CN101864537A - Ultra-high-strength 9Ni steel for cryogenic environment and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-high-strength 9Ni steel for cryogenic environment and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to ultra-high-strength 9Ni steel for cryogenic environment and a preparation process thereof. The 9Ni steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.01 to 0.2 percent of C, 0.05 to 0.35 percent of Si, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.0070 of P, less than or equal to 0.0040 percent of S, 8.5 to 10.0 percent of Ni, 0.02 to 0.05 percent of Al, 0.0 to 2.0 percent of Cu and the balance of Fe and impurity elements. A cast blank with the same components as those of the 9Ni steel is subjected to heating, heat preservation, controlled rolling, controlled cooling and thermal processing to prepare the finished sheet material. The 9Ni steel has yield strength of over 710MPa, tensile strength of over 780MPa and impact power at the temperature of 196 DEG C below zero of over 120J, has a microstructure of martensite, ferrite and retained austenite and can effectively improve the comprehensive performance of LNG ships or LNG pipes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention be specifically related to a kind of under cryogenic environment (below 196 ℃) have the superstrength 9Ni steel and the preparation technology thereof of excellent toughness.
Background technology
Along with the industrialized development of China, China has become energy demand big country, and is wherein huge with the demand of Sweet natural gas especially, and general comparing with oil with coal because of Sweet natural gas has lower CO
2Quantity discharged belongs to clean energy, and Sweet natural gas is huge at the occurring in nature reserves, for a long time sustainable utilization.So the ratio of Sweet natural gas in China's power supply constantly increases.Present China has built up and 13 of the LNG that builds (storage natural gas liquids) receiving stations, Liquefied Natural Gas Import 3,336 in 2008,405 tons.But in the transportation and storage process of Sweet natural gas, need to adopt a large amount of LNG ships and LNG pipeline.The general cryogenic environment that adopts such as common LNG ship and pipeline uses the 9Ni steel as structured material.But, LNG steel dependence on import under the most cryogenic environments of present stage China, not only can solve the present situation of the long-term dependence on import of China LNG steel if realize the production domesticization of LNG steel, also help to alleviate the energy problem of China, and also help domestic special gas (as methane, ethane and propane etc.) and the storage and the transportation of some Organic Chemicals.
Existing cryogenic environment with the 9Ni rigidity can be generally as described in Veritas's standard, promptly yield strength is greater than 480MPa, tensile strength is greater than 640MPa ,-196 ℃ of impacts are laterally greater than 27J, vertically greater than 41J.These performance index only can satisfy the needs of general application, and are unsuitable for using in some specific environment.
For this reason, domestic and international many Steel Plant all attempt developing and to have the more cryogenic environment of premium properties 9Ni steel, as publication number be the patent of invention of JP2002012951 promptly propose a kind of have good in the 9Ni steel of high-temperature behavior, chemical ingredients and mass percent thereof that this steel grade comprises are divided into: C 0.02～0.10%, Si≤0.10%, Mn 0.2～1.0%, P≤0.01%, S 0.0005～0.003%, Ni 7.5～10.0%, Al 0.01～0.08%, and Mo 0.05～0.5% and Cr 0.05～0.5%.The shortcoming of this steel grade is to add a large amount of noble metal elements such as Mo and Cr, has increased production cost.
And for example, the patent of invention of publication number CN101215668A proposes a kind of manufacture method of low-carbon (LC) 9Ni steel thick plate, chemical ingredients and mass percent thereof that the related 9Ni ladle of this case contains are divided into: C 0.02-0.04%, Si0.15～0.30%, Mn 0.5～0.9%, Ni 8.9～9.5%, P≤0.01% and S≤0.005%, its preparation technology is: direct 580 ℃ of tempering are 1 hour after the rolling and quenching, adopt water-cooled (DQ+T) after the tempering; Perhaps 800 ℃ of insulations were quenched in 1 hour after the rolling and quenching, 580 ℃ of insulation tempering shrend (DQ+QT) in 1 hour; Perhaps 800 ℃ of insulations were quenched in 1 hour after the rolling and quenching, and 670 ℃ of insulations were quenched in 1 hour, 1 hour water-cooled (DQ+QLT) of 580 ℃ of insulation tempering.The yield strength of low-carbon (LC) 9Ni steel thick plate is less than 710MPa in this case, and tensile strength is less than 720MPa, and-196 ℃ of ballistic works are between 150-250J.Therefore, though this 9Ni composition of steel is simple, the heat treating method variation, tensile strength still has much room for improvement.
