CN101881463A - Intelligent control method of automatic optimizing combustion of hot blast heater - Google Patents
Intelligent control method of automatic optimizing combustion of hot blast heater Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an intelligent control method of automatic optimizing combustion of a hot blast heater, which calculates on the basis of the total heating load. By setting the temperature of a burning arch crown and a waste gas temperature goal value, an air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller searches the optimum air-fuel ratio coefficient in real time in a combustion cycle so as to adjust the combustion air flow and the mixed gas flow in real time; the combustion air flow is controlled by a waste gas temperature adjuster, a heating load adjuster and a combustion air adjuster; the mixed gas flow is controlled by an arch crown temperature adjuster and a mixed gas adjuster; and the air-fuel ratio is controlled by an air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller. The invention can improve the combustion control level of the hot blast heater, has high combustion efficiency, full energy utilization and strong heat storage capacity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is used for metallurgy industry blast furnace hot blast stove system burning control.
Background technology
Hot-blast stove is the important corollary equipment in the blast furnace ironmaking production process, and it mainly acts on the temperature that exactly air blast is heated to requirement, provides high-temperature hot-air to blast furnace.Blast furnace is generally by the alternately air-supply of 3～4 hot-blast stoves, and the course of work of every hot-blast stove is the repetitive process of burning, air-supply.Coal gas and combustion air burn in the combustion chamber after mixing in burner, produce high-temperature flue gas.The checker brick of regenerator are the carriers that heat transmits, and it absorbs heat during burning, on air between again with the heat transferred cold air, thereby the heats cold air.
For energy savings, the stable optimization operation of realization hot-blast stove, need to improve the combustion control level of hot-blast stove.Realize the reasonable burning of coal gas, its energy could be made full use of that hot-blast stove just might hold more heat consuming under the same coal gas amount situation, create conditions for improving wind pushing temperature.Because various reasons such as the operation of blast furnace or the working of a furnace, cause the gas pressure instability, also often there is fluctuation in calorific value of gas, thereby Combustion of Hot Air Furnace control is that hot-blast stove is the most difficult, one of the controlling unit of most critical, and burning is controlled to such an extent that fine or notly will directly have influence on the dome temperature of hot-blast stove and the thermal efficiency of burning.
The proportional extreme value of traditional Combustion of Hot Air Furnace control method is regulated method, flue gas oxygen content tandem proportional controlling means etc.The ratio extreme value is regulated method can not in time change air-fuel ratio when calorific value of gas changes, be not easy to realize the best combustion of hot-blast stove.Oxygen content of smoke gas tandem proportional controlling means is to regulate as coarse adjustment with ratio, with oxygen content FEEDBACK CONTROL in the flue gas as fine tuning, air, coal gas amount are controlled, this method can realize the more reasonably burning of hot-blast stove, but because the oxygen analyser calendar life is limited, add management and safeguard not in place, the oxygen determination instrument of a lot of enterprises can not work steady in a long-term, therefore, this method effect is not ideal.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of intelligent control method for automatic optimization combustion of hot-blast stove is provided, and the present invention can improve the combustion control level of hot-blast stove, the efficiency of combustion height, and using energy source is abundant, and heat storage capacity is strong.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves its technical problem employing is: calculate based on gross heat input, by setting burning dome temperature and EGT desired value, the air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller is real-time optimizing optimal air-fuel ratio coefficient in combustion period, and combustion air flow and mixed gas flow are regulated in real time; The control of combustion air flow is finished by EGT adjuster, heating load adjuster and combustion air adjuster; The control of mixed gas flow is finished by dome temperature adjuster and mixed gas adjuster; Air-fuel ratio control is finished by the air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller;
Whole burning control flow comprises three phases:
Phase I: combustion process just begins, and the calculated value of gross heat input is as the setting value of heating load adjuster (QX-102), and mixed gas flow is a constant, and combustion air flow is determined according to the air-fuel ratio coefficient;
Second stage: it is far away that the EGT of hot-blast stove still departs from setting value, and the setting value of gross heat input also remains unchanged; Along with the continuous rising of dome temperature, mixed gas flow needs to reduce gradually, but for EGT is constantly raise, must keep certain heating load;
Phase III: the EGT of hot-blast stove has risen to set and has put, and the setting value of heating load is reduced gradually, and combustion air flow and mixed gas flow all reduce.
The present invention has following main advantage: the present invention can improve the combustion control level of hot-blast stove, the efficiency of combustion height, and using energy source is abundant, and heat storage capacity is strong.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the control system structured flowchart.
Fig. 2 is a burning initial stage optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is a dome temperature management phase optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller.
