CN101885100A - Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology for diesel engine cylinder head for ship - Google Patents
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology for diesel engine cylinder head for ship Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology for a diesel engine cylinder head for a ship, which is used for surface hardening machining of a diesel jetting area of a combustion chamber of a cylinder head. In the technology, an automatic surfacing machine is used to carry out surfacing hardening of the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy on the surface of the diesel jetting area of the combustion chamber of the cylinder head with one surfacing layer, wherein the automatic surfacing machine comprises a rotating worktable which can swing and rotate and a numerical control soldering machine of which the position of a soldering gun can be adjusted. The invention changes the conventional manual surfacing mode, and realizes the automation of the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy surfacing technology for the cylinder head, thereby reducing the labor intensity, simplifying the technological steps, shortening the machining period and decreasing the consumption of soldering materials.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding processing, relate in particular to a kind of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology that is used for the big marine diesel engine cylinder head.
Background technology
Cylinder head is one of strength member of high-powered low-speed marine diesel engine, and itself and cylinder sleeve, piston head and air bleeding valve constitute the combustion chamber of diesel engine jointly.Because the atomizing of diesel oil and burning are all carried out in the combustion chamber, therefore the condition of work of cylinder head is comparatively abominable, it will bear very big thermal stress and mechanical stress, especially the head combustion chamber inwall is positioned at the impact that the zone of fuel valve oil spout place will be born high temperature and high pressure gas especially, therefore in the processing of cylinder head, this zone all will adopt NI-CR-MO alloys to carry out built-up welding to carry out surface peening.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the schematic diagrames of the cylinder head of big marine diesel engine.Diagram cylinder head 1 is the step-like cylindrical component that an axle center has through hole, the similar common blind flange of shape.See also Fig. 2, described cylinder head 1 is generally made by the monoblock forged steel, the right part of its center through hole (is top during the operating position, promptly be opened on the part of the big end of cylinder head 1) be used to install exhaust valve component, the left part of center through hole (be the bottom during operating position, promptly be opened on the part of cylinder head 1 small end) then constitutes the part of combustion chamber 11.Cylinder head 1 is provided with fuel valve 2, its end is provided with the nozzle opening 3 that is communicated with combustion chamber 11, see also Fig. 3 enlarged drawing, the oil spout district P that need carry out NI-CR-MO alloys surface overlaying processing on every side exactly of 11 inwall nozzle openings, 3 openings in the combustion chamber, this oil spout district P is distributed with the many places (see figure 1) on the inwall of cylinder head 1 combustion chamber 11, the corresponding nozzle opening 3 of each oil spout district P, being shaped as of this oil spout district P is fan-shaped.Be provided with a plurality of planes 12 on the cylindrical of cylinder head 1 big end, the cylindrical of cylinder head 1 small end is provided with a plurality of cross-drilled holes 13.
Marine diesel integral body bulky, length, width and height can reach several meters, even rice surplus in the of ten, and cylinder head also can be rated as large-scale workpiece in the machining category, therefore the processing that illustrates cylinder head 1 is very complicated and difficult, especially the position of heavy part like this is turned and is carried and all be unable to do without handling machinery in the process, and its processing technology wastes time and energy.
Manual operations is all adopted in the NI-CR-MO alloys built-up welding of this cylinder head 1 combustion chamber 11 oil spout district P processing at present.See also Fig. 5, existing processing method is: the alloy groove 14 that at first digs out dark 5mm in needs carry out the scope of a plurality of oil spouts district P of built-up welding processing with machine-tooled method, then cylinder head 1 is placed with upright position shown in Figure 2, promptly place the position of landing with the big end of cylinder head 1 cylindrical, operates so that the operating personnel probes in the inner chamber of cylinder head 1; Use the gas welding spray gun with cylinder head 1 workpiece preheating subsequently; The operating personnel adopts the mode of manual welding to carry out built-up welding in alloy groove 14 afterwards, overlay cladding is total two-layer, the first overlay cladding M1 uses the bottoming of φ 3.2 diameter welding rods, layer thickness is 3mm, the second overlay cladding M2 uses the welding rod capping of φ 4 diameters, layer thickness is 5mm, and the overlay cladding gross thickness is about 8mm like this, and the built-up welding welding procedure adopts mist (CO
2 + Ar) protect welding procedure, welding material is NI-CR-MO alloys (InconelFillerMetal625); Built-up welding machines the back inwall of cylinder head 1 center through hole is carried out metal cutting processing, thereby the top layer of the oil spout district P upper epidermis together with the second overlay cladding M2 in the alloy groove 14 is scabbled, and allowance d is about 2mm(and sees Fig. 5).
