(Ustilago)病,例如由裸黑粉菌(Ustilago nuda)引起;
果实腐烂和霉菌病,例如:
曲霉病,例如由黄曲霉引起;
葡萄孢菌(Botrytis)病,例如由灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)引起;
青霉菌(Penicillium)病,例如由扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)和Penicillium purpurogenum引起;
核盘菌(Sclerotinia)病,例如由核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)引起;
轮枝孢菌(Verticillium)病,例如由黑白轮枝孢(Verticiliumalboatrum)引起;
种传和土传的腐败、霉菌、枯萎、腐烂和猝倒病:
链格孢霉病,例如由甘蓝链格孢(Alternaria brassicicola)引起;
丝囊霉病(Aphanomyces),例如由根腐丝囊霉(Aphanomyceseuteiches)引起;
壳二孢菌(Ascochyta)病,例如由兵豆壳二孢(Ascochyta lentis)引起;
曲霉病,例如由黄曲霉引起;
枝孢霉病,例如由草本枝孢(Cladosporium herbarum)引起;
旋孢腔菌病害,例如由禾旋孢腔菌(作为分生孢子:内脐蠕孢菌,平脐蠕孢菌(Bipolaris),异名:长蠕孢菌)引起;
炭疽菌病,例如由马铃薯炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum coccodes)引起;
镰孢霉病,例如由大刀镰刀菌引起;
赤霉病,例如由玉米赤霉菌引起;
壳球孢菌(Macrophomina)病,例如由莱豆壳球孢菌(Macrophominaphaseolina)引起;
Monographella病,例如由Monographella nivalis引起;
青霉菌病,例如由扩展青霉引起;
茎点霉(Phoma)病,例如由黑胫茎点霉(Phoma lingam)引起;
拟茎点霉(Phomopsis)病,例如由大豆拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sojae)引起;
疫霉病,例如由恶疫霉(Phytophthora cactorum)引起;
核腔菌病,例如由麦类核腔菌(Pyrenophora graminea)引起;
梨孢(Pyricularia)病,例如由稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)引起;
腐霉病,例如由终极腐霉引起;
丝核菌病,例如由立枯丝核菌引起;
根霉(Rhizopus)病,例如由稻根霉菌(Rhizopus oryzae)引起;
小核菌(Sclerotium)病,例如由齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)引起;
壳针孢霉病,例如由颖枯壳针孢(Septoria nodorum)引起;
核瑚菌病,例如由肉孢核瑚菌引起;
轮枝孢菌病,例如由大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae)引起;
坏疽性溃疡、扫帚病(Broom)和梢枯病,例如:
丛赤壳菌(Nectria)病,例如由干癌丛赤壳菌(Nectria galligena)引起;
枯萎病,例如:
链核盘菌(Monilinia)病,例如由核果链核盘菌(Monilinia laxa)引起;
叶疱病或缩叶病,包括花和果实的畸形,例如:
外囊菌(Taphrina)病,例如由畸形外囊菌(Taphrina deformans)引起;
木质植物的衰退病,例如:
Esca病,例如由Phaemoniella clamydospora和Phaeoacremoniumaleophilum和Fomitiporia mediterranea引起;
花和种子病害,例如:
葡萄孢菌病,例如由灰葡萄孢菌引起;
块茎类病害,例如:
丝核菌病,例如由立枯丝核菌引起;
长蠕孢菌病,例如由茄长蠕孢(Helminthosporium solani)引起。
由细菌生物引起的病害,例如:
黄单胞(Xanthomonas)菌种,例如野油菜黄单胞菌稻致病变种(Xanthomonas campestris pv.oryzae);
假单胞(Pseudomonas)菌种,例如丁香假单胞菌黄瓜致病变种(Pseudomonas syringae pv.lachrymans);
欧文氏(Erwinia)菌种,例如解淀粉欧文氏菌(Erwinia amylovora)。
叶、上部茎(upper stem)、荚和种子的真菌病害,例如,
