CN101827922A

CN101827922A - Hydraulic fluid compositions and preparation thereof

Info

Publication number: CN101827922A
Application number: CN200880111669A
Authority: CN
Inventors: T·奥普斯陶; J·M·罗森鲍姆
Original assignee: Chevron USA Inc
Current assignee: Chevron USA Inc
Priority date: 2007-08-28
Filing date: 2008-08-25
Publication date: 2010-09-08
Also published as: US20070293408A1; CA2696847A1; BRPI0815840A2; WO2009032604A1; MX2010002093A; DE112008002258T5; JP2010538121A

Abstract

A hydraulic fluid composition having excellent oxidation stability prepared from an isomerized base oil is provided. The composition comprising (i) 80 to 99.999 wt. % of a lubricating base oil having consecutive numbers of carbon atoms, less than 10 wt% naphthenic carbon by n-d-M; and (ii) 0.001 - 20 wt % of at least an additive package. The hydraulic fluid composition meets the performance specifications of at least one of the JCMAS HK and JCMAS HKB standard specifications issued by the Fuels and Lubricants Technical Committee of Japan Construction Mechanization Association (JCMA).

Description

Hydraulic fluid compositions and preparation thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to hydraulic fluid compositions, and relate more specifically to have the hydraulic fluid compositions of excellent oxidative stability.

Background of invention

Hydraulic efficiency oil is as the transmission of power medium in the hydraulic efficiency system.They are designed in industry, move and for example transmission power and the motion in automobile, tractor, earthmover, building machinery and the hydro-pump etc. of non-moving hydraulic efficiency system.In a kind of concrete application examples such as the hydraulic efficiency system in the building machinery in recent years, apply higher pressure to increase system efficiency with the hydro-pump of reduced size and motor.The oxidation and the thermal destruction of hydraulic efficiency oil quickened in the less ventilation in order to prevent noise of the capacity that reduces of hydraulic efficiency oil storage tank and motor chamber.The fuel and lubricant Technical Committee of JCMA (JCMA) has set up the specification to the hydraulic efficiency oil that uses in mobile Architectural Equipment, be called JCMAS HK and JCMAS HKB (biodegradable hydraulic efficiency oil).

Most of hydraulic efficiency oil are produced by mineral oil.Under oil might escape into occasion in the environment, eco-friendly ester oil was for example based on those of rapeseed oil and/or soybean oil, usually as base oil.Since the last few years, substituting derived base oil is disclosed in many patents are announced and applied for, be US 2006/0289337, US2006/0201851, US2006/0016721, US2006/0016724, US2006/0076267, US2006/020185, US2006/013210, US2005/0241990, US2005/0077208, US2005/0139513, US2005/0139514, US2005/0133409, US2005/0133407, US2005/0261147, US2005/0261146, US2005/0261145, US2004/0159582, US7018525, US7083713, US patent application serial numbers 11/400570,11/535165 and 11/613936, they incorporate this paper by reference into.It is Fischer-Tropsch base oil from the explained hereafter of the synthetic waxy feeds that reclaims of Fischer-Tropsch that these documents disclose by raw material wherein.This technology comprises uses dual-function catalyst or the catalyzer of the isomerization paraffinic hydrocarbons dewaxing of the hydroisomerization wholly or in part step of carrying out optionally.By being contacted, waxy feeds and hydroisomerisation catalysts implement the hydroisomerization dewaxing in isomerization zone under the hydroisomerization condition.Described Fischer-Tropsch synthetic is also can be by known method for example commercial

Slurry phase Fischer-tropsch process, commerce Synthetic (SMDS) technology of middle distillment, or by non-commercial Advanced gas transforms (AGC-21) technology and obtains.

Still need hydraulic efficiency oil, particularly satisfy JCMA's specification, have excellent oxidative stability and adopt the functional fluid of alternate hydrocarbon product.

Summary of the invention

In one embodiment, hydraulic fluid compositions is provided, and it comprises: (i) lubricating base oil, and it has the successive carbonatoms, the cycloalkanes that is recorded by the n-d-M method less than 10wt% belongs to carbon, less than the alkene of 0.10wt% with less than the aromatic substance of 0.05wt%; The (ii) at least a additive-package of 0.001-20wt%; Wherein said hydraulic fluid compositions satisfies at least a in JACMAS HK and the JCMAS HKB specification standards.

On the other hand, provide the oxidative degradation that makes the hydraulic efficiency oil that in building machinery, uses minimized method, described method comprises the use hydraulic fluid compositions, this hydraulic fluid compositions comprises: (i) lubricating base oil, it has the successive carbonatoms, the cycloalkanes that is recorded by the n-d-M method less than 10wt% belongs to carbon, less than the alkene of 0.10wt% with less than the aromatic substance of 0.05wt%; The (ii) at least a additive-package of 0.001-20wt%; Wherein said hydraulic fluid compositions satisfies at least a in JACMAS HK and the JCMAS HKB specification standards.

The accompanying drawing summary

Fig. 1 is the figure of variation of the kinematic viscosity of embodiment under 40 ℃ of the hydraulic efficiency oil of contrast prior art in piston pump test and hydraulic efficiency oil of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the hydraulic efficiency oil of contrast prior art in piston pump test and the figure of the hydraulic efficiency oil acid number variation of the embodiment of hydraulic efficiency oil of the present invention.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

Specification will use following term in full, and will have following implication, except as otherwise noted.

Term used herein " hydraulic oil " can with " functional fluid " Alternate, refer to as lubricant, hydraulic oil, automobile transmission liquid, heat transferring medium etc. at commercial Application and the fluid that in mobile and non-moving vehicle and equipment, is used for transferring energy.

" Fischer-tropsch derived " meaning be product, cut or raw material sources in or originate from some stage in fischer-tropsch process." Fischer-Tropsch base oil " used herein can use with " FT base oil ", " FTBO ", " GTL base oil " (GTL: gas becomes liquid) or " Fischer-tropsch derived base oil " exchange.

" isomerized base oil " used herein is meant the base oil of making by the isomerization of waxy feeds.

" waxy feeds " used herein comprises the normal paraffin of 40wt% at least.In one embodiment, waxy feeds comprises the normal paraffin greater than 50wt%.In another embodiment, comprise normal paraffin greater than 75wt%.In one embodiment, waxy feeds also has very low nitrogen and sulphur content, and for example nitrogen and sulphur summation are lower than 25ppm, perhaps are lower than 20ppm in other embodiments.The example of waxy feeds comprises the slack wax of slack wax, de-oiling, the pin oil of refinement, the wax that contains the petroleum derivation of wax lubricant Residual oil, normal paraffin wax, NAO wax, the wax that originates from the chemical plant technological process, de-oiling, Microcrystalline Wax, Fischer-Tropsch wax and their mixture.In one embodiment, the pour point of waxy feeds is higher than 50 ℃.In another embodiment, be higher than 60 ℃.

" pour point depressing blend component " used herein is meant isomerized content of wax product, and the alkyl-branched degree that it has high relatively molecular weight and have regulation in molecule is so that it reduces the pour point of the lubricating base oil temper that contains it.The example of pour point depressing blend component is disclosed in U.S. Patent number 6,150,577 and 7,053,254 and patent publication No. US2005-0247600A1 in.The pour point depressing blend component can be: 1) isomerized Fischer-tropsch derived bottoms; 2) by the bottoms of the mineral oil of isomerized height content of wax preparation, or 3) be at least about 8mm by the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ of vinyon preparation ²The isomerized oil of/s.