And for example, the patent of invention of publication number CN101058842A proposes a kind of method that improves toughness of low temperature steel plate, chemical composition and mass percent thereof that the low temperature steel plate that it relates to comprises are respectively: C≤0.07%, Si 0.01～0.40%, Mn 0.20～0.90%, Ni 8.50～10.00%, Mo≤0.50%, P≤0.004% and S≤0.002%, its preparation technology is: 880 ℃ of insulation shrends more than 15 minutes of thermal treatment, 650～700 ℃ of insulation shrends more than 15 minutes, 620～570 ℃ of insulations air cooling or cool off more than 30 minutes greater than air cooling speed.The low temperature steel plate yield strength that this case is made is less than 630MPa, and tensile strength is less than 720MPa, and-196 ℃ of ballistic works are between 230～270J.Its shortcoming is: single phase region thermal treatment temp (880 ℃) is higher, increases energy consumption and production cost; The strength of materials has much room for improvement.
Therefore, in sum as can be known, all there are many deficiencies in the performance and the preparation technology thereof of existing 9Ni steel, demand urgently improving.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of superstrength 9Ni steel that is applied to cryogenic environment, it has excellent in toughness and superelevation yield strength in the cryogenic environment below-196 ℃, and cost is low, and preparation technology is succinct, thereby has overcome deficiency of the prior art.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
A kind of superstrength 9Ni steel that is applied to cryogenic environment, it is characterized in that: chemical ingredients and mass percent thereof that this superstrength 9Ni ladle is drawn together are respectively: C 0.01～0.2%, Si 0.05～0.35%, Mn0.1～1.0%, P≤0.0070%, S≤0.0040%, Ni 8.5～10.0%, Al 0.02～0.05%, Cu 0.0～2.0%, and surplus Fe and impurity element.
Say further: in the sheet material of making by described superstrength 9Ni steel, be tempered martensite+residual austenite along the metallographic structure in transverse section.
The thickness of described sheet material is 20mm.
Another object of the present invention is to propose the technology that a kind of preparation is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment as mentioned above, its technical scheme is as follows:
Be applied to the preparation technology of the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment, it is characterized in that, the step that this technology comprises is:
Get to have and be heated to 1180～1250 ℃, insulation 1～3h with the above-mentioned strand that is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel same composition of cryogenic environment;
Strand is carried out two stage rolling, and wherein the start rolling temperature of roughing is 1050～1100 ℃, and overall compression ratio is 30～60%, and the start rolling temperature of finish rolling is 850～900 ℃, and overall compression ratio is 50～70%;
The sheet material that forms after rolling the finishing is chilled to below 200 ℃ with the control of 10～30 ℃/s speed of cooling;
Cooled sheet material is heat-treated, that is, sheet material is incubated 0.5～6h tempering at 550～680 ℃, or sheet material is quenched in 550～800 ℃ of insulations and/or tempering insulation 0.5～9h.
Say that further in this technology, the sheet material that forms after rolling the finishing is to enter the laminar flow cooling to carry out water-cooled.
Say that further in this technology, when the sheet material that forms carries out water-cooled, open cold temperature at 800～900 ℃ after to rolling finishing, final cooling temperature is below 200 ℃.
In this technology, the process that cooled sheet material is heat-treated is specially: sheet material at 600～680 ℃ of insulation 0.5～3h, is incubated tempering (DQ+LT) in 0.5～3 hour at 550～590 ℃ thereafter.
