CN101858253A - Pulse detonation internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a novel pulse detonation internal combustion engine (as figure 1), which is characterized in that a valve group, a cam shaft and the like of an automobile engine cylinder cover are adopted as an air inlet system and a combustion chamber in the cylinder cover is used as a small combustion chamber for detonation, and gas in the small combustion chamber is used for detonating combustible gas in a big detonation tube to generate push power to push a turbine to apply work. Compared with the conventional internal combustion engine, the pulse detonation internal combustion engine of the invention has unique advantages of high thermal cycle efficiency, large power converted from push power, wide work range, simple structure and light mass, is possible to replace the currently used internal combustion engine as power of traffic transport machines after technology maturation and has a defect of large noise which is expected to be further improved.

Description

Pulse detonation internal combustion engine

Technical field:

The present invention is that a kind of pulse-knocking ripple that utilizes produces thrust, and thrust makes the turbine rotation produce the motor of a kind of new ideas of power.

Pulse detonation internal combustion engine is the time-dependent system that the periodicity momentum that utilizes the pulse-knocking ripple to produce does work, and the difference of pulse detonation internal combustion engine and conventional engine has 2 points: non-permanent work and pinking process.

Background technique:

Pulse detonation internal combustion engine has been drawn the advantage development of pulse-knocking engine: burning is a crucial process in the power plant.It changes the chemical energy of fuel the heat energy of working medium into by chemical reaction, changes kinetic energy again into, produces power, and nature has two kinds of combustion waves: a kind of is the deflagration ripple, and another kind is a detonation wave.The deflagration ripple is propagated to burning mixt not with low relatively speed usually, and the velocity of propagation of flame of most of hydrocarbon fuels and AIR MIXTURES is about tens centimeters per second to tens metre per second (m/s)s, and it mainly is subjected to the control of the quality and the heat diffusion of laminar flow or turbulent flow.The deflagration ripple increases the fluid ratio volume, and pressure slightly descends, and can be similar to think isopiestic process.The combustion process of all gas turbines is all handled by isopiestic process at present, detonation wave is then propagated to burning mixt not with the speed of a few km per seconds, the pinking wave energy produces high gaseous-pressure, and (greater than 1.5～5.5MPa) and fuel gas temperature (greater than 2800K), detonation wave can be described as the strong shock with chemical reaction.Shock wave compresses reactant just as the piston between reactant and the product, owing to do not have time enough to make pressure balance, so the knocking combustion process is near the isochoric combustion process.As everyone knows, have the higher thermal efficiency based on the motor of isochoric combustion process, the potential advantage that the efficiency of cycle is high is to drive the power of people's development based on the motor of pinking.

Summary of the invention:

Typical pulse-knocking engine circulation comprises following elementary process: detonation wave initial, pinking wave propagation, the filling process of the discharge of products of combustion or exhaust process and fresh reactant thing.(Fig. 1) represented the cyclic process of ideal pulse detonation engine visually, this motor is a homalographic straight tube, valve is positioned at head, circulation is the reactant of p1 from stuffing pressure, throttle down then detonates with being positioned near the incendiary source direct initiation the closed end or changing to pinking by deflagration.The detonation wave speed of detonation wave about with 2000m/s passes to opening end and goes, my invention is to allow detonation wave produce power by the rotation of turbine group, final pressure drops to ambient pressure level, waste gas is discharged, and when exhaust process finished, air intake valve was opened, allow the fresh reactant thing be packed into big or small detonation chamber, after filling process was finished, air intake valve was closed, the next circulation of beginning.

The composition of pulse detonation internal combustion engine: air-strainer, intake duct, spark plug, intake valve, little detonation chamber, big detonation chamber, jet pipe, turbo-power group (Fig. 2), fuel system (Fig. 3), ignition system (Fig. 4), control system (Fig. 5), lubrication system (Fig. 6), cooling system (Fig. 7), starting system (Fig. 8).

Each systemic effect: spark ignitor gas-air mixture, and the air that detonation chamber needs sucks by the speed punching press, intake duct is used for sucking the needed mixed gas of knocking combustion, the intake valve major function is to supply with quantitative air to detonation chamber, and plays the effect of thrust wall in detonation wave formation and propagation stage.