Control system mainly comprises following five adjusters and a fuzzy controller, as shown in Figure 1:
Heating load adjuster QX-102
Mixed gas flow adjuster FIC-101
Combustion air flow adjuster FIC-102
Dome temperature adjuster TIC-101
EGT adjuster TIC-102
The air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller
The specific embodiment
Combustion air is the important parameter in the Combustion of Hot Air Furnace process with the ratio (being air-fuel ratio) of mixed gas.If mixed gas is excessive, it is insufficient then to burn, and unnecessary coal gas in atmosphere, is a kind of waste with combustion emission, also is a kind of pollution to atmosphere; If the mixed gas deficiency can't guarantee that again the hot-blast stove top temperature reaches setting value, i.e. the shortage of heat of hot-blast stove savings can't satisfy the blast furnace ordinary production.Therefore, how under the prerequisite that guarantees the blast furnace ordinary production, the combustion rate that improves coal gas to greatest extent has huge meaning, and this just requires optimal air-fuel ratio control.But whatsoever all can not make coal gas excessive under the situation.Air when in other words, reaching optimal air-fuel ratio remains excessive.
The climbing speed of initial stage dome temperature and enter the climbing speed of dome temperature management phase EGT depends primarily on the air-fuel ratio and the gas flow of combustion process, also is subjected to the influence of coal gas, air quality fluctuation and pressure oscillation simultaneously.So, realize the Combustion of Hot Air Furnace process automatically the key of control be fluctuation along with coal gas, air pressure and quality, and carry out the real-time adjustment of gas flow and air mass flow, promptly to the adjustment of air-fuel ratio according to the different fired state of hot-blast stove.Therefore, at the burning initial stage, we heat with maximum coal gas amount, and adjust suitable air-fuel ratio, improve dome temperature rapidly; Arrive the dome temperature management phase, suitably reduce gas flow, and adjust suitable air-fuel ratio, guarantee to improve the heating rate of waste gas under the constant situation of dome temperature.The burning terminal point is determined by EGT, when EGT rises in limited time, stops heating.
Combustion process is exactly the heat-accumulating process of regenerator, and it is divided into two root phases.At the burning initial stage, the temperature of regenerator vault is very low, and the heat major part of waste gas is absorbed by vault, and the temperature of vault rises very fast, in the regenerator, the temperature of bottom then rises very slow; Along with the rising of dome temperature, the temperature difference of vault and waste gas reduces gradually.After dome temperature rose to certain value, its temperature almost no longer rose, waste gas with heat mainly by in the regenerator, the bottom absorbs, and makes in the regenerator, the temperature of bottom checker brick rises rapidly.In the whole burning phase, the heat transfer type of regenerator top checker brick is to conduct heat with a kind of unsettled hot-fluid, heat flow rate in time increase and reduce.In, the bottom checker brick almost conduct heat with a kind of stable hot-fluid, the temperature difference changes hardly.Therefore, in need to strengthen, the heat exchange of bottom, just need improve the temperature on top as early as possible.Have only by heat exchange, in making, when the bottom is changed stable hot-fluid into and conducted heat, through in, the EGT of bottom could improve, thereby this part the temperature difference of corresponding raising, the heat transfer of reinforcement and checker brick.The discharging regenerator waste gas (flue gas) temperature in time prolongation and increase.The ability of the interior heat exchange of explanation stove was strong when EGT was low, when EGT surpasses set point of temperature, illustrated that heat-exchange capacity weakens in the stove.Therefore, for guaranteeing the efficient of heat exchange, EGT can not remain on more than 380 ℃ for a long time, otherwise will cause the waste of heat; This temperature value also can not surpass 400 ℃, otherwise can burn out refractory brick.So after dome temperature reached certain limit, the heating rate of waste gas was a very important factor.
This control system is based on Combustion of Hot Air Furnace control model and fuzzy control theory.The control model is set up on full stove heat Balance Calculation basis, meets and produces reality, can control burn rate, has improved Combustion of Hot Air Furnace efficient widely.Hot-blast stove is a complicated controlled device with essentially nonlinear, large time delay, slow time-varying characteristics, and along with its characteristic of variation of burning working environment is also constantly changing, the running status that grasp hot-blast stove exactly is very difficult.The advantage of fuzzy control is to set up the Mathematical Modeling of controlled system, it can be expressed as operator or expert's control experience and knowledge the control law that linguistic variable is described, go control system with these rules then, provide the control signal of short-term, have stronger robustness.Both combinations can effectively improve Combustion of Hot Air Furnace efficient, steady heat wind furnace combustion process.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing in detail the present invention is described in detail, but does not limit the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, based on hot-blast stove thermal balance burning control model and fuzzy control theory, control system of the present invention comprises mixed gas flow adjuster FIC-101, dome temperature adjuster TIC-101, combustion air flow adjuster FIC-102, heating load adjuster QX-102, EGT adjuster TIC-102 and air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller; Annexation between them is: hot-blast stove is provided with gas regulator and air control valve, gas regulator is controlled by mixed gas flow adjuster FIC-101, mixed gas flow adjuster FIC-101 receives the feedback signal of gas flow and the control signal of calculator one, calculator one receives control signal, the control signal of air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller and the feedback signal of air mass flow of dome temperature adjuster TIC-101, and dome temperature adjuster TIC-101 receives the setting value and the feedback signal of dome temperature; Air control valve is controlled by combustion air flow adjuster FIC-102, combustion air flow adjuster FIC-102 receives the control signal of heating load adjuster QX-102 and the feedback signal of air mass flow, heating load adjuster QX-102 receives the control signal of calculator two, three, calculator two receives the calculated value of dome temperature adjuster TIC-101 control signal and gross heat input, calculator three receives the feedback signal and the calorific value of gas of gas flow, and EGT adjuster TIC-102 receives the setting value and the feedback signal of EGT.
