CN101855323A - Gear oil compositions, methods of making and using thereof - Google Patents

Gear oil compositions, methods of making and using thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101855323A
CN101855323A CN200880115874A CN200880115874A CN101855323A CN 101855323 A CN101855323 A CN 101855323A CN 200880115874 A CN200880115874 A CN 200880115874A CN 200880115874 A CN200880115874 A CN 200880115874A CN 101855323 A CN101855323 A CN 101855323A
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composition
oil
under
pao
viscosity
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A·G·希
T·米勒
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Chevron USA Inc
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Chevron USA Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

A gear oil composition is provided. The composition comprises a synergistic blend of mineral oil base stock and polyalphaolefin (PAO) base stock for the oil composition to have a traction coefficient at a slide to roll ratio of 40 percent at 15 mm2/s. of 0.030 or less and a pressure viscosity coefficient of at least 16.0 at 80 DEG C, 20 Newton load, and 1.1 m/s rolling speed. In one embodiment, the synergistic amount of PAO base stock ranges from 5 to 48 wt. % based on the total weight of the gear oil composition.

Description

Gear oil composition, its preparation and using method
The cross reference of related application
The application is that the continuation of the U.S. Patent Application Serial Number 11/863,068 of submission on September 27th, 2007 is partly applied for, incorporates its disclosure into this paper by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to and be suitable as lubricant, more specifically be used as the composition of gear oil.
Background
Gear oil is used for industrial application and mobile equipment for example automobile, tractor or the like (being referred to as " equipment ").When using in some applications, gear oil exists as the oil film between the moving-member (for example traction drive device).In the traction drive device was used, power was by the transmission of gear oil film.Use in (for example hypoid gear of final reduction gear) at some, wish very much formation/reservation heavy oil film between gear.Oil film thickness is increased to enough levels and can protects friction surface not to be damaged, and improves gear and/or bearing fatigue life and load tolerance characteristic greatly.
Drag coefficient equals the required power of travelling load divided by this load.The easy degree that this coefficient numeric representation lubricant film is sheared.Wish that gear oil has low traction coefficient, because drag coefficient is low more, the energy that dissipates owing to the lubricant shearing is few more.
Except having low traction coefficient, importantly has high pressure-viscous modulus for gear oil.Pressure-viscosity coefficient (" PVC ") is meant the relation between the oil film thickness (viscosity) at load (pressure) on the oil film that places dynamic load district place when all other factorses (material, temperature, geometry, speed, load) are constant and this load place.According to estimating that as the mathematics of being mentioned among AGMA (AGMA) the information table AGMA 925-A03 pressure-viscosity coefficient at specified conditions group (the elastohydrodynamics state is also referred to as EHL or EHD state) lower gear oil is a fixed value for oil film thickness.Wish that gear oil has the high PVC value.
U.S. Patent Publication discloses gear oil composition No. 2007/0027042, and it comprises two kinds of mineral base oil and/or alkyl synthetic oils with different motion viscosity, and a kind of kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is 3.5-7mm 2/ s, another kind of kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is 20-52mm 2/ s.U.S. Patent Publication discloses gear oil composition No. 2007/0078070, and it comprises at least a II class oil base stock and at least a low volatility low viscosity polyalphaolefin base material.
Still need to have low traction coefficient, the gear oil composition of high pressure-viscous modulus and best film thickness character.
Summary of the invention
On the one hand, the present invention relates to gear oil composition, it comprises: a) contain at least a polyalphaolefin base material and be 3-120mm 100 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity 2/ s and viscosity index are the base oil of the synergistic mixt of at least 60 mineral oil basis oil plant; B) at least a additive of 0.001-30wt%, described additive are selected from traction depressant (traction reducers), dispersion agent, viscosity modifier, pour point reducer, defoamer, oxidation inhibitor, rust-preventive agent, metal passivator, extreme pressure agent, friction improving agent and their mixture; Wherein said polyalphaolefin so that described gear oil composition 40% slides/rolls than under at 15mm 2Drag coefficient under the/s be 0.030 or the lower and pressure-viscosity coefficient under 80 ℃, 20 newton's load and 1.1m/s rolling speed be 16.0GPa at least -1Collaborative amount exist.
