CN101881319A - Wind power generation speed increasing box - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a wind power generation speed increasing box, which adopts secondary planetary transmission and primary parallel shafts, a gear 4, a planetary gear 5 and an annular gear 6 form primary planetary gear transmission, a gear 17, a planetary gear 11 and an annular gear 10 form secondary planetary gear transmission, a gear 12 and a gear 15 are in parallel shaft gear transmission, a center shaft 1, a planetary gear rack 7 and the annular gear 10 are connected together, and the gear 4 and a planetary gear rack 9 are connected together. The primary gear and the secondary gear can simultaneously bear the torque of blades so as to realize load shunt. An elastic element and a damping element are arranged between the elements of the speed increasing box, elastic damping is infused to form extra freedom degree and further reduce the influence of load impact. The invention can reduce impact vibration, reduces the failure rate, prolongs the service life, and is particularly suitable for the wind power generation speed increasing box.

Description

A kind of wind power generation speed increasing box

One, technical field

The invention belongs to mechanical manufacturing field, relate to the gear-box manufacturing technology, be specially adapted to wind power plant.

Two, background technique

Along with going from bad to worse of energy shortage and ecotope, it is widely acknowledged the significance of generation of electricity by new energy technology.Wind energy is as a kind of renewable energy sources of cleaning, and various countries launch respectively policy and preferential tax revenue, encourages the development of wind-powered electricity generation industry.For the performance, the raising single-machine capacity that improve the wind-powered electricity generation unit, number of research projects has been carried out to the wind-powered electricity generation unit in countries in the world.At present, Xian Jin wind power equipment manufacturing enterprise mainly concentrates on a few countries in the world, as Denmark, Germany, Spain and the U.S. etc.

Over nearly 10 years, global wind-power electricity generation electric motor power is with nearly 30% annual growth develop rapidly, and China's wind-powered electricity generation electric motor power growth rate is the first in the world.The above wind-powered electricity generation unit of MW class has become mainstream model, as the mainstream model 1.5MW of the U.S., and the mainstream model of Denmark (2.0～3.0) MW.According to National Development and Reform Committee's planning, the newly-increased installation of China's wind-powered electricity generation is also based on 1.5MW, 2MW type, and the following type proportion of 1MW will reduce gradually.Type power is big more, and economic benefit, wind energy utilization are high more.

The wind-powered electricity generation equipment develops to big type direction, needs the novel speedup transmission mechanism of research, need develop new design concept in design.Germany has developed the speedup box of 5 megawatt types.According to data, Europe is in the conceptual design of carrying out the 8MW type, even has been proposed in the notion of exploitation 20MW type before the year two thousand twenty.Speedup box is installed in head, and the volume size all is subjected to great restriction.The 5-6 ton 1.5 the megawatt gear-box weighs, about 70 meters of type tower height.8 megawatt type tower heights may will reach 150-200 rice, and excessive overweight speedup box is inappropriate certainly.The development trend of big type requires us to improve the speedup box transmission principle of present type (as 1.5 megawatts), and research adapts to the speedup box transmission of big type.

Gear-box is one of parts that the wind power generating set rate of fault is the highest both at home and abroad in recent years.Gearbox fault is a worldwide problem, but the rate of fault of China's wind-powered electricity generation gear-box is higher.The wind field gear-box spoilage that has is up to 40%～50%, and individual brand unit gear-box turnover rate is near 100%.Wind power generating set design service life at least 20 years, but the wind field gear-box will be out of order in 2-3.Wind energy on the sea aboundresources, marine wind electric field are just becoming a market that develops rapidly.Complicated marine natural condition make that the rate of fault of wind-powered electricity generation unit is high especially, and as marine wind electric field Denmark Vestas wind energy turbine set the biggest in the world, offshore wind farm unit rate of fault surpasses 70%.

According to research in recent years, find that gearbox fault mainly contains: 1) the early stage spot corrosion of gear.Carry under the situation of change impacting frequently being subjected to wind, the fretting wear of gear surpasses the expection of general design, thereby causes the early stage spot corrosion of gear.2) bearing damages in early days.The main cause of damage of bearings is that the stress deformation of system causes bearing enclose no longer parallel, and the local contact stress of roller is excessive.The high rate of fault of gear-box has badly influenced the wind-powered electricity generation economic benefit of enterprises.

