A kind of method and apparatus of built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting
Technical field
The invention belongs to the reduction iron production technical field, relate to the method and apparatus of fused reduction iron-smelting, be specifically related to a kind of method and apparatus of built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting.
Background technology
Fused reduction iron-smelting is the important component part of Iron and Steel Production, its principal feature is as the disposable energy and reductive agent with mill coal, the oxide compound of iron is reduced under molten state, have briquet replacing coke, flow process is short, environmental pollution is little, construction investment is few, advantages such as production cost is low, by extensively good in the industry field, the iron and steel enterprise of various countries competitively researchs and develops.The method of existing fused reduction iron-smelting mainly contains COREX method (CN1010323B), DIOS method (CN1035136A), HISELT method (CN1037542A).COREX method suitability for industrialized production wherein, other two kinds of methods are still under test.But all ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction, since aspects such as energy consumption height, production cost height, difficult and blast furnace technology competition.
Granted publication number is that the Chinese patent of CN2697565Y discloses a kind of " electric-arc furnace steelmaking continuous charging scrap preheater ", its electric arc furnace is made of body of heater and electrode, its continuous charging steel scrap preliminary heating device is made up of preheating channel, water-cooled feeding trough etc., high-temperature flue gas in the electric arc furnace and the raw material in the preheating channel directly carry out heat exchange, can improve the preheating temperature of charging, save the energy.But this method is only utilized the sensible heat in the flue gas, can't utilize the chemical energy of the CO that produces in the steelmaking process.
The applicant provides a kind of method and apparatus of fused reduction iron-smelting in for 200810079661.2 application for a patent for invention at application number, with natural nugget ore deposit or ore agglomerates is raw material, the coal gas that produces with reduction process is as reductive agent and thermal barrier, raw material enters end reducing furnace and carries out whole reduction reaction after reacting through pre-reducing furnace.Enter end reducing furnace after bubbing process gas treatment equipment processing of coming out in pre-reducing furnace top and the high temperature heat exchanger heating.The device of fused reduction iron-smelting includes pre-reducing furnace, gas treatment equipment and at least one end reducing furnace.This patent application makes full use of waste heat, saves the energy, uses two end reducing furnace alternate runs, the production efficiency height.Many the melting and reducing equipment combination producing but this patent application is unrealized are unfavorable for expanding the scale of production utilize resources synthetically.The applicant is the application for a patent for invention of 200910075372.x at number of patent application, has introduced a kind of " melting and iron-smelting device of heat storage type electric arc furnace ".This patent application is for " device of the described heat storage type electric arc furnace deoxy iron-smelting of 2~8 covers is combined and installed together, and installation form is for being arranged side by side or being circular layout; Press close to install between two electric arc bodies of heater or be connected and installed with pipeline, be provided with connecting hole between the body of heater, the connection hole is provided with push-pull valve ".But this technology is the electric arc furnace operation, need expend a large amount of electric energy, and the equipment requirements harshness.The present invention is the improvement on foregoing invention patent application basis.
Summary of the invention
For making the total energy approach of fused reduction iron-smelting process, reduce energy expenditure, enlarge working ability simultaneously, reduction equipment and production cost the invention provides a kind of method and apparatus of built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting.
The method of built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting of the present invention, process is: reduced material places reducing and smelting furnace, the operation that is cascaded of 2~20 reducing and smelting furnaces, each reducing and smelting furnace heats, reduction and fusion process, each reducing and smelting furnace is in different processes, and circulation is carried out successively.The reducing and smelting furnace that is in fusion process is with fuel and combustion-supporting gas incomplete combustion heat fused molten iron and produce reducing gas, reducing gas and fusion process bubbing are transported in the reducing and smelting furnace that is in reduction process by connecting pipeline and reduce as reductive agent, the CO of the surplus of flue gas and reduction process is delivered to by connecting pipeline in the reducing and smelting furnace that is in heat-processed, and the thermophore by both sides replaces air feed and burns and heat reduced material.
Reduced material is natural lump ore or ore agglomerates.Artificial rich ore is carbon containing dressing pelletizing, breathing shell, dressing post or cellular carbon containing or non-carbon containing forming composition.Breathe oxide compound and carbonaceous material and catalyzer that shell contains iron, the involucrum of breathing shell is that limestone powder, rhombspar powder or silicate powder glue with tackiness agent and form.Tackiness agent is the mixture of silicon sol, water glass, phosphoric acid or aluminum oxide or above-mentioned substance.The dressing post is open column shape body or spherule, and the cross section of dressing post is circle, rectangle or Polygons, and the hollow of open column shape body or spherule is 1~100.The dressing post contains ferriferous oxide and carbonaceous material and catalyzer, and the dressing of dressing post is limestone powder, rhombspar powder, silicate powder, or their mixture adding tackiness agent is made.
Fuel is geseous fuel, liquid fuel or solid fuel, or the combination of above-mentioned three kinds or two kinds fuel.Solid fuel is coal dust or coke powder.Combustion-supporting gas is oxygen or air.