The NI-CR-MO alloys overlaying method of above-mentioned diesel engine cylinder head for ship has following shortcoming:
Therefore 1,, so need built-up welding two-layer, cause welding bed thickness, the resurfacing welding material consumption is big, built-up welding is long duty cycle, stays bigger chipping allowance to following process simultaneously because the manual build up welding wire feed rate is slow, and the single-layer surfacing layer is not enough to pile with alloy groove 14;
2, because each cylinder head 1 is provided with a plurality of oil spouts district P, therefore after the built-up welding of finishing place's alloy groove 14, need driving coordinating operation personnel to sling and rotation cylinder lid 1, second place's alloy groove 14 is gone to suitable position carry out the built-up welding operation again, therefore the labour intensity of operation is big, and the technical ability of manually welding the operator requires also than higher;
3, because workpiece is vertical placement (as Fig. 2) and heats by hand that so the workpiece inhomogeneous meeting of being heated causes distortion during preheating;
4, be because workpiece is placed for vertical during built-up welding equally, be the balance that guarantees to place, so a plurality of plane 12(on the big end of cylinder head 1 cylindrical see Fig. 1) can not be in machining processes before mill off in the lump, therefore can only after the built-up welding operation, go up machine tooling plane 12 again again, therefore increased that once lathe and school pacing are rapid up and down more, thereby increased the process cycle that entire cylinder head 1 workpiece is processed.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the deficiency that overcomes existing diesel engine cylinder head for ship manual build up welding method, a kind of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of diesel engine cylinder head for ship is provided, it changes traditional manual build up welding mode, the employing automatic resurfacing welding machine is realized the NI-CR-MO alloys bead-welding technology of cylinder cover for diesel engine, thereby reduces labour intensity, simplification processing step, shortening process-cycle, the consumption of minimizing wlding.
Solution of the above problems of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of diesel engine cylinder head for ship, be used for surface peening processing to head combustion chamber oil spout district, it adopts automatic resurfacing welding machine that NI-CR-MO alloys built-up welding reinforcement is carried out on the surface, oil spout district of head combustion chamber, and overlay cladding is one deck; This automatic resurfacing welding machine comprises the numerical control bonding machine that the rotary table that can swing and rotate and welding torch position can be regulated.
The operating procedure and the particular content of the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of diesel engine cylinder head for ship of the present invention are as follows:
(1) process several alloy grooves one by one at the place, a plurality of oil spouts district of head combustion chamber, groove depth 3.5mm, and this is counted the alloy groove carry out pre-welding treatment, the surfacing part in cleaning and the finishing alloy groove;
(2) use the ceramic electrical hot plate that cylinder head is evenly preheated, make it preheat temperature and be not less than 200 ℃, and with heat-insulation blanket coating gas cylinder cap;
(3) with cylinder head lifting and clamping on the rotary table of automatic resurfacing welding machine, built-up welding NI-CR-MO alloys in each alloy groove one by one, overlay cladding is that one deck and thickness are 5mm, by of the built-up welding of rotary table rotation cylinder lid, realize the adjusting of welding torch position and the switching of welding bead in the welding by the numerical control bonding machine of automatic resurfacing welding machine with adjusting, conversion and each welding bead of realization alloy groove position;
(4) after the overlay cladding zero defect is confirmed in inspection, with the metal wool parcel cylinder head integral body is incubated processing, temperature retention time is more than 36 hours, removes metal wool then cylinder head is slowly cooled in air below 50 ℃;
(5) with cylinder head by unload on the automatic resurfacing welding machine and the handling clamping on lathe, the center through hole of cylinder head is carried out machining, the top layer in the oil spout district upper epidermis together with overlay cladding in the alloy groove is scabbled, allowance is 0.5mm;
(6) postwelding is tested with ultrasonic wave and dye penetrant inspection to the built-up welding zone, and adopts manual grinding and welding to repair defective until qualified.
