CN101871058A - 一种金属基自润滑复合材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种金属基自润滑复合材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101871058A CN101871058A CN 201010205761 CN201010205761A CN101871058A CN 101871058 A CN101871058 A CN 101871058A CN 201010205761 CN201010205761 CN 201010205761 CN 201010205761 A CN201010205761 A CN 201010205761A CN 101871058 A CN101871058 A CN 101871058A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- self
- graphite
- metal
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound 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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种金属基自润滑复合材料，镀铜石墨粉4～10％，青铜粉90～96％，其中镀铜石墨粉中铜和石墨的比例是铜30～50％、石墨50～70％。该复合材料的制备方法是在钢基体上预烧结一层球形青铜粉，将镀铜石墨粉、青铜粉按上述比例混合，搅拌后均匀涂布在基体表面，以氢气为保护气氛初烧成型，在轧制处理后进行复烧，初烧和复烧的温度制度是在700～850℃保温0.5～1小时。本发明高强度耐磨自润滑复合材料中石墨的分布均匀、界面结合良好，材料整体兼有良好的机械性能和和摩擦性能。同时，该复合材料的使用可大量节约有色金属材料，降低成本，而且不含铅，绿色环保，可用于制造自润滑滑动轴承、滑道板。
Description
一种金属基自润滑复合材料及其制备方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及自润滑复合材料领域，具体是一种金属基自润滑复合材料及其制备方 法。
背景技术
[0002] 石磨具有较高的导电性、导热性、润滑性和高温强度及高熔点（常压不熔化， 3500°C直接升华）等许多优良性质，因此用途广泛，特别是与金属制成的复合材料，这是目 前研究的热门课题。由于其减摩和防咬合性能好，可作为各种轴承和滑动部件的新材料及 导电材料，如铜_石墨复合材料，铝-硅-铜-石墨复合材料等。
[0003] 以铜-石墨复合材料为例，铜-石墨复合材料具有良好的导电性、导热性及优越的 润滑性能，被广泛用作电刷材料、电触头材料及滑动轴承，由于滑动轴承工作条件特殊，要 求材料具有自润滑、耐磨性和高强度，但目前的铜_石墨复合材料还很难同时满足这些高 性能的要求。传统制备工艺制造此类复合材料，一般采用粉末冶金法和液态冶金法。若采 用粉末冶金法，即将石墨粉与铜粉通过机械混合，由于金属粉末与石墨粉末密度差别大，石 墨粉末凝聚性强，分散性差，故混合不容易均勻，易产生偏析。同时，由于石墨和铜及其合金 两相不润湿，石墨与铜及其合金热膨胀系数（a石墨=4〜6X10_6/k)差异大，易产生大的 热应力，导致界面结合不良，因而对复合材料性能影响较大，使其使用寿命难以提高。所以， 用粉末冶金法制成的复合材料很难达到这种组织要求。若采用液态冶金法，由于石墨与铜 在1100°C和铝在980°C时的润湿角分别高达140°C和136°C，石墨很难分散于铜合金和铝硅 合金中，并易产生偏析，故也应需要改善石墨与铜、铝合金的润湿性。
[0004] 中国发明专利CN1367269A公开了一种金属自润滑复合材料及其制备方法，其中 添加了一定比例的PbO。首先，铅属于有害物质，铅及其氧化物将逐步被禁止使用；其次， PbO在常温下摩擦系数比较大，只有在400°C以上时才会体现出优于MoS2的润湿性。有研 究表明其具有良好润滑性的温度范围是480〜850°C，属于高温润滑组元序列，因此，产品 的生产和应用领域有限。
发明内容
[0005] 为了克服现有铜基石墨复合材料的界面结合力弱和石墨偏析问题，本发明提供了 一种金属基自润滑复合材料及其制备方法。
[0006] 本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：一种金属基自润滑复合材料，包括下述组分，其 质量百分比为：
[0007] 镀铜石墨粉4〜10%
[0008] 青铜粉 90〜96%
[0009] 所述镀铜石墨粉中铜和石墨的质量比为：铜30〜50%、石墨50〜70%。
[0010] 一种金属基自润滑复合材料的制备方法，按下述步骤制备而成：在钢基体上预烧 结一层球形青铜粉，将镀铜石墨粉、青铜粉按上述比例混合，搅拌后均勻涂布在基体表面，以氢气为保护气氛初烧成型，在轧制处理后进行复烧，初烧和复烧的温度制度是在700〜 850°C保温0. 5〜1小时。
[0011] 所述保护气氛是由氨气分解得到。
[0012] 所述镀铜石墨粉是通过化学镀铜在石墨的表面沉积一层铜涂层。
[0013] 镀铜石墨粉通过表面的化学镀铜层与基体的金属化结合，在减摩层形成均勻连续 的空间三维网络，并使石墨均勻弥散分布。由于石墨表面镀铜层的存在，改善石墨与合金之 间的润湿性，显著地降低不良润湿产生的裂缝，对基体的切割作用。凭借良好的界面结合性 能，避免了因简单机械结合而产生的固体润滑剂提前脱落、分布不均所导致润滑失效现象。 从而保证自润滑效果，延长实用寿命。
