CN101871842A - Method for directly testing speed diversity factor and stagnant rate of turbine electro-hydraulic control system - Google Patents
Method for directly testing speed diversity factor and stagnant rate of turbine electro-hydraulic control system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for directly testing speed diversity factor and stagnant rate of a turbine electro-hydraulic control system, which adopts a direct testing mode to improve testing accuracy, simplify testing process and reduce operation difficulty. The method comprises the following steps: 1) determining a detecting point of load; 2) ensuring main steam pressure, temperature and vacuum of a turbine set to be rated values and keeping stable; 3) taking the set value of rotating speed of the turbine set in case of step change as a first record, reducing gradually load by adjusting the opening degree of a governing valve and recording test data until reaching empty load on the premise of keeping stable parameters of the turbine set; 4) increasing the load step by step in the same sequence until reaching full load and recording the corresponding data; 5) obtaining the relation curve of N-delta and N-epsilon for a steam turbine generator unit; 6) inspecting whether the parameters of the speed diversity factor and the stagnant rate of the turbine set meet the requirement of speed governing characteristics of the turbine in accordance with the relation curve of N-delta and N-epsilon; and 7) amending the flow compensated curve of the valve or the overlapping degree curve of the valve in accordance with the N-delta relation curve.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system speed diversity factor, the direct method of testing of dead-band.
Background technology
Progressively propelling along with nationwide integrated power grid networking process, for guaranteeing the safety and economic operation of electrical network, improve the controlling level of the quality of power supply and mains frequency, eliminate rapidly owing to network load changes the frequency jitter that causes, electrical network requires more and more higher to the primary frequency modulation of single unit, and existing fired power generating unit participation electrical network primary frequency modulation load operation curve is that development comes on the basis of former steam turbine hydraulic speed regulation system static characteristic curve, calculate the load adjustment amount of primary frequency modulation in strict accordance with steam turbine speed diversity factor, imitated the course of action of former machinery hydraulic system frequency modulation, but increased the restriction in dead band, when so both having guaranteed that grid cyclic wave fluctuates widely, the primary frequency modulation quick acting increases, subtract the requirement of unit load, prevented of the disturbance of primary frequency modulation frequent movement simultaneously, so the performance of primary frequency modulation depends on the speed diversity factor and the dead-band of turbine regulating system to the normal control of unit.In conventional rack, can obtain speed diversity factor and dead-band by the four-quadrant diagram of governing system envelope test; And in the existing electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system, the method that measures of relative standard does not also appear in disclosed document.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of direct test mode of speed diversity factor, dead-band at electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system in order to address the above problem, and has not only improved accuracy of test, but also has simplified test process, reduced operation easier.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system speed diversity factor, the direct method of testing of dead-band, its step is:
1) determine the load measuring point, to full load, measuring point is no less than 12 by the idling lotus;
2) guarantee under the rated load that unit main steam pressure, temperature, unit vacuum also keep stable at ratings;
3) step changes the generating unit speed set-point, makes speed discrepancy of existence of unit given rotating speed and unit rated speed
, and write down current unit load
N, speed discrepancy
, the pitch aperture
ZChange the load variations amount that causes owing to rotational speed setup with unit
, as the record first time;
3) keeping under the stable prerequisite of unit parameter, by predefined load measuring point, progressively reduce load by adjusting the pitch aperture, after each measuring point was stablized three to five minutes, record test data was until the idling lotus;
4) progressively increase load with same order,, write down corresponding data until at full capacity;
5) according to formula
And
Draw Turbo-generator Set
N-δ,
N-εRelation curve, wherein
,
ε,
δ,
N, N 0 , 
,
n 0 Be respectively unit load variable quantity, dead-band, speed diversity factor and current unit load, unit rated load, poor, the unit rated speed of generating unit speed;
6) basis
N-δ, N-εWhether parameters such as the speed diversity factor of relation curve check unit and dead-band satisfy the requirement of steam turbine speed control characteristic;
7) basis
N-δRelation curve correction valve flow compensated curve or valve degree of overlapping curve.
In described step 3), the step 4), it is identical with the process that progressively increases load progressively to reduce load, all reduce or increase according to the load variations value of setting, according to the actual conditions of Turbo-generator Set primary frequency modulation, this load variations value can be chosen between 50%-100% load.
