CN101858878A - Tubular soil moisture measuring sensor and measuring method - Google Patents
Tubular soil moisture measuring sensor and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a tubular soil moisture measuring sensor and a measuring method. The tubular soil moisture measuring sensor comprises a detection tube, a high-frequency signal transmitter, a transmission line equivalent network circuit, two wave detecting circuits, a signal amplifying circuit and a double-circular ring probe, wherein the signal receiving end of the transmission line equivalent network circuit is connected with the signal transmitting end of the high-frequency signal transmitter; a signal transmission line of the transmission line equivalent network circuit is connected with the double-circular ring probe; the signal input ends of the two wave detecting circuits are respectively connected with both ends of the transmission line equivalent network circuit; and the signal amplifying circuit is connected with the detected wave output ends of the wave detecting circuits. When the tubular soil moisture measuring sensor is used for measuring, the double-circular ring probe needs to extend into the detection tube buried in soil, and then the water content of the soil can be detected according to a standing wave principle; and the tubular soil moisture measuring sensor has the advantages of small disturbance on the detected soil profile, convenient detection, relatively simple circuit, lower cost than that of a foreign soil moisture tester, convenient debugging and suitability for wide regions in China.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the soil moisture measurement field, relate in particular to a kind of tubular type soil profile moisture measurement sensor and measuring method that soil profile is measured.
Background technology
The monitoring soil moisture technology is widely used in the important monitoring project such as agricultural, water conservancy, meteorology, forestry and ecology.The soil moisture measurement technology is the important techniques guarantee that saving water, resisting drought is implemented.Tubular soil moisture measuring sensor and surveying instrument then are the important technical that realizes variable irrigation and soil moisture content (damage caused by a drought) monitoring.
Continuous development along with new and high technology, the soil moisture detection technology comprises TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) Time Domain Reflectometry technology and FDR (Frequency Domain Reflectometry) frequency domain reflection technology, and these two kinds of technology have obtained using widely in determining soil moisture.Early stage TDR technology is inserted probe in soil, send the mensuration that the travel-time of electromagnetic wave in soil realize soil moisture content by measuring probe; The FDR technology is to analyze soil moisture content by the conduction and the decay of probe induced electromagnetic wave in soil.
The mode that traditional soil moisture measurement unit utilizes probe directly to contact with soil detects the water cut of soil; this metering system operation is fairly simple; but this detection mode mainly contains shortcoming and is: must excavate the layering that soil profile just can carry out sensor and bury underground; time-consuming during detection; effort; and Chinese region wide soil class complexity; external tubular soil moisture measuring sensor can not given the calibration characteristic in all kinds of soil of China; often measuring accuracy can not get guaranteeing; add that price is higher; technical protection is untimely etc., should not be in Chinese wide popularization and application.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, provide a kind of utilize Principle of Standing-wave, advanced technology, circuit simple, be adapted at tubular type soil profile moisture measurement sensor and the detection method thereof that use the China's Mainland.
In order to address the above problem, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of tubular soil moisture measuring sensor, comprise: sound-pipe, high-frequency signal transmitter, transmission line circuit of equivalent network, detecting circuit, signal amplification circuit, two annulus probe, the signal receiving end of described transmission line circuit of equivalent network is connected with the signal transmitting terminal of high-frequency signal transmitter; The signal transmssion line of transmission-line equivalent circuit connects two annulus probes; Described two detecting circuit signal input parts are connected to the two ends of transmission line circuit of equivalent network, and described signal amplification circuit links to each other with the detection wave output terminal of described detecting circuit; Described sound-pipe is embedded in the soil to be measured, and described pair of annulus probe contacts with the sound-pipe inwall.
Preferably, described transmission line circuit of equivalent network comprises first capacitor, second capacitor and the 3rd capacitor in parallel in turn, the described first capacitor input end is electrically connected with described high-frequency signal source output terminal, the output terminal of described the 3rd capacitor is electrically connected with the end of sensor probe, wherein first capacitor and the second capacitor tie point ground connection.
