CN101856360A - Progesterone composite preparation for regulating and controlling estrus of goat - Google Patents

Progesterone composite preparation for regulating and controlling estrus of goat Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101856360A
CN101856360A CN 201010199543 CN201010199543A CN101856360A CN 101856360 A CN101856360 A CN 101856360A CN 201010199543 CN201010199543 CN 201010199543 CN 201010199543 A CN201010199543 A CN 201010199543A CN 101856360 A CN101856360 A CN 101856360A
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Prior art keywords
progesterone
estradiol
vegetable oil
preparation
ewe
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Inventor
张居农
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YUMEN CHINAWAYS AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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YUMEN CHINAWAYS AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT Co Ltd
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Priority to CN 201010199543 priority Critical patent/CN101856360A/en
Publication of CN101856360A publication Critical patent/CN101856360A/en
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Abstract

The invention discloses a progesterone composite preparation for regulating and controlling estrus of a goat. The progesterone composite preparation is characterized by comprising a spring-winter preparation and a summer-autumn preparation, wherein the spring-winter preparation comprises 85.71 to 86.67 percent of progesterone, 3.00 to 3.43 percent of estradiol and 10.33 to 10.86 percent of edible vegetable oil; and the summer-autumn preparation comprises 68.57 to 80.00 percent of progesterone, 1.00 to 3.30 percent of estradiol and 16.70 to 28.57 percent of edible vegetable oil. When used for pre-processing, the progesterone composite preparation can quickly improve the concentration of the progesterone in the blood of the processed goat in a short time to improve the activity of the ovary of the processed female goat and the sensitivity to gonadotropic hormone so as to stimulate estrogen secretion and promote follicular development and can meet the requirement that the female goat needs a small amount of estrogen and a certain amount of progesterone to act on the sexual centre before representing sexual desire and achieving sexual excitation.

Description

A kind of progesterone composite preparation that is used for regulating and controlling estrus of goat
Technical field
A kind of hormone preparation of injection contains estrogen and progesterone when the present invention relates to the regulating and controlling estrus of goat processing, is a kind of progesterone composite preparation that is used for regulating and controlling estrus of goat specifically.
Background technology
Regulating and controlling estrus of goat (estrus of control) is the Reproductive manipulation technology that grows up new during modern in recent years sheep raising produces.So-called estrus synchronization (also claiming synchronization of estrus), be meant by means of exogenous hormone and stimulate ovary, control and adjust the estrus cycle of a group ewe artificially, it is changed according to predetermined requirement, make the ovary physiological function of handling ewe all be in the same stage, its concentrated expression in unified time is oestrused, so that tissue breeding and breeding.The mechanism of ewe controlling rutting is that the variation according to ewe ovary form and function designs.Ovary function of ewe and metamorphosis can be divided into follicular phase (ovarian follicular growth, maturation and ovulation) and two stages of luteal phase (corpus luteum forms and disappears).Luteal phase, ewe plasma progesterone height suppressed ovarian follicular growth.Along with the degeneration of corpus luteum, the withdrawing of progesterone, the follicle ramp is grown, and last maturation causes ovulation, and ewe begins performance and oestruses.Be 2-3 days the follicular phase of goat; Be 18-19 days luteal phase.Because each ewe all is in any given day in estrus cycle randomly in the flock of sheep, therefore as long as destroy corpus luteum or cause " artificial luteal phase ", the same time finishes the purpose that luteal function just can reach controlling rutting.Prolonging pmgravid technical scheme is to use progesterone simultaneously to a group ewe, suppress follicle the growth promoter and the performance of oestrusing, while drug withdrawal after after a while.Shorten pmgravid technical scheme and be and use Cloprostenol (PGF2a) and quicken luteolysis, make the ovary of ewe break away from the control of progesterone in the body in advance, then follicle germinated simultaneously, thereby reach ewe estrus synchronization purpose.