Little detonation chamber: oxygen and gasoline that (1) is accepted to suck mix, but form the pinking mixture; (2) ignition and detonation forms detonation wave; (3) detonation wave is propagated to big detonation chamber; (4) extensional wave that imports into from the detonation chamber Way out is got rid of products of combustion at the thrust wall emission.

What the detonation wave of the high temperature and high pressure gas that produces in the little detonation chamber can be used for detonating big detonation tube can quick-fried mixture, and the detonation wave in the big detonation tube promotes the turbine acting, produces power.

Ignition system: (1) but light the pinking mixture with desired frequency; (2) provide the formation pinking required ignition energy.

Oil supply system: to the suction tude fueling, or directly spray in the detonation chamber with desired frequency.

Control system: (1) is in order to control intermittent type fuel feeding; (2) intermittent type igniting; (3) sequential of control air inlet, oil-feed and igniting; (4) performance etc. of control motor.

The turbine group: the turbine group is changed into the thrust of detonation wave the power output of rotation.

Flywheel: flywheel mainly is the deposit power.

Starting system: start pulse detonation internal combustion engine by starter motor.

Lubricating system: lubricate each moving element by lubricating system, reduce wearing and tearing.

Cooling system: can adopt air-cooledly, also can adopt water-cooled, design according to the engine power size.

Advantage: because the knocking combustion process has very high velocity of combustion and reactant conversion rate, pulse-knocking engine possesses following advantage with respect to the motor based on deflagration: the higher efficiency of cycle, this is because the pinking process is in close proximity to the isochoric combustion process.Be higher than engine cycles (Brayton circulation) based on the efficiency of cycle of the engine cycles (Humphrey circulation) of isochoric combustion based on isobaric combustion, gasoline for appropriate ratio---air mixture, (Humphrey) the efficiency of cycle is higher by 30%～50% than the efficiency of cycle of Brayton, the higher efficiency of cycle of pulse-knocking engine can change into than high specific impulse, change into the rotating power of high pulling torque than high specific impulse by turbine, specific fuel consumption is low.

Shortcoming: noise is big.

Improper owing to lighting a fire in common quartastroke engine, and produce pinking, the noise of " engine knock " sound appears in motor, power descends, though pulse detonation internal combustion engine is to utilize pinking to produce power, also there is the big problem of noise, also to install silencing apparatus additional at the end of turbine and reduce noise.

Mode of execution:

(1) owing to my limited fund, the part of motor all is to remove from old petrol engine, I have bought the big air-strainer on the six cylinder engine, this motor needs big air-strainer to guarantee the needs of air inlet, bought the valve-chamber cover of petrol engine of four cylinders in a Geju City, cylinder cap, advance, exhaust valve, advance, the exhaust valve spring, camshaft, camshaft is four cylinders, through two timing gear repackings, exhaust valve is also changed into intake valve, this motor can only have intake valve that exhaust valve can not be arranged, because exhaust is to discharge from the tail end of turbine group, the turbine group is that the manual processing of this human low carbon steel sheet is welded, the shell of turbo machine adopts the cylinder sleeve that uses on the diesel engine of vehicle, the bearing of turbo machine adopts floating bearing, spark plug, high-voltage ignition coil, distributor, outlet pipes etc. all are old that buys, and fuel system is by fuel tank, the electricity oil pump, fuel filter, processes such as storage battery are scraped together and are assembled.

(2) another kind of mode of execution single cylinder or multi-cylinder diesel engine repacking: the nozzle opening on the cylinder cap is changed into spark-plug hole, head gasket is changed into the steel plate of a head gasket shape, a hole is bored by central authorities at steel plate, the seamless steel pipe of burn-oning again, put into the central position of cylinder sleeve, the steel pipe end connects the waste gas inlet pipe of exhaust gas turbocharger, the motor that converts.(Fig. 9)

Description of drawings:

The cyclic process of Fig. 1, ideal pulse detonation engine

Fig. 2, pulse detonation internal combustion engine schematic representation

Fig. 3, fuel system

Fig. 4, ignition system

Fig. 5, control system

Fig. 6, lubrication system

Fig. 7, cooling system

Fig. 8, starting system

Fig. 9, single cylinder diesel repacking

Among Fig. 1: a valve closing, b detonate, c detonation wave propagation, d exhaust, e are finished exhaust, f fills ignition mixture.