Principle of the present invention is:
The static characteristics of 1 turbine regulating system and influence factor thereof
The governing system of steam turbine is when effect that is subjected to external interference such as load variations, will produce corresponding regulating action, after after a while, set up new balance, this is a kind of mobile equilibrium, this adjustment process that carries out the transition to another balance condition from a balance condition is called as the dynamic perfromance of regulating system, and adjustment process finishes to set up the static characteristics that the mutual relationship of each parameter of system after the new balance just is called as regulating system.
The static characteristics of tradition regulating system can be weighed by following parameters and series of curves: speed diversity factor, dead-band, static characteristic curve (four-quadrant diagram).These characterisitic parameters all can record by idling lotus, the load test of unit.Speed diversity factor δ is meant under the pairing static curve in a certain synchronizer position, the speed discrepancy when idling lotus working conditions change arrives rated loan condition and the ratio of rated speed:
In the formula,
n Max,
n Min,
n 0 Be respectively Turbo-generator Set idling lotus rotating speed, rated load rotating speed and rated speed (
).
The speed diversity factor is an important indicator of governing system, and in fact it is exactly the slope of the static characteristic curve △ N-△ n of governing system among Fig. 1.As shown in Figure 2, the unit that it has determined to be incorporated into the power networks after customer charge changes, the load distribution situation of each unit, the speed diversity factor is big more, the load that unit is born is more little, vice versa.From the curve of Fig. 2, we can also obtain as drawing a conclusion: the speed diversity factor is little, and the primary frequency modulation ability of unit is just big.In actual applications, the restriction of the scope of having chosen of speed diversity factor can not be too big, but also unsuitable too small.Too big, the ability of frequency modulation is just low: if but the speed diversity factor is too small, and when network load changed, this unit load amplitude of variation was just excessive, and correspondingly the temperature, pressure amplitude of variation is also excessive in the steam turbine, causes the damage of unit parts easily, reduces unit durability.Generally, the speed diversity factor is chosen between 3%-6%.
For electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system, because its system architecture and control mode and traditional regulating system are very different, therefore dynamic and static characteristic of its part and legacy system have certain difference, particularly its static characteristics is by the decision of the inner setting value of system software basically, even can also change easily.
In traditional regulating system, the impression of tach signal, transmission, amplification are all finished by mechanical part.Because these intermediate links exist factors such as friction force, joint gap each other, in fact are not the single-valued function in the ideal between the output of speed regulator and the generating unit speed.Therefore, actual governor characteristic is not one, but up characteristic and two curves of descending characteristic are arranged.Equally, because the pilot valve influence of crossing factors such as envelope degree, joint gap, neither single-valued function between the servomotor stroke is exported with speed regulator, between control valve opening and the servomotor stroke, the static characteristic of governing system curve of reality is as shown in Figure 3.
For weighing the order of severity of this factor, introduced this notion of dead-band.Briefly, dead-band
εBe exactly between the static characteristic curve of the family curve of rotating speed uphill process and rotating speed decline process under the same load generating unit speed poor
With rated speed it
n 0 Ratio:
When the static characteristic curve of governing system was band shape, the unit load changing value that dead-band causes was:
In the formula
,
ε,
δ,
N 1 Be respectively unit load changing value, dead-band, speed diversity factor and current unit load.
In electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system (DEH), because impression, transmission, the amplification of tach signal all are that computing machine and corresponding electron device are finished, its processing accuracy is very high, response speed is very fast, substantially do not have slow phenomenon, and the action of each servomotor all be by the response speed of separate configurations separately be exceedingly fast, slow minimum electrohydraulic servo valve control.In addition, each variable valve of DEH system by separately independently servomotor thereby do not have the institution of distributing gas to have the problem of friction force or joint gap by handling directly driving of seat yet.Therefore, have the factor of considerable influence to have only one of the friction force of variable valve and servomotor itself to DEH system dead-band, just because of this reason, the dead-band of DEH system is more much smaller than traditional regulating system.The dead-band of conventional hydraulic formula governing system is generally between 0.2 ~ 0.5%, and the dead-band of digital electrohydraulic control system is less than 0.1% usually.
Family curve by regulating system speed diversity factor and dead-band and the steam turbine that is incorporated into the power networks is as can be known:
In speed diversity factor four-quadrant diagram, can see that (1) variation of arbitrary curve in II, III, the IV quadrant all can change speed diversity factor characteristic.