On the other hand, the present invention relates to improve the method for the drag coefficient character of gear oil, described method comprise at least a polyalphaolefin that in the base oil that is generally used for preparing gear oil, adds collaborative amount so that described gear oil at 15mm 2Drag coefficient under the/s is 0.030 or lower.In one embodiment, based on the gross weight of described gear oil composition, the q.s that is added to the polyalphaolefin in the base oil base-material is 5-48wt%.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 is for comparing the graphic representation of the pressure-viscosity coefficient of the gear unit compound of embodiment 1-5 under the differing temps.
Fig. 2 is for comparing the graphic representation of the film thickness of the gear unit compound of embodiment 1-5 under the differing temps.
Describe in detail
Unless otherwise stated, otherwise following term will run through this specification sheets uses and will have following implication.
" kinematic viscosity " is that the measuring result of resistance to flow of the dirty body of gravity is (with mm 2/ s is a unit), measure by ASTM D445-06.
" viscosity index " is a numerical value experiment, no unit (VI), and the expression temperature variation is to the influence of the kinematic viscosity of oil.The VI of oil is high more, then its viscosity with temperature and the tendency that changes is just low more.Viscosity index is pressed ASTM D2270-04 and is measured.
Cold cranking simulator apparent viscosity (CCS VIS) is to be the observed value of unit with milli handkerchief mPa.S second, is used to measure the adhesion properties of lubricating base oil under low temperature and shear conditions.CCS VIS is measured by ASTM D 5293-04.
The boiling Range Distribution Analysis of base oil is represented with wt%, is to adopt simulation distil method (SIMDIS) to measure by ASTM D 6352-04 " the gas chromatography determination boiling range is the boiling Range Distribution Analysis of 174-700 ℃ petroleum distillate ".
" Noack volatility " represented with wt% by the oil quality definition, and when oil heating under 250 ℃, the loss amount when taking them out of 60 minutes with the constant airflow is measured according to ASTM D5800-05 program B.
Use brookfield viscosity to determine the inner fluid frictional force of cold temperature operating period lubricant, it can be measured by ASTM D2983-04.
" pour point " is the temperature of measuring when the base oil sample will begin to flow under the condition of specific careful control, can measure it by ASTM D 5950-02.
" spontaneous ignition temperature " is the temperature of fluid can light automatically when contacting with air the time, and it can be measured by ASTM 659-78.
" drag coefficient " is an intrinsic lubricant properties index, nondimensional with frictional force F and normal force N than value representation, wherein frictional force be a kind of opposing or hinder slide or rolling surface between the mechanical force of motion.Drag coefficient can be measured with the MTM traction measuring system of PCS Instr Ltd., and this system is furnished with the polishing ball (SAE AISI52100 steel) of a diameter 19mm, and it becomes 22 degree angles with the smooth polishing disk (SAE AISI 52100 steel) of a diameter 46mm.Steel ball and disk are measured independently under the following conditions: the average rolling speed of 3 meter per seconds, slide with roll than be 40% and load be 20 newton.The rolling ratio is defined as the V-bar of the difference of sliding velocity between ball and the dish divided by ball and dish, ratio=(speed 1-speed 2)/((speed 1+ speed 2)/2) of promptly rolling.
Molecular weight is measured by ASTM D2503-92 (checking and approving again in 2002).Described method is used the thermoelectric measurement (VPO) of vapor pressure.Under the insufficient situation of sample volume, can use alternative ASTM D2502-04 method; And, it is pointed out in the place of this method of use.
Density is measured by ASTM D4052-96 (2002 check and approve once more).To use the variation of the oscillation frequency that causes by described pipe quality change to come working sample density in the sample introducing vibration sample tube and in conjunction with calibration data.
Component A-V class polyalphaolefin (" PAO "): the component A of base oil base-material is the mixture of IV class base oil or different IV class base oil.IV class oil base stock is made up of polyalphaolefin (" PAO "), and those of the less II class of additive dependency oil and III class oil is compared, and it provides volatility, thermostability, oxidative stability and the pour point characteristic of excellence.