轮纹叶斑病(alternaria leaf spot)(Alternaria spec.atranstenuissima)、炭疽病(Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var.truncatum)、褐斑病(大豆褐纹壳针孢(Septoria glycines))、桃叶穿孔病和叶枯病(菊池尾孢(Cercospora kikuchii))、笄霉属叶枯病(choanephora leaf blight)(Choanephora infundibulifera trispora(Syn.))、疏毛核菌霉属叶斑病(Dactuliophora leaf blight)(Dactuliophora glycines)、霜霉病(东北霜霉(Peronosporamanshurica))、德氏霉叶枯冰(Drechslera blight)(Drechslera glycini)、蛙眼叶枯病(Frogeye Leaf spot)(大豆尾孢(Cercospora sojina))、菜豆(Leptosphaerulina)叶斑病(Leptosphaerulina trifolii)、叶点霉(Phyllostica)叶斑病(大豆生叶点霉(Phyllosticta sojaecola))、荚和茎枯萎病(大豆荚秆枯腐病(Phomopsis sojae))、白粉病(Microsphaeradiffusa)、棘壳孢属(pyrenochaeta)叶斑病(Pyrenochaeta glycines)、气生丝核菌(Rhizoctonia Aerial)、叶枯病(Foliage)及立枯病(Web blight)(立枯丝核菌)、锈病(豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsora pachyrhizi、Phakopsorameibomiae))、疮痂病(大豆痂圆孢(Sphaceloma glycines))、匍柄霉(Stemphylium)叶枯病(匍柄霉(Stemphylium botryosum))和靶斑病(Target spot)(山扁豆生棒孢(Corynespora cassiicola))
根和下部茎(lower stem)的真菌病害,例如,
黑色根腐病(Calonectria crotalariae)、炭腐病(菜豆壳球孢菌(Macrophomina phaseolina))、镰孢枯萎病或萎蔫、根腐以及荚和根颈腐烂(尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum)、直喙镰孢(Fusariumorthoceras)、半裸镰孢(Fusarium semitectum)、木贼镰孢(Fusariumequiseti))、Mycoleptodiscus根腐病(凤眼莲孢霉(Mycoleptodiscusterrestris))、新赤壳菌(Neocosmospora)(侵菅新赤壳菌(Neocosmopsporavasinfecta))、荚和茎疫病(菜豆间座壳(Diaporthe phaseolorum))、茎溃疡(大豆北方茎溃疡病菌(Diaporthe phaseolorum var.caulivora))、疫霉腐病(大雄疫霉(Phytophthora megasperma))、褐茎腐病(大豆茎褐腐病菌(Phialophora gregata))、腐霉病(Pythium rot)(瓜果腐霉(Pythium aphanidermatum)、畸雌腐霉(Pythium irregulare)、德巴利腐霉(Pythium debaryanum)、群结腐霉(Pythium myriotylum)、终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum))、丝核菌根腐病、茎腐和立枯病(立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani))、核盘菌茎腐病(核盘菌(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum))、核盘菌白绢病(Sclerotinia Southern Blight)(Sclerotiniarolfsii)、根串珠霉根腐病(Thielaviopsis Root Rot)(根串珠霉(Thielaviopsis basicola))。
此外,本发明的结合物和组合物还可用来降低植物和采收植物材料以及由其制备的粮食及动物饲料中的真菌毒素含量。
可具体但非排他性地提及以下真菌毒素:
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(Deoxynivalenole,DON)、瓜萎镰菌醇(Nivalenole)、15-Ac-DON、3-Ac-DON、T2毒素和HT2毒素、腐马素毒素(Fumonisines)、玉米赤霉烯酮(Zearalenone)、串珠镰刀菌素(Moniliformine)、镰刀菌素(Fusarine)、蛇形菌素(Diaceotoxyscirpenole,DAS)、白僵菌素(Beauvericine)、恩镰孢菌素(Enniatine)、层出镰孢菌素(Fusaroproliferine)、镰刀菌醇(Fusarenole)、赭曲毒素(Ochratoxines)、展青霉素(Patuline)、麦角类生物碱(Ergotalkaloids)和黄曲霉毒素(Aflatoxines),它们可由例如以下真菌引起:镰孢菌属,例如锐顶镰刀菌(Fusariumacuminatum)、燕麦镰刀菌(F.avenaceum)、F.crookwellense、黄色镰刀菌(F.culmorum)、禾谷镰刀菌(F.graminearum)(玉米赤霉菌)、术贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)、F.fujikoroi、香蕉镰刀菌(F.musarum)、尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)、再育镰刀菌(F.proliferatum)、梨孢镰刀菌(F.poae)、F.pseudograminearum、接骨木镰刀菌(F.sambucinum)、藤草镰刀菌(F.scirpi)、半裸镰刀菌(F.semitectum)、茄病镰刀菌(F.solani)、拟枝孢镰刀菌(F.sporotrichoides)、F.langsethiae、胶孢镰刀菌(F.subglutinans)、三线镰刀菌(F.tricinctum)、串珠镰刀菌(F.verticillioides)等,以及曲霉属、青霉属、黑麦麦角菌(Clavicepspurpurea)、葡萄穗霉属(Stachybotrys)等。