In this technology, the process that cooled sheet material is heat-treated specifically comprises the steps: at first, and sheet material is quenched behind 750～800 ℃ of insulation 0.5～3h; Sheet material 600～680 ℃ insulation 0.5～3h after quenched thereafter; At last, with sheet material quenching (QLT) behind 550～590 ℃ of tempering insulation 0.5～3h.
In this technology, the process that cooled sheet material is heat-treated is: sheet material is quenched behind 750～800 ℃ of insulation 0.5～3h, and (QL) then once more quenches behind 600～680 ℃ of insulation 0.5～3h.
The described preparation process that has with the strand of the above-mentioned superstrength 9Ni steel same composition that is applied to cryogenic environment is: by the described chemical constitution proportioning raw materials for metallurgy that is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment, and raw materials for metallurgy smelted, casts, until forming strand.
This chemical constitution and preparation technology's flow process that is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment of following combination describes principle of the present invention.
At first, the component and the effect thereof that contain of this superstrength 9Ni ladle that is applied to cryogenic environment is respectively:
C: carbon is stronger solution strengthening element, can significantly improve armor plate strength, carbon can improve austenitic stability simultaneously, but reduce toughness and plasticity, obviously worsen the steel plate welding property, in the chemical composition design of deck of boat steel, have good welding property, good low-temperature impelling strength in order to make steel plate, must reduce the carbon content in the steel, make it be controlled at lower limit.
Si: silicon plays the solution strengthening effect in steel, improves the intensity of steel plate, can put forward high-carbon activity, promote ferrite to form, thereby carbon is diffused in the residual austenite, so silicon helps formation and the stability of residual austenite in the 9Ni steel, suppress cementite simultaneously and form.But the low-temperature flexibility and the welding property of the too high meeting of element silicon grievous injury steel plate.
Mn: manganese is the displaced type alloying element, and by the intensity of solution strengthening crystal grain thinning raising steel, manganese can enlarge γ region in the Fe-C phasor simultaneously, plays the stable austenite effect.But during the manganese too high levels, be easy to form the segregation tissue, harmful to the performance of steel, manganese reduces the activity of carbon in the austenite in addition, promotes the formation of carbide.
S: sulphur is deleterious inclusion forming element in the steel, the formation with inclusiones such as MnS often distributes along rolling direction, because it has destroyed the continuity of steel, significantly reduce ductility and toughness, the aggravation anisotropy, the infringement weldability, its influence degree is aggravated with the raising of sulphur content, so the sulphur content of will taking measures to reduce, the sulphur content of Japanese 9Ni steel grade generally is controlled at below 0.002%.
P: phosphorus is grain boundary segregation element important in the steel, has great detrimental effect for low-temperature impact toughness and welding property.The phosphorus content of Japan 9Ni steel grade generally is controlled at below 0.005%, and the 9Ni steel phosphorus content that Nippon Steel and JFE produce generally is controlled at below 0.002%.
Al: aluminium content is the element that the 9Ni steel explicitly calls for, general requirement Al
t〉=0.018%.Al is reductor in steelmaking process, also can form the effect that the AlN particle plays crystal grain thinning.
Ni: nickel is topmost alloying element in the 9Ni steel, it also is austenite former, can enlarge the austenitic area, reduce the Ar3 temperature, nickel element diffusion and be enriched in austenite inside when tempering, can the stable residual austenite after the cooling, thus impelling strength under the cryogenic environment improved greatly.
Cu: copper can increase the intensity of steel plate, can improve the solidity to corrosion of steel plate simultaneously.During suitable temper, the Cu that can access small and dispersed separates out, and plays the effect of precipitation strength.Cu also can improve the stability of residual austenite simultaneously.The present invention considers the raising day by day to the security of LNG hull or LNG pipeline, requires to strengthen the intensity of LNG with steel, therefore introduces the Cu element first, is used to improve the intensity of 9Ni steel.