PAO comprises the hydrocarbon that a class is made by catalytic oligomerization (aggregating into low molecular weight product) linear alpha olefin, the typical range of described linear alpha olefin for the 1-octene to the 1-dodecylene, but also can use for example polymkeric substance of ethene and propylene of light alkene, comprise the multipolymer of ethene and higher alkene.High viscosity PAO can alpha-olefines polymerization is incompatible to be made easily by making under polymerizing catalyst (Fischer-Tropsch catalyst for example for example comprises for example ethanol, propyl alcohol or butanols, carboxylic acid or the ester complex compound of ethyl acetate or ethyl propionate for example of aluminum chloride, boron trifluoride or boron trifluoride and water, alcohol) existence.
In one embodiment, used PAO is mainly alpha-olefin, just linear end position alkene." mainly " is meant that described PAO contains the above alpha-olefin of 50 moles of % of having an appointment.In another embodiment, described PAO is high viscosity PAO, and it comprises the hydrogenation polymkeric substance or the oligopolymer of alpha-olefin.Described alpha-olefin includes but not limited to C 2To about C 32Alpha-olefin, for example 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecylene or the like.In one embodiment, described PAO is the alpha-olefin that is selected from poly--1-octene, poly--1-decene and the poly--1-dodecylene.
The PAO product that uses in the described composition can have the viscosity of wide region, from low viscosity (about 2mm under 100 ℃ 2/ s) high streaming fluid changes to 100 ℃ of following viscosity and surpasses 1000mm 2The viscous substance of the higher molecular weight of/s (cSt).In one embodiment, the PAO product has 40-500mm under 40 ℃ 2The viscosity of/s (cSt).In one embodiment, as the viscosity of the PAO of component A under 40 ℃ more than or equal to about 80mm 2/ s and under 100 ℃, be less than or equal to about 20mm 2/ s.In another embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of described PAO oil base stock under 40 ℃ at 80-110mm 2In/s the scope, and its kinematic viscosity is 10-16mm down at 100 ℃ 2/ s and viscosity index are 140-160.In yet another embodiment, described PAO oil base stock is the temper of different PAO, and a kind of have 30-60mm under 40 ℃ 2The viscosity of/s and another kind have 300-600mm under 40 ℃ 2The viscosity of/s makes the PAO temper have 100mm under 40 ℃ 2The viscosity of/s.
B component-mineral oil: B component is mineral oil or mineral oil mixture.Described mineral oil can be the mixture that paraffinic oil and cycloalkanes belong to any or they in the oil.Mineral oil can for example process that solvent deasphalting, solvent extraction, hydrocracking, solvent dewaxing, catalytic dewaxing, hydrofining, vitriolization and clay treatment obtain by the lubricating oil distillate that generates by air distillation or vacuum distillation crude oil being carried out one or more refinings.
In one embodiment, the synthetic oil that can contain the 50wt% that accounts for described gear oil composition gross weight or lower amount as the mineral oil of the B component synthetic oil of poly-alpha-olefin, ethene-alpha-olefin copolymer and ester group for example.
In one embodiment, B component is that 100 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity are 3-120mm 2/ s and viscosity index are at least 60 mineral oil (or temper of mineral oil and/or alkyl synthetic oil).In another embodiment, B component is that 100 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity are 2.3-3.4mm 2/ s and be 70 or higher mineral oil by the %Cp of ASTM D 3238 (R2000) definition, ASTM D 3238 is for calculating the carbon distribution of oil and the standard test methods of type analysis by the ndM method.In yet another embodiment, B component is that 40 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity are less than 80mm 2The base oil base-material of/s, it comprises the mixture of following each thing: 100 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity are 3.5-7mm 2" low viscosity " mineral oil and/or the synthetic oil of/s; With 100 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity be 20-52mm 2" high viscosity " of/s is based on the oil and/or the alkyl synthetic oil of mineral.