本发明结合物或组合物的非常好的杀菌和/或杀虫效果示于以下实施例中。尽管单个活性化合物的确表现出弱杀菌或杀虫药效,然而所述结合物或组合物所表现出的效果大于每个化合物药效的逐一加和。
如果本发明结合物或组合物的杀菌或杀虫药效大于根据S.R.Colby如下所示计算的三种活性化合物的结合物的预期药效,则的确存在杀菌剂或杀虫剂的协同效应(“Calculation of the synergistic andantagonistic responses of herbicide combinations”Weeds,(1967),15,第20-22页):
如果
X为化合物(A)在给定剂量(mg/ha)下的实测药效,
Y为化合物(B)在给定剂量(ng/ha)下的实测药效,
Z为化合物(C)在给定剂量(rg/ha)下的实测药效,
E为化合物(A)和化合物(B)和化合物(C)在m、n和rg/ha的给定剂量下一起的实测药效,
那么Colby公式可如下所示定义
所述药效以%计算。0%药效相当于与未经处理的、完全侵染的对照组,而100%的药效表示完全未观测到侵染。
如果实际观测到的杀菌效果大于用Colby公式计算的加和药效,那么结合物或组合物是超加和性的(superadditive),即可观测到协同效应。
术语“协同效应”还指通过应用Tammes方法,“Isoboles,a graphicrepresentation of synergism in pesticides”,Netherlands Journal of PlantPathology,70(1964),第73-80页,而定义的效应。
本发明通过以下实施例进行示例说明。本发明不仅限于所述实施例。
两种或三种化合物的结合物的药效的公式
给定的两种化合物的结合物的预期药效可如下计算(参见Colby,S.R.,“Calculating Synergistic and antagonistic Responses of HerbicideCombinations”,Weeds 15,第20-22页,1967):
如果
X为,当供试化合物A的浓度为m ppm或m g/ha时,以未处理对照组的%死亡率表示的药效,
Y为,当供试化合物B的浓度为n ppm或n g/ha时,以未处理对照组的%死亡率表示的药效,
Z为,当供试化合物C的浓度为o ppm或o g/ha时,以未处理对照组的%死亡率表示的药效,
E为,当使用浓度分别为m、n和o ppm或m、n和o g/ha的A、B和C的混合物时,以未处理对照组的%死亡率表示的药效,
那么
如果所述结合物的观测到的杀虫药效高于“E”的计算值,那么所述两种化合物的结合物超过加和性(more than additive),即存在协同效应。
实施例A
褐飞虱试验
溶剂:7重量份二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:2重量份烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓液用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
将稻(Oryza sativa)使用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷雾处理,并在叶子尚且潮湿时以褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)幼虫侵染。
经过指定时间后,确定以%计的死亡率。100%表示所有飞虱幼虫被杀死;0%表示无飞虱幼虫被杀死。
根据本施用,在本试验中,例如下列结合物与单个化合物相比表现出协同效应:
表A:褐飞虱试验
活性成分 | 浓度(ppm) | 3天后的药效(%) |
异噻菌胺 | 200 | 0 |
乙虫腈 | 0.16 | 0 |
氟虫腈 | 200.032 | 700 |
噻虫胺 | 0.80.032 | 7055 |
噻虫啉 | 4 | 0 |
本发明的异噻菌胺+乙虫腈+噻虫胺(1250∶1∶5) | 200+0.16+0.8 | 观测值*计算值**98 70 |
本发明的异噻菌胺+氟虫腈+噻虫胺(6250∶1∶1) | 200+0.032+0.032 | 观测值*计算值**95 55 |
本发明的异噻菌胺+氟虫腈+噻虫啉(50∶5∶1) | 200+20+4 | 观测值*计算值**85 70 |
*观测值=观测到的杀虫药效
**计算值=以Colby公式计算的药效
实施例B
辣根猿叶甲试验
