CN101858343B - Cutting ring and glasses plate and processing method thereof - Google Patents
Cutting ring and glasses plate and processing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101858343B CN101858343B CN2010101869891A CN201010186989A CN101858343B CN 101858343 B CN101858343 B CN 101858343B CN 2010101869891 A CN2010101869891 A CN 2010101869891A CN 201010186989 A CN201010186989 A CN 201010186989A CN 101858343 B CN101858343 B CN 101858343B
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- nickel
- boron nitride
- cubic boron
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- layer
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000085 borane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DITXJPASYXFQAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;sulfamic acid Chemical compound [Ni].NS(O)(=O)=O DITXJPASYXFQAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihydridoboron Substances B UORVGPXVDQYIDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cutting ring and a glasses plate, which comprise a cutting ring and a glasses plate matrix provided with an abrasion-resistant layer, wherein the abrasion-resistant layer is a diamond or cubic boron nitride composite plating layer wrapped by a nickel layer carcass. The processing method comprises the following steps of: cleaning a material by adopting layer-by-layer piling and ultrasonic wave, plating the material in one layer at every time with the thickness of only one diamond granule or cubic boron nitride granule, and piling the material layer by layer to form a composite plating layer so as to form the abrasion-resistant layer of the cutting ring and the glasses plate matrix. The abrasion-resistant layer not only has extremely excellent abrasion resistance, but also has the characteristics of good adhesiveness and strong impact resistance. Compared with the hard alloy abrasion-resistant layer, the service life of the plating layer with the same thickness under the same working condition is about 20 times longer; and the surface of the formed plating layer is uniform and flat so as to meet the requirement of workpiece cooperation or leak tightness of the cutting ring and the glasses plate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cutting ring and glasses plate of concrete pump.
Background technique
In the concrete pump equipment unit; Cutting ring and glasses plate are the parts of a pair of relative movement; The fit up gap of the two is between 0.1～0.2mm, and the surface of cutting ring and glasses plate all is welded with one deck high-abrasive material, and cutting ring and glasses plate are cut the concrete with elevated pressures; Work under bad environment all has higher requirement to the wear resistance and the impact resistance of wearing layer; And, determined the working efficiency and the working life of concrete pump the working life of cutting ring and glasses plate as critical piece.In the existing technology, its wearing layer adopts cemented carbide braze layer or high-abrasive material overlay cladding, and two kinds of methods all have its drawback, though cemented carbide braze layer wear resistance is good, but adhesion is little, and impact resistance is poor; High-abrasive material overlay cladding adhesive quality or good impact resistance but wear resistance is relatively poor again.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve above-mentioned drawback, technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of cutting ring and glasses plate and processing method thereof that has concurrently than high impact properties and good abrasion resistance.In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technological scheme that the present invention adopts is that a kind of cutting ring and glasses plate comprise the cutting ring and the glasses plate matrix that are provided with wearing layer, diamond or cubic boron nitride composite deposite that said wearing layer plates for the nickel dam carcass.
The processing method of said cutting ring and glasses plate comprises the steps: in regular turn
1, the cutting ring that processes and glasses plate matrix are deoiled carries out pickling after the cleaning by degreasing.Said cleaning refers to that alkali cleaning such as sodium hydrate aqueous solution clean or electrolysis method is cleaned; Said pickling is meant adopts the concentrated hydrochloric acid soaking and washing to eliminate the oxide layer on the matrix with corrosion; As a kind of preferable process, carry out the concentrated hydrochloric acid soaking and washing before, can adopt the dilute sulfuric acid soaking and washing earlier, to reduce the concentrated hydrochloric acid consumption, avoid environmental pollution; As another kind of preferable process, after said cleaning or the pickling, can adopt ultrasonic cleaning to guarantee cleaning effect.
2, at matrix surface plated with nickel bottom; The nickel plating method can be selected known electronickelling or nickel chemical plating technology (down together) for use.
3, diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle are gathered on whole nickel bottom surface, plate nickel dam and plate; Make said nickel dam fill up the slit between the particle.Said diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle can not be used (down together) with.
4, reach 1/4 of diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle granule size when the thickness that plates nickel dam---in the time of 1/2, preferably 1/3 o'clock, end nickel plating, to remove and do not plated or plate unstable unnecessary particle, preferable methods is to carry out ultrasonic cleaning;
5, continue nickel plating and plate said diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle fully until nickel dam;
6, on diamond or cubic boron nitride coating that established nickel dam carcass plates, repeat 3---5 steps, satisfy the demand until thickness of multiple plating.
The present invention adopts the ultrasonic cleaning of method of piling combination successively, only plates one deck at every turn, and every layer of thickness that has only a particle diamond particle or cubic boron nitride particle is successively piled up, and the composite deposite of formation constitutes the wearing layer of cutting ring and glasses plate matrix.Not only wear-resisting property is very excellent, also possesses the characteristics that adhesive quality is good, impact resistance is strong simultaneously.Compare with hard alloy abrasion-resistant layer, the coating of condition of equivalent thickness will be grown about 20 times working life under the equal operating mode; And formed coating surface is evenly smooth, has satisfied the workpiece conformability of cutting ring and glasses plate or the requirement of sealing.