In one embodiment, described base oil base-material contain the mineral oil of capacity and PAO oil make the kinematic viscosity of described base oil base-material under 100 ℃ at 10mm 2/ s and 15mm 2Between/the s; Kinematic viscosity under 40 ℃ at 95mm 2/ s and 110mm 2Between/the s; And viscosity index is between 95 and 175. The component that other is optional: mix the mineral oil of collaborative amount and PAO oil and make composition have low traction coefficient and do not need traction depressant of the prior art.Yet, in one embodiment, can mix in the described gear oil composition drawing depressant (for example 0.5-10wt%) on a small quantity.The example of traction depressant comprises the Norpar of ExxonMobil TMFluid (comprising normal paraffin), Isopar TMFluid (comprising isomerization alkanes), Exxsol TMFluid (hydrocarbon fluid that comprises dearomatization), Varsol TMFluid (comprising aliphatic hydrocarbon fluids) and their mixture.
In one embodiment, described gear oil composition comprise 0.01-30wt% one or more be selected from the additive of following each thing: dispersion agent, viscosity index improver, pour point reducer, defoamer, oxidation inhibitor, rust-preventive agent, metal passivator, extreme pressure agent, friction improving agent etc., to satisfy diversified characteristic, for example with relevant characteristics such as friction, oxidative stability, degree of cleaning and froth breakings.
The example of dispersion agent comprises the dispersion agent based on polybutylene-based Succinic Acid imide, polybutylene-based succinamide, phenmethyl amine, succinate, Succinic Acid ester-acid amide and its boron derivative.In use, common amount with 0.05-7wt% adopts ashless dispersant.In one embodiment, described dispersion agent is selected from polyethylene polyamine (for example triethylene tetramine five amine) and is polyolefine and the unsaturated poly carboxylic acid of about 700-1400 or the reaction product that acid anhydrides (for example maleic anhydride) reacts the acid anhydrides of the hydrocarbon replacement that makes by making molecular weight.
The example of metal detergent comprise the sulfonate that contains calcium, magnesium, barium etc., phenates, salicylate metal detergent.When using metal detergent, mix with the amount of 0.05-5wt% usually.
The example of oxidation inhibitor includes but not limited to amido oxidation inhibitor, for example alkylating pentanoic, phenyl-a-naphthylamine and alkylating phenyl-x-naphthylamines; Based on the oxidation inhibitor of phenol, for example 2,6 di t butyl phenol, 4,4 '-methylene-bis-(2,6 di t butyl phenol) and 3-(3, the 5-di-tert-butyl-hydroxy phenyl) the different monooctyl ester of propionic acid; Based on the oxidation inhibitor of sulphur, for example 3,3 '-Tyox B; And zinc dithiophosphate.In use, oxidation inhibitor mixes with the amount of 0.05-5wt%.
The optional amount that can 10-100ppm of defoamer is mixed.The example of defoamer includes but not limited to dimethyl polysiloxane, polyacrylic ester and its fluorine derivative and PFPE.Rust-preventive agent can 0-30wt% amount use.Example comprises lipid acid, alkenyl succinic acid half ester, fatty acid soaps, alkylsulfonate, polyvalent alcohol/fatty acid ester, fatty acid amine, oxidized petroleum wax and alkyl polyoxyethylene ether.
The friction improving agent can 0.05-5wt% amount mix.Example includes but not limited to the amine salt of compound, lipid acid, higher alcohols, fatty acid ester, sulfurized ester, phosphoric acid ester, acid phosphoric acid ester, acid phosphorous acid ester and phosphoric acid ester based on organic-molybdenum.
Anti-wear agent and/or extreme pressure agent can 0.1-10wt% amount mix.The example of anti-wear agent and/or extreme pressure agent comprises the S-contained substance of no metal, comprises olefine sulfide, dialkyl polysulfide, diaryl polysulfide, sulfurized fat and oil, sulfide aliphatic acid ester, three thioketones (trithione), sulfurized C 2-C 8Monoolefine oligopolymer, thiophosphoric acid compound, sulfuration terpenes, Thiourethane compound, thio-carbonate compound, sulfoxide, mercaptan-sulfinic acid ester or the like.Other example comprises the phosphorous wear-resisting and/or extreme-pressure additive of no metal, for example part of the amine salt of the ester of phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid and phosphoric acid ester and above-mentioned substance and all thip-analogues.In one embodiment, described composition comprises the acid phosphoric acid ester as anti-wear agent, and wherein this reagent has formula R 1O (R 2O) P (O) OH, wherein R 1Be hydrogen or alkyl and R 2Be alkyl.