溶剂:7重量份二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:2重量份烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓液用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)叶用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷雾处理,并在叶子尚且潮湿时以辣根猿叶甲(Phaedon cochleariae)幼虫侵染。
经过指定时间后,确定以%计的死亡率。100%表示所有甲虫幼虫被杀死;0%表示无甲虫幼虫被杀死。
根据本施用,在本试验中,例如下列结合物与单个化合物相比表现出协同效应:
表B-1:辣根猿叶甲试验(6天评估)
活性成分 | 浓度(ppm) | 6天后的药效(%) |
异噻菌胺 | 200 | 0 |
氟虫腈 | 0.032 | 0 |
噻虫胺 | 0.16 | 0 |
本发明的异噻菌胺+氟虫腈+噻虫胺(6250∶1∶5) | 200+0.032+0.16 | 观测值*计算值**30 0 |
*观测值=观测到的杀虫药效
**计算值=以Colby公式计算的药效
实施例C
草地夜蛾试验
溶剂:7重量份二甲基甲酰胺
乳化剂:2重量份烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份活性化合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓液用含乳化剂的水稀释至所需浓度。
将甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)叶用所需浓度的活性化合物制剂喷雾处理,并在叶子尚且潮湿时以草地夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)幼虫侵染。
经过指定时间后,确定以%计的杀灭率。100%表示所有毛虫被杀死;0%表示无毛虫被杀死。
根据本施用,在本试验中,例如下列结合物与单个化合物相比显示协同效应:
表C:草地夜蛾试验
活性成分 | 浓度(ppm) | 6天后的药效(%) |
异噻菌胺 | 200 | 0 |
氟虫腈 | 8 | 65 |
噻虫胺 | 8 | 25 |
异噻菌胺+氟虫腈+噻虫胺(25∶1∶1)根据本发明 | 200+8+8 | 观测值*计算值**80 73.75 |
*观测值=观察到的杀虫药效
**计算值=以Colby公式计算的药效
实施例D
白粉菌试验(大麦)/SAR 5天
溶剂: 50重量份的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺
乳化剂: 1重量份的烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚
为制备合适的活性化合物制剂,将1重量份活性化合物或活性化合物的结合物与所述量的溶剂和乳化剂混合,并将浓液用水稀释至所需浓度。
为测试内吸性活化抗性(systemic activated resistance),将幼小植株用活性化合物或活性化合物结合物的制剂以所述施用率喷雾。待所述喷雾涂层变干后,将该植株置于温度为约18℃且相对大气湿度为约80%的温室中。
喷雾5天后,将大麦白粉病菌(Blumeria graminis f.sp.hordei)的孢子撒在所述植物上。然后将所述植物保留于温度为约18℃且相对大气湿度为约80%的温室中,以促进霉菌孢子堆(mildew pustule)的生长。
接种7天后,取下第1片叶(1stleaf)和第2片叶(2nd leaf),对试验进行评估。0%表示与对照组相当的药效,而100%药效表示未观测到病害。
下表清楚地表明,本发明活性化合物结合物的观测活性大于计算活性,即存在协同效应。
表D-1
白粉菌试验(大麦)/SAR 5天
第1片叶
表D-2
白粉菌试验(大麦)/SAR 5天
第2片叶
Claims (12)
1.一种活性化合物结合物,包括
(A)异噻菌胺,和
(B)另一种选自乙虫腈和氟虫腈的杀虫活性化合物,和
(C)另一种选自新烟碱类物质的杀虫活性化合物,所述新烟碱类物质例如啶虫脒、噻虫胺、噻虫啉、噻虫嗪、氯噻啉、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺和1-[(2-氯-5-噻唑基)甲基]四氢-3,5-二甲基-N-硝基-1,3,5-三嗪-2(1H)-亚胺。
2.权利要求1的结合物,其中(A)、(B)或(C)中的任意两种组分之间的重量比相互独立地为1∶6250至6250∶1。
3.权利要求1的组合物,还包括助剂、溶剂、载体、表面活性剂或填充剂。
4.一种治疗性地或预防性地防治植物或作物的植物致病真菌和/或微生物和/或害虫的方法,包括通过以下方式使用权利要求3的杀菌和/或杀虫的组合物:施用于种子、植物繁殖材料、植物,或者施用于植物的果实,或者施用于植物在其中生长或想要植物在其中生长的土壤。
5.权利要求4的方法,包括同时地或相继地施用所述化合物(A)和(B)和(C)。
6.权利要求4或5的方法,其中权利要求1或2的结合物/组合物的量用于茎叶和土壤处理时为0.1g/ha至10kg/ha,用于种子处理时为2-200g/100kg种子。
7.权利要求1的结合物用于处理种子的用途。
8.权利要求7的用途,用于处理转基因种子。