" 10% point " of the boiling range of pour point depressing blend component used herein is meant the temperature the when 10wt% of the hydrocarbon that exists in this cut under the normal pressure is evaporated.Temperature when similarly, 90% of each boiling range 90wt% that is meant the hydrocarbon that exists in this cut under the normal pressure is evaporated.Be higher than the sample of 1000 (538 ℃) for boiling range, adopt standard method of analysis D-6352-04 or its equivalent method to measure boiling range.Be lower than the sample of 1000 (538 ℃) for boiling range, can adopt standard method of analysis D-2887-06 or its equivalent method to measure boiling Range Distribution Analysis in the present disclosure.Note,, only use 10% point of each boiling range when mentioning when being the pour point depressing blend component of vacuum distilling bottoms, because it is derived from tower bottom distillate, this irrelevant 90% or boiling point upper limit

" kinematic viscosity " be fluid when flowing under gravity with mm ²Measuring of the resistance of/s meter adopts ASTM D445-06 to measure.

" viscosity index " is a numerical value experiment, no unit (VI), and the expression temperature variation is to the influence of the kinematic viscosity of oil.The VI of oil is high more, then its viscosity with temperature and the tendency that changes is just low more.Viscosity index is pressed ASTM D2270-04 and is measured.

Cold cranking simulator apparent viscosity (CCS VIS) is to be the observed value of unit with milli handkerchief mPa.s second, is used to measure the adhesion properties of lubricating base oil under low temperature and shear conditions.CCSVIS is measured by ASTM D 5293-04.

The boiling Range Distribution Analysis of base oil is represented with wt%, is to adopt simulation distil method (SIMDIS) to measure by ASTM D 6352-04 " the gas chromatography determination boiling range is the boiling Range Distribution Analysis of 174-700 ℃ petroleum distillate ".

" Noack volatility " represented with wt% by the oil quality definition, and when oil heating under 250 ℃, the loss amount when taking them out of 60 minutes with the constant airflow is measured according to ASTMD5800-05 program B.

Use brookfield viscosity to determine the inner fluid frictional force of cold temperature operating period lubricant, it can be measured by ASTM D2983-04.

" pour point " is the temperature of measuring when the base oil sample will begin to flow under the condition of specific careful control, can measure it by ASTM D 5950-02.

Temperature in the time of can lighting automatically when " spontaneous ignition temperature " is the liquid-to-air contact, it can be measured by ASTM 659-78.

" Ln " is meant with e to be the natural logarithm at the end.

" drag coefficient " is an intrinsic lubricant properties index, nondimensional with frictional force F and normal force N than value representation, wherein frictional force be a kind of opposing or hinder slide or rolling surface between the mechanical force of motion.Drag coefficient can be measured with the MTM traction measuring system of PCS Instr Ltd., this system is furnished with the polishing ball (SAE AISI52100 steel) of a diameter 19mm, and it becomes 220 degree angles with the smooth polishing disk (SAE AISI 52100 steel) of a diameter 46mm.Steel ball and disk are measured independently under the following conditions: the average rolling speed of 3 meter per seconds, slide with roll than be 40% and load be 20 newton.The rolling ratio is defined as between ball and the dish sliding velocity difference divided by the V-bar of ball and dish, ratio=(speed 1-speed 2)/((speed 1+ speed 2)/2) of promptly rolling.

The meaning of " successive carbonatoms " used herein is that base oil has the hydrocarbon molecule distribution of containing a certain carbon number range, promptly has each number of carbon number intermediary.For example, base oil can have the hydrocarbon molecule of each carbon number of scope in from C22 to C36 or from C30 to C60.The hydrocarbon molecule of base oil differs the successive carbonatoms each other, is because waxy feeds also has the successive carbonatoms.For example, in the Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbon building-up reactions, source of carbon atoms is CO, and hydrocarbon molecule increases a carbon atom at every turn.The waxy feeds of petroleum derivation has the successive carbonatoms.With anti-based on the oil phase of poly-alpha olefins (PAO), the molecule of isomerized base oil has more linear structure, comprise have short-chain branch than the long bone frame.The classical textbook of PAO is described as star-shaped molecule, three decane (tridecane) particularly, and it can be illustrated as three decane molecules that are connected on the central point.Although star-shaped molecule is theoretic, have still less and longer side chain but the PAO molecular ratio constitutes the hydrocarbon molecule of isomerized base oil disclosed herein.

" have the molecule that cycloalkanes belongs to functional group " and be meant any molecule of the stable hydrocarbon group of monocyclic or fused polycycle, or the stable hydrocarbon group that contains monocyclic or fused polycycle is as one or more substituent any molecules.

" have the molecule that mononaphthene belongs to functional group " and be meant any molecule of monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group base or had 3-7 any molecule that encircles the single monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group base replacement of carbon with 3-7 ring carbon.

Any molecule that " has the molecule that polynaphthene belongs to functional group " and be meant any molecule of fused polycycle stable hydrocarbon cyclic group, replaced by one or more fused polycycle stable hydrocarbon cyclic groups that 2 or more a plurality of fused rings are arranged or by any molecule more than 1 the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group base replacement that 3-7 ring carbon is arranged with two or more fused rings.

Have cycloalkanes belong to functional group molecule, have mononaphthene and belong to the molecule of functional group and have polynaphthene and belong to the molecule of functional group with reported in weight percent, and the proton N MR that adopts field ionization mass spectrum (FIMS), is used to survey the HPLC-UV of aromatic substance and is used to survey alkene combines and measures, and this paper will further describe comprehensively.

Oxidizer BN measures the response of lubricating oil in the simulation application.Value is high more or say that the long more stability that shows of time that absorbs 1 liter of oxygen is good more.Oxidizer BN can measure (" oxidation of white oil " of R.W.Dornte, Industrial andEngineering Chemistry, 28 volumes with Dornte type oxygen absorption equipment, 26 pages, 1936), condition determination is 340 1 atmospheric pure oxygens down, absorbs 1000ml O with 100g oil ₂Hours report.In oxidizer BN test, every 100g oil uses the 0.8ml catalyzer.Catalyzer is the mixture of soluble metal naphthenate of the average metal analysis of simulation exhausted crankcase oil.Additive-package is the double focusing propylene phenyl zinc dithiophosphate of every 100g oil 80mmol.

Characterization of molecules can adopt the method well known in the art that comprises field ionization mass spectrum (FIMS) and n-d-M analysis (ASTMD3238-95 (2005 issue again)) to carry out.In FIMS, base oil is characterized by alkane and the molecule with different unsaturated numbers.Molecule with different unsaturated numbers can comprise naphthenic hydrocarbon, alkene and aromatic substance.If aromatic substance exists with significant quantity, then they to be recognized as 4-unsaturated.When alkene existed with significant quantity, it is unsaturated that they are recognized as 1-.The summation that 1-is unsaturated, 2-is unsaturated, 3-is unsaturated, 4-is unsaturated, 5-is unsaturated and 6-is unsaturated during FIMS analyzes, deduct the alkene wt% that obtains by proton N MR, deduct the aromatic substance wt% that obtains by HPLC-UV again, have the total weight percent that cycloalkanes belongs to molecule of functional group exactly.If do not measure aromatic content, think that then it is less than 0.1wt% and is not included in and has cycloalkanes and belong among the calculating of total weight percent of molecule of functional group.Have total weight percent that cycloalkanes belongs to the molecule of functional group and be have mononaphthene belong to functional group molecule weight percent and have the weight percent sum that polynaphthene belongs to the molecule of functional group.

Molecular weight is measured with ASTM D2503-92 (2002 issue again).Described method adopts the thermoelectric measurement (VPO) of vapour pressure.Under the insufficient situation of sample volume, can adopt alternative method ASTM D2502-94, and use this method markers to understand this method.

Density is measured by ASTMD4052-96 (2002 issue again).Sample is introduced the vibration sample hose and will be changed the oscillation frequency changing value that causes combines to determine sample with correction data density because of the pipe quality.