Pour point reducer can 0.05-10wt% amount mix.Example includes but not limited to condenses, polymethacrylate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethene, chlorinated wax-naphthalene condenses, vinyl-acetic ester-fumarate multipolymer of condenses, chlorinated paraffin and the phenol of ethylene, chlorinated paraffin and naphthalene or the like.
In one embodiment, described composition also comprises at least a as solubilizing agent in polyoxyalkylene glycol, polyoxyalkylene glycol ether and the ester, and its amount is 10-25wt%.Example comprises the ester of diprotic acid (for example phthalic acid, Succinic Acid, dialkyl succinylsuccinate, alkenyl succinic acid, toxilic acid, nonane diacid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, fumaric acid or hexanodioic acid or linoleic acid dimer) and alcohol (for example butanols, hexanol, 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol, lauryl alcohol, ethylene glycol, monoalkyl ethers of diethylene glycol or propylene glycol); With the monocarboxylic acid of 5-18 carbon atom and the ester of polyvalent alcohol (for example neopentyl glycol, TriMethylolPropane(TMP), tetramethylolmethane, Dipentaerythritol or tripentaerythritol); The polyoxyalkylene glycol ester; And phosphoric acid ester.
In one embodiment, described composition also comprises at least a metal passivator, and is specially copper passivator sometimes.Example comprises thiazole, triazole and thiadiazoles.The specific examples of described thiazole and thiadiazoles comprises 2-sulfydryl-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-sulfydryl-5-alkyl sulfo--1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-sulfydryl-5-alkyl dithio-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5-pair-(alkyl sulfo-)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 2,5-pair-(alkyl dithio)-1,3, the 4-thiadiazoles.Other suitable copper corrosion inhibitor comprises tetrahydroglyoxaline, above-mentioned substance, or the like.
In one embodiment, described composition also comprises at least a viscosity modifier, and its amount is 0.50-10wt%.The example of viscosity modifier includes but not limited to the set of polymethacrylate type polymkeric substance, ethylene-propylene copolymer, styrene-isoprene multipolymer, hydration styrene-isoprene multipolymer, polyisobutene and their mixture.In one embodiment, described viscosity modifier is that weight-average molecular weight is 25,000-150,000 and shear stability index be 500 less than 5 polymethacrylate and weight-average molecular weight, 000-1,000,000 and shear stability index be the temper of the polymethacrylate of 25-60.
Gear oil composition of the present invention is characterised in that to have mineral base oil material and the PAO oil base stock that makes described composition have the collaborative amount of low traction coefficient, high pressure-viscous modulus and best film thickness character.In one embodiment, the PAO oil base stock should collaborative amount be 5-48wt% (based on the gross weight of described gear oil composition).In second embodiment, the collaborative amount of PAO oil base stock is 15-40wt%.In the 3rd embodiment, the collaborative amount of PAO oil base stock is 25-30wt%.In the 4th embodiment, the collaborative amount of PAO oil base stock is 40wt% at least.In the 5th embodiment, the collaborative amount of PAO oil base stock is 10-35wt%.
In one embodiment, to comprise 40 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity of the temper of following each thing: 5-48wt% (based on the gross weight of described gear oil composition) be 70-120mm to described gear oil 2/ s, 100 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity are 12-18mm 2/ s and viscosity index are the PAO oil base stock of 130-160; With 40 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity of 25-75wt% be 40-120mm 2/ s, 100 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity are 8-14mm 2/ s and viscosity index are the II class neutral base oil of 80-120.