To combine embodiment that the present invention is described further below.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: the plating processing method of φ 80 glasses plate of the diamond composite deposite that wearing layer plates for the nickel dam carcass:
1, φ 80 glasses plate are soaked with sodium hydrate aqueous solution, water flushing was again soaked 10 minutes in 5% dilute sulfuric acid, was immersed in 30% the concentrated hydrochloric acid 5 minutes again, carried out ultrasonic cleaning after the taking-up.
2, at matrix surface plated with nickel bottom: that will clean inserts electrolytic bath as negative electrode with φ 80 glasses plate; Anode adopts the pure nickel ball; The composition of electroplate liquid and proportioning are: nickelous sulfate 200 grams per liters, nickel chloride 40-60 grams per liter, boric acid 40-60 grams per liter; Temperature 40-50 ℃, pH value remains on about 4,10 amperes/square decimeter of current densities.
3, the plating clothing diamond particles with 35 orders size gathers on whole nickel bottom surface, is configured into electroplating like step 2, plates nickel dam and plates; Make said nickel dam fill up the slit between the particle.As a kind of preferred; Use plating clothing diamond in this example; With further enhancing coating strength, said plating clothing diamond is to form a chemical deposit at diamond surface, like nickel plating, titanizing, copper facing, chromium plating etc.; Can " plate the clothing diamond " and buy in market, plate the clothing diamond like " whirlwind " brand that Henan Huanghe Xuanfeng Co., Ltd. sells for trade name.The present invention adopts nickel plating or titanium-gold-plating hard rock.
4, when the thickness that plates nickel dam reach the diamond particles granule size 1/3 the time, end nickel plating, carry out ultrasonic cleaning and remove and do not plated or plate unstable unnecessary particle;
5, continue nickel plating and plate said diamond particles fully until nickel dam;
6, on the diamond coating that established nickel dam carcass plates, repeat 3---5 steps, satisfy the demand until thickness of multiple plating.
Embodiment 2: the chemical plating processing method of φ 80 glasses plate of the cubic boron nitride composite deposite that wearing layer plates for the nickel dam carcass, except that following 2 differences, embodiment 2 method step is all identical with embodiment 1.
One of which, the particle that is plated adopts cubic boron nitride, rather than diamond or plating clothing diamond; Its two, nickel undercoat or nickel plate layer and all adopt chemical plating, or claim electroless platedly, chemical nickel plating is without extraneous electricity, utilizes redox on the surface of metallic article, to deposit the method for one deck nickel.The composition of chemical nickel-plating solution and proportioning are in this example: nickelous sulfate 25-30 grams per liter, and sodium hypophosphite 27-32 grams per liter, additive 65-75 grams per liter, reaction temperature is the 80-90 degree.
Main salt in the chemical nickel-plating solution is exactly nickel salt, generally adopts nickel chloride or nickelous sulfate, also adopts inorganic salts such as nickel sulfamic acid, nickel acetate sometimes.Existing at present the introduction adopted the source of ortho phosphorous acid nickel as nickel and ortho phosphorous acid root.The course of reaction of chemical nickel plating is the redox process of a self-catalysis, and applicable reducing agent has sodium hypophosphite, sodium borohydride, alkylamine borine and hydrazine etc. in the plating bath.In these reducing agents with inferior sodium phosphate use at most, advantage such as this is because its low price, and plating bath controls easily, and the coating corrosion resistance is good.Additive comprises complexing agent, buffer agent, stabilizer, accelerant etc., and as a kind of known mature technology, said additive can adopt the commercially available prod, the magnificent sunshine board chemical plating additive that adopts Chemical market everywhere all can buy in this example.
The above-mentioned mode of execution that the present invention describes only is for technological scheme of the present invention clearly is described, and can not be interpreted as the present invention is made any restriction.Also can adopt nickel chemical plating technology like diamond particles, cubic boron nitride also can adopt electroplating technology.The present invention has known multiple alternative or distortion in the present technique field, not breaking away under the prerequisite of inventing essential meaning, all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. cutting ring; Comprise the cutting ring matrix that is provided with wearing layer, it is characterized in that, diamond or cubic boron nitride composite deposite that said wearing layer plates for the nickel dam carcass; Said composite deposite only plates one deck at every turn; Every layer of thickness that has only a particle diamond particle or cubic boron nitride particle, accumulation successively forms, and said coating surface is evenly smooth.