The weight percent of alkene can be measured with proton-NMR by the specified step of this paper.In the great majority test, alkene is conventional alkene, being those distributed mixtures with alkene type of the hydrogen that is connected on the double key carbon, for example is α, vinylidene, cis, trans and trisubstituted alkene, and the ratio of detectable allyl group and alkene integration is between 1 and 2.5.When this ratio surpasses approximately 3 the time, just show three or the quaternary alkene that there are higher percent, must make in the analysis field known other hypothesis to calculate the double key number amount in sample.Step is as follows: the A) solution of test hydrocarbon in deuterochloroform of preparation 5-10wt%; B) obtain the normality proton spectrum of 12ppm spectral width at least and accurately with reference to chemical shift (ppm) axle.Employed this instrument must have competent gain margin, so that picked up signal and do not make susceptor/ADC overload, for example when 30 ° of pulses of employing, this instrument must have 65000 minimum signal digitizing dynamicrange.In one embodiment, this instrument dynamic range is at least 260000; C) measure following interval integrated intensity: 6.0-4.5ppm (alkene), 2.2-1.9ppm (allyl group), 1.9-0.5ppm (saturates); D) determine the molecular weight of tester with ASTM D2503-92 (2002 issue again), carry out following calculating: 1. the average mark minor of stable hydrocarbon; 2. the average mark minor of alkene; 3. total integrated intensity (=all integrated intensity sums); 4. the integrated intensity of each sample hydrogen (number of the hydrogen in=total integration/molecular formula); 5. the number of alkene hydrogen (integration of=alkene integration/each hydrogen); 6. the number of two keys (hydrogen/2 in=alkene hydrogen * olefin hydrocarbon molecules formula); With the hydrogen number in hydrogen number/typical tester molecule in the number * typical olefin hydrocarbon molecules of the 7. alkene wt%=100 * two keys that obtain by proton N MR.In this test, when the result of olefin percentage is low, when promptly being less than about 15wt%, obtaining alkene wt% by proton N MR calculation procedure D and work well especially.

In one embodiment, measure the weight percent of aromatic substance with HPLC-UV.In one embodiment, use Hewlett Packard 1050 serial quaternary gradient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems to test, this system is connected with HP 1050 diode array UV-Vis detectors, is the interface with the HP chem workstation.Confirm each aromatic substance type in the HI SA highly saturated base oil according to UV spectrogram and elution time.The nh 2 column that is used for this analysis is mainly distinguished aromatic molecules based on their number of rings (or double key number).Therefore, the molecule that contains monocyclic aromatics is wash-out at first, is the sequentially eluting that polynuclear aromatic compound increases progressively by double key number in the per molecule then.For the aromatic substance with similar pair of key feature, those that have only on the ring that alkyl replaces get faster than there being cycloalkanes to belong to substituent those wash-outs.Differentiate clearly that from the UV absorption spectrum of various base oil aromatic hydrocarbons they are that peak transition of electron by recognizing them realizes with respect to whole red shift degree of pure model compound analogue, this red shift degree depends on the alkyl on the member ring systems and the amount of cycloalkyl substituted.Come the aromatic substance of wash-out is carried out quantitatively by integral chromatogram, wherein this color atlas is made in the appropriate retention time window for this aromatic substance by the wavelength to the compound optimization of each big class.Compound by artificial evaluation wash-out is appropriate aromatic species in the absorption spectrum separately of different time and based on the qualitative resemblance of they and model compound absorption spectrum with their ownership, comes to determine the retention time window limits for each aromatic species thus.

HPLC-UV proofreaies and correct.In one embodiment, even under the very low situation of content, also can identify the type of these aromatic substance with HPLC-UV, for example polynuclear aromatic compound is stronger 10 to 200 times than the absorption of monocyclic aromatics usually.Alkyl replaces the influence to being absorbed with 20%.Determine at the 272nm place for the 1-ring of co-elute and the integration boundaries of 2-cyclophane compounds of group by the vertical line dropping method.By setting up Beer law figure,, at first determine the response factor that depends on wavelength of every class aromatic substance based on the spectrum peak absorbancy the most close with the aromatics analogue of described replacement from pure model compound mixture.Be approximately equal to the molecular-weight average of whole base oil sample by the molecular-weight average of supposing each class aromatic substance, calculate the weight percent concentration of aromatic substance.

NMR analyzes.In one embodiment, the weight percent that has all molecules of at least one aromatic functional group in single aromatic substance standard model that the carbon 13NMR analysis confirmation by long duration is purified.Aromatic substance by the 95-99% in the saturated base oil of known altitude is a monocyclic aromatics, and NMR result is converted into aromatic molecules % (for consistent with HPLC-UV and D2007) from aromatics carbon %.In another test, in order accurately to measure all molecules of low levels by NMR with at least one aromatic functional group, modification standard D5292-99 method (issuing again in 2004) has 15 hours time length of operation on the 400-500MHz NMR of 10-12mmNalorac probe to provide 500: 1 minimum carbon sensitivity (by ASTM standard practices E386).Use Acorn PC integration software to define the shape of baseline and integration as one man.

The degree of branching is meant the number of alkyl branches in the hydrocarbon.Branching and branch position can use carbon-13 ( ¹³C) measure by following nine footworks: 1) determine CH branching center and CH with DEPT pulse sequence ₃Branching terminating point (Doddrell, D.T.; D.T.Pegg; M.R.Bendall, Journalof Magnetic Resonance 1982,48,323ff.); 2) confirm to lack carbon (quaternary carbon) (Patt, the S.L. that causes a plurality of side chains with APT pulse sequence; J.N.Shoolery, Journal ofMagnetic Resonance 1982,46,535ff.); 3) with tabulated value as known in the art and calculated value various branched carbon resonance are pointed out to concrete side chain position and length (Lindeman, L.P., Journal of Qualitative Analytical Chemistry 43,1971 1245ff; Netzel, D.A. waits the people, Fuel, 60,1981,307ff.); 4) estimate the relative branching density in different carbon locations place (it equals the carbon number of per molecule in total mark/mixture) by the integrated intensity of the appointment carbon of methyl/alkyl relatively with the intensity of single carbon.For the 2-methyl branch, end position methyl occurs at identical resonant position with branched chain methyl, before the estimation branching density with intensity divided by two.If 4-methyl branch part is calculated and is tabulated, for fear of dual calculating, essential contribution of deducting it to the 4+ methyl; 5) calculate average carbon number, average carbon number is that the molecular weight of sample is determined divided by 14 (the chemical formula weight of CH2); 6) the side chain number of per molecule is the side chain sum of finding in the step 4; 7) (step 6) multiply by 100 and calculates the number of the alkyl branches of per 100 carbon atoms divided by average carbon number by the side chain number of per molecule; 8), represent with the per-cent of methyl hydrogen (chemical shift range 0.6-1.05ppm) in total hydrogen of NMR estimation in the liquid hydrocarbon composition with 1H NMR analytical estimating branch index (BI); 9) use ¹³CNMR estimates the branching degree of approach (BP), represents with the per-cent of multiple mesomethylene carbon (it is apart from end group or branch 4 or more a plurality of carbon (by the NMR signal representative at 29.9ppm place)) in the total carbon of NMR estimation in the liquid hydrocarbon composition.Available any fourier transformation NMR spectrometer is measured, and for example has the spectrometer of 7.0T or bigger magnet.With mass spectrum, UV or NMR measure confirm there is not aromatics carbon after, will ¹³The spectrum width of C NMR research is limited to the saturated carbon zone, with respect to TMS (tetramethylsilane) 0-80ppm.The solution of 25-50wt% in chloroform-d1 excites with 30 degree pulses, then is 1.3 seconds detection times.For uneven intensity data is minimized, use the contrary door of broadband proton (inverse-gated) to separate idol in 6 seconds deferring procedures before excitation pulse and in detection process.Mix the Cr (acac) of 0.03-0.05M in the sample ₃(tri acetylacetonato-chromium (III)) is as relaxation reagent.DEPT and APT sequence are undertaken by document description, and the description in Varian or the Bruker operational manual has fine difference.DEPT is the undistorted enhancing by polarization transfer.DEPT 45 sequences provide the signal of all carbon of binding to the proton.90 of DEPT show CH carbon.DEPT 135 expression CH and CH upwards ₃And the CH of phase phasic difference 180 degree (downwards) ₂APT is the test of bonded proton well known in the art.As seen it make all carbon, but if CH and CH ₃Make progress, then quaternary carbon and CH ₂Downwards.With ¹³The branching character of C NMR working sample, use following hypothesis in calculating: all sample is isomerization alkanes.Unsaturates content can be measured with field ionization mass spectrum (FIMS).