The air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller is at each stage automatic optimal correction air-fuel ratio coefficient of combustion period, in real time after air-fuel ratio coefficient and dome temperature adjuster TIC-101 and the combustion air flow computing, income value is regulated gas flow as mixed gas flow adjuster FIC-101 input setting value; The output of EGT adjuster is calculated income value as heating load adjuster input setting value with the required gross heat input of burning, pass through the heating load adjuster with the real-time calorific value of coal gas, gained output is regulated combustion air flow as the setting input value of combustion air flow adjuster.
Control method of the present invention is based on gross heat input and calculates, by setting burning dome temperature and EGT desired value, the air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller is real-time optimizing optimal air-fuel ratio coefficient in combustion period, and combustion air flow and mixed gas flow are regulated in real time; The control of combustion air flow is finished by EGT adjuster, heating load adjuster and combustion air adjuster; The control of mixed gas flow is finished by dome temperature adjuster and mixed gas adjuster; Air-fuel ratio control is finished by the air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller.
According to the combustion characteristics of hot-blast stove, the combustion process of hot-blast stove is broadly divided into three phases:
Phase I: combustion process just begins, the dome temperature of hot-blast stove and EGT are all lower, the calculated value of heating load can be used as the setting of heating load adjuster QX-102 and puts, and mixed gas flow is a constant substantially, and combustion air flow is determined according to the air-fuel ratio coefficient.
Second stage: it is far away that the EGT of hot-blast stove still departs from setting value, and the setting value of heating load also remains unchanged.Along with the continuous rising of dome temperature, mixed gas flow needs to reduce gradually, but for EGT is constantly raise, must keep certain heating load.
Phase III: the EGT of hot-blast stove has risen to set and has put, and the setting value of heating load is reduced gradually, thereby makes combustion air flow and mixed gas flow all be reduced to zero, the completion of combustion process.
Wherein the phase I is also referred to as burning early stage (just during this before dome temperature and stack gases temperature do not reach the management temperature), and latter two stage is called the control and management phase (just when dome temperature reaches the management temperature to this combustion period end till).
This combustion control system is set up Mathematical Modeling based on full stove heat Balance Calculation basis, with the heating load is the homophony parameter, it is the multiloop tandem regulating loop of heating load-temperature-flow of the complete complexity of a cover, go out the required heating load of this combustion period according to preceding condition calculating of once blowing cycle and combustion period, determine combustion air flow then earlier, mixed gas flow is determined according to combustion air flow.The determining based on fuzzy control theory of air-fuel ratio coefficient in the combustion process is expressed as the control law that linguistic variable is described with operator or expert's control experience and knowledge, goes control system with these rules then, provides the control signal of short-term.
1. gross heat input calculates
In order effectively to utilize the amount of stored heat of hot-blast stove, the amount of stored heat the when heat of taking away from hot-blast stove in the time of should making air-supply just in time equals to burn stove, and the amount of stored heat size is by the heat supply value decision that sets.The gross heat input value is to draw by calculating whole heat, burning time and some other parameters that exhausted between on air.Its objective is that the amount of stored heat and the heat consumption in air-supply cycle that make combustion period reach in a basic balance, to realize the energy-efficient of hot-blast stove.
The step that gross heat input calculates is as follows:
1) the needed heat q of the hot blast of unit of account volume (mixing wind), calculated by following formula:
q＝c
m·t
m-c
c·t
c Kcal/Nm
3 (1)
In the formula: c
m, c
cBe respectively the specific heat that mixes wind-warm syndrome degree and cold wind temperature correspondence; t
m, t
cBe respectively and mix wind-warm syndrome degree and cold wind temperature;
2) heat that the unit interval consumed between calculating on air:
Q
1＝q·F
C Kcal/min (2)
In the formula: F
cBe cold flow;
3) calculate the heat Q that is consumed between on air whole
2:
K is the hot-blast stove constant; η is a hot-blast stove working system efficient; K η is 0.79 during for single stove circulation blowing system; T0, T1 are respectively air-supply zero-time and deadline.