Character: in one embodiment, the gear oil composition of synergistic combination with mineral base oil and isomerization base oil is at 15mm 2Drag coefficient under the/s is 0.030 or lower, at 80 ℃, 20 newton's load and 1.1m/s rolling speed overdraft viscous modulus greater than 15.0GPa -1And at 80 ℃ of following film thicknesses greater than 175nm.In another embodiment, described gear oil composition is 130nm at 90 ℃ of following film thicknesses down for 160nm at least or at 100 ℃.In the 3rd embodiment, described gear oil composition is 15.0GPa at least at temperature, 20 newton's load and the 1.1m/s rolling speed overdraft viscous modulus of 70-100 ℃ of scope -1In the 4th embodiment, described gear oil composition is at 15mm 2Under/the s 40% slides/rolls than under drag coefficient be 0.030 or lower.
Be used as in the embodiment of automobile gear oil at one, described composition meets the SAE J306 specification of specifying viscosity grade.For example, according to the specification of SAE J-306, after the test in 20 hours, the measurement viscosity under 100 ℃ (212) of SAE 90 gear oils must surpass 13.5mm 2/ s.
In yet another embodiment, described composition meets at least a in commercial size SAE J2360, API GL-5 and API MT-1 and the military specification MIL-PRF-2105E level of quality.
The preparation method: can be blended in the base oil blends individually or with various sub-combinations thereof forms by the additive that the preparation gear oil composition is used.In one embodiment, all components uses multifunctional additive for lubricating oils (be that additive adds thinner, for example hydrocarbon solvent) to be in harmonious proportion simultaneously.The benefit of using multifunctional additive for lubricating oils to bring is that mutual capacitive is provided when each composition merges with the multifunctional additive for lubricating oils form.
In another embodiment, described composition by proper temperature for example 60 ℃ of following mixed base oils and additive up to evenly preparing.
Use: described composition can be used in any system, and described system comprises the gear that contains any kind of and the part or the parts of rolling part bearing.In one embodiment, described composition is as the lubricated industrial gear gear oil of straight tooth gear and conical gear, spiral wheel and spiral bevel gear, hypoid gear, worm screw or the like for example.In another embodiment, described composition is used for automobile/mobile equipment to be used and parts, comprises the differentiator in aircraft propulsion, aircraft speed change gear, wind turbine gear, automobile drive mechanism, speed change gear, transfer case and automobile, truck and other machine.In yet another embodiment, described composition is used for the high-load wheel casing that wind turbine, plastics extruder wheel casing and power generation system or paper, iron and steel, oil product, weaving, timber, Cement industry are used, or the like.
EmbodimentThe non-limitative illustration of following examples as each side of the present invention is provided.Except as otherwise noted, otherwise the component among the embodiment following (and in table 1, representing) with wt%:
RLOP is the Chevron that derives from Chevron Corporation TM600R II class heavy neutral oil.
PAO 8 for from the various sources that comprise Chevron Phillips as Synfluid TMPAO 8 cSt are commercially available polyalphaolefin that highly branched different alkane belongs to, the kinematic viscosity under its 100 ℃ are that the kinematic viscosity under about 7.8,40 ℃ is 46.6, viscosity index be 138 and pour point be-57 ℃.
PAO 40 for from the various sources that comprise Chevron Phillips as Synfluid TMPAO 40 cSt are commercially available polyalphaolefin that highly branched different alkane belongs to, the kinematic viscosity under its 100 ℃ are that the kinematic viscosity under about 40,40 ℃ is 410, viscosity index be 145 and pour point be-34 ℃.
The industrial gear sulfur-bearing phosphorus extreme-pressure additive of additive X for buying from various sources.
Kinematic viscosity, refractive index and density are for using the character of methods known in the art based measurement oil base material temper.The drag coefficient of described embodiment middle gear oil uses methods known in the art and device measuring/calculating, being used for of disclosed drag coefficient metering facility or Santotrac design in No. the 6691551st, the United States Patent (USP) for example at least 300, under the high pressure of 000psi under elastohydrodynamics (EHD) state the Twin-Disc machine of measurement.