(2) if the speed diversity factor of certain unit is little more than the average velocity diversity factor of electrical network, then when mains frequency changed, the load variations of this unit was violent especially.
(3) if the speed diversity factor of this unit is big more than the average velocity diversity factor of electrical network, then when mains frequency changed, the load variations of this unit was just very little.
(4) should make the speed diversity factor of the unit in the electrical network approaching as far as possible.
Therefore, when mains frequency changed, the power that the variation of mains frequency will make each steam turbine in the electrical network correspondingly increased according to separately static characteristic or reduces, thereby makes power supply and electricity consumption reach balance, also keeps the frequency of electrical network in certain scope simultaneously.
In electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system,, eliminated non-linear and slow problem basically because the links such as driving of the measurement links of rotating speed, rotational speed governor, servomotor have all reached suitable control accuracy.The subject matter that influences the electro-hydraulic control system accuracy is that the flow of control valve is non-linear.For example shown in Fig. 4-a, discontinuous by the flow of valve because the degree of overlapping between the valve that the order that is provided with in DEH is opened is improper, caused the irregularly shaped of static characteristic curve.Clearly local velocity's diversity factor is undesirable, and control characteristic is relatively poor.Under the situation of single valve operation,, also can cause similar result, shown in Fig. 4-b if the discharge characteristic correction is bad.The effective solution of this problem is that unit is carried out the valve flow characteristic test at present, with the discharge characteristic compensated curve among the data correction DEH that obtains.
The method of testing of 2 electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system speed diversity factors
2.1 the indirect test method of electric liquid regulation and control system speed diversity factor
Static characteristic curve is under the unit steady running condition, one timing of speed regulator setting value, the relation curve between steam turbine power and rotating speed.Make a unit operation in an electrical network that independently, does not have other unit to exist, have very big difficulty, even and have this condition also may not be feasible because when unit load takes place to change significantly, mains frequency also can change thereupon, so that exceeds allowed band.Therefore, static characteristic curve usually obtains by comprehensive no load test and load test.
At first be no load test: at steam turbine not under the situation of on-load, utilize the stable aperture of adjusting throttle of main valve bit instruction, promote the rotating speed of unit, obtain the aperture of main valve bit instruction X, throttle and the corresponding relation of generating unit speed n, as second and third quadrant among Fig. 1.
Next is load test: after Turbo-generator Set is incorporated into the power networks, by main valve bit instruction X, the aperture Z of control throttle, make unit load N be increased to rated load gradually by the idling lotus, in this process, require steam parameter constant near rating number, write down the main valve bit instruction under each steady working condition load, the aperture Z and the load parameter N of throttle, utilize the data of above-mentioned test gained, in the coordinate system identical, draw with Fig. 1
△ n-X, X-Z and variable valve family curve Z-N, and in first quartile, draw the static characteristic curve N-n of governing system thus.Just can draw out the relation curve of generating unit speed and load indirectly.This is the family curve of unit electricity liquid regulation and control system just, i.e. the curve of unit speed diversity factor.By above-mentioned test, can accurately draw the static characteristic curve of a DEH system in theory, but this method requires to stablize constant at the steam parameter of idling lotus and load test process at rating number and maintenance, therefore the comparison harshness of test condition will be carried out this test and still be had certain difficulty in actual production.
2.2 the direct method of testing of electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system speed diversity factor
Whether suitable the setting of unit speed diversity factor is can verify by actual tests.Because the speed diversity factor may be also incomplete same in each load point, the speed diversity factor of showing as not is an oblique line, but a curve has different slopes in each load point, i.e. the speed diversity factor of each load point and inequality.Definition according to local velocity's diversity factor:
In the formula, under the situation of certain load point, the variable power that the ratio and the rotation speed change of change in rotational speed (speed discrepancy or frequency difference) and rated speed causes and the stool and urine of the percentage of the ratio of the ratio of rated power are the incremental speed governor droops under this load.Thus, can carry out the speed diversity factor to the different load point easily measures.
Can get formula (5) by formula (3) equally can carry out dead-band to the different load point and measure:
In the formula
,
ε,
δ,
N 1 Be respectively unit load variable quantity, dead-band, speed diversity factor and current unit load.