In one embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions comprises the optional additive of 0.001-20wt% in based on the base oil base-material of said composition gross weight 80-99.999wt% or base oil blends.

Base oil component: in one embodiment, described base oil base-material or their temper comprise at least a isomerized base oil, and this isomerized base oil itself, its cut or raw material stem from or result from isomerization reaction (Fischer-tropsch derived base oil) from the waxy feeds of Fischer-tropsch process.In another embodiment, described base oil comprises the isomerized base oil that at least a wax stock (waxy feeds) that is belonged to by alkane is basically made.

Fischer-tropsch derived base oil is disclosed in during many patents announce, comprises for example U.S. Patent number 6080301,6090989,6165949 and U.S. Patent Publication No. US2004/0079678A1, US20050133409, US20060289337.Fischer-tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction, and wherein carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into various forms of liquid hydrocarbons, comprises lightweight reaction product and content of wax reaction product, and the two all is that alkane belongs to basically.

In one embodiment, isomerized base oil has the successive carbonatoms and is measured by the n-d-M method and is less than 10% cycloalkanes and belongs to carbon.In another embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of isomerized base oil under 100 ℃ of being made by waxy feeds is 1.5 and 3.5mm ²Between/the s.

In one embodiment, isomerized base oil is by making being enough to make base oil to have the method for carrying out the hydroisomerization dewaxing under the condition of following feature: the weight percent that a) has all molecules of at least one aromatic functional group is less than 0.30, b) have the weight percent of all molecules that at least one cycloalkanes belongs to functional group more than 10, c) have mononaphthene belong to functional group molecule weight percent with have polynaphthene belong to functional group molecule weight percent ratio greater than 20 and d) viscosity index is greater than 28 * Ln (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃)+80.

In another embodiment, isomerized base oil is to be made by such method, this method use comprise the noble metal hydrogenation component select that pore size molecular sieve carries out hydroisomerization to the wax that high alkane belongs in the shape under the condition of 600-750 (315-399 ℃).In this method, the condition of control hydroisomerization is so that the wax stock mid-boiling point is higher than the compound of 700 (371 ℃) maintains between 10wt% and the 50wt% to the conversion of compounds rate that boiling point is lower than 700 (371 ℃).The kinematic viscosity of the isomerized base oil of gained under 100 ℃ is 1.0 and 3.5mm ²Be less than 50wt% with the Noack volatility between the/s.This base oil comprises the aromatic substance that cycloalkanes belongs to the molecule of functional group and is less than 0.30wt% that has more than 3wt%.

In one embodiment, the Noack volatility of isomerized base oil is less than the amount of being calculated by following formula: 1000 * (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃) ^-2.7In another embodiment, the Noack volatility of isomerized base oil is less than the amount of being calculated by following formula: 900 * (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃) ^-2.8In the 3rd embodiment, the kinematic viscosity＞1.808mm of isomerized base oil under 100 ℃ ²/ s and Noack volatility are less than the amount of being calculated by following formula: 1.286+20 (kv100) ^-1.5+ 551.8e ^-kv100, wherein kv100 is the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃.In the 4th embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of isomerized base oil under 100 ℃ is less than 4.0mm ²/ s and wt%Noack volatility are between 0 and 100.In the 5th embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of isomerized base oil is 1.5 and 4.0mm ²Between/the s and the Noack volatility less than the Noack volatility of calculating by following formula: 160-40 (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃).

In one embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of isomerized base oil under 100 ℃ is 2.4 and 3.8mm ²In/s the scope and the Noack volatility less than amount by the following formula definition: 900 * (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃) ^-2.8-15.For at 2.4-3.8mm ²Kinematic viscosity in the/s scope, formula: 900 * (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃) ^-2.8-15 Noack volatility that provide are lower than formula: 160-40 (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃).

In one embodiment, described isomerized base oil is to be made by the method that the wax that high alkane is belonged to carries out hydroisomerization, and the reaction conditions of described method makes that the kinematic viscosity of this base oil under 100 ℃ is 3.6-4.2mm ²/ s, viscosity index greater than 130, the wt%Noack volatility less than 12, pour point is lower than-9 ℃.

In one embodiment, the aniline point of described isomerized base oil (in Fahrenheit degree) is greater than 200 and be less than or equal to amount by following formula definition: (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is with mm for 36 * Ln ²/ s meter)+200.

In one embodiment, the spontaneous ignition temperature of described isomerized base oil (AIT) be higher than following formula definition AIT: in ℃ AIT=1.6 * (40 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity are with mm ²/ s meter)+300.In second embodiment, the AIT of this base oil is higher than 329 ℃ and viscosity index, and (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is with mm greater than 28 * Ln ²/ s meter)+100.

In one embodiment, described isomerized base oil has lower drag coefficient, and specifically, its drag coefficient is lower than the amount of being calculated by following formula: (kinematic viscosity is with mm for drag coefficient=0.009 * Ln ²/ s meter)-0.001, wherein the kinematic viscosity in the formula be during drag coefficient is measured kinematic viscosity and 2 and 50mm ²Between/the s.In one embodiment, isomerized base oil is 15mm in kinematic viscosity ²/ s and slippage/rolling are than being that the drag coefficient measured in 40% o'clock is less than 0.023 (or less than 0.021).In another embodiment, isomerized base oil is 15mm in kinematic viscosity ²/ s and slippage/rolling are than being that the drag coefficient measured in 40% o'clock is less than 0.017.In another embodiment, the viscosity index of isomerized base oil is greater than 150 be 15mm in kinematic viscosity ²/ s and slippage/rolling are than being that the drag coefficient measured in 40% o'clock is less than 0.015.

In some embodiments, the isomerized base oil with low traction coefficient has also shown higher kinematic viscosity and higher boiling point.In one embodiment, the drag coefficient of base oil less than 0.015 and the 50wt% boiling point be higher than 565 ℃ (1050 °F).In another embodiment, the drag coefficient of base oil is less than 0.011 be higher than 582 ℃ (1080 °F) by the 50wt% boiling point that ASTM D 6352-04 measures.

In some embodiments, the isomerized base oil with low traction coefficient has also shown unique branching character (being measured by NMR), comprises that branch index is less than or equal to 23.4, and the branching degree of approach is more than or equal to 22.0, and the uncombined carbon index is between 9 and 30.In one embodiment, the cycloalkanes of 4wt% belongs to carbon to use n-d-M assay determination, described base oil to have at least with ASTM D 3238-95 (2005 issue again), and in another embodiment, the cycloalkanes of 5wt% belongs to carbon at least.

In one embodiment, isomerized base oil is produced in following process, wherein the intermediate oil isomer comprises paraffinic components, and wherein the degree of branching is less than 7 alkyl branches of per 100 carbon, and wherein this base oil to comprise the degree of branching be paraffinic components at 2 less than 8 alkyl branches of per 100 carbon and the alkyl branches that is less than 20wt%.In another embodiment, the pour point of FT base oil is lower than-8 ℃, and the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is at least 3.2mm ²/ s and viscosity index are greater than the viscosity index of being calculated by formula=22 * Ln (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃)+132.