The EHL film thickness uses methods known in the art, and for example AGMA (AGMA) information table AGMA 925 formula 65 calculate, and wherein the EHL film thickness is established according to the service temperature of element.Oil film thickness is measured the reaction of shape, temperature and the speed on contact surface, ingress by oil.Described thickness depends on entrainment velocity and oil viscosity strongly.Pressure-viscous modulus (" PVC ") quantizes the EHL film generative capacity of gear oil, and it can be measured by currently known methods.PVC can directly measure as the viscosity of the function of pressure by using the high-tension unit assessment, or measures indirectly by measuring film thickness with optical interdferometer.PVC is the logarithm of drafting viscosity and the slope of a curve of pressure.
Experimental result determines to work in coordination with the drag coefficient that at least a PAO oil base stock of adding helps to improve gear oil composition in mineral oil, at 15 ℃ of decline low traction coefficients at least 10%, reach 0.030 or lower, for the composition of at least a PAO oil base stock that contains 25-75wt%, its drag coefficient value is 0.028 or lower.Data determine to mix collaborative amount in the base oil base-material (the base oil base-material that for example contains mineral oil) of gear oil composition of the prior art PAO oil base stock provides and has low traction coefficient the gear oil composition of the optimal properties of wanting of (for example 0.030 or lower) and high pressure viscous modulus or PVC (being greater than 15.0 under the representative temperature of teeth parts at 65 ℃ or higher temperature for example).In one embodiment, add the PVC value that excessive PAO can provide reduction, the PVC value of composition that wherein contains 50-75%PAO is less than the PVC value of comparable pure PAO or minal composition.Therefore, observe antagonistic effect in these cases.
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are that comparison is as the film thickness (refractive index is calibrated) of the gear oil embodiment of the function of temperature and the curve of pressure-viscosity coefficient.As shown in Figure 1, the gear oil composition of being made up of II class neutral oil of the prior art is showed relative demulcent PVC curve substantially, and described PVC curve represents to about 14.0GPa under 100 ℃ -1Or the trend of low drop-out more.The basic gear oil composition of being made up of at least a PAO oil base stock represents the oily low PVC value of 60-70 ℃ of scope internal ratio based on the II class; Its PVC value is being about 15GPa down less than 70 ℃ -1Or lower, its PVC value is 14.4GPa down at about 60 ℃ -1Shown in the embodiment, merging prior art base oil causes the significantly improvement of the 60-100 ℃ of PVC value in the broad range with the PAO oil base stock (for example 75%RLOP 600R and 25%PAO) of the amount of working in coordination with as described, and this is worth greater than 17.6GPa down at about 80 ℃ -1And as shown, said composition is showed good synergy, and the PVC values of measuring under 80 ℃ and 100 ℃ are greater than only PAO base oil or the only respective value of II type gear oil.And as shown, the composition that contains excessive PAO represents adverse effect.Contain 50% or the composition of more PAO show than only PAO base oil or the only low PVC value of corresponding PVC value of prior art II type gear oil down at 80 ℃.Observe maximum antagonistic action for the composition that contains a small amount of II class neutral base oil and a large amount of PAO oil base stock (being 25%RLOP 600R and 75%PAO).Described composition represents the PVC value that antagonism ground reduces in 60-80 ℃ of scope.Table 1
Figure GPA00001137524000111
For the purpose of this specification sheets and claims, unless indicate in addition, other used number of all numbers of expression amount, per-cent or ratio and specification sheets and claim all is interpreted as doing modification with term " about " in all cases.Therefore, unless opposite expressing arranged, the listed numerical parameter of following specification sheets and claims is an approximation, can change according to desirable properties that will reach out for and/or the precision of measuring the instrument of this value, therefore comprise standard deviation in order to the error of the equipment of measuring described value or method.Only refer to that material for the election or material for the election are mutually exclusive unless spell out, although otherwise disclosure propose only to refer to material for the election and " and/or " qualification, use in claims term " or " in order to refer to " and/or ".Word " a kind of " or " one " can mean " a kind of " when " comprising " when being used in combination with term in claims and/or specification sheets, but it also meets " one or more ", " at least a " and " a kind of's or more than a kind of " implication.In addition, all scopes disclosed herein are to comprise also can independently making up of end points.Usually, except as otherwise noted, singular elements can be used for plural meaning and vice versa, and does not lose generality.Term used herein " comprises " and its literal variant mean infinite so that the clauses and subclauses that exemplify out are not got rid of other similar clauses and subclauses that can replace or add listed clauses and subclauses.