Existing speed diversity factor, the method of testing of turbine regulating system key parameters such as dead-band mainly is to follow a kind of indirect test method that liquid transfers unit to propose, the test process complexity, big and the poor accuracy of difficulty, present most unit is electricity and transfers unit, still there is not a kind of standard method of accurate test above-mentioned parameter of standard, can't satisfy the machine net and coordinate the necessary turbine regulating system key parameter accuracy requirement of control, and the direct determination method of electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system speed diversity factor, can comparatively accurately measure the actual value of turbine regulating system at different load point, calculate, checking becomes accurate, reliably, simply, can adjust according to actual needs, satisfy the machine net and coordinate requirement.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the direct method of testing of speed diversity factor, dead-band is proposed first;
In unit main steam pressure, main steam temperature, reheat steam temperature, unit vacuum near ratings, move under the nominal situation when regenerative steam system of unit normally drops into, in different load point, step changes the generating unit speed set-point, makes speed discrepancy of existence of unit given rotating speed and unit rated speed
, and write down current unit load
N, speed discrepancy
, the pitch aperture
ZChange the load variations amount that causes owing to rotational speed setup with unit
, try to achieve speed diversity factor, dead-band under this load by formula (4), (5), and then draw the speed diversity factor of different load point, the corresponding relation of dead-band.
2, propose first
N-δ,
N-εRelation curve;
Can basis
N-δ,
N-εParameters such as the speed diversity factor of actual measurement relation curve verification unit and dead-band; To survey
N-δCurve is with theoretical
N-δThe curve contrast is according to departing from situation correction valve flow compensated curve or valve degree of overlapping curve.
3, actual by revising and improving
N-δCurve makes it approach theoretical curve, gives full play to the primary frequency modulation function, coordinates and the grid stability requirement to satisfy the machine net.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a governing system characteristic four-quadrant diagram;
Fig. 2 is incorporated into the power networks the unit speed diversity factor to meeting the influence of distribution;
Fig. 3 is the curve (dead-band) of actual static characteristic;
Fig. 4 a is the static characteristic of sequence valve flow when discontinuous;
Fig. 4 b is the static characteristic of single valve flow when non-linear;
Fig. 5 is a unit load
N-speed diversity factor
δTest curve;
Fig. 6 is a unit load
N-dead-band
εTest curve;
Fig. 7 is a unit load
N-speed diversity factor
δActual test curve.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment.
The precondition of the inventive method is:
1, turbodynamo is incorporated into the power networks, and grid cyclic wave is more stable;
2, unit main steam pressure, main steam temperature, reheat steam temperature, unit vacuum are near ratings and keep basicly stable.
3, the regenerative steam system of unit normally drops into.
4, unit is operation under the operating mode of single valve or sequence valve (selecting operation under the nominal situation).
Two, Ce Shi concrete steps are:
1) determine the load measuring point, to full load, measuring point generally is no less than 12 by the idling lotus;
2) check under the rated load that unit main steam pressure, temperature, unit vacuum also keep stable near ratings;
3) step changes the generating unit speed set-point, makes speed discrepancy of existence of unit given rotating speed and unit rated speed
, for example get
=1/12Hz, and write down current unit load
N, speed discrepancy
, the pitch aperture
ZChange the load variations amount that causes owing to rotational speed setup with unit
, as the record first time;
3) keep under the stable prerequisite of unit parameter, by predefined load measuring point, progressively reduce load by adjusting the pitch aperture, after each measuring point was stablized three to five minutes, record test data was until the idling lotus;
4) progressively increase load with same order,, write down corresponding data until at full capacity;
5) according to formula
And
Draw electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system
N-δ,
N-εRelation curve, wherein
,
ε,
δ,
N, N 0 , 
,
n 0 Be respectively unit load variable quantity, dead-band, speed diversity factor and current unit load, unit rated load, poor, the unit rated speed of generating unit speed, specifically see Fig. 5, Fig. 6;
6) basis
N-δ, N-εWhether parameters such as the speed diversity factor of relation curve check unit and dead-band satisfy the requirement of steam turbine speed control characteristic;
7) basis
N-δRelation curve correction valve flow compensated curve or valve degree of overlapping curve.