In one embodiment, described base oil comprises more than 10wt% and is less than all molecules that cycloalkanes belongs to functional group that have of 70wt%, and have mononaphthene belong to functional group molecule weight percent with have polynaphthene and belong to the ratio of weight percent of molecule of functional group greater than 15.

In one embodiment, the molecular-weight average of isomerized base oil is between 600 and 1100, and the average degree of branching is that per 100 carbon atoms have the alkyl branches between 6.5 and 10 in the molecule.In another embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of isomerized base oil is about 8 and about 25mm ²The average degree of branching is that per 100 carbon atoms have the alkyl branches between 6.5 and 10 between/the s and in the molecule.

In one embodiment, isomerized base oil is to be that 712.4-3562 rises H by the wax that high alkane is belonged in hydrogen/raw material ratio ₂/ rise that the method for carrying out hydroisomerization under the condition of oil obtains, so that have the total weight percent of molecule that cycloalkanes belongs to functional group in this base oil more than 10, and have mononaphthene belong to functional group molecule weight percent with have polynaphthene and belong to the ratio of weight percent of molecule of functional group greater than 15.In another embodiment, the viscosity index of this base oil is greater than the amount of being calculated by formula: 28 * Ln (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃)+95.In the 3rd embodiment, the weight percent of the aromatic substance that this base oil comprises is lower than 0.30, have cycloalkanes and belong to the weight percent of molecule of functional group more than 10, and have mononaphthene belong to functional group molecule weight percent with have polynaphthene belong to functional group molecule weight percent ratio greater than 20 and viscosity index greater than 28 * Ln (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃)+110.In the 4th embodiment, this base oil further has under 100 ℃ greater than 6mm ²The kinematic viscosity of/s.In the 5th embodiment, the weight percent of the aromatic substance that base oil has be lower than 0.05 and viscosity index greater than 28 * Ln (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃)+95.In the 6th embodiment, the weight percent of the aromatic substance that base oil contains is lower than 0.30, have the weight percent of molecule that cycloalkanes belongs to functional group greater than the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ (with mm ²/ s meter) multiply by 3, and have molecule that mononaphthene belongs to functional group and have polynaphthene and belong to the ratio of molecule of functional group greater than 15.

In one embodiment, described isomerized base oil contains cycloalkanes between 2% and 10% and belongs to carbon (being measured by the n-d-M method).In one embodiment, this base oil has at 100 ℃ of following 1.5-3.0mm of being ²The kinematic viscosity of/s and the cycloalkanes of 2-3% belong to carbon.In another embodiment, the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is 1.8-3.5mm ²It is 2.5-4% that/s and cycloalkanes belong to carbon.In the 3rd embodiment, the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is 3-6mm ²It is 2.7-5% that/s and cycloalkanes belong to carbon.In the 4th embodiment, the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is 10-30mm ²/ s and cycloalkanes belong to carbon more than 5.2%.

In one embodiment, the molecular-weight average of described isomerized base oil is greater than 475, viscosity index greater than 140 and olefin percentage be less than 10.This base oil can improve the air release property matter and the low whipability of mixture in being incorporated into described hydraulic fluid compositions the time.

In one embodiment, described isomerized base oil is a disclosed white oil in U.S. Patent number 7214307 and U.S. Patent application US20060016724.In one embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of described isomerized base oil under 100 ℃ is at about 1.5cSt and 36mm ²Between/the s, viscosity index is greater than the amount by following formula calculated: viscosity index=28 * Ln (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃)+95, have cycloalkanes belong to functional group molecule weight percentage 5 and less than 18 between, have the weight percentage of molecule that polynaphthene belongs to functional group less than 1.2, pour point is+20 or bigger less than 0 ℃ and Saybolt color.In one embodiment, described hydraulic composition adopts at least a base oil of forming by above-mentioned isomerized base oil.In another embodiment, described composition is made up of at least a Fischer-Tropsch base oil basically.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil comprises isomerized base oil, this isomerized base oil has the aromatic substance between 0.001-0.05wt% and is measured greater than 600 molecular weight and the alkene of 0-0.10wt% by ASTMD2503-92 (issuing again in 2002).In another embodiment, the molecular weight of described isomerized base oil is greater than 650.In the 3rd embodiment, the cycloalkanes that has that described isomerized base oil has greater than 25wt% belongs to whole molecules of functional group and has molecule that mononaphthene belongs to functional group and have polynaphthene and belong to the ratio of molecule of functional group greater than 10.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil comprises isomerized base oil, and the kinematic viscosity of this isomerized base oil under 100 ℃ is 6 and 20mm ²Between/the s, the kinematic viscosity under 40 ℃ is 30 and 120mm ²Between/the s, viscosity index is between 150 and 165, cold start-up viscosity is 3000-50000mPa.s down at-30 ℃, is 2000-20000mPa.s down at-25 ℃, and pour point is-2 to-30 ℃, molecular weight is 500-800, density is 0.820-0.840, and alkane belongs to carbon in the 92-95% scope, and cycloalkanes belongs to carbon in the 5-8% scope, oxidizer BN is that 30-60 hour and Noack volatility are 0.50-5wt%.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions adopts the oil of the another kind of at least type of at least a isomerized base oil (or mixture of isomerized base oil) and optional 5-50wt% (based on the weight of this base oil base-material), for example is selected from vegetables oil (for example soybean oil, Trisun Oil R 80, vegetable seed wet goods), the defined I class of API interchange guidelines, II class, III class, IV class and V series lubricant agent base oil and their mixture of lubricants base oil.Depend on application, example comprises conventional mineral oil, synthetic hydrocarbon oil or synthetic ester oil or their mixture that uses.The mineral lubricating oils oil base stock can be the oil base stock derived from alkane belongs to, cycloalkanes belongs to and any routine of mixed base crude oil (mixed base crudes) is refined.Spendable ucon oil comprises the ester and the mixed ester of glycol.Spendable other synthetic oil comprises synthetic hydrocarbon, for example polyalphaolefin; Alkylbenzene is for example from the alkylide bottoms of the alkylated reaction of benzene and tetrapropylene; Or the multipolymer of ethene and propylene; Silicone oil, for example ethylphenyl polysiloxane, methyl polysiloxane etc.; Polyglycol oil, for example make butanols and propylene oxide condensation and obtain those; Or the like.Other suitable synthetic oil comprises polyphenylene ether, for example has those of 3-7 ehter bond and 4-8 phenyl.Other suitable synthetic oil comprises polyisobutene and for example alkylating naphthalene of alkylating aromatic substance.