2. the processing method of cutting ring as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the processing method of said cutting ring comprises the steps: in regular turn
One, the cutting ring matrix that processes is deoiled carries out the concentrated hydrochloric acid soak acid-cleaning after the cleaning by degreasing;
Two, at matrix surface plated with nickel bottom;
Three, diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle are gathered on whole nickel bottom surface, plate nickel dam and plate;
Four, reach 1/4 of diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle granule size when the thickness that plates nickel dam---in the time of 1/2, end nickel plating, remove and do not plated or plate unstable unnecessary particle;
Five, continue nickel plating and plate said diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle fully until nickel dam;
Six, on diamond or cubic boron nitride coating that established nickel dam carcass plates, repeat three, four, five steps, satisfy the demand until thickness of multiple plating.
3. the processing method of cutting ring as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, carry out the concentrated hydrochloric acid soak acid-cleaning before, adopt earlier the dilute sulfuric acid soaking and washing.
4. the processing method of cutting ring as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, when the thickness that plates nickel dam reach diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle granule size 1/3 the time, end nickel plating, remove and do not plated or plate unstable unnecessary particle.
5. like the processing method of claim 2 or 4 each described cutting ring, it is characterized in that, end to carry out ultrasonic cleaning after the nickel plating.
6. glasses plate; Comprise the glasses plate matrix that is provided with wearing layer, it is characterized in that, diamond or cubic boron nitride composite deposite that said wearing layer plates for the nickel dam carcass; Said composite deposite only plates one deck at every turn; Every layer of thickness that has only a particle diamond particle or cubic boron nitride particle, accumulation successively forms, and said coating surface is evenly smooth.
7. the processing method of glasses plate as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, the processing method of said glasses plate comprises the steps: in regular turn
One, the glasses plate matrix that processes is deoiled carries out the concentrated hydrochloric acid soak acid-cleaning after the cleaning by degreasing;
Two, at matrix surface plated with nickel bottom;
Three, diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle are gathered on whole nickel bottom surface, plate nickel dam and plate;
Four, reach 1/4 of diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle granule size when the thickness that plates nickel dam---in the time of 1/2, end nickel plating, remove and do not plated or plate unstable unnecessary particle;
Five, continue nickel plating and plate said diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle fully until nickel dam;
Six, on diamond or cubic boron nitride coating that established nickel dam carcass plates, repeat three, four, five steps, satisfy the demand until thickness of multiple plating.
8. the processing method of glasses plate as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, carry out the concentrated hydrochloric acid soak acid-cleaning before, adopt earlier the dilute sulfuric acid soaking and washing.
9. the processing method of glasses plate as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, when the thickness that plates nickel dam reach diamond particles or cubic boron nitride particle granule size 1/3 the time, end nickel plating, remove and do not plated or plate unstable unnecessary particle.
10. like the processing method of claim 7 or 9 each described glasses plate, it is characterized in that, end to carry out ultrasonic cleaning after the nickel plating.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101869891A CN101858343B (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2010-05-27 | Cutting ring and glasses plate and processing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101869891A CN101858343B (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2010-05-27 | Cutting ring and glasses plate and processing method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101858343A CN101858343A (en) | 2010-10-13 |
| CN101858343B true CN101858343B (en) | 2012-09-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101869891A Expired - Fee Related CN101858343B (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2010-05-27 | Cutting ring and glasses plate and processing method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN101858343B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103671075B (en) * | 2013-12-11 | 2016-08-10 | 中联重科股份有限公司 | Cut ring and manufacture method thereof |
| CN104831340B (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2019-05-14 | 台州蓝德斯光学有限公司 | One kind being used for earpiece full automatic plating system of processing |
| CN112589116B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-02-15 | 中南大学 | Impregnated diamond cutting ring and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114645306B (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2024-04-09 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Method for preparing large-size cBN particle nickel-based coating on surface of complex-shaped workpiece |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1304812A (en) * | 2001-01-06 | 2001-07-25 | 戴汉臣 | Spectacle plate and cutting ring for concrete delivering pump and making technology thereof |
| CN1405347A (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-03-26 | 郭庆虎 | High-strength, high-anti-friction hard alloy, and manufacture method and application thereof |
| CN2612818Y (en) * | 2003-03-08 | 2004-04-21 | 熊裕德 | Long lifetime glasses plate for concrete transfer pump |
| CN101338441A (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2009-01-07 | 兰桥昌 | Matrix for electroplating diamond products and electroplating process thereof |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0790333B2 (en) * | 1986-02-10 | 1995-10-04 | 株式会社野村鍍金 | Continuous casting mold and manufacturing method thereof |
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2010
- 2010-05-27 CN CN2010101869891A patent/CN101858343B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1304812A (en) * | 2001-01-06 | 2001-07-25 | 戴汉臣 | Spectacle plate and cutting ring for concrete delivering pump and making technology thereof |
| CN1405347A (en) * | 2001-08-16 | 2003-03-26 | 郭庆虎 | High-strength, high-anti-friction hard alloy, and manufacture method and application thereof |
| CN2612818Y (en) * | 2003-03-08 | 2004-04-21 | 熊裕德 | Long lifetime glasses plate for concrete transfer pump |
| CN101338441A (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2009-01-07 | 兰桥昌 | Matrix for electroplating diamond products and electroplating process thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JP昭62-183939A 1987.08.12 |
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