Preferably, described signal amplification circuit is a differential amplifier circuit, and the two paths of signals input end of described differential amplifier circuit detects wave output terminal with described detecting circuit respectively and is connected.
Preferably, the two annulus probes of described sensor are made up of two coaxial stainless steel annulus, described two stainless steel annulus are divided into anodal annulus and negative pole annulus, the center of described negative pole annulus is connected with the signal transmssion line of transmission-line equivalent circuit, and described anodal circle ring center place is connected with the signal transmssion line of transmission-line equivalent circuit by negative pole circle ring center.
A kind of soil water-containing measuring method based on tubular soil moisture measuring sensor comprises:
Two annulus probes are stretched into sound-pipe, move two annulus probes in sound-pipe, the high-frequency signal transmitter is by two annulus launching electromagnetic waves;
When signal amplification circuit signal output part sense transmission line circuit of equivalent network produces standing wave, the potential difference (PD) at transmission line circuit of equivalent network two ends;
Calculate the specific inductive capacity of tested soil according to the potential difference (PD) of described detection;
Calculate the acquisition volumetric water content of soil according to the funtcional relationship of specific inductive capacity and volumetric water content of soil.
Preferably, described electromagnetic wave is transmitted into the external world by the anodal annulus of two annulus probes.
The present invention utilizes the measured medium medium dielectric constant microwave medium to change this principle with soil moisture content and adopts Principle of Standing-wave mensuration soil moisture content.Tubular soil moisture measuring sensor sends high-frequency signal by described high-frequency signal transmitter, by detecting circuit the variation of specific inductive capacity is converted to DC voltage output, the DC voltage of output (0-100%Vol) in the working range of broadness is fixed a number really with soil moisture content and is learned relation, realize the accurate measurement of volumetric water content of soil, measuring accuracy is ± 2%.Sensor probe of the present invention adopts two annulus metal probes, sound-pipe is embedded in the soil to be measured, only two annulus metal probes need be stretched into to measure in the sound-pipe during measurement and get final product, little to the soil profile disturbance that is observed, easy to detect, and circuit is simple relatively, and price is lower than external soil moisture tester, debugging is convenient, is adapted at using in the Chinese vast region.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is transmission line circuit of equivalent network figure of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a tubular soil moisture measuring sensor equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
For above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be become apparent more, the present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Schematic block circuit diagram of the present invention comprises high-frequency signal transmitter 11, transmission line circuit of equivalent network 12, two detecting circuits 13, differential amplifier circuit 14, two annulus probe 15 as shown in fig. 1.Wherein high-frequency signal transmitter 11 sends the high frequency sinusoidal electromagnetic wave signal of 100MHZ, this signal transfers to two annulus probes 15 through transmission line circuit of equivalent network 12, described pair of annulus probe 15 is made up of two coaxial stainless steel annulus, two annulus are enclosed within on the cylinder axis of PVC material, described stainless steel circle diameter is 42mm, and length is 220mm; Described sound-pipe material is homemade PVC engineering plastics, and internal diameter is 42mm, and external diameter is 44.3mm, pipe range 1m, 2m or 3m.Two stainless circle ring center places are connected with the signal transmssion line of transmission line circuit of equivalent network 12, high frequency sinusoidal electromagnetic wave signal is transmitted into the external world by the anodal annulus of the two annulus probes in center, electromagnetic wave sees through sound-pipe tube wall soil to be measured around and propagates, and received by the annular circular ring negative pole, because the impedance and the probe impedance of transmission line circuit of equivalent network do not match, the part electromagnetic wave reflects back into transmission-line equivalent circuit in probe and transmission-line equivalent circuit junction along signal transmssion line, the stack of incident wave and reflection wave forms standing wave on transmission-line equivalent circuit, incident wave when forming standing wave and reflection wave are converted into d. c. voltage signal through detecting circuit 13 with high frequency electromagnetic wave signal respectively, input to signal amplification circuit, after the zeroing and amplification of signal amplification circuit, produce the differential DC voltages output signal of 0-2.5V, detect the voltage output signal, utilize the volumetric water content of soil in the loam and the relation (being calibration equation) of sensor output voltage to set up the cubic polynomial between volumetric water content of soil and the sensor output voltage, be θ
V=0.0438V
3-0.1334V
2+ 0.278V-0.0306 the present invention comes measured soil moisture by measuring standing wave ratio on the transmission line circuit of equivalent network just.