4) the heating load Q that calculates at whole combustion period:
Q＝Q
2/T
G Kcal/min (4)
In the formula: T
GBe the total time of combustion period;
Because heating load can't directly measure, above-mentioned institute calculated value is a roughness value, for operator's reference when determining heating load, can estimate with mixing the wind control valve opening between on air.Owing to when stove heat (being amount of stored heat) is not enough, finishes early gate in air-supply and promptly reach lower limit and can't control temperature again, just can represent stove hot water standard in air-supply end of a period early gate aperture, if valve is complete shut-down not, can suitably reduce the heating load that sets, otherwise, should increase.
2. air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller
The air-fuel ratio The Design of Fuzzy Logic Controller is divided into Fast Heating phase optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller and dome temperature management phase optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller.
2.1 Fast Heating phase phase I optimal air-fuel ratio The Design of Fuzzy Logic Controller
Step1: determine input variable of fuzzy controller and output variable
The input of fuzzy controller is that the input of fuzzy controller is the difference e of a dome temperature current slot and a last time period climbing speed and the direction a that air-fuel ratio changes, the output of fuzzy controller is air-fuel ratio increment u, and Fast Heating phase optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2.
Step2: design fuzzy control rules
The temperature rate-of-rise difference e specifically is divided into 7 grades: high speed rising (PB), middling speed rising (PM), low speed rising (PS), zero (ZO), low speed decline (NS), middling speed decline (NM), high speed decline (NB); The air-fuel ratio change direction is divided into both direction: become big (P), diminish (N), air-fuel ratio is regulated increment and is divided into 7 grades: strengthen (PB), middling speed fast and strengthen (PM), low speed and strengthen (PS), constant (ZO), low speed and reduce (NS), middling speed and reduce (NM), reduce (NB) at a high speed.
The fuzzy variable word set of temperature rate-of-rise difference e is chosen as 7: and NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB}, its domain E is: 6 ,-5 ,-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6}.The word set of the fuzzy variable of air-fuel ratio change direction a is chosen as 2: its domain A is for N, P}: 1,1}.The word set of the fuzzy variable of air-fuel ratio increment u is chosen as: and NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB}, its domain U is: 5 ,-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5}.
Can sum up fuzzy control rule by the control experience, shown in table 2-1.
These control laws can be described with 14 fuzzy statements:
(1)IF?E＝NB?and?A＝P THEN?U＝NB
(2)IF?E＝NM?and?A＝N THEN?U＝NM
......
(14)IF?E＝PB?and?A＝P THEN?U＝NB
Table 2-1 Fast Heating phase optimal air-fuel ratio optimizing fuzzy control rule table
Step3: Fuzzy Controller Parameters is set
Rule of thumb with the field adjustable result, the parameters of rapid heater optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller is as follows.
Vault temperature rise speed difference scope [e
L, e
H] be [6,6], vault temperature rise speed difference e to the mapping formula of its domain E is:
Scope [the r that air-fuel ratio changes
L, r
H] be [1,1], air-fuel ratio change direction a to the mapping formula of its domain A is:
Step4: fuzzy reasoning, ambiguity solution also calculate fuzzy polling list
In fuzzy control, will be to the fuzzy rule set up through the fuzzy reasoning control variables of could making a strategic decision out, native system has adopted the Mamdani rationalistic method, and its essence is exactly weighted mean method.
Table 2-2 Fast Heating phase optimal air-fuel ratio optimizing control question blank
Pass through fuzzy controller, try to achieve E, A according to (5), (6) formula after the direction a obfuscation that the difference difference e of a dome temperature current slot and a last time period climbing speed and air-fuel ratio are changed, by question blank 2-2, controlled output u, and, try to achieve the increment Delta u of air-fuel ratio with this value process sharpening interface
kWith Δ u
kAdd the actual value u of current air-fuel ratio
K is real, can obtain optimization of air-fuel ratio setting value u
K sets=u
K is real+ Δ u
k
2.2 second, third stage dome temperature management phase optimal air-fuel ratio The Design of Fuzzy Logic Controller
Identical with initial stage optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller, the controller here also adopts the control structure of the single output of dual input, but input quantity is different with control law, dome temperature deviation and temperature rise rate are imported as control, the adjusting increment u of air-fuel ratio is as control output, and dome temperature management phase optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3.The dome temperature deviation is divided into the fuzzy magnitude of 5 grades, and temperature rate-of-rise is divided into 5 grades, and air-fuel ratio is regulated increment and is divided into 5 grades.