The rate of fault height of gear-box, with wind-powered electricity generation gear-box work under bad environment, load condition is very complicated closely related.Impulsive load is the most important root that causes faults such as the early stage spot corrosion of gear, the early stage damage of bearing.Impulsive load is mainly derived from: the 1) real-time change of wind speed; 2) in running, need frequent braking (aerodynamic force brake), be not more than rated wind speed to guarantee wind speed; 3) emergency braking during the unexpected power down of electrical network.Instantaneous impulsive load may substantially exceed load rating.1.5 the long 34～37m of megawatt main force type wind energy conversion system individual blade, the every 6t that weighs.2.5/3.0 megawatt individual blade length reaches 50m.3 blade is very huge to the impulsive load that speedup box produces.Reduce the influence of impulsive load, just can reduce the rate of fault of speedup box speedup box.

Three, summary of the invention

The present invention is intended to effectively reduce the influence of impulsive load to wind power speed-increasing gearbox, reduces wind power speed-increasing gearbox gear, the suffered impulsive load of bearing, thereby reduces the rate of fault of wind power speed-increasing gearbox, improves its operating life and reliability.By load input shunting, improve the bearing capacity of gear of speed increasing box, bearing etc., reduce the volume of gear-box.The present invention is fit to the wind power speed-increasing gearbox transmission of new generation of MW class.

Blade diameter 70-100 rice, the individual blade 6t that can weigh.Because randomness or fitful wind that wind carries, the suffered load of blade changes.Usually need aerodynamics brake (change blade angle), rotating speed is limited in allowed limits.When wind speed during, or when the unexpected power down of electrical network, all need emergency braking greater than rated wind speed.Above-mentioned factor will cause blade to produce huge impact load, be applied on the speedup box.Impulsive load is the main root that causes the speedup box fault.Reduce the influence of impulsive load, just can reduce the rate of fault of speedup box speedup box.

The MW class speedup box generally adopts the one-level planet to add the secondary parallel axes at present, and the moment of torsion of its blade is passed to first order gear, passes to the second level again, passes to the third level again.First order gear speed is minimum, the moment of torsion maximum.First order planetary pinion must bear the huge moment of torsion from blade fully.

The present invention proposes the theory based on the load shunting, designs the transmission of megawatt-level wind motor speedup box.Its key technology is that the moment of torsion of blade is passed to first order gear and second level gear simultaneously, bears huge moment of torsion from blade simultaneously by first order gear and second level gear, must improve bearing capacity, makes structure become compacter.In speedup box transmission design, still there is not practice.

The present invention proposes a kind of megawatt-level wind speedup box.Adopt the secondary planet transmission, the scheme of one-level parallel axes can realize that first order gear and second level gear bear the moment of torsion of blade simultaneously, can realize the load shunting.The present invention can improve bearing capacity, makes structure become compact, makes the speedup box transmission of its suitable super large type wind-electric motor.After the choose reasonable parameter, the speedup scope can be in the scope of wind power speed-increasing gearbox requirement, and second level Gear Planet Transmission can be born 30% of total load.

The present invention proposes to inject elastic damping and forms additional degrees of freedom, reduces the influence of load impacting.The organization plan that elastic damping inject to form additional degrees of freedom can have multiple, can be applied to that axle is gone up, on the housing, or independent parts.

The present invention changes system performance by additional degrees of freedom, reduces the relevant impulsive load of internal system.Blade speedup box system has n degrees of freedom, and by injecting elasticity and damping, additional l degrees of freedom makes system have n+l degrees of freedom.After number of degrees of freedom is changed into n+l by n, inertial matrix [M], elastic matrix [K], damping matrix [C] all will change, and cause that the internal system characteristic will change, and particularly the coupling influence in the system will change.Being reflected in inertial matrix [M], elastic matrix [K], the damping matrix [C], is exactly K _{I, j}, M _{I, j}, C _{I, j}(i ≠ j) will change will cause that also the transmission of internal system power changes.To the wind-powered electricity generation gearbox system,, can be autotelic act on the power on the weak elements such as gear in the minimizing system by suitable variation.

When not considering damping, can tentatively derive the basic point displacement that acts on the impact moment on the gear-box after the additional degrees of freedom and inject elasticity and damping place:

$T_{1m}=\frac{I{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{n1}}{\sqrt{{(1-\frac{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="n"\; filenames="HSA00000184334200011.png,HSA00000184334200012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">n</figure-callout>}1}}{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{n2}})}^2+\frac{J_2}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="J"\; filenames="HSA00000184334200011.png,HSA00000184334200012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">J</figure-callout>}}_1}}},$ ${\mathrm{\&delta;}}_{2m}=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="I\; J"\; filenames="HSA00000184334200011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">I</figure-callout>}}{J_{}}{(1+\frac{\frac{J_2}{J_1}}{{(1+\frac{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="n"\; filenames="HSA00000184334200011.png,HSA00000184334200012.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">n</figure-callout>}1}}{{\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{n2}})}^2})}^{-\frac{1}{2}},$ ${\mathrm{\&omega;}}_{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="n"\; filenames="HSA00000184334200011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">n</figure-callout>}2}=\sqrt{\frac{K_{\mathrm{\&theta;}2}}{J_2}}---\left(1\right)$

In the formula: I is a momentum; J ₁, J ₂Rotary inertia.