Referring to Fig. 1, incident wave during standing wave and reflection wave produce direct current signal through the detecting circuit 13 (detecting circuit adopts external state-of-the-art detuner integrated circuit (IC) chip) that is connected transmission line circuit of equivalent network 12 two ends respectively, input to signal amplification circuit 14, after the zeroing and amplification through described signal amplification circuit 14, produce the differential DC voltages signal output of 0-2.5V, the present invention utilizes the difference direct current signal of output through the demarcation of tubular soil moisture measuring sensor in soil, set up the cubic polynomial relation between soil volumetric(al) moisture content and the sensor output voltage, be θ
V=0.0438V
3-0.1334V
2+ 0.278V-0.0306.
Fig. 2 is the transmission line circuit of equivalent network.An available inductance capacitance network equivalent on the transmission line circuit of equivalent network principle.L, C are the equivalent transmission line parameter, C
1Be the input capacitance of transmission line, C
2Be transmission line load.The selection of component values is on working frequency points, LC series resonance, LC
1Parallel resonance.Can determine the L value according to this principle, the value of C is determined by test according to the external structure of type of sensor and two annulus probes.
Transmission line circuit of equivalent network 12 can equivalence be one section uniform coaxial transmission line.Any one section uniform coaxial transmission line is divided into many differential section dz, for uniform transmission line, because its distribution parameter is equally distributed along the line, and because the length of line element dz is extremely short, so can will regard a lumped circuit as, and next equivalent with a Г type network, its equivalent electrical circuit is as shown in Figure 3
When the length of described equivalent coaxial transmission line equals four of wavelength X/for the moment, the crest of standing wave and trough are just at the two ends of equivalent coaxial transmission line, equivalence coaxial transmission line length determines that by test must assurance produce standing wave thereon, the potential difference (PD) at two ends is:
In the following formula, Z
CBe the characteristic impedance of transmission line, Z
LThe characteristic impedance of tubular soil moisture measuring sensor probe, the numerical value of A depends on the amplitude of high frequency oscillator, is steady state value.So the potential difference (PD) at transmission two ends is proportional to reflection coefficient ρ under the constant situation of A, and the available standing wave ratio of ρ is expressed as in transmission line theory:
So the soil moisture measurement method that the present invention will realize just can realize based on the measuring method of standing wave ratio principle.
The probe of tubular soil moisture measuring sensor belongs to the regular transmission line, and the present invention studies show that the characteristic impedance Z of tubular soil moisture measuring sensor probe
LAs shown in the formula:
Because the sonde configuration of sensor is coaxial circle ring, satisfy inequality by its characteristic of geometric configuration analysis: ZS＞ZL＞ZC;
Z
CBe the characteristic impedance of concentric cable,
Z
SBe the characteristic impedance of biaxial cable,
Wherein R is the outer conductor radius, and r is the inner wire radius, and ε is the specific inductive capacity of megohmite insulant in the cable.
Force relation principle according to folder, the span that can determine K is 2＞K＞1.
If the specific inductive capacity in the concentric cable is ε
γ 0, the specific inductive capacity of medium is ε in the probe, promptly obtains:
Because of selected probe is a stainless steel material, ε
γ 0=1, then:
Wherein ε is the relative dielectric constant of soil, water and air potpourri.
Therefore pass through the voltage difference at sense transmission line circuit of equivalent network two ends
Can measure the DIELECTRIC CONSTANT of soil, determine volumetric water content of soil according to the funtcional relationship of volumetric water content of soil and soil dielectric constant more at last.