Step1: determine input variable of fuzzy controller and output variable
The input of fuzzy controller is that the input of fuzzy controller is the deviation e and the deviation variation rate ec of dome temperature, and the output of fuzzy controller is air-fuel ratio increment u.
Step2: design fuzzy control rules
The word set of the fuzzy variable of e ' and ec is chosen as 5: NB, NM, ZO, PM, PB}, respectively expression negative big, negative in, zero, center, honest, its domain E ' is: 5 ,-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5}.The word set of the fuzzy variable of u is chosen as: NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB}, respectively expression negative big, negative in, negative little, zero, just little, center, honest, its domain is: 6 ,-5 ,-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6}.
Can sum up fuzzy control rule by the control experience, shown in table 2-3.
These control laws can be described with 25 fuzzy statements:
(1)IF?E’＝NB?and?EC＝NB THEN?U＝NB
(2)IF?E’＝NM?and?EC＝NB THEN?U＝NB
......
(25)IF?E’＝PB?and?EC＝PB THEN?U＝PB
Table 2-3 dome temperature management phase optimal air-fuel ratio optimizing fuzzy control rule table
Step3: Fuzzy Controller Parameters is set
Rule of thumb with the field adjustable result, the parameters of dome temperature management phase optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller is as follows.
The dome temperature deviation range [e '
L, e '
H] be [5,5], dome temperature deviation e to the mapping formula of its domain E is:
Dome temperature rate of change scope [ec
L, ec
H] be [5,5], dome temperature deviation variation rate ec to the mapping formula of its domain EC is:
Step4: fuzzy reasoning, ambiguity solution also calculate fuzzy polling list
Employing area gravity model appoach commonly used in control technology carries out the ambiguity solution computing.At first program and calculate the fuzzy query table according to fuzzy logic operation rule off-line with MATLAB, simultaneously in conjunction with actual debugging, this fuzzy query table of online modification, the fuzzy query that draws dome temperature management phase optimal air-fuel ratio controller is shown in table 2-4.
Table 2-4 dome temperature management phase optimal air-fuel ratio optimizing fuzzy polling list
By fuzzy controller, with trying to achieve E ', EC according to (7), (8) formula after the deviation e ' of vault dome temperature and the deviation variation rate ec obfuscation, by question blank 2-4, controlled output u, and with this value through the sharpening interface, try to achieve the increment Delta u of air-fuel ratio
k, with Δ u
kAdd the actual value u of current air-fuel ratio
K is real, can obtain optimization of air-fuel ratio setting value u
K sets=u
K is real+ Δ u
k
3. combustion air flow control loop
The combustion air flow control loop is made up of EGT adjuster TIC-102, heating load adjuster QX-102 and combustion air adjuster FIC-102.
The setting value of EGT adjuster TIC-102, from the input of host computer active station, the output of adjuster is one 0.0～1.0 real number value by the operator, when EGT is low, be output as 1, close on gradually or surpass setting value along with temperature, output valve slowly reduces; After the output of gross heat input value and EGT adjuster TIC-102 is multiplied each other, as the setting value of heating load adjuster QX-102; The measured value of heating load adjuster QX-102 is the calculated value that coal gas real-time traffic and the real-time calorific value of coal gas multiply each other, the i.e. real-time heat of mixed gas.Heating load adjuster QX-102 output area is adjusted according to heating load calculated value and air-fuel ratio index variation, output valve is as the setting value of combustion air flow adjuster FIC-102, combustion air real-time flow data after temperature, pressure correction calculate is as the process values of combustion air flow adjuster FIC-102, and the output signal of combustion air adjuster FIC-102 is then controlled the aperture of combustion air control valve.So EGT adjuster TIC-102, heating load adjuster QX-102 and combustion air adjuster FIC-102 have constituted a tandem regulating loop, the flow value of combustion air in the control combustion process.
The control step of combustion air flow comprises:
1) when hot-blast stove is in the phase I burning initial stage, EGT is lower, the output of EGT adjuster TIC-102 is approximately equal to 1, therefore the output of heating load adjuster QX-102 promptly is the gross heat input setting value, the output valve of heating load adjuster QX-102 is as the setting value of the FIC-102 of combustion air adjuster;
At the burning initial stage, the setting value of combustion air adjuster device FIC-102 is calculated as follows:
F
air-SP＝K1×K2×Q/W
gas Nm
3/min
K1: be burning air-fuel ratio value in early stage.K2: be coefficient of excess air.Q is heat altogether.W
GasBe the calorific value of mixed gas, unit is Kcal/Nm
3If calorific value of gas changes, corresponding air, gas flow also change thereupon, to guarantee to burn the required suitable amount of stored heat of stove.