[0014] 其次，在摩擦机理上的改善，传统材料的润滑机理是表面挤压后，固体润滑剂颗粒 完全从基体耐磨层上脱离下来，然后再对偶件上行层固体润滑润滑膜，其特点是石墨润滑 膜与耐磨层发生摩擦。本发明所制备的材料，由于镀层的存在，有效地防止了固体润滑剂整 体从耐磨层上脱落，其特点是表面受挤压后，表层石墨部分发生脱落并在对偶件上形成转 移膜，同时，在耐磨层上未脱落的石墨也会形成润滑膜，由此一来，新技术将转变以往耐磨 基体与转移润滑膜之间的摩擦方式，即青铜层与石墨发生摩擦，取而代之的是两摩擦副表 面同时存在的固体润滑膜之间的摩擦，即石墨与石墨发生摩擦，因此进一步提高了摩擦性 能。
[0015] 为了进一步增加表层材料与基体的结合强度，在基体与表层之间设置金属化中间 层，如球形铜粉，以增加表层与基体的接触面积。
[0016] 本发明区别现有技术的有益效果是：本发明高强度耐磨自润滑复合材料中石墨的 分布均勻、界面结合良好，材料整体兼有良好的机械性能和和摩擦性能。同时，该复合材料 的使用可大量节约有色金属材料，降低成本，而且不含铅，绿色环保，可用于制造自润滑滑 动轴承、滑道板。
具体实施方式
[0017] 下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解释说明，将有助于对本发明进一步的理 解，本发明的保护范围不受这些实施例的限定，本发明的保护范围由权利要求书来限定。
[0018] 实施例1
[0019] (1)在钢基体上预烧结一层球形青铜粉，将成分为6%镀铜石墨粉和94%无铅青 铜粉，通过机械高速搅拌混合均勻后，以5mm厚度涂布于基体表面。
[0020] (2)在以分解氨气为保护气氛的烧结炉中烧结成型，温度700〜850°C，保温1小 时，然后进行轧制处理。
[0021] (3)在以分解氨气为保护气氛的烧结炉中复烧，在700〜850°C温度下保温1小 时，冷却后调平整形。
[0022] 实施例2
[0023] 选用8%镀铜石墨粉和92%无铅青铜粉，制备方法同实施例1。
[0024] 实施例3
[0025] 选用8%镀铜石墨粉、91%无铅青铜粉和纳米二氧化硅，制备方法同实施例1。
[0026] 按上述配方和工艺所制得的产品的摩擦磨损性如表1，机械性能如表2所示。[0027] 表1摩擦磨损性能参数
[0028]
实验
[0029] 测试条件：MPX-2000型摩擦磨损试验机，载荷300N，转速0. 634m/s,时间2小时，
温度是室温。
[0030] 表2力学性能参数
[0032] 以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此， 任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其 发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (5)
- 一种金属基自润滑复合材料，其特征在于，包括下述组分，其质量百分比为：镀铜石墨粉 4～10％青铜粉 90～96％。
- 2.根据权利要求1所述的金属基自润滑复合材料，其特征在于，所述镀铜石墨粉中铜 和石墨的质量比为：铜30〜50%、石墨50〜70%。
- 3. 一种金属基自润滑复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，按下述步骤制备而成：在钢 基体上预烧结一层球形青铜粉，将镀铜石墨粉、青铜粉按上述比例混合，搅拌后均勻涂布在 基体表面，以氢气为保护气氛初烧成型，在轧制处理后进行复烧，初烧和复烧的温度制度是 在700〜850°C保温0. 5〜1小时。
- 4.根据权利要求3所述的金属基自润滑复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述保护 气氛是由氨气分解得到。
- 5.根据权利要求3所述的金属基自润滑复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述镀铜 石墨粉是通过化学镀铜在石墨的表面沉积一层铜涂层。
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| CN105290407A (zh) * | 2015-11-17 | 2016-02-03 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | 锡青铜-钢背自润滑耐磨双金属材料及其制备方法 |
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| CN109136622A (zh) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-01-04 | 大同新成新材料股份有限公司 | 一种受电弓滑板材料的制备方法 |
| CN109666857A (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-23 | 江西洪达自润滑轴承有限公司 | 一种具有极低摩擦系数的平面滑动轴承及其制备方法 |
| CN110983167A (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-04-10 | 陕西易莱德新材料科技有限公司 | 一种耐磨损的轴承材料及其制备方法 |
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