The rotary table of automatic resurfacing welding machine of the present invention comprises base, workbench, swing mechanism and rotating mechanism, this swing mechanism is arranged on the base, this rotating mechanism is arranged on the swing mechanism, this workbench is arranged on the rotating mechanism, and workbench is realized around the swing of horizontal level with around the rotation of self axis by the driving of swing mechanism and rotating mechanism; The numerical control bonding machine of described automatic resurfacing welding machine comprises column, numerical control axle, transverse arm, gun rack and welding gun, the numerical control axle of level is arranged on the upright column and can moves up and down along this column, this transverse arm is arranged on the numerical control axle and can moves forward and backward along the numerical control axle, this gun rack is arranged on the transverse arm, this welding gun is fixed on the gun rack, by the position that can regulate welding gun of moving of numerical control axle and transverse arm.
Compare with traditional manual build up welding method, the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of diesel engine cylinder head for ship of the present invention has following advantage:
1, shorten activity time, reduce wlding consumption---owing to adopted automatic resurfacing welding machine to replace manual mode to realize the NI-CR-MO alloys bead-welding technology of cylinder head, every welding condition has all obtained automatic control, not only guaranteed the layer quality, and improved wire feed rate greatly, therefore overlay cladding can change one deck into, lack one deck than traditional-handwork weldering mode, reduced the overlay cladding gross thickness, thereby shortened the built-up welding time, saved the welding rod material consumption, reduce the machining surplus simultaneously, alleviated the workload of follow-up machining processes, improved working (machining) efficiency.
2, reduce the labour intensity of operation---owing in welding, use frock and rotary table turning of work piece, thereby when the welding of conversion different-alloy groove, do not need employing again the position that driving cooperates the cylinder head of overturning, add and reduced built-up welding operation workload, so greatly reduce working strength of workers and work danger, automation process has also reduced the technical ability requirement to the operator simultaneously, helps cultivating new operator.
3, simplify processing step---because the cylinder head workpiece all is the horizontal positioned (position that the cylinder head small end makes progress when preheating, welding and insulation, see Fig. 2), therefore a plurality of planes (see figure 1) on the big end cylindrical of cylinder head hinders cylinder head alloy groove to adjust the problem of position in the weld deposit process with regard to not existing, so these a plurality of planes just can be in machining processes before mill off in the lump, thereby simplified the step on special reprocessing plane 12 after the built-up welding operation, reduce once the operation that transfer in lathe and school up and down, shortened process-cycle of cylinder head.
4, reduce the distortion of workpiece preheating---because horizontal positioned in the cylinder head warm, and take the ceramic electrical hot plate to the whole heating of cylinder head, so the workpiece preheating is even, has reduced distortion.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of diesel engine cylinder head for ship.
Fig. 2 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the B portion enlarged drawing of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of automatic resurfacing welding machine among the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the processing schematic diagram of traditional-handwork built-up welding.
Fig. 6 is a processing schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a processing method flow chart of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-cylinder head; 2-fuel valve; 3-nozzle opening;
4-numerical control bonding machine; 5-rotary table;
11-combustion chamber; 12-plane; 13-cross-drilled hole; 14-alloy groove;
41-column; 42-numerical control axle; 43-transverse arm;
44-gun rack; 45-welding gun;
51-base; 52-workbench; 53-swing mechanism; 54-rotating mechanism;
D-allowance; P-oil spout district; M-overlay cladding;
M1-first overlay cladding; M2-second overlay cladding.