Secondly, consider P and S content in the suitability for industrialized production 9Ni steel process, particularly P content is difficult to reduce, the present invention has developed (P≤0.007% under P and the higher condition of S content, S≤0.004%) technology of production 9Ni steel, it is by adopting controlled rolling and process for cooling (TMCP) and heat treating method on panel production line, reach 710～760MPa, tensile strength and reach 780～810MPa ,-196 ℃ ballistic work thereby made yield strength greater than 120J, and superstrength 9Ni steel with microstructure of martensite+ferrite+residual austenite.It needs to be noted that in the technology of the present invention, the Heating temperature of continuously cast bloom is 1180～1250 ℃, heat-up time, 1～3h guaranteed fully solid solution of alloying element on the one hand, prevented that on the other hand phenomenon from appearring growing up unusually in austenite.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) yield strength of traditional 9%Ni steel is 600-630MPa, and tensile strength is 680-720MPa, and Nippon Steel improves the chemical ingredients of 9%Ni steel and introduces after the molybdenum element, and yield strength is 630-670MPa, and tensile strength is 720-750MPa.The present invention has entered the Cu element on chemical composition, be used to improve the intensity of steel plate.Avoid using a large amount of rare valuable molybdenum elements, armor plate strength further gets a promotion simultaneously, reaches yield strength greater than 715MPa, and tensile strength is greater than 785MPa.Because Cu can increase the stability of residual austenite, can precipitation strength through Overheating Treatment, so for the ballistic work of thermal treatment process of the present invention under-196 ℃ of cryogenic environments all greater than 79J, particularly use optimized thermal treatment process after, can guarantee that ballistic work is greater than 120J.
2) the present invention is looser for the p and s content requirement, makes suitability for industrialized production 9%Ni steel relax for the requirement of smelting, and has reduced the difficulty of suitability for industrialized production.At P≤0.0070%, under the condition of S≤0.0040%, according to chemical composition of the present invention and thermal treatment process, the ballistic work under-196 ℃ of cryogenic environments satisfies Veritas and ATSM Valuation Standard.
3) the present invention has developed three kinds of thermal treatment process such as QLT and DQ+LT and QL etc. for having considered industrial physical condition, is fit to different steel rolling and heat-treatment production lines respectively.
The present invention can significantly reduce the LNG deck of boat or tubing thickness, and effectively promotes its welding property, thereby is alleviating hull mass, when increasing the hull transportcapacity, significantly improves the safety performance of LNG hull or LNG pipeline.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is the metallographic structure figure of embodiment 1;
Figure 1B is the TEM scintigram of embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 A is the metallographic structure figure of embodiment 2;
Fig. 2 B is the TEM scintigram of embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is the metallographic structure figure of embodiment 3;
Fig. 4 is microstructure and the Mechanics Performance Testing graphic representation of embodiment 1～3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and the specific embodiments technical scheme of the present invention is described further.
Embodiment 1
The composition that this superstrength 9Ni ladle that is applied to cryogenic environment contains is (wt%): C 0.09%, Si0.07%, Mn 0.34%, P 0.007%, S 0.004%, Ni 9.16%, Cu 1.25%, Al 0.025%, and surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
This preparation technology who is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment is:
By the chemical constitution preparation raw materials for metallurgy of the above-mentioned superstrength 9Ni steel that is applied to cryogenic environment, and with raw materials for metallurgy through smelting, after the casting, forming the slab of thickness 110mm;
Slab is put into the process furnace internal heating, and Heating temperature is 1180 ℃, insulation 2h;
Carry out two stage rolling after slab is come out of the stove, wherein, 1000 ℃ of roughing start rolling temperatures treat that temperature thickness is 61mm, 890 ℃ of finish rolling start rolling temperatures, and rolling back steel plate thickness is 20mm;
The sheet material that forms after the hot rolling enters the laminar flow cooling and carries out water-cooled, and is cooled to rapidly below 200 ℃ with the speed of cooling of 15 ℃/s;
Cooled sheet material adopts 780 ℃ of insulation 1h to quench, and 600 ℃ of insulation 1h quench, and 570 ℃ of tempering insulation 1h quench (QLT600 ℃), finally form the thick finished product sheet material of 20mm.