At present, the processing method of home and abroad ewe controlling rutting is as follows:
(1) heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device pre-treatment: before the heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device, earlier this device is taken out from sealing bags, then its immersion is contained in 1%~2% sterilization oxytetracycline vegetable oil or full or the sterilization oxytetracycline solution, soak slightly; (2) heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device operation: the finger that will wear the disposable plastic glove will be stained with the progesterone vagina releasing device of oxytetracycline powder and put into intravaginal 5~8 centimeters, reserve the end of a thread of one of spongy embolus; (3) the heeling-in time: the progesterone vagina releasing device heeling-in time is 14 days; (4) remove the bolt operation: when removing bolt, hold the end of a thread of one that progesterone vagina releasing device is stayed external genital, gently progesterone vagina releasing device is pulled out with hands.After removing bolt, unification with 5 milliliters of washing vaginas of 1-3% sterilization oxytetracycline solution once.Meet adhesion, can add antibiotics and handle; (5) remove bolt time and processing: early removed bolt in the 14th day, the pregnant mare serum gonadotrop(h)in (PMSG) of intramuscular injection simultaneously.Dosage: ewe 300~350IU, ewe lamb 250~300IU then grow up; (6) remove the bolt post processing: remove behind the bolt and to begin to try feelings in second day, check that ewe oestruses the breeding of oestrusing.The breeding of semen deposition for the second time in 6-8 hour at interval; (7) unify artificial insemination: after removing bolt the 3rd day, both removed behind the bolt and divided 2 artificial inseminations in 48-72 hour; Between the breeding of semen deposition for the second time in 6-8 hour.(8) seminal fluid is handled: after the semen collection, do dilution in 1: 1 with Portugal-lemon-ovum diluent immediately, remake 1~2 times of dilution behind the inspection vigor.
The problem of the existence of this method mainly is that to handle the libido of the non-return rate of ewe and processed ewe lower.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of estrogen and progesterone of containing, can significantly improve a kind of progesterone composite preparation that is used for regulating and controlling estrus of goat of estrus synchronization rate and the non-return rate of ewe after the injection treatment.
The present invention adopts following technical proposals to solve its technical problem:
A kind of progesterone composite preparation that is used for regulating and controlling estrus of goat, it is characterized in that said preparation by spring-winter and summer-autumn two kinds of preparations form, formulated by following raw material and percentage by weight:
Spring-winter:
Progesterone 85.71%~86.67%, estradiol 3.00%~3.43%, edible vegetable oil 10.33%~10.86%;
Summer-autumn:
Progesterone 68.57%~80.00%, estradiol 1.00%~3.30%, edible vegetable oil 16.70%~28.57%;
Press following process production:
A. take by weighing Progesterone and estradiol respectively by proportional quantity, pulverize respectively;
B. get sterilization edible vegetable oil 0.2ml and in glass dish, heat, be cooled to 50 ℃ thereafter, add the Progesterone, the estradiol that pulverize to 250 ℃ of following 20min of maintenance; Stir, dissolve; Pour dissolved medicinal liquid into another container, undissolved medicinal liquid is continued to heat to 70 ℃~80 ℃, place 30min; With twice dissolved medicinal liquid mix homogeneously.
C. admixing medical solutions is sealed respectively in the 50ml that packs into, 100ml, the 200ml vial, labelled.
To the ewe that grows up, described raw material and percentage by weight are:
Spring-winter: Progesterone 85.71%, estradiol 3.43%, edible vegetable oil 10.86%;
Summer-autumn: Progesterone 68.57%, estradiol 2.86%, edible vegetable oil 28.57%.
To young ewe, described raw material and percentage by weight are:
Spring-winter: Progesterone 86.67%, estradiol 3.00%, edible vegetable oil 10.33%.
Summer and autumn: Progesterone 80.00%, estradiol 1.00%, edible vegetable oil 19.00%.