Can analyze by formula (1) and to draw, when not having additional degrees of freedom, K _{θ 2}Rigidity is ∞, and impact moment is

Must satisfy T _1m＜T _{1 ∞}, illustrate that additional degrees of freedom can reduce the influence of impact.Impact moment T _1mThe amplitude size that reduces depends on ω _N1/ ω _N2According to preliminary computational analysis, can realize T by parameters optimization _1mReduce by 30%.Formula (1) has also shown stiffness K _{θ 2}Reduce T _1mCan reduce, but maximum distortion δ _1mJust increase.Additional degrees of freedom parameter need guarantee: maximum distortion δ _1m, Maximum Torque T _1mAnd maximum acceleration

Equal maximum distortion δ that allows less than injection elasticity _a, Maximum Torque T _aAnd maximum acceleration

Speed increment

Should be more than or equal to predetermined speed step amount

Real system certainly exists damping.When considering damping, it will be very complicated acting on the impact moment on the gear-box and the analytic solutions of basic point displacement, but can obtain numerical solution.The influence of damping impact moment and response is non-linear.When little damping ratio, vibration acceleration increases with damping and reduces.When big damping, when little damping ratio, acceleration increases with damping and reduces.Acceleration increases with damping.

Four, description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a wind power speed-increasing gearbox structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a wind power speed-increasing gearbox principle schematic of the present invention;

Fig. 3 injects elasticity and damping structure figure;

Fig. 4 is elasticity and damping unit schematic representation.

As shown in the figure, wherein 1 is central shaft, and 2,8,16 is bearing, and 3 is shell, and 4,12,15,17 is gear, and 5,11 is planetary pinion, and 6,10 is ring gear, and 7,9 is planetary carrier, and 13,14,18 is gear shaft, and 19 is elastic element, and 20 is damping member.

Five, embodiment

Below in conjunction with figure the installation and the use of patent of the present invention are described further.

A kind of wind power generation speed increasing box of the present invention, comprise gear, planetary pinion, ring gear, bearing and gear shaft, speedup box adopts secondary planet transmission and one-level parallel axes, gear 4, planetary pinion 5, ring gear 6, bearing 2 and gear shaft 18 are formed the transmission of first order planetary pinion, gear 17, planetary pinion 11 and ring gear 10 are formed second level planetary pinion transmission, gear 12, gear 15, bearing 16 and gear shaft 13,14 is the parallel-axes gears transmission, central shaft 1, planetary carrier 7 link with ring gear 10 and are one, and gear 4 links with planetary carrier 9 and is one.Have elastic component 19 and damping member 20 between the speedup box element, elastic element is spring, round and elastic or elastic mechanism.

First order gear and second level gear are born the moment of torsion of blade simultaneously, can realize the load shunting.The present invention can improve bearing capacity, makes structure become compact, makes the speedup box transmission of its suitable super large type wind-electric motor.After the choose reasonable parameter, the speedup scope can be in the scope of wind power speed-increasing gearbox requirement, and second level Gear Planet Transmission can be born 30% of total load.The present invention proposes to inject elastic damping and forms additional degrees of freedom, reduces the influence of load impacting.The organization plan that elastic damping inject to form additional degrees of freedom can have multiple, can be applied to that axle is gone up, on the housing, or independent parts, can be a place or many places.

Claims (2)

1. wind power generation speed increasing box, comprise gear, planetary pinion, ring gear, bearing and gear shaft, it is characterized in that speedup box adopts secondary planet transmission and one-level parallel axes, gear 4, planetary pinion 5, ring gear 6, bearing 2 and gear shaft 18 are formed the transmission of first order planetary pinion, gear 17, planetary pinion 11 and ring gear 10 are formed second level planetary pinion transmission, gear 12, gear 15, bearing 16 and gear shaft 13,14 is the parallel-axes gears transmission, central shaft 1, planetary carrier 7 links with ring gear 10 and is one, and gear 4 links with planetary carrier 9 and is one.

2. a kind of wind power generation speed increasing box according to claim 1 is characterized in that having elastic component between the speedup box element 19 and damping member 20, and elastic element is spring, round and elastic or elastic mechanism.

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