In the combustion management phase, the output of EGT adjuster TIC-102 reduces (＜1) gradually, thereby makes the setting value of the setting value of heating load adjuster QX-102 less than operator's input.The measured value of heating load adjuster QX-102 is the caloric value of mixed gas in the burning real-time process.The setting value of EGT adjuster TIC-102, the operator can import from the host computer active station.Combustion manager specifically see step 2) and 3).
2) in the combustion management phase of second stage, dome temperature convergence setting value, EGT does not reach requirement as yet, according to technological requirement, should reduce the coal gas amount, but still needs to keep certain heating load to guarantee that EGT rises, and suitably increases air capacity simultaneously; In this stage, gas flow reduces, and the output of heating load adjuster QX-102 increases, and corresponding combustion air flow increases.
3) when burn phase III dome temperature and EGT all reached setting value, the output of EGT adjuster TIC-102 was kept to zero, and under the condition of not air-supply order, hot-blast stove enters soak, and air mass flow and gas flow value are zero; In case EGT is reduced to below the setting value, EGT adjuster TIC-102 output is greater than zero, and hot-blast stove carries out little heating load burning automatically, to keep furnace body temperature constant.
4. mixed gas flow control loop
The mixed gas flow control loop is made up of dome temperature adjuster and mixed gas adjuster.
The setting value of dome temperature adjuster TIC-101 is imported from the host computer active station by the operator; When dome temperature was low, dome temperature adjuster TIC-101 was output as 1.0, closed on gradually or surpassed setting value along with temperature, and output valve slowly is decreased to 0.0; The setting value of mixed gas flow adjuster FIC-101 is drawn by combustion air flow signal and adjuster TIC-101 output signal and air-fuel ratio coefficient calculations, the gas flow setting value is controlled by the combustion air actual flow, guarantees that Combustion of Hot Air Furnace process hollow gas phase is sufficient all the time to coal gas; The mixed gas flow detected value is through temperature, the pressure correction process values as mixed gas flow adjuster FIC-101; The aperture of the output signal control mixed gas control valve of mixed gas adjuster FIC-101; The control step of mixed gas flow comprises:
1) when the phase I combustion process has just begun, dome temperature is lower, bigger with the deviation of the setting value of dome temperature adjuster TIC-101, make dome temperature adjuster TIC-101 output signal approximate 1, this moment, the setting value of mixed gas flow adjuster FIC-101 was proportioning value with the combustion air flow signal, promptly burnt by the needed heating load of hot-blast stove;
2) enter second stage after, along with the carrying out of combustion process, dome temperature constantly raises, near or reach setting value, dome temperature adjuster TIC-101 output signal reduces gradually, promptly suitably reduces some mixed gas amounts on demand;
3) enter the phase III after, gas flow reduces with the minimizing of combustion air proportional quantity simultaneously, and after EGT reaches setting value, is kept to zero simultaneously with air mass flow, the completion of combustion process.
Claims (5)
1. intelligent control method for automatic optimization combustion of hot-blast stove, it is characterized in that: calculate based on gross heat input, by setting burning dome temperature and EGT desired value, the air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller is real-time optimizing optimal air-fuel ratio coefficient in combustion period, and combustion air flow and mixed gas flow are regulated in real time; The control of combustion air flow is finished by EGT adjuster, heating load adjuster and combustion air adjuster; The control of mixed gas flow is finished by dome temperature adjuster and mixed gas adjuster; Air-fuel ratio control is finished by the air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller;
Whole burning control flow comprises three phases:
Phase I: combustion process just begins, and the calculated value of gross heat input is as the setting value of heating load adjuster (QX-102), and mixed gas flow is a constant, and combustion air flow is determined according to the air-fuel ratio coefficient;
Second stage: it is far away that the EGT of hot-blast stove still departs from setting value, and the setting value of gross heat input also remains unchanged; Along with the continuous rising of dome temperature, mixed gas flow needs to reduce gradually, but for EGT is constantly raise, must keep certain heating load;
Phase III: the EGT of hot-blast stove has risen to set and has put, and the setting value of heating load is reduced gradually, and combustion air flow and mixed gas flow all reduce.
2. control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that calculating gross heat input according to following steps:
1) the needed heat q of the hot blast of unit of account volume, calculated by following formula:
q＝c
m·t
m-c
c·t
c Kcal/Nm
3 (1)
In the formula: c
m, c
cBe respectively the specific heat that mixes wind-warm syndrome degree and cold wind temperature correspondence; t
m, t
cBe respectively and mix wind-warm syndrome degree and cold wind temperature;
2) heat that the unit interval consumed between calculating on air:
Q
1＝q·F
C Kcal/min (2)
In the formula: F
cBe cold flow;
3) calculate the heat Q that is consumed between on air whole
2:
K is the hot-blast stove constant; η is a hot-blast stove working system efficient; K η is 0.79 during for single stove circulation blowing system; T0, T1 are respectively air-supply zero-time and deadline.