Therefore, the technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content on the instructions, also has the concrete technical application scheme of much determining according to its claim.The above only is a preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. tubular soil moisture measuring sensor, it is characterized in that, comprise: sound-pipe, high-frequency signal transmitter, transmission line circuit of equivalent network, detecting circuit, signal amplification circuit, two annulus probe, the signal receiving end of described transmission line circuit of equivalent network is connected with the signal transmitting terminal of high-frequency signal transmitter; The signal transmssion line of transmission-line equivalent circuit connects two annulus probes; Described two detecting circuit signal input parts are connected to the two ends of transmission line circuit of equivalent network, and described signal amplification circuit links to each other with the detection wave output terminal of described detecting circuit; Described sound-pipe bury underground with soil to be measured in, described pair of annulus popped one's head in and contacted in the sound-pipe inwall.
2. tubular soil moisture measuring sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described transmission line circuit of equivalent network comprises first capacitor, second capacitor and the 3rd capacitor in parallel in turn, the described first capacitor input end is electrically connected with described high-frequency signal source output terminal, the output terminal of described the 3rd capacitor is electrically connected with the end of sensor probe, wherein first capacitor and the second capacitor tie point ground connection.
3. tubular soil moisture measuring sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described signal amplification circuit is a differential amplifier circuit, and the two paths of signals input end of described differential amplifier circuit detects wave output terminal with described detecting circuit respectively and is connected.
4. tubular soil moisture measuring sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the two annulus probes of described sensor are made up of two coaxial stainless steel annulus, described two stainless steel annulus are divided into anodal annulus and negative pole annulus, the center of described negative pole annulus is connected with the signal transmssion line of transmission-line equivalent circuit, and described anodal circle ring center place is connected with the signal transmssion line of transmission-line equivalent circuit by negative pole circle ring center.
5. the soil water-containing measuring method based on tubular soil moisture measuring sensor is characterized in that, comprising:
Two annulus probes are stretched into sound-pipe, move two annulus probes in sound-pipe, the high-frequency signal transmitter is by two annulus launching electromagnetic waves;
When signal amplification circuit signal output part sense transmission line circuit of equivalent network produces standing wave, the potential difference (PD) at transmission line circuit of equivalent network two ends;
Calculate the specific inductive capacity of tested soil according to the potential difference (PD) of described detection;
Calculate the acquisition volumetric water content of soil according to the funtcional relationship of specific inductive capacity and volumetric water content of soil.
6. according to the described soil water-containing quantity measuring method of claim 5, it is characterized in that described electromagnetic wave is transmitted into the external world by the anodal annulus of two annulus probes.
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| CN 200910132677 CN101858878B (en) | 2009-04-07 | 2009-04-07 | Tubular soil moisture measuring sensor and measuring method |
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| CN103901182A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-02 | 北京林业大学 | Multi-section tubular frozen soil sensor and frozen soil detection system |
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| US10725019B2 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2020-07-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Microfluidic chip for coagulation sensing |
| CN104990975A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-10-21 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Green sand water content rapid measurement device and water content acquisition method based on the same |
| CN106383151A (en) * | 2015-07-26 | 2017-02-08 | 江苏中农物联网科技有限公司 | Soil moisture measuring sensor |
| CN109154590A (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2019-01-04 | 克罗普克斯技术有限公司 | Soil sensor component |
| CN106290484A (en) * | 2016-08-03 | 2017-01-04 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of corncob moisture measurement apparatus and corncob moisture measuring method |
| CN107064180A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-08-18 | 中国农业大学 | Corn ear moisture percentage measuring apparatus based on standing wave ratio principle |
| CN106990136A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-28 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of system and method for measuring corncob in body grain water content |
| CN107389899A (en) * | 2017-07-28 | 2017-11-24 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of sensor and the perception ring for sensor |
| CN109307692A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-02-05 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of soil moisture monitoring system |
| CN109324095A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-02-12 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of soil moisture measurement sensor and soil moisture measurement system |
| CN111007087A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2020-04-14 | 北京林业大学 | Nondestructive testing sensor, system and method for freeze-thaw characteristics of standing trees |
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