The specific embodiment
The nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of diesel engine cylinder head for ship of the present invention is used for the surface peening processing to cylinder head 1 combustion chamber 11 oil spout district P, referring to Fig. 1, oil spout district P is cylinder head 1 main being hit and high-temperature area, is made of 2～3 fan type curved surfaces that are distributed on combustion chamber 11 inwalls.At employing corrosion resistant alloy (as NI-CR-MO alloys) it is carried out surface peening and add man-hour, in traditional manual build up welding process the operator is had higher technical ability requirement.The present invention adopts automatic resurfacing welding machine to replace manual mode to realize the bead-welding technology operation, and described automatic resurfacing welding machine comprises the numerical control bonding machine 4 that the rotary table 5 that can swing and rotate and welding torch position can be regulated, and sees also Fig. 4.
The rotary table 5 of diagram automatic resurfacing welding machine includes base 51, workbench 52, swing mechanism 53 and rotating mechanism 54.This swing mechanism 53 is arranged on the base 51, and swing mechanism 53 has power part, with the sector gear of this power part engagement and be placed through this sector gear axle center and be set up in swinging axle on the base 51.This rotating mechanism 54 is arranged on the swing mechanism 53, and rotating mechanism 54 has the axis swiveling gear vertical with swinging axle and can drive the driver part of 360 ° of rotations of this swiveling gear.This workbench 52 is arranged on the rotating mechanism 54, and it is shaped as circle, and axis overlaps with swiveling gear.Described driver part can drive swiveling gear and on workbench 52 carry out 360 ° rotation, described power part can drive sector gear and on rotating mechanism 54 and workbench 52 swing around swinging axle, therefore, the cylinder head 1 on described workbench 52 and the clamping can be realized around the swing of horizontal level with around the rotation of self axis by the driving of swing mechanism 53 and rotating mechanism 54.
The numerical control bonding machine 4 of automatic resurfacing welding machine shown in Figure 4 comprises column 41, numerical control axle 42, transverse arm 43, gun rack 44 and welding gun 45.The numerical control axle 42 of level is arranged on the upright column 41, and while can move up and down along this column 41, this numerical control axle 42 is provided with the numerical control parts of control welding wire feeding and welding condition.Described transverse arm 43 is arranged on the numerical control axle 42 and can moves forward and backward along numerical control axle 42, and this transverse arm 43 is provided with gun rack 44.Described welding gun 45 is fixed on the gun rack 44, in order to place welding wire directly workpiece is welded.Can realize welding gun 45 oscilaltions and elastic motion by moving of numerical control axle 42 and transverse arm 43, thereby regulate the relative tertiary location between welding gun 45 and the workpiece.
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
See also Fig. 1, be distributed with oil spout district, 2 places P on 11 inwalls of diagram cylinder head 1 combustion chamber, this oil spout district P be positioned at nozzle opening 3 around, be shaped as fan-shapedly, every fan-shaped surface area is about 38000mm
2
Adopt the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of diesel engine cylinder head for ship of the present invention to carry out the surface peening processing of oil spout district P to this cylinder head 1, its technological operation flow process is seen shown in Figure 7, concrete steps and theing contents are as follows:
(1) processes the alloy groove and it is carried out pre-welding treatment at place, head combustion chamber oil spout district
Dig one by one by the P place, two oil spout districts that is machined in cylinder head 1 combustion chamber 11 and to cut out alloy groove 14, groove depth 3.5mm.
Use driving and dedicated leveling suspender that cylinder head 1 is hung in welding shop then; note the protection machined surface in the handling process; cushioning protecting cloth on machined surface is placed in cylinder head 1 on the ground in operation place with horizontal level (being the position that cylinder head 1 small end makes progress).