9.保护种子和/或从所述种子长出的植物的幼芽和叶免受害虫或真菌损害的方法,所述方法包括用权利要求1的结合物处理未播种的种子。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述种子用化合物(A)、(B)和(C)同时处理。
11.权利要求9的方法,其中所述种子用化合物(A)、(B)和(C)分别处理。
12.经权利要求1的结合物处理的种子。
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- 2008-11-28 KR KR1020107013896A patent/KR101713778B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2008-11-28 CA CA2708480A patent/CA2708480A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-11-28 WO PCT/EP2008/010106 patent/WO2009074235A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-11-28 BR BRPI0819925-6A patent/BRPI0819925A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-12-10 TW TW097147923A patent/TWI491358B/zh active
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- 2010-05-21 CO CO10061063A patent/CO6280389A2/es not_active Application Discontinuation
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CN102326578A (zh) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-01-25 | 联保作物科技有限公司 | 一种杀虫组合物及其制剂 |
CN102326578B (zh) * | 2011-10-11 | 2014-01-15 | 联保作物科技有限公司 | 一种杀虫组合物及其制剂 |
CN103027064A (zh) * | 2013-01-16 | 2013-04-10 | 广西汇丰生物科技有限公司 | 含噻虫胺的种子处理制剂 |
CN103027064B (zh) * | 2013-01-16 | 2015-05-27 | 广西汇丰生物科技有限公司 | 含噻虫胺的种子处理制剂 |
CN103250728A (zh) * | 2013-05-22 | 2013-08-21 | 吴江市德佐日用化学品有限公司 | 一种含氟虫腈、噻虫啉与醚菊酯的杀虫组合物 |
CN108552210A (zh) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-09-21 | 云南省农业科学院甘蔗研究所 | 一种含氟虫腈和氯噻啉的甘蔗专用杀虫组合物及其应用 |
CN112955008A (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2021-06-11 | 组合化学工业株式会社 | 麦类病害的防治方法、麦类种子及麦类倒伏损失的抑制方法 |
CN112955008B (zh) * | 2018-10-31 | 2023-07-14 | 组合化学工业株式会社 | 麦类病害的防治方法、麦类种子及麦类倒伏损失的抑制方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20100092492A (ko) | 2010-08-20 |
TWI505779B (zh) | 2015-11-01 |
WO2009074235A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
JP2011506359A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
BRPI0819925A2 (pt) | 2020-08-18 |
EP2070415A1 (en) | 2009-06-17 |
CA2708480A1 (en) | 2009-06-18 |
TW200942176A (en) | 2009-10-16 |
TW201440651A (zh) | 2014-11-01 |
TWI491358B (zh) | 2015-07-11 |
MX2010005601A (es) | 2010-06-09 |
CO6280389A2 (es) | 2011-05-20 |
JP5547085B2 (ja) | 2014-07-09 |
KR101713778B1 (ko) | 2017-03-08 |
US20110160052A1 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
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