The medication of preparation of the present invention is:
1. the compound progesterone preparation of primiparity ewe → intramuscular injection → heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device (CIDR) was removed bolt on the 14th day behind the continuous 14 days → heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device (CIDR): remove bolt intramuscular injection pregnant mare serum gonadotrop(h)in (PMSG) (PMSG) → pregnant mare serum gonadotrop(h)in (PMSG) (PMSG) processing back first service → breeding in 48~56 hours simultaneously quiet notes hCG (HCG) or No. 3 (LRH-A of induced ovulation simultaneously 3) → breeding simultaneously every ml seminal fluid add 1 unit oxytocin (OXT) seminal fluid processings → interval and bred for the second time in 8 hours → after interval 8 hours (promptly remove bolt after 72 hours) again, → breed for the third time.→ the 17 day, the second feelings phase, put into ram → put into ram, began to try feelings in 20 days, recruit → withdrew from ram on the 22nd day.
2. the adult compound progesterone preparation of ewe → intramuscular injection → heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device (CIDR), bolt was removed on the 14th day in continuous 17 days → heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device (CIDR) back: remove bolt intramuscular injection pregnant mare serum gonadotrop(h)in (PMSG) (PMSG) → 48~56 hours first service → breeding while quiet notes hCG (HCG) or No. 3 (LRH-A of induced ovulation in pregnant mare serum gonadotrop(h)in (PMSG) (PMSG) processing back simultaneously 3) → breeding simultaneously every ml seminal fluid add 1 unit oxytocin (OXT) seminal fluid processings → interval and bred for the second time in 8 hours → after interval 8 hours (promptly remove bolt after 72 hours) again, → breed for the third time.→ the 17 day, the second feelings phase, put into ram → put into ram, began to try feelings in 20 days, recruit → withdrew from ram on the 22nd day.
Specified operational procedure is:
(1) ewe labelling: adopt and beat random number at the back and register the method that overbit combines;
(2) the compound progesterone preparation of intramuscular injection: every compound progesterone preparation of ewe intramuscular injection is 3 milliliters during processing, the progesterone of heeling-in simultaneously vagina releasing device;
(3) heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device pre-treatment: before the heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device, earlier this device is taken out from sealing bags, then its immersion is contained in 1%~2% the sterilization oxytetracycline vegetable oil or saturated bacterium oxytetracycline solution, soak slightly.Before the heeling-in, will soak sterilization oxytetracycline vegetable oil or progesterone vagina releasing device full or sterilization oxytetracycline solution dips in oxytetracycline powder, a heeling-in thereafter again;
(4) heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device operation: during heeling-in, ewe is fixed,, with the disinfectant toilet paper external genital is wiped clean thereafter with the external genital flushing of the watering can of disinfectant solution with ewe is housed.The finger of wearing the disposable plastic glove will be stained with the progesterone vagina releasing device of oxytetracycline powder and put into intravaginal 5~8 centimeters, reserve the end of a thread of one of spongy embolus.During operation, should pay special attention to prevent to stir up a cloud of dust, avoid polluting;
(5) the heeling-in time: the progesterone vagina releasing device heeling-in time is 14 days;
(6) remove the bolt operation: when removing bolt, hold the end of a thread of one that progesterone vagina releasing device is stayed external genital, gently progesterone vagina releasing device is pulled out with hands.After removing bolt, unification with 5 milliliters of washing vaginas of 1-3% sterilization oxytetracycline solution once.Meet adhesion, can add antibiotics and handle;
(7) remove bolt time and processing: early removed bolt in the 14th day, the pregnant mare serum gonadotrop(h)in (PMSG) of intramuscular injection simultaneously.Dosage: ewe 300~350IU, ewe lamb 250~300IU then grow up;
(8) remove the bolt post processing: remove behind the bolt and to begin to try feelings in second day, check that ewe oestruses the breeding of oestrusing.No. 3 (the LRH-A of ewe while intravenous injection induced ovulation that breed first 3) 10 units; The breeding of semen deposition for the second time in 6-8 hour at interval, the breeding of semen deposition for the third time next day;
(9) unify artificial insemination: after removing bolt the 3rd day, both removed behind the bolt and divided 3 artificial inseminations in 48-72 hour.No. 3, test-tube first ewe intravenous injection simultaneously induced ovulation, (LRH-A 3) 10 units; Between the breeding of semen deposition for the second time in 6-8 hour, the breeding of semen deposition for the third time next day.Induced ovulation is only injected once for No. 3;
(10) seminal fluid is handled: after the semen collection, do dilution in 1: 1 with Portugal-lemon-ovum diluent immediately, remake 1~2 times of dilution behind the inspection vigor.Before the semen deposition, add oxytocin 1 unit, matching while using in per 1 milliliter.