Subsequently this two alloys groove 14 is carried out pre-welding treatment: the polishing finishing needs the position and the peripheral region of built-up welding, thoroughly remove the dirts such as greasy dirt, iron filings in this zone, position with fiberless cloth and cleaning agent, on the last visual examination overlaying surface whether abnormal conditions such as scuffing, burr are arranged.
(2) cylinder head is carried out preheating
According to the size of cylinder head 1 size, use the ceramic electrical hot plate of right quantity that cylinder head 1 integral body is surrounded, cylinder head 1 is evenly preheated, preheat temperature is not less than 200 ℃; When confirming the temperature of cylinder head 1, adopt digital temperature measurer in the distance weld zone (being oil spout district P) 75mm place at least, record the preheat temperature data should reach 〉=200 ℃.Scalded for fear of 1 cooling of welding operation front air cylinder lid and personnel, be covered cylinder head with heat-insulation blanket.
(3) with the cylinder head clamping on the rotary table of automatic resurfacing welding machine, and built-up welding one deck NI-CR-MO alloys in each alloy groove one by one
Built-up welding NI-CR-MO alloys in first alloy groove 14, the welding material trade mark are Inconel625, and gage of wire φ 1.2, overlay cladding M are that one deck and thickness are 5mm; Welding parameter is voltage 25 ~ 25.3V, electric current 204 ~ 210A, wire feed rate 10.1m/min.Referring to Fig. 6, overlay cladding M in the alloy groove 14 longitudinally welds up by the road, at first starting rotating mechanism 54 makes the cylinder head 1 on the rotary table 5 carry out the revolution of fan-shaped angle, limit revolution side weld rifle 45 is finished the welding of first road, transverse arm 43 vertically moves the distance of a welding bead along front and back then, the starting point of welding bead is returned in cylinder head 1 rotation simultaneously, to reach the switching of welding bead, make cylinder head 1 fan-shaped revolution carry out the welding of second road again, so the welding of all welding beads in first alloy groove 14 is finished in circulation, finally forms overlay cladding M.
After finishing the built-up welding in first alloy groove 14, rotate the welding position that rotary table 5 makes second alloy groove 14 arrival level of its upper cylinder lid 1, repeat the built-up welding that above-mentioned same technical process is finished NI-CR-MO alloys in second alloy groove 14 then.So the surface overlaying reinforcement processing of all oil spout district P on the cylinder head 1 is finished in circulation.
(4) cylinder head is incubated back slowly cooling in air
After the built-up welding of all alloy grooves 14 finishes, overlay cladding M is carried out visual examination, after confirming zero defect, wrap up cylinder head 1 so that its integral body is incubated processing with metal wool, temperature retention time is more than 36 hours, removes metal wool then cylinder head 1 is cooled in air below 50 ℃.
(5) on lathe, the top layer in the cylinder head oil spout district upper epidermis together with overlay cladding in the alloy groove is scabbled
With cylinder head 1 by unloading on the automatic resurfacing welding machine, and with driving a vehicle the handling clamping on lathe, the big end of clamping cylinder head 1 during clamping, the cylindrical and the plane of check and correction small end, make it radially and end face run-out≤0.05mm, then the center through hole of cylinder head 1 combustion chamber 11 is carried out machining, the top layer of the oil spout district P upper epidermis together with overlay cladding M in the alloy groove 14 is scabbled, allowance d is that 0.5mm(sees Fig. 6).
(6) postwelding check and finishing defective
After welding is finished tested in the built-up welding zone, the mode that check adopts range estimation, ultrasonic wave to combine with dye penetrant inspection if find to exceed the defective of quality standard, is then repaired defective until qualified by the method for pincers worker manual grinding and manual argon arc welding repair welding.
The present invention has reached the beneficial effect that shortens activity time, the consumption of minimizing wlding, reduces labour intensity, simplification processing step and minimizing workpiece deformation.The protection domain that the present invention requires is not limited only to the foregoing description, should comprise that also other invent conspicuous conversion and replacement scheme to this.