Extra component: described hydraulic fluid compositions is characterised in that the oxidative stability that adds minimum oxidation additive and have excellence.Yet oxidation inhibitor (oxidation additive) can be randomly adds with the amount of the minimizing of 0.01-1wt%.The example of oxidation inhibitor includes but not limited to phenolic antioxidant, aromatic amine oxidation inhibitor, sulfurized phenolic antioxidant and organic phosphite etc.The example of phenolic antioxidant comprises 2,6 di t butyl phenol; The phenol of tert-butylation, 2,6 di tert butyl 4 methyl phenol, 4,2,2 '-liquid mixture of methylene-bis (4-methyl-6-tert butyl phenol); The polyalkylbenzene phenol of blended methylene-bridged; 4,4 '-thiobis (2-methyl-6-tert butyl phenol), 4,4 '-butylidene-two (3 methy 6 tert butyl phenols), 4,4 '-isopropylidene-two (2,6-two-tert.-butyl phenol), 2,2 '-methylene radical-two (4-methyl-6-nonylphenol), 2,2 '-isobutylene-two (4, the 6-xylenol), 2,6-two-tertiary butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-two-tertiary butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-the tertiary butyl-phenol, 2,6-two-uncle-1-dimethylamino-p-cresols, 2,6-two-uncle-4-(N, N '-dimethylaminomethyl phenol), 4,4 '-thiobis (2-methyl-6-tert butyl phenol), 2,2 '-thiobis (4-methyl-6-tert butyl phenol), two (3-methyl-4-hydroxyl-uncle 5--10-butyl benzyl)-thioethers, two (3,5-two-tertiary butyl-4-hydroxy benzyl), 2,2 '-5-methylene radical-two (4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), N, N '-two sec-butyls-phenylenediamine, 4-sec.-propyl amino-diphenyl-amine, phenyl-, the diphenylamine of phenyl-and cycloalkylation.Example comprises the derivative of phenol, xenol and styracin of the tert-butylation that is obstructed in the space and their combination.In another embodiment, described oxidation inhibitor is the organic phosphonate with at least one direct C-P key.The oxidation retarder of diphenylamine type includes but not limited to alkylating diphenylamine, phenyl-and alkylating Alpha-Naphthyl amine.The oxidation retarder of other type comprises the dithiocar-bamate (for example zinc dithiocarbamate) and the 15-methylene-bis (dibutyl dithiocaarbamate ester) of metal.

In one embodiment, described composition randomly comprises the sealer swelling agent of 0.01-1wt%.In another embodiment, the content of sealer swelling agent is less than 0.5wt%.The example of known optional sealer swelling agent includes but not limited to phthalic acid dioctyl ester, uncle's diamide, sebacic acid dioctyl ester, polyol ester, the carboxylicesters of side chain and their mixture.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions also comprises at least a viscosity index improver of 0.001-6wt%.In one embodiment, employed viscosity index improver is to be selected from the improving agent of polyacrylic ester or polymethacrylate and to comprise vinyl aromatic units and the unitary mixture of polymers that contains the carboxyl of esterification.In one embodiment, first viscosity index improver is that molecular-weight average is polyacrylic ester or the polymethacrylate of 10000-60000.In another embodiment, second viscosity index improving agent comprises vinyl aromatic units and contains the unit of the carboxyl of esterification, and its molecular-weight average is 100000-200000.In another embodiment, described viscosity index improver is that weight-average molecular weight be 25000-150000 and shear stability index less than 5 polymethacrylate viscosity index rising agent and weight-average molecular weight is that 500000-1000000 and shear stability index are the blend of the polymethacrylate viscosity index rising agent of 25-60.In another embodiment, described viscosity index improver is selected from styrene-isoprene multipolymer, polyisobutene and their mixture of polymethacrylate type polymkeric substance, ethylene-propylene copolymer, styrene-isoprene multipolymer, hydration.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil also comprises at least a tensio-active agent, or is also referred to as dispersion agent, and it is divided into anionic, cationic, amphoteric ion type or non-ionic type usually.In some embodiments, dispersion agent can use separately or the dispersion agent of one or more kinds or type is used in combination.Example comprises oil-soluble dispersion agent, and it is selected from succinimide dispersants, succinate dispersion agent, succsinic acid ester-acid amide dispersion agent, the strange alkali dispersion agent of Manny, their form of phosphorylation and the form of their borated.These dispersion agents can by can with the acidic molecular end-blocking of secondary amino group reaction.The molecular weight of alkyl can be 600-3000,750-2500 for example, and further 900-1500 for example.In one embodiment, described dispersion agent be selected from alkenyl succinimide, with the alkenyl succinimide of other organic compound modification, the dispersion thing, polymeric amide ashless dispersant etc. of dispersion thing, alkaline earth metal borate of alkali metal borate of alkenyl succinimide, tetramethylolmethane, phenates-salicylate and their reprocessed analogue, basic metal or blended basic metal, alkaline earth metal borate, hydration or the mixture of these dispersion agents with diethyl carbonate or boric acid aftertreatment modification.

In certain embodiments, described ashless dispersant can comprise many ethene polyamine for example the carboxylic acid that replaces of triethylene tetramine or tetraethylene pentamine and hydrocarbon or acid anhydrides (it is by for example maleic anhydride, toxilic acid, the fumaric acid etc. of polyisobutene and undersaturated polycarboxylic acid or acid anhydrides for example of the polyolefine with suitable molecular weight, the mixture that comprises two or more these type of materials, the reaction and prepare) reaction product.In another embodiment, described ashless dispersant is the dispersion agent of borated.The dispersion agent of borated can generate by the ashless dispersant (for example succinimide dispersants, succinic diamide dispersion agent, succinate dispersion agent, succsinic acid ester-acid amide dispersion agent, the strange alkali dispersion agent of Manny or alkylamine or polyamine dispersant) that has basic nitrogen and/or at least one hydroxyl in the molecule is carried out borated (boronation).

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil also comprises one or more metal detergents.The example of metal detergent comprises the oil-soluble neutral salt or the overbasic salt of basic metal or alkaline-earth metal and following one or more acidic substance (or their mixture): (1) sulfonic acid, (2) carboxylic acid, (3) Whitfield's ointment, (4) alkylphenol, (5) sulfurized alkylphenol, (6) be characterised in that the organic phosphoric acid of at least one direct C-P key, for example phosphonate.This organophosphorus acid can comprise those that prepare with phosphorization agent (for example phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus heptasulfide, thiophosphoric anhydride, tri-chlorination p and s, white phosphorus and halogenation sulphur or mercaptan are for phosphoryl chloride (phosphorothioic chloride)) processing olefin polymer (for example molecular weight is 1000 polyisobutene).In another embodiment, described metal detergent is selected from metal-salt and their chemistry and mixture physics of metal-salt, the alkyl or alkenyl polyprotonic acid of metal-salt, alkyl or alkenyl hydroxyaromatic sulfonate, sulfurized or unvulcanized alkyl or alkenyl naphthenate, the paraffinic acid of sulfonate, sulfurized or the unvulcanized polyhydroxy alkyl or the alkenyl aromatic compound of sulfurized or unvulcanized alkyl or alkenyl phenates, alkyl or alkenyl aromatic sulphonate, borated.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil also comprises at least a corrosion inhibitor that is selected from thiazole, triazole and thiadiazoles.This type of examples for compounds comprises benzotriazole, tolytriazole, octyl group triazole, decyl triazole, dodecyl triazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-sulfydryl-5-alkyl sulfo--1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-sulfydryl-5-alkyl dithio-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2, two (the alkyl sulfo-s)-1,3 of 5-, 4-thiadiazoles and 2, two (the alkyl dithio)-1,3 of 5-, the 4-thiadiazoles.Suitable compound comprises 1,3, and the 4-thiadiazoles wherein manyly can be used as commercial article and obtains and also comprise for example tolytriazole and 1,3 of triazole, 5-thiadiazoles for example 2, two (the alkyl dithio)-1,3 of 5-, the combination of 4-thiadiazoles.Usually synthetic described 1,3 by hydrazine and dithiocarbonic anhydride by known method, the 4-thiadiazoles.Referring to for example U.S. Patent number 2,765,289,2,749,311,2,760,933,2,850,453,2,910,439,3,663,561,3,862,798 and 3,840,549.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions also comprises corrosion or the corrosion inhibitor that is selected from monocarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acid.Suitable monocarboxylic example is sad, capric acid and dodecylic acid.Suitable polycarboxylic acid comprises dimer and the tripolymer acid by the acid generation of for example ready denier oil acid, oleic acid, linolic acid etc.The rust oxidation of another kind of useful type can comprise alkenyl succinic acid and alkenyl succinic anhydride corrosion inhibitor, for example tetrapropylene base succsinic acid, tetrapropenyl succinic anhydride, tetradecene base succsinic acid, tetradecene base succinyl oxide, cetene base succsinic acid, cetene base succinyl oxide etc.The alkenyl succinic acid that also usefully has 8-24 carbon atom in the thiazolinyl and alcohol is the half ester of polyoxyethylene glycol for example.Corrosion that other is suitable or corrosion inhibitor comprise ether amine; Acid phosphate; Amine; The compound of polyethoxylated is amine, the phenol of ethoxylation and the alcohol of ethoxylation of ethoxylation for example; Tetrahydroglyoxaline; Aminosuccinic acid or derivatives thereof etc.Can use the mixture of these corrosions or corrosion inhibitor.Other example of rust oxidation comprises the calcium sulphonate of phenol, neutral calcium sulphonate and the alkalescence of polyethoxylated.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil also comprises at least a friction modifiers, and this friction modifiers is selected from aliphatic amide, acid amides, glyceryl ester, tetrahydroglyoxaline, Fatty Alcohol(C12-C14 and C12-C18), lipid acid, the amine of succinimide, double amber imide, alkylating aliphatic amide, ethoxylation, ester, other ester, phosphoric acid salt, phosphite, phosphonate and their mixture of borated.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions also comprises at least a antiwear additive.Examples of such agents includes but not limited to phosphoric acid salt, carbaminate, ester and molybdenum complex.In one embodiment, described antiwear additive is selected from the amine salt of zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), alkyl phosphite, trialkyl phosphite and phosphate dialkyl ester and mono alkyl ester.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil randomly comprise capacity pour point reducer so that the pour point of this hydraulic efficiency oil than low at least 3 ℃ of the pour point of the temper that does not have this pour point reducer.Pour point reducer is known in the art and includes but not limited to the condensation product of the ester of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers, polymethacrylate, polyacrylic ester, polyacrylamide, halogenated alkane chloroflo and aromatic substance; The carboxylic acid vinyl ester polymer; With the vinyl ester of dialkyl fumarate, lipid acid, the terpolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer; The alkyl phenol formaldehyde condensation resins; Alkyl vinyl ether; Olefin copolymer and their mixture.