Processing condition of the present invention are conventional ironmaking technique of fusion and reduction condition.The reducing and smelting furnace that last time is in heat-processed carries out reduction process in next cycle, the last time is in the body of heater of reduction process, and next cycle carries out fusion process, and the last time finishes in the reducing and smelting furnace next cycle of melting and feeds and heat-processed.Can select two reducing and smelting furnace series connection to connect operation, wherein a reducing and smelting furnace carries out melting and reduction process, and another reducing and smelting furnace carries out the heat-processed of material, after finishing, and two reducing and smelting furnace technological process exchanges.
For realizing aforesaid combination formula method for melting reduction iron making, the invention provides a kind of built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting device, comprise reducing and smelting furnace and supporting apparatus for feeding, discharging equipment, fuel and combustion-supporting gas supply arrangement and exhaust emission system.The top of reducing and smelting furnace is provided with oxygen/fuel oil atomizer, opening for feed, and opening for feed has the charging lock, and the bottom is provided with discharge port, and the discharge port place is provided with the discharging lock.The reducing and smelting furnace both sides are connected with thermophore, are provided with gas spout between reducing and smelting furnace and the thermophore.2~20 reducing and smelting furnaces are installed in series by connecting pipeline, and a side of every reducing and smelting furnace is provided with high temperature valve, and the two ends of thermophore are connected with exhaust emission system with gas blower respectively by T-valve.
Reducing and smelting furnace is the structure or the structure that is arranged side by side of being circular layout.Oxygen/fuel oil atomizer is the combination of geseous fuel burner, liquid fuel burner, solid fuel burner or above-mentioned burner.The outside of the connecting pipeline of reducing and smelting furnace is provided with thermal insulation layer.Per three or per two reducing and smelting furnaces are provided with one group the shared thermophore of active, and the shared thermophore butt joint of active is installed to the reducing and smelting furnace that is in heat-processed.Per three or the shared cover oxygen/fuel oil atomizer of per two reducing and smelting furnaces, the shared oxygen of active/fuel oil atomizer butt joint is installed to the reducing and smelting furnace that is in fusion process.
Described device also is provided with gas processing device, and described gas treatment equipment comprises gas reservoir, cleaner, water cooler and recirculation blower.Gas processing device can purify and storage and reduction gas, is used for the unnecessary reducing gas of storage process, replenishes reducing gas to device when reducing gas is not enough, keeps smelting reduction process continual and steady.
Compared with prior art, built-up type method for melting reduction iron making of the present invention, many reducing and smelting furnace cooperations, the bubbing that fusion process produces is used for the reduction process reduction, utilize the waste heat and the flammable composition burning of the residue heating raw of melting and reduction process, the fusion process bubbing is fully utilized, saves the energy.Reducing and smelting furnace is furnished with thermophore, utilizes thermophore to reclaim the waste heat of discharging in the flue gas, and the heating combustion air makes Btu utilization reach optimizing.Built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting device, many reducing and smelting furnaces are united setting, and it is little to take floor space, saves the space, makes full use of the general facilities resource, in limited space enlargement industrial scale, improves ironmaking throughput.Built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting device can two or three combinations, also can many combination, and can be arranged side by side according to concrete site condition reducing and smelting furnace and to install or the installation that is circular layout, the handiness of construction is good.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the reducing and smelting furnace structural representation;
Fig. 3 overlooks for reducing and smelting furnace and the gas schema;
Fig. 4 is another program reducing and smelting furnace connection state synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic flow sheet of 9 reducing and smelting furnace modular appliances of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting device structural representation that is arranged side by side;
Fig. 7 is a dressing post sectional view;
Fig. 8 is circular dressing column section figure;
Fig. 9 is rectangle dressing column section figure;
Figure 10 is hexagon dressing column section figure.
Wherein:
1-connecting pipeline, 2-high temperature valve, 3-reducing and smelting furnace, 4-oxygen/fuel oil atomizer, 5-charging lock, 6-opening for feed, 7-discharging lock, 8-discharge port, 9-gas spout, 10-thermophore, 11-gas blower, the outlet of 13-thermophore, 14 (a, b)-T-valve, 16-dressing post, 17-dressing, 18-are hollow, material, the circular dressing post of 20-, 21-rectangle dressing post, 22-Polygons dressing post in the 19-dressing.
Concrete body embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
Built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting device of the present invention as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, shown in, comprise 3 reducing and smelting furnaces 3 and supporting apparatus for feeding, discharging equipment, fuel and combustion-supporting gas supply arrangement and exhaust emission system, for being circular layout.The top of reducing and smelting furnace is provided with oxygen/fuel oil atomizer 4, opening for feed 6, and opening for feed has charging lock 5, and the oxygen fuel nozzle is the geseous fuel burner.The bottom of reducing and smelting furnace is provided with discharge port 8, and the discharge port place is provided with discharging lock 7.Every reducing and smelting furnace both sides are connected with thermophore 10, and heat storage is arranged in the thermophore, are provided with gas spout 9 between reducing and smelting furnace and the thermophore.Be installed in series by connecting pipeline 1 between the reducing and smelting furnace, a side of every reducing and smelting furnace is provided with high temperature valve 2.The two ends outlet 13 of thermophore is connected with exhaust emission system with gas blower 11 by T-valve 14a, 14b.The body of heater of reducing and smelting furnace and the outside of connecting pipeline are provided with thermal insulation layer.