(11) second feelings phases recruited: the second feelings phase the 17th day before beginning, and put into ram and recruit, withdrew from ram on the 22nd day.
Progesterone composite preparation of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) adopts the progesterone composite preparation pretreatment, can improve rapidly in a short time and handle progesterone concentration in the ewe blood, to improve the active of processed ewe ovary and to the sensitivity of promoting sexual gland hormone.
(2) stimulate estrogen secretion, promote follicular development;
(3) under normal circumstances, the power of ewe libido is relevant with estrogenic content in the blood, the estrogen content height, and ewe is highly sexed, but conception rate is low.Adopt the progesterone composite preparation pretreatment, can satisfy ewe performance libido and reach needing a spot of estrogen and a certain amount of progesterone needs before the sexual excitation the sexual centre effect.
(4) if do not adopt the progesterone composite preparation pretreatment, then handle ewe progesterone deficiency, may certain influence be arranged other short reproduction of progesterone.
From existing technical literature analysis: progesterone may not have direct facilitation to follicular development, but it uses with other hormones such as promoting sexual gland hormone and may reach the effect that improves the estrus induction effect.
Progesterone that adopts among the present invention and estradiol all can reach control ewe development of ovary state through intramuscular injection, and Progesterone and estradiol ratio in the compound progesterone preparation then be according to the development of ovary state of Various Seasonal ewe and particular design.In the controlling rutting technical program of ewe, at first adopt compound progesterone preparation that the ovary of anestrous season or anestrous season ewe is stimulated, then carry out estrus synchronization again and handle, make and handle the ewe synchronization discrepancy of oestrusing and reduce, pregnancy rate improves.
The present invention adopted the pretreated method of compound progesterone in 1998, under large-area working condition ewe is carried out Processing Test, and the first feelings phase non-return rate of ewe on average reaches 60%, and the highest flock of sheep reach 100%.Promote in test estrus synchronization, the first feelings phase non-return rate of ewe on average reaches more than 85%.Adopt compound progesterone and supporting program that goat is carried out estrus synchronization respectively, the rate of oestrusing of ewe is respectively 79.5% and 92%.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Preparation spring-winter preparation:
1. medicine weighing
Analytical balance weighing Progesterone 30mg, estradiol 1.2mg pulverize respectively.
2, get sterilization edible vegetable oil 0.38ml and in glass dish, heat, be cooled to 50 ℃ thereafter, add the Progesterone, the estradiol that pulverize to 250 ℃ of following 20min of maintenance; Stir, dissolve; Pour dissolved medicinal liquid into another container, undissolved medicinal liquid is continued to heat to 80 ℃, place 30min; With twice dissolved medicinal liquid mix homogeneously.
3, admixing medical solutions is sealed respectively in the 50ml that packs into, 100ml, the 200ml vial, labelled, in order to using.