In one embodiment, described pour point reducer is the pour point depressing blend component.In one embodiment, described pour point depressing blend component is isomerized Fischer-tropsch derived vacuum distilling bottoms, and it is for obtaining the high boiling point syncrude fraction of alkyl-branched degree isomerization under controlled condition in the specified per molecule.The mixture that comprises various hydrocarbon solids, liquid hydrocarbon and carburet hydrogen by the synthetic crude of fischer-tropsch process preparation.When Fischer-Tropsch wax when for example hydrotreatment and distillation are converted into the Fischer-Tropsch base oil by the whole bag of tricks, the base oil that is produced falls in the different narrow fraction range of viscosities.Remaining bottoms itself is not suitable for use in lubricating base oil and usually is recirculated to the product that the hydrocracking unit changes into lower molecular weight usually after reclaiming the lubrication base oil distillate from vacuum column.

In one embodiment, described pour point depressing blend component be molecular-weight average between 600-1100 and in the molecule the average degree of branching be the isomerized Fischer-tropsch derived vacuum distilling bottoms that per 100 carbon atoms have the alkyl branches between 6.5 and 10.Usually, the hydrocarbon of higher molecular weight is more effective as the more low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon of pour point depressing blend component.In one embodiment, employing makes the higher cut point that obtains the higher bottoms in the vacuum distilling unit prepare the pour point depressing blend component.High cut point makes the productive rate advantage of higher of overhead product base oil fractions in addition.In one embodiment, the pour point depressing blend component is isomerized Fischer-tropsch derived vacuum distilling bottoms, and its pour point will go the pour point of the overhead product base oil that is in harmonious proportion to exceed at least 3 ℃ than it.

In one embodiment, for 10% of the boiling range of the described pour point depressing blend component of vacuum distilling bottoms between about 850-1050 °F (454-565 ℃).In another embodiment, the pour point depressing blend component is derived from fischer-tropsch process or petroleum product, and its boiling range is higher than 950 °F (510 ℃), and contains the paraffinic hydrocarbons of 50wt% at least.In another embodiment, the boiling range of pour point depressing blend component is higher than 1050 °F (565 ℃).

In another embodiment, described pour point depressing blend component is the base oil of isomerized petroleum derivation, and it contains boiling range and is higher than about 1050 material.In one embodiment, this isomerized bottom materials as before the pour point depressing blend component by solvent dewaxing.Find, compare with the oily product that reclaims after the solvent dewaxing, in the solvent dewaxing process from the pour point depressing blend component further isolated content of wax product, demonstrate the performance of excellent improved reduction pour point.

In one embodiment, in the molecule that has of described pour point depressing blend component the average degree of branching in per 100 carbon atom 6.5-10 alkyl branches scope.In another embodiment, the molecular-weight average of pour point depressing blend component is between 600-1100.In the 3rd embodiment, between 700-1000.In one embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of pour point depressing blend component under 100 ℃ is 8-30mm ²/ s, 10% of the bottoms boiling range is between about 850-1050 °F.In another embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of pour point depressing blend component under 100 ℃ is 15-20mm ²/ s and pour point are-8 to-12 ℃.

In another embodiment, described pour point depressing blend component is to be at least about 8mm by the kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ that vinyon is made ²The isomerized oil of/s.In another embodiment, the pour point depressing blend component is made by plastic waste.In another embodiment, the pour point depressing blend component is to be made by the method that may further comprise the steps: with the vinyon pyrolysis, isolate heavy ingredient, with the heavy ingredient hydrotreatment, the kinematic viscosity of the heavy ingredient after the hydrotreatment being carried out isoversion and collecting under 100 ℃ is at least about 8mm ²The pour point depressing blend component of/s.In one embodiment, have the boiling range that is higher than 1050 (565 ℃), or even be higher than the boiling range of 1200 (649 ℃) derived from the pour point depressing blend component of vinyon.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil also comprises the agent (EP/AW agent) of at least a extreme-pressure anti-wear damage.Phosphoric acid salt, the dithiophosphates that example comprises dialkyl group-1-zinc dithiophosphate (primary alkyl, secondary alkyl and aryl type), diphenylsulfide, trichlorine methyl stearate, chlorating naphthalene, fluoroalkylpolysiloxane, lead naphthenate, neutralized and do not have sulfate-phosphate.

Except those of foregoing description, described hydraulic efficiency oil also can comprise conventional additive.Example includes but not limited to tinting material; Metal passivator is two salicylidene propylene diamine, triazole derivative, thiadiazoles derivative and mercaptobenzimidazole for example; Defoamer and defrother be methacrylate polymer and dimethylsilane polymkeric substance for example; And/or exhaust gas additive.Can add these additives so that for example many viscosity grades function to be provided.

In one embodiment, described extra component adds as the additive-package of fully preparing, described additive-package is fully prepared to satisfy the requirement of original equipment manufacturer for hydraulic efficiency oil, for example gives hydraulic efficiency oil to satisfy the ability of experiment table test and dynamic test.Can partly use this bag to obtain described lubricant compositions according to the requirement of concrete equipment.Be used for the additive of hydraulic efficiency oil and the example of additive-package and be disclosed in U.S. Patent number 5,635, in 459 and 5,843,873.In one embodiment, described additive-package comprises following material etc.: metallic purification agent for example its amount for the overbasic calcium sulfonate detergents of 1-2% (for example 1.41%) etc.; Oxidation inhibitor or antiwear agents for example its amount are the zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate of 1-2% (for example 1.69%); The nitrogenous dispersion agent of the friction modifiers of 0.5-2% (for example 1.03%) and 0.1-2% (for example 0.25%) is succinimide dispersants for example.If wish, also can have other conventional component.