The operation scheme of built-up type fused reduction iron-smelting device is, utilizes apparatus for feeding by opening for feed 6 iron ore to be packed in the reducing and smelting furnace 3 that draws off molten iron.As shown in Figure 3, be in remaining CO heating iron ore raw material in the flue gas of reducing and smelting furnace of reduction process and the reducing gas with the front, the heating flame process produces flue gas and enters heat storage in the thermophore 10 preheating thermophore of upside through gas spout 9, discharges to blowdown system through T-valve 14a.Commutation then, the combustion air that gas blower produces through T-valve 14a to the upside thermophore, heat storage in the thermophore is emitted the heat warm-up combustion-supporting air, combustion-supporting in the air admission reducing and smelting furnace 3 after the preheating, the flue gas of generation is through the downside thermophore, and T-valve 14b discharges to blowdown system, preheating downside accumulation of heat heat storage wherein, utilize the action of T-valve to carry out switch operation, both sides thermophore alternate run, automatization is carried out.Enter reduction process with behind the material heat temperature raising to 750 ℃~800 ℃, this moment, the front reducing and smelting furnace was in fusion process.The CO that utilizes the fusion process incomplete combustion to produce reduces to the iron ore raw material, contains the flue gas that remains CO and is in the heat-processed reducing and smelting furnace to the next one through connecting pipeline 1 and heats iron ore.After finishing, reduction enters fusion process.At fusion process, oxygen and fuel gas mix the back and spray into incomplete combustion heating the reducing and smelting furnace from oxygen/fuel oil atomizer 4, and the iron fusing after the reduction is separated with slag iron, and molten iron enters discharging equipment from discharge port 8 outflows.In fusion process, this reducing and smelting furnace to the high temperature valve 2 between the reducing and smelting furnace that is in heat-processed is closed, and avoids reducing gas directly to enter in the reducing and smelting furnace that is in heated condition.The gas that produces reduces material in the reducing and smelting furnace that is in reduction process through connecting pipeline 1, in this manner, last one-period is in the reducing and smelting furnace next cycle of heat-processed and carries out reduction process, the reducing and smelting furnace next cycle that last time is in reduction process carries out fusion process, finish the reducing and smelting furnace of melting and emit molten iron, reload the heat-processed that reduced material carries out next cycle, this process circulation is continuously carried out.
Embodiment 2
Another embodiment of the present invention is made up of with the equipment and the system that match two reducing and smelting furnaces as shown in Figure 4.Two reducing and smelting furnace series connection connect operation, and wherein a reducing and smelting furnace 3 carries out melting and reduction process, and another reducing and smelting furnace carries out the heat-processed of material, after finishing, and two reducing and smelting furnace process exchanges.Present embodiment 16 reduced materials are the dressing post, and as Fig. 7, shown in Figure 8, the dressing post is the open column shape body structure, and the dressing 17 of dressing post is glued with tackiness agent by limestone powder and forms, and tackiness agent is a silicon sol.Material 19 is for the powdered iron ore pressure ball forms, hollow 18 being convenient to gas communication and heating of dressing post in the dressing.Utilize apparatus for feeding by opening for feed 6 with the dressing post pack into the left side reducing and smelting furnace 3 in.The reducing and smelting furnace on right side is in the retailoring process, and the reducing and smelting furnace in left side carries out raw material heat-processed.Incomplete combustion heating in the reducing and smelting furnace fusion process of right side is heated in the reducing and smelting furnace on the left of the flue gas of generation and reducing gas enter through connecting pipeline 1.Heat-processed is utilized gas blower, by thermophore the waste heat of flue gas is passed to combustion air, and air and the heating of the inflammable gas mixed firing from the gas that the right side reducing and smelting furnace is come dressing post material are heated to 750 ℃~800 ℃.Close gas blower, stop the work of thermophore, the left side reducing and smelting furnace enters the retailoring process, and the right side was finished melting process and emitted molten iron from discharge port 8 and load onto reduced material and carry out heat-processed this moment.The left side reducing and smelting furnace is by spraying into fuel and combustion air from oxygen/fuel oil atomizer 4, and fuel is coal dust, carries out incomplete combustion heating, makes the iron fusing after the reduction.The flue gas and the inflammable gas of being come by the left side fusion process provide heat and fuel for the dressing post material in the reducing and smelting furnace of right side.When reducing gas is not enough, replenish reducing gas, realize the reduction fully of reduced material from gas processing device.The reducing and smelting furnace on right side infeeds hot blast by thermophore, and the combustiblecomponents in the combustion product gases adds thermal material.Carry out slag iron after material melts fully in the reducing and smelting furnace in left side and separate, emit molten iron to discharging equipment, reinstall new raw material and carry out heat-processed from discharge port 8.The reducing and smelting furnace on right side enters the retailoring process after finishing heating.