Embodiment 2
This is applied to the chemical ingredients of the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment, rolling and process for cooling and embodiment 1 roughly the same, but its thermal treatment process adopts 780 ℃ of insulation 1h to quench, 635 ℃ of insulation 1h quench 570 ℃ of tempering insulation 1h quenchings (QLT635 ℃).
Embodiment 3
This is applied to the chemical ingredients of the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment, and is rolling similar to embodiment 1 with process for cooling, but thermal treatment process adopts 750 ℃ to be incubated the 1h quenching, and 670 ℃ of insulation 1h quench 570 ℃ of tempering insulation 1h quenchings (QLT670 ℃).
Embodiment 4
This is applied to the chemical ingredients of the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment, and rolling and process for cooling is with embodiment 1, but its thermal treatment process adopts 635 ℃ of insulation 1h to quench, 570 ℃ of tempering insulation 1h quench (DQ+LT635 ℃).
Embodiment 5
This is applied to the chemical ingredients of superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment and rolling and process for cooling with embodiment 1, but its thermal treatment process adopts 670 ℃ of insulations to quench in 1 hour, 570 ℃ of tempering insulations quenched in 1 hour (DQ+LT670 ℃).
The composition that this superstrength 9Ni ladle that is applied to cryogenic environment contains is (wt%): C 0.05%, Si0.24%, Mn 0.64%, P 0.007%, S 0.004%, Ni 8.92%, Cu 0.02%, Al 0.02%, and surplus is Fe and unavoidable impurities element.
This preparation technology who is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment is:
By the chemical constitution preparation raw materials for metallurgy of the above-mentioned superstrength 9Ni steel that is applied to cryogenic environment, and with raw materials for metallurgy through smelting, after the casting, forming the slab of thickness 110mm;
Slab is put into the process furnace internal heating, and Heating temperature is 1180 ℃, insulation 2h;
Carry out two stage rolling after slab is come out of the stove, wherein, 1000 ℃ of roughing start rolling temperatures treat that temperature thickness is 61mm, 890 ℃ of finish rolling start rolling temperatures, and rolling back steel plate thickness is 20mm;
The sheet material that forms after the hot rolling enters the laminar flow cooling and carries out water-cooled, and is cooled to rapidly below 200 ℃ with the speed of cooling of 15 ℃/s;
Cooled sheet material adopts 800 ℃ of insulation 1h to quench, and 660 ℃ of insulation 1h quench, and 580 ℃ of tempering insulation 1h quench (QLT660 ℃), finally form the thick finished product sheet material of 20mm.
It is as shown in table 1 that the foregoing description 1～6 makes the mechanical property of finished product sheet material.And the residual austenite content of embodiment 1～3 and tensile property are seen Fig. 4, and by seeing among this figure, residual austenite content reaches maximum value after 635 ℃ of two-phase regions (QLT635 ℃ and DQ+LT635 ℃) are handled.Can see by Figure 1B and Fig. 2 B, residual austenite after heat treatment is evenly distributed on the crystal boundary position of martensite lath, thermal treatment becomes finer and closely woven to the martensite plate through two-phase region, and crystal grain is more tiny evenly, and the performance of material under cryogenic environment was the most reliable and the most stable after therefore 635 ℃ of two-phase regions were handled.Also can be seen by Figure 1B and Fig. 2 B simultaneously having a large amount of tiny and uniform Cu particle precipitates in the structure of steel of embodiment 1-3, the Cu precipitate of these small and disperseds has improved the intensity of 9Ni steel significantly.