Claims (15)

1. gear oil composition comprises:
A) base oil, it comprises at least a polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stock and is 3-120mm 100 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity 2/ s and viscosity index are the mixture of at least 60 mineral base oil material;
B) at least a additive of 0.001-30wt%, described additive are selected from traction depressant, dispersion agent, viscosity modifier, pour point reducer, defoamer, oxidation inhibitor, rust-preventive agent, metal passivator, extreme pressure agent, friction improving agent and their mixture;
Wherein said polyalphaolefin base material so that described gear oil composition 40% slides/rolls than under at 15mm 2Drag coefficient under the/s be 0.030 or the lower and pressure-viscosity coefficient under 80 ℃, 20 newton's load and 1.1m/s rolling speed be 15.0GPa at least -1Collaborative amount exist.
2. the composition of claim 1, wherein, gross weight based on described gear oil composition, the amount of described PAO oil base stock is 5-48wt%, and the pressure-viscous modulus of wherein said gear oil in 70-100 ℃ temperature range, under 20 newton's load and the 1.1m/s rolling speed is 15.5GPa at least -1
3. each composition among the claim 1-2, wherein, based on the gross weight of described gear oil composition, the amount of described PAO oil base stock is 15-40wt%.
4. each composition among the claim 1-3, wherein, based on the gross weight of described gear oil composition, the amount of described PAO oil base stock is 25-35wt%.
5. each composition among the claim 1-4, the wherein said gear oil composition pressure-viscosity coefficient in 70-100 ℃ temperature range, under 20 newton's load and the 1.1m/s rolling speed is 16.0GPa at least -1
6. each composition among the claim 1-5, wherein said gear oil composition 40% slides/rolls than under at 15mm 2Drag coefficient under the/s is less than 0.028.
7. each composition among the claim 1-6, wherein said gear oil composition 40% slides/rolls than under at 15mm 2Drag coefficient under the/s is less than 0.026.
8. each composition among the claim 1-7, the film thickness of wherein said gear oil composition under 80 ℃ is 175nm at least.
9. each composition among the claim 1-8, the film thickness of wherein said gear oil composition under 100 ℃ is 130nm at least.
10. each composition among the claim 1-9, the kinematic viscosity of wherein said PAO oil base stock under 40 ℃ is 40-500mm 2/ s.
11. each composition among the claim 1-10, the kinematic viscosity of wherein said PAO oil base stock under 100 ℃ is 10-16mm 2/ s and viscosity index are 140-160.
12. each composition among the claim 1-11, the kinematic viscosity of wherein said mineral oil under 100 ℃ is 2.3-3.4mm 2/ s and the %Cp that is defined by ASTM D 3238 (R2000) are 70 or higher.
13. each composition among the claim 1-12, wherein said mineral oil are II class neutral base oil, its kinematic viscosity under 40 ℃ is 80-120mm 2/ s, the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is 10-14mm 2/ s and viscosity index are 80-120.
14. a method of improving the traction character of gear oil composition, described method comprise that be 3-120mm to comprising at least a 100 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity 2/ s and viscosity index are at least a polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stock that adds collaborative amount at least in the base oil base-material of 60 mineral oil so that described gear oil composition 40% slides/rolls than under at 15mm 2Drag coefficient under the/s is 0.030 or lower, pressure-viscosity coefficient under 80 ℃, 20 newton's load and 1.1m/s rolling speed be 15.7 or the higher and film thickness under 80 ℃ greater than 175nm, the kinematic viscosity of wherein said PAO oil base stock under 40 ℃ is 80-110mm 2/ s and the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ are 10-16mm 2/ s and viscosity index are 140-160.
15. the method for claim 14, wherein, based on the gross weight of described gear oil composition, the described collaborative amount of at least a polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil base stock is 5-48wt%.
CN200880115874A 2007-09-27 2008-09-10 Gear oil compositions, methods of making and using thereof Pending CN101855323A (en)

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