Among Fig. 2: 1 intake valve, 2 valve guide bushings, 3 valve spring, 4 camshafts, 5 spark plugs, 6 valve-chamber covers, 7 little detonation chambers, 8 cylinder caps, 9 little detonation chamber lower covers, 10 connecting bolts, 11 head gaskets, 12 bend pipes, 13 big detonation chambers, 14 turbine casings, 15 turbines, 16 central shafts, 17 exhaust ports, 18 bearings, 19 flywheels.

Among Fig. 3: 1 petrol gauge, 2 air-strainer, 3 injection valves, 4 cylinder caps, 5 suction tude, 6 petrol pumps, 7 gasoline filters, 8 mufflers, 9 fuel tanks, 10 oil pipes, 11 turbo machines.

Among Fig. 4; 1 ignition switch, 2 ammeters, 3 starter switches, 4 circuit breakers, 5 spark coils, 6 storage batteries, 7 distributors, 8 spark plugs, 9 additional resistances.The C capacitor

Among Fig. 5: 1 fuel tank, 2 electric fuel pump, 3 fuel filters, 4 pressure regulators, 5 control units, 6 spark coils, 7 distributors, 8 spark plugs, 9 oil sprayers, 10 closures, 11 throttle switchs, 12 Air flow meter, 13 potentiometers, 14 another suction tude, 15 big detonation chambers, 16 idle devices, 17 little detonation chamber lower covers, 18 storage batteries, 19 ignition switches.

Among Fig. 6: 1 camshaft, 2 oil ducts, 3 fuel level indicator, 4 turbine bearings, 5 oil filter, 6 oil pump, 7 oil sumps.

Among Fig. 7: 1 venetian blind, 2 radiators, 3 radiator pressure caps, 4 fans, 5 short circle water pipes, 6 water pumps, 7 thermostats, 8 outlet pipes, 9 cylinder caps, 10 water-thermometers and sensor, 11 turbine shell water jackets, 12 cylinder cap water jackets.

Among Fig. 8: 1 additional relay contact, 2 additional relay coils, 3 ignition switches, 4,5 starter switches connect that post, 6 starter motors connect post, 7 spark coil additional resistance short circuits connect post, 8 pull in windings, 9 Bao Weixianquan, 10 movable cores, 11 connecting sheets, 12,13 contacts, 14 contact discs, 15 adjusting screw, 16 transmission forks, 17 adjusting screw, 18 driving pinions, 19 unidirectional roller type gearing devices, 20 flywheels.

Among Fig. 9: 1 cylinder body, 2 cylinder sleeves, 3 connecting bolts, 4 intake valves, 5 valve guide bushings, 6 valve spring, 7 camshafts, 8 valve-chamber covers, 9 spark plugs, 10 cylinder caps, 11 little detonation chambers, 12 little detonation chamber lower covers, 13 head gaskets, 14 connecting tubes, 15 big detonation chambers, 16 turbines, 17 bearings, 18 central shafts, 19 turbine shells, 20 exhaust ports.

Claims (1)

1. the present invention is a kind of novel power plant, it is characterized in that:

(1) uses automobile engine cylinder head, the valve group, the motor car engine that camshaft etc. are formed, gas handling system is as the gas handling system of pulse detonation internal combustion engine, originally the firing chamber in the cylinder cap is as little pulse detonation combustor, with the combustible gas in the little detonation combustor, ignite combustible gas in the big detonation tube and produce the engine type that impulse force promotes turbine rotation acting.

(2) single cylinder or multi-cylinder diesel engine repacking, nozzle opening on the cylinder cap is repacked into spark-plug hole, under head gasket, add the steel plate of a head gasket shape, a hole is bored by central authorities steel plate, the seamless steel pipe of burn-oning again, put into the central position of cylinder sleeve, the steel pipe end connects the exhaust inlet pipe of exhaust gas turbocharger, the motor that converts.

(3) fuel of Shi Yonging comprises: hydrogen, ethene, acetylene, propane, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil etc.

(4) power of the pulse detonation internal combustion engine of this type, from miniature (several watts) to huge (hundreds of thousands kilowatt).

(5) comprise the pulse detonation internal combustion engine of single cylinder to multi-cylinder.

(6) to comprise that single-stage arrives multistage for turbine.

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