Because the actual conditions of the primary frequency modulation of steamer mechanical electronic hydraulic regulation and control system, effective stable operation for unit and electrical network, unit participates in the requirement that primary frequency modulation has load limit, the load of unit generally just participates in primary frequency modulation between 50%～100%, unit load does not participate in primary frequency modulation during less than 50% rated load, regulate operation for indifference, at this moment its speed diversity factor is 0.Speed diversity factor test can be carried out between 50% and 100% load, as every variation 5% of loading once measures, and promptly can more at length obtain the roughly situation of speed diversity factor, provides foundation for further adjusting.Equally, according to the actual input situation of unit primary frequency modulation, can require steam parameter and the vacuum situation more than unit band 50% rated load to be issued to ratings, unit is easier like this controls, reduced operation easier, the accuracy of measurement of speed diversity factor is higher, sees Fig. 7.
Claims (2)
1. an electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system speed diversity factor, the direct method of testing of dead-band is characterized in that its step is:
1) determine the load measuring point, to full load, measuring point is no less than 12 by the idling lotus;
2) guarantee under the rated load that unit main steam pressure, temperature, unit vacuum also keep stable at ratings;
3) step changes the generating unit speed set-point, makes to have a speed discrepancy between unit given rotating speed and unit rated speed
, and write down current unit load
N, speed discrepancy
, the pitch aperture
ZChange the load variations amount that causes owing to rotational speed setup with unit
, as the record first time;
3) keeping under the stable prerequisite of unit parameter, by predefined load measuring point, progressively reduce load by adjusting the pitch aperture, after each measuring point was stablized three to five minutes, record test data was until the idling lotus;
4) progressively increase load with same order,, write down corresponding data until at full capacity;
5) according to formula
And
Draw Turbo-generator Set
N-δ,
N-εRelation curve, wherein
,
ε,
δ,
N, N 0 , ,
n 0 Be respectively unit load variable quantity, dead-band, speed diversity factor and current unit load, unit rated load, poor, the unit rated speed of generating unit speed;
6) basis
N-δ, N-εThe speed diversity factor of relation curve check unit and the requirement whether the dead-band parameter satisfies the steam turbine speed control characteristic;
7) basis
N-δRelation curve correction valve flow compensated curve or valve degree of overlapping curve.
2. electrohydraulic steam turbine controlling system speed diversity factor as claimed in claim 1, the direct method of testing of dead-band, it is characterized in that, in described step 3), the step 4), it is identical with the process that progressively increases load progressively to reduce load, all reduce or increase according to the load variations value of setting, according to the actual conditions of Turbo-generator Set primary frequency modulation, this load variations value is chosen between 50%-100% load.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102999673A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-27 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | Method for plotting water temperature-power output curve of generator |
| CN103089342A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-08 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Steam turbine and speed regulating system model parameter correcting method thereof |
| CN103671361A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-26 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Dead band property measuring device and method for steam turbine electro-hydraulic regulating system |
| CN105322561A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-02-10 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Primary frequency modulation control method and apparatus for achieving dynamic adjustment based on grid frequency fluctuation amplitude |
| CN108843409A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-11-20 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of preparation method for the steam turbine incremental speed governor droop that is incorporated into the power networks |
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| CN103089342A (en) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-05-08 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Steam turbine and speed regulating system model parameter correcting method thereof |
| CN102999673A (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2013-03-27 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | Method for plotting water temperature-power output curve of generator |
| CN102999673B (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2015-03-18 | 上海电气电站设备有限公司 | Method for plotting water temperature-power output curve of generator |
| CN103671361A (en) * | 2013-12-20 | 2014-03-26 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Dead band property measuring device and method for steam turbine electro-hydraulic regulating system |
| CN105322561A (en) * | 2014-06-10 | 2016-02-10 | 国网山西省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Primary frequency modulation control method and apparatus for achieving dynamic adjustment based on grid frequency fluctuation amplitude |
| CN108843409A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-11-20 | 国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of preparation method for the steam turbine incremental speed governor droop that is incorporated into the power networks |
| CN109782584A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-05-21 | 杭州澎康自动化科技有限公司 | A kind of pumping back type steam turbine self-adjusting control |
| CN113657738A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-11-16 | 国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院 | Method for checking whether actual measurement load curve of coal-fired unit reaches standard |
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| CN101871842B (en) | 2011-08-10 |
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