Claims (4)
1. the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of a diesel engine cylinder head for ship, be used for surface peening processing to head combustion chamber oil spout district, it is characterized in that: described process adopts automatic resurfacing welding machine that NI-CR-MO alloys built-up welding reinforcement is carried out on the surface, oil spout district of head combustion chamber, and overlay cladding is one deck; This automatic resurfacing welding machine comprises the numerical control bonding machine that the rotary table that can swing and rotate and welding torch position can be regulated.
2. the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of diesel engine cylinder head for ship according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the step of described process is as follows:
(1) processes several alloy grooves and it is carried out pre-welding treatment at place, head combustion chamber oil spout district;
(2) cylinder head is carried out preheating;
(3) with the cylinder head clamping on the rotary table of automatic resurfacing welding machine, and built-up welding one deck NI-CR-MO alloys in each alloy groove one by one;
(4) cylinder head is incubated back slowly cooling in air;
(5) with cylinder head by unloading clamping on the automatic resurfacing welding machine on lathe, the center through hole of cylinder head is carried out machining, the top layer in the oil spout district upper epidermis together with overlay cladding in the alloy groove is scabbled;
(6) postwelding check and finishing defective.
3. the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of diesel engine cylinder head for ship according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the concrete operations of described each step of process the contents are as follows:
(1) process several alloy grooves one by one at the place, a plurality of oil spouts district of head combustion chamber, groove depth 3.5mm, and this is counted the alloy groove carry out pre-welding treatment, the surfacing part in cleaning and the finishing alloy groove;
(2) use the ceramic electrical hot plate that cylinder head is evenly preheated, make it preheat temperature and be not less than 200 ℃, and with heat-insulation blanket coating gas cylinder cap;
(3) with cylinder head lifting and clamping on the rotary table of automatic resurfacing welding machine, built-up welding NI-CR-MO alloys in each alloy groove one by one, overlay cladding is that one deck and thickness are 5mm, by of the built-up welding of rotary table rotation cylinder lid, realize the adjusting of welding torch position and the switching of welding bead in the welding by the numerical control bonding machine of automatic resurfacing welding machine with adjusting, conversion and each welding bead of realization alloy groove position;
(4) after the overlay cladding zero defect is confirmed in inspection, with the metal wool parcel cylinder head integral body is incubated processing, temperature retention time is more than 36 hours, removes metal wool then cylinder head is slowly cooled in air below 50 ℃;
(5) with cylinder head by unload on the automatic resurfacing welding machine and the handling clamping on lathe, the center through hole of cylinder head is carried out machining, the top layer in the oil spout district upper epidermis together with overlay cladding in the alloy groove is scabbled, allowance is 0.5mm;
(6) postwelding is tested with ultrasonic wave and dye penetrant inspection to the built-up welding zone, and adopts manual grinding and welding to repair defective until qualified.
4. according to the nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy automatic surfacing technology of claim 1,2 or 3 described diesel engine cylinder head for ship, it is characterized in that: the rotary table of described automatic resurfacing welding machine comprises base, workbench, swing mechanism and rotating mechanism, this swing mechanism is arranged on the base, this rotating mechanism is arranged on the swing mechanism, this workbench is arranged on the rotating mechanism, and workbench is realized around the swing of horizontal level with around the rotation of self axis by the driving of swing mechanism and rotating mechanism; The numerical control bonding machine of described automatic resurfacing welding machine comprises column, numerical control axle, transverse arm, gun rack and welding gun, the numerical control axle of level is arranged on the upright column and can moves up and down along this column, this transverse arm is arranged on the numerical control axle and can moves forward and backward along the numerical control axle, this gun rack is arranged on the transverse arm, this welding gun is fixed on the gun rack, by the position that can regulate welding gun of moving of numerical control axle and transverse arm.
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Application publication date: 20101117 |