This preparation gives the clothes handling procedure as follows:
(1) ewe labelling: adopt and beat random number at the back and register the method that overbit combines;
(2) the compound progesterone preparation of intramuscular injection: every compound progesterone preparation of ewe intramuscular injection is 3 milliliters during processing, the progesterone of heeling-in simultaneously vagina releasing device;
(3) heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device pre-treatment: before the heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device, earlier this device is taken out from sealing bags, then its immersion is contained in 1%~2% sterilization oxytetracycline vegetable oil or full or the sterilization oxytetracycline solution, soak slightly.Before the heeling-in, will soak sterilization oxytetracycline vegetable oil or progesterone vagina releasing device full or sterilization oxytetracycline solution dips in oxytetracycline powder, a heeling-in thereafter again;
(4) heeling-in progesterone vagina releasing device operation: during heeling-in, ewe is fixed,, with the disinfectant toilet paper external genital is wiped clean thereafter with the external genital flushing of the watering can of disinfectant solution with ewe is housed.The finger of wearing the disposable plastic glove will be stained with the progesterone vagina releasing device of oxytetracycline powder and put into intravaginal 5~8 centimeters, reserve the end of a thread of one of spongy embolus.During operation, should pay special attention to prevent to stir up a cloud of dust, avoid polluting;
(5) the heeling-in time: the progesterone vagina releasing device heeling-in time is 14 days;
(6) remove the bolt operation: when removing bolt, hold the end of a thread of one that progesterone vagina releasing device is stayed external genital, gently progesterone vagina releasing device is pulled out with hands.After removing bolt, unification with 5 milliliters of washing vaginas of 1-3% sterilization oxytetracycline solution once.Meet adhesion, can add antibiotics and handle;
(7) remove bolt time and processing: early removed bolt in the 14th day, the pregnant mare serum gonadotrop(h)in (PMSG) of intramuscular injection simultaneously.Dosage: ewe 300~350IU, ewe lamb 250~300IU then grow up;
(8) remove the bolt post processing: remove behind the bolt and to begin to try feelings in second day, check that ewe oestruses the breeding of oestrusing.No. 3 (the LRH-A of ewe while intravenous injection induced ovulation that breed first 3) 10 units; The breeding of semen deposition for the second time in 6-8 hour at interval, the breeding of semen deposition for the third time next day;
(9) unify artificial insemination: after removing bolt the 3rd day, both removed behind the bolt and divided 3 artificial inseminations in 48-72 hour.No. 3, test-tube first ewe intravenous injection simultaneously induced ovulation, (LRH-A 3) 10 units; Between the breeding of semen deposition for the second time in 6-8 hour, the breeding of semen deposition for the third time next day.Induced ovulation is only injected once for No. 3;
(10) seminal fluid is handled: after the semen collection, do dilution in 1: 1 with Portugal-lemon-ovum diluent immediately, remake 1~2 times of dilution behind the inspection vigor.Before the semen deposition, add oxytocin 1 unit, matching while using in per 1 milliliter.
Embodiment 2
Preparation summer-autumn preparation:
1. medicine weighing
Analytical balance weighing Progesterone 24mg, estradiol 1mg pulverize respectively.
2, get sterilization edible vegetable oil 0.5ml and in glass dish, heat, be cooled to 50 ℃ thereafter, add the Progesterone, the estradiol that pulverize to 250 ℃ of following 20min of maintenance; Stir, dissolve; Pour dissolved medicinal liquid into another container, undissolved medicinal liquid is continued to heat to 70 ℃, place 30min; With twice dissolved medicinal liquid mix homogeneously.
3, admixing medical solutions is sealed respectively in the 50ml that packs into, 100ml, the 200ml vial, labelled, in order to using.
Preparation gives the clothes processing method with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
To young ewe, be 3.0 milliliter administrations according to every part total amount spring-winter:
1. medicine weighing
Analytical balance weighing Progesterone 26mg, estradiol 0.9mg pulverize respectively.
2, get sterilization edible vegetable oil 0.81ml and in glass dish, heat, be cooled to 50 ℃ thereafter, add the Progesterone, the estradiol that pulverize to 250 ℃ of following 20min of maintenance; Stir, dissolve; Pour dissolved medicinal liquid into another container, undissolved medicinal liquid is continued to heat to 80 ℃, place 30min; With twice dissolved medicinal liquid mix homogeneously.
3, admixing medical solutions is sealed respectively in the 50ml that packs into, 100ml, the 200ml vial, labelled, in order to using.
Preparation gives the clothes processing method with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
To young ewe, be 3.0 milliliter administrations according to every part total amount summer-autumn:
1. medicine weighing
Analytical balance weighing Progesterone 24mg, estradiol 0.3mg pulverize respectively.