4) the heating load Q that calculates in the whole combustion period unit interval:
Q＝Q
2/T
G Kcal/min (4)
In the formula: T
GBe the total time of combustion period.
3. control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the using method of air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller is:
1) burning phase I optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller:
Step1: determine input variable of fuzzy controller and output variable:
The input of fuzzy controller is the difference e of a dome temperature current slot and a last time period climbing speed and the direction a that air-fuel ratio changes, and the output of fuzzy controller is air-fuel ratio increment u;
Step2: the design fuzzy control rules is set:
The temperature rate-of-rise difference specifically is divided into 7 grades: rise at a high speed PB, middling speed rising PM, low speed rising PS, zero ZO, low speed decline NS, middling speed decline NM, the NB that descends at a high speed; The air-fuel ratio change direction is divided into both direction: become big P, N diminishes; Air-fuel ratio is regulated increment and is divided into 7 grades: strengthen PB, middling speed fast and strengthen PM, low speed and strengthen PS, constant ZO, low speed and reduce NS, middling speed and reduce NM, reduce NB at a high speed;
The word set of the fuzzy variable of temperature rate-of-rise difference e is chosen as 7: and NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB}, its domain E is: 6 ,-5 ,-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6}; The word set of the fuzzy variable of air-fuel ratio change direction a is chosen as 2: its domain A is for N, P}: 1,1}; The word set of the fuzzy variable of air-fuel ratio increment u is chosen as: and NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB}, its domain U is: 5 ,-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5};
Fuzzy control rule, shown in table 4-1:
Table 4-1
Step3: Fuzzy Controller Parameters is set:
Poor [the e of vault temperature rise speed
L, e
H] scope is [6,6], vault temperature rise speed difference e to the mapping formula of its domain E is:
Scope [the r that air-fuel ratio changes
L, r
H] be [1,1], air-fuel ratio change direction a to the mapping formula of its domain A is:
Step4: fuzzy reasoning, ambiguity solution also calculate fuzzy polling list and see Table 4-2:
Table 4-2
Pass through fuzzy controller, try to achieve E, A according to (5), (6) formula after the direction a obfuscation that the difference difference e of a dome temperature current slot and a last time period climbing speed and air-fuel ratio are changed, by question blank 4-2, controlled output u, and, try to achieve the increment Delta u of air-fuel ratio with this value process sharpening interface
k, with Δ u
kAdd the actual value u of current air-fuel ratio
K is real, can obtain optimization of air-fuel ratio setting value u
K sets=u
K is real+ Δ u
k
2) burning second and phase III optimal air-fuel ratio fuzzy controller:
Step1: determine input variable of fuzzy controller and output variable:
The input of fuzzy controller is that the input of fuzzy controller is the deviation e ' and the deviation variation rate ec of dome temperature, and the output of fuzzy controller is air-fuel ratio increment u;
Step2: design fuzzy control rules:
The word set of the fuzzy variable of e ' and ec is chosen as 5: NB, NM, ZO, PM, PB}, respectively expression negative big, negative in, zero, center, honest, its domain E ' is: 5 ,-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5}; The word set of the fuzzy variable of u is chosen as: NB, NM, NS, ZO, PS, PM, PB}, respectively expression negative big, negative in, negative little, zero, just little, center, honest, its domain U is: 6 ,-5 ,-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4,5,6};
Fuzzy control rule sees Table 4-3:
Table 4-3
Step3: Fuzzy Controller Parameters is set:
The dome temperature deviation range [e '
L, e '
H] be [5,5], dome temperature deviation e ' to the mapping formula of its domain E ' is:
Dome temperature rate of change scope [ec
L, ec
H] be [5,5], dome temperature deviation variation rate ec to the mapping formula of its domain EC is:
Step4: fuzzy reasoning, ambiguity solution also calculate fuzzy polling list shown in table 4-4:
Table 4-4
By fuzzy controller, with trying to achieve E ', EC according to (7), (8) formula after the deviation e ' of vault dome temperature and the deviation variation rate ec obfuscation, by question blank 4-4, controlled output u, and with this value through the sharpening interface, try to achieve the increment Delta u of air-fuel ratio
k, with Δ u
kAdd the actual value u of current air-fuel ratio
K is real, can obtain optimization of air-fuel ratio setting value u
K sets=u
K is real+ Δ u
k
4. control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the control method of combustion air flow comprises:
The setting value of EGT adjuster (TIC-102), from the input of host computer active station, the output of adjuster is one 0.0～1.0 real number value by the operator, when EGT is low, be output as 1, close on gradually or surpass setting value along with temperature, output valve slowly reduces; After the output of gross heat input value and EGT adjuster (TIC-102) is multiplied each other, as the setting value of heating load adjuster (QX-102); The measured value of heating load adjuster (QX-102) is the calculated value that coal gas real-time traffic and the real-time calorific value of coal gas multiply each other, the i.e. real-time heat of mixed gas; Heating load adjuster (QX-102) output area is adjusted according to heating load calculated value and air-fuel ratio index variation, output valve is as the setting value of combustion air flow adjuster (FIC-102), combustion air real-time flow data after temperature, pressure correction calculate is as the process values of combustion air flow adjuster (FIC-102), and the output signal of combustion air adjuster (FIC-102) is then controlled the aperture of combustion air control valve;