Table 1 embodiment 1～6 is applied to the over-all properties of the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment
Annotate: inside and outside the table bracket is the mean value of-196 ℃ of three ballistic works, is the minimum value of three ballistic works in the bracket.
Above embodiment only is used to illustrate content of the present invention, and in addition, the present invention also has other embodiments.But all employings are equal to replaces or technical scheme that the equivalent deformation mode forms all drops in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. superstrength 9Ni steel that is applied to cryogenic environment, it is characterized in that: chemical ingredients and mass percent thereof that this superstrength 9Ni ladle is drawn together are respectively: C 0.01～0.2%, Si 0.05～0.35%, Mn 0.1～1.0%, P≤0.0070%, S≤0.0040%, Ni 8.5～10.0%, Al 0.02～0.05%, Cu 0.0～2.0%, and surplus Fe and impurity element.
2. the superstrength 9Ni steel that is applied to cryogenic environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the sheet material of being made by described superstrength 9Ni steel, be tempered martensite+residual austenite along the metallographic structure in transverse section.
3. the superstrength 9Ni steel that is applied to cryogenic environment according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the thickness of described sheet material is 20mm.
4. preparation technology who is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment according to claim 1 is characterized in that the step that this technology comprises is:
Get to have and be heated to 1180～1250 ℃, insulation 1～3h with the above-mentioned strand that is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel same composition of cryogenic environment;
Strand is carried out two stage rolling, and wherein the start rolling temperature of roughing is 1050～1100 ℃, and overall compression ratio is 30～60%, and the start rolling temperature of finish rolling is 850～900 ℃, and overall compression ratio is 50～70%;
The sheet material that forms after rolling the finishing is chilled to below 200 ℃ with the control of 10～30 ℃/s speed of cooling;
Cooled sheet material is heat-treated, that is, sheet material is incubated 0.5～6h tempering at 550～680 ℃, or sheet material is quenched in 550～800 ℃ of insulations and/or tempering insulation 0.5～9h.
5. the preparation technology who is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment according to claim 1 according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in this technology, the sheet material that forms after rolling the finishing is to enter the laminar flow cooling to carry out water-cooled.
6. the preparation technology who is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment according to claim 1 according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in this technology, when the sheet material that forms after to rolling finishing carries out water-cooled, open cold temperature at 800～900 ℃, final cooling temperature is below 200 ℃.
7. the preparation technology who is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment according to claim 1 according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in this technology, the process that cooled sheet material is heat-treated is specially: sheet material at 600～680 ℃ of insulation 0.5～3h, is incubated tempering in 0.5～3 hour at 550～590 ℃ thereafter.
8. the preparation technology who is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment according to claim 1 according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in this technology, the process that cooled sheet material is heat-treated specifically comprises the steps: at first, and sheet material is quenched behind 750～800 ℃ of insulation 0.5～3h; Sheet material 600～680 ℃ insulation 0.5～3h after quenched thereafter; At last, sheet material is quenched behind 550～590 ℃ of tempering insulation 0.5～3h.
9. the preparation technology who is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment according to claim 1 according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in this technology, the process that cooled sheet material is heat-treated is: sheet material is quenched behind 750～800 ℃ of insulation 0.5～3h, quench once more behind 600～680 ℃ of insulation 0.5～3h then.
10. the preparation technology who is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment according to claim 1 according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described preparation process that has with the strand of the above-mentioned superstrength 9Ni steel same composition that is applied to cryogenic environment is: by the described chemical constitution proportioning raw materials for metallurgy that is applied to the superstrength 9Ni steel of cryogenic environment, and raw materials for metallurgy smelted, casts, until forming strand.
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Denomination of invention: Ultra high strength 9Ni steel used in cryogenic environment and its preparation process Effective date of registration: 20220721 Granted publication date: 20120321 Pledgee: China Construction Bank Zhangjiagang branch Pledgor: INSTITUTE OF RESEARCH OF IRON & STEEL, JIANGSU PROVINCE/SHA-STEEL, Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2022320010411 |