2, get sterilization edible vegetable oil 0.57ml and in glass dish, heat, be cooled to 50 ℃ thereafter, add the Progesterone, the estradiol that pulverize to 250 ℃ of following 20min of maintenance; Stir, dissolve; Pour dissolved medicinal liquid into another container, undissolved medicinal liquid is continued to heat to 80 ℃, place 30min; With twice dissolved medicinal liquid mix homogeneously.
3, admixing medical solutions is sealed respectively in the 50ml that packs into, 100ml, the 200ml vial, labelled, in order to using.
Preparation gives the clothes processing method with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Preparation summer-autumn preparation:
1. medicine weighing
Analytical balance weighing Progesterone 24mg, estradiol 1mg pulverize respectively.
2, get sterilization edible vegetable oil 0.5ml and in glass dish, heat, be cooled to 50 ℃ thereafter, add the Progesterone, the estradiol that pulverize to 250 ℃ of following 20min of maintenance; Stir, dissolve; Pour dissolved medicinal liquid into another container, undissolved medicinal liquid is continued to heat to 80 ℃, place 30min; With twice dissolved medicinal liquid mix homogeneously.
3, admixing medical solutions is sealed respectively in the 50ml that packs into, 100ml, the 200ml vial, labelled, in order to using.
Preparation gives the clothes processing method with embodiment 1.
Requirement.

Claims (3)

1. progesterone composite preparation that is used for regulating and controlling estrus of goat, it is characterized in that said preparation by spring-winter and summer-autumn two kinds of preparations form, formulated by following raw material and percentage by weight:
Spring-winter:
Progesterone 85.71%~86.67%, estradiol 3.00%~3.43%, edible vegetable oil 10.33%~10.86%;
Summer-autumn:
Progesterone 68.57%~80.00%, estradiol 1.00%~3.30%, edible vegetable oil 16.70%~28.57%;
Press following process production:
A. take by weighing Progesterone and estradiol respectively by proportional quantity, pulverize respectively;
B. get sterilization edible vegetable oil 0.2ml and in glass dish, heat, be cooled to 50 ℃ thereafter, add the Progesterone, the estradiol that pulverize to 250 ℃ of following 20min of maintenance; Stir, dissolve; Pour dissolved medicinal liquid into another container, undissolved medicinal liquid is continued to heat to 70 ℃-80 ℃, place 30min; With twice dissolved medicinal liquid mix homogeneously.
C. admixing medical solutions is sealed respectively in the 50ml that packs into, 100ml, the 200ml vial, labelled.
2. a kind of progesterone composite preparation that is used for regulating and controlling estrus of goat according to claim 1 is characterized in that described raw material and percentage by weight are to the ewe that grows up:
Spring-winter:
Progesterone 85.71%, estradiol 3.43%, edible vegetable oil 10.86%;
Summer-autumn:
Progesterone 68.57%, estradiol 2.86%, edible vegetable oil 28.57%.
3. a kind of progesterone composite preparation that is used for regulating and controlling estrus of goat according to claim 1 is characterized in that to young ewe, described raw material and percentage by weight are:
Spring-winter:
Progesterone 86.67%, estradiol 3.00%, edible vegetable oil 10.33%.
Summer-autumn:
Progesterone 80.00%, estradiol 1.00%, edible vegetable oil 19.00%.
CN 201010199543 2010-06-08 2010-06-08 Progesterone composite preparation for regulating and controlling estrus of goat Pending CN101856360A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109601474A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-04-12 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 A kind of breeding method of novel high breeding performance kind sheep

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1120311A (en) * 1993-04-07 1996-04-10 阿斯特拉公司 Pharmaceutical composition containing lipophilic drugs

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1120311A (en) * 1993-04-07 1996-04-10 阿斯特拉公司 Pharmaceutical composition containing lipophilic drugs

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
《农业科技与装备》 20100331 邵孟跃等 绒山羊同期发情的药物处理方法 63-64 1-3 , 第3期 2 *
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》 19991231 张居农等 非繁殖季节诱导母羊发情优选方案的研究 12-13 1-3 , 第4期 2 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109601474A (en) * 2018-12-11 2019-04-12 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 A kind of breeding method of novel high breeding performance kind sheep

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