The control step of combustion air flow comprises:
1) when hot-blast stove is in the phase I burning initial stage, EGT is lower, the output of EGT adjuster (TIC-102) equals 1, the output of heating load adjuster (QX-102) promptly is the gross heat input setting value, the output valve of heating load adjuster (QX-102) is as the setting value of (FIC-102) of combustion air adjuster;
At the burning initial stage, the setting value of FIC-102 is calculated as follows:
F
air-SP＝K1×K2×Q/W
gas Nm
3/min
K1: be burning air-fuel ratio value in early stage.K2: be coefficient of excess air, Q is heat altogether, W
GasBe the calorific value of mixed gas, if calorific value of gas changes, corresponding air, gas flow also change thereupon, to guarantee to burn the required suitable amount of stored heat of stove;
2) in the combustion management phase of second stage, dome temperature convergence setting value, EGT does not reach requirement as yet, should reduce the coal gas amount, but still needs to keep certain heating load to guarantee that EGT rises, and suitably increases air capacity simultaneously; In this stage, gas flow reduces, and the output of heating load adjuster (QX-102) increases, and corresponding combustion air flow increases;
3) when burn phase III dome temperature and EGT all reached setting value, the output of EGT adjuster (TIC-102) was kept to zero, and under the condition of not air-supply order, hot-blast stove enters soak, and air mass flow and gas flow value are zero; In case EGT is reduced to below the setting value, EGT adjuster (TIC-102) output is greater than zero, and hot-blast stove carries out little heating load burning automatically, to keep furnace body temperature constant.
5. control method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the method for gas flow control comprises:
The setting value of dome temperature adjuster (TIC-101) is imported from the host computer active station by the operator; When dome temperature was low, the dome temperature adjuster was output as 1.0, closed on gradually or surpassed setting value along with temperature, and output valve slowly is decreased to 0.0; The setting value of mixed gas flow adjuster (FIC-101) is drawn by combustion air flow signal and adjuster (TIC-101) output signal and air-fuel ratio coefficient calculations; The mixed gas flow detected value is through temperature, the pressure correction process values as mixed gas flow adjuster (FIC-101); The aperture of the output signal control mixed gas control valve of mixed gas adjuster (FIC-101); The control step of mixed gas flow comprises:
1) when the phase I combustion process has just begun, dome temperature is lower, dome temperature adjuster (TIC-101) output signal equals 1, the setting value of mixed gas flow adjuster this moment (FIC-101) is the proportioning value with the combustion air flow signal, promptly burns by the needed heating load of hot-blast stove;
2) enter second stage after, along with the carrying out of combustion process, dome temperature constantly raises, near or reach setting value, dome temperature adjuster (TIC-101) output signal reduces gradually, promptly suitably reduces some mixed gas amounts on demand;
3) enter the phase III after, gas flow reduces with the minimizing of combustion air proportional quantity simultaneously, and after EGT reaches setting value, is kept to zero simultaneously with air mass flow, the completion of combustion process.
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| CN200910258938.2 | 2009-12-31 | ||
| CN200910258938A CN101749731A (en) | 2009-12-31 | 2009-12-31 | Automatic optimal combustion intelligent control system for hot blast stove |
| CN200920353245 | 2009-12-31 | ||
| CN 201010206032 CN101881463A (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2010-06-09 | Intelligent control method of automatic optimizing combustion of hot blast heater |
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| CN107092187A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-08-25 | 河钢股份有限公司承德分公司 | A kind of temperature control equipment and temprature control method |
| CN108458486A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-28 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of Combustion of Hot Air Furnace automatic control system and its control method |
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| CN108458486A (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2018-08-28 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of Combustion of Hot Air Furnace automatic control system and its control method |
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| CN109489261A (en) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-03-19 | 江苏恒创软件有限公司 | A kind of hot-blast stove Intellectualized controller that can be monitored in real time |
| CN111850210A (en) * | 2020-07-07 | 2020-10-30 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Burning method for multi-stage heat supply in burning period of hot blast stove |
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| CN201737965U (en) | 2011-02-09 |
| CN101871654A (en) | 2010-10-27 |
| CN101871654B (en) | 2012-08-01 |
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