In the above-mentioned additive some can provide multiple effect.Therefore for example single additive can serve as dispersion agent and oxidation retarder simultaneously.In one embodiment, when described hydraulic efficiency oil contained in the above-mentioned additive one or more, every kind of additive was usually can make this additive provide the amount of the function of its expectation to be blended in the base oil.Although not necessarily, wish that also one or more multifunctional additive for lubricating oils (at least a enriched material that contains in the above-mentioned additive is known as " additive-package " sometimes) that comprise additive of preparation add in the described hydraulic fluid compositions.Final composition can adopt this enriched material of about 0.001-20wt%, and remaining is the oil with lubricant viscosity.These components can be blended and can be blended as the combination of component with any order.

The preparation method: thus can be respectively or be blended into the base oil base-material with each additive that various sub-combinations thereof modes will be used for preparing this hydraulic fluid compositions and generate described hydraulic efficiency oil.In one embodiment, use multifunctional additive for lubricating oils (being for example hydrocarbon solvent of additive+thinner) that all components is in harmonious proportion into simultaneously.The benefit of using multifunctional additive for lubricating oils to bring is that mutual capacitive is provided when each composition merges with the multifunctional additive for lubricating oils form.

In another embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions is to make by under for example about 60 ℃ of proper temperature base oil base-material and independent each additive or additive-package being mixed to homogeneous phase.

Character: in one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil is characterised in that to have excellent oxidative stability, promptly satisfies the over-all properties specification of JACMAS HK.During the rotten JCMA of the part of hydraulic efficiency oil tests under the contractive condition that for example completely cuts off in simulated field is used, based on pressing oil oxidation stability: a) variation of fluid viscosity with the evaluating liquid that gets off; B) increase of acid number; C) amount of the greasy filth of Sheng Chenging; And d) variation of the copper content in the fluid.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil is characterised in that to have excellent oxidative stability, and its kinematic viscosity that had in 1000 hour time period less than 5% (comparing with initial viscosity) in JCMAS HK test changes (change).In second embodiment, the viscosity change in 1000 hour time period is less than 2.5%.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions is characterised in that and is very suitable for using that viscosity index (VI) is at least 140 in wide temperature range.In another embodiment, the VI of described hydraulic efficiency oil is at least 150.In the 3rd embodiment, VI is at least 160.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions is characterised in that being particularly suitable for using (for example driving in the electric hydrostatic control of engine) at the fire prevention fluidic that requires to use flash-point to be at least 270 ℃ in power plant uses.In second embodiment, described hydraulic pressure oil flash is at least 280 ℃.In one embodiment, the spontaneous ignition temperature of described hydraulic fluid compositions is at least 360 ℃.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic efficiency oil be characterised in that its have under 50 ℃ by ASTM D3427-06 record less than 0.8 minute fabulous air release property matter and low foaming tendency and the sequence II foaming tendency measured by ASTM D892-03 less than 50ml.

In one embodiment, the described hydraulic fluid compositions of forming by for example Fischer-tropsch derived base oil of at least a isomerized base oil basically shown from inherent biodegradable＞30% biodegradable to being easy to＞OECD 301D level in 90% the scope.JCMASHKB is the specification that is used for the biodegradable hydraulic efficiency oil of building machinery, the standard of current biodegradable be according to testing method for example OECD 301D measure in 28 days at least 60% or more.In one embodiment, contain 40 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity＜100mm ²The hydraulic fluid compositions of the isomerized base oil of/s presents about 30% OECD 301D biodegradable.In second embodiment, contain 40 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity＜40mm ²The hydraulic fluid compositions of the isomerized base oil of/s presents about 40% OECD 301D biodegradable.In the 3rd embodiment, have 40 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity＜8mm ²The hydraulic fluid compositions of the base oil base-material of/s presents 〉=40% OECD 301D biodegradable.In the 4th embodiment, have 40 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity＜11mm ²The hydraulic fluid compositions of the base oil base-material of/s presents about 80% OECD 301D biodegradable.In the 5th embodiment, have 40 ℃ of following kinematic viscosity＜6mm ²The hydraulic fluid compositions of the base oil base-material of/s presents＞93% OECD 301D biodegradable.

In one embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions has the RPVOT by ASTM D2272-02 mensuration greater than 600 minutes.In another embodiment, RPVOT was greater than 1000 minutes.In the 3rd embodiment, the cold start-up viscosity of described hydraulic fluid compositions is 4000-50000cP down at-30 ℃, is 1000-25000cP down at-25 ℃.In another embodiment, the kinematic viscosity of described hydraulic fluid compositions under 40 ℃ is 10-800mm ²/ s.

Use: in one embodiment, described composition is used for hydro-pump.In the reliability of whole hydraulic efficiency system, pump and motor properties are the factors of most critical.The vital role of hydro-pump is that energy is transformed into the hydraulic pressure energy from electric energy or mechanical energy, for example volumetric flow rate and pressure.

In another embodiment, described hydraulic fluid compositions is fed in the hydraulic efficiency oil storage tank for the treatment of lubricated equipment, and from then on be fed on the moving parts of equipment itself, equipment that described equipment includes but not limited to move and that do not move includes but not limited to turbine, tractor and leaves the mobile equipment of highway.Moving parts comprises transmission mechanism, static pressure transmission mechanism, wheel casing, driving mechanism, hydraulic efficiency system etc.

Providing following examples illustrates as the nonrestrictive of each side of the present invention.

Embodiment prepares each embodiment by each component of mixing the amount of Table 1.JCMASHK standard specifications according to the exploitation of the fuel and lubricant Technical Committee of JCMA (JCMA) is carried out the piston pump test to formulation.

The FTBO base oil is from the Chevron company of CA San Ramon.The FTBO basis oil properties that is used for embodiment is shown in Table 4.

Nexbase ^TMThe 3060th, from the III class base oil colourless, that the shortening isomerization also dewaxes of Neste oil product company.

Pennzoil ^TMHC 575 is the II class mineral oil from the state company of Pennzoil-Quaker.

Additive 1 is corrosion and the oxidation package that is available commercially.

To be that triaryl phosphate is ashless resistance to wear and extreme-pressure additive additive 2.

Additive 3 is to have the active and active ashless multifunction additive phosphamide of rust protection of extreme pressure, generally contains 4.9% phosphorus and 2.7% nitrogen.

Additive 4 is tolytriazole derivant metal passivators.

Additive 5 is the dehydrated sorbitol mono-fatty acid esters that are available commercially.

Additive 6 is polyalkyl methacrylate (C11-C20).

Additive 7 is low-molecular-weight organic crylic acid base polymers.

Experimental result shows, the corrosion of given same amount, resistance to wears and oxidation additive, and prescription B (using in Embodiment B 1-B9) is better than containing the prescription A (using) of the II class/III class base oil of prior art in embodiment A 1-B9.Prescription B has caused the sedimental generation of lower amount, result more excellent (RPVOT:1112 is to 578) in the test of rotational pressure vessel oxidation, total acid value (TAN:0.17mgKOH/g is to 0.45mgKOH/g), excellent air discharge (the air release 50 ℃ under: 0 pair 6 minutes) and low foaming tendency (the foam sequence is 0ml in the time of 0/10 minute).

Fig. 1 has contrasted liquid motion viscosity (the test duration section is 0-1000 hour) over time under 40 ℃ between the B at prescription A and prescription, the A that wherein fills a prescription contains the II class/III class base oil of prior art, and prescription B is the embodiment of hydraulic efficiency oil of the present invention.Fig. 2 has contrasted total acid value over time between prescription A and B.Prescription B has shown excellent stability, and small as the fluid viscosity under 40 ℃ and the total acid value variation/change of the function of time, the change in the prescription of prior art is more remarkable by contrast.

Table 1

Table 3

	??FTBO?M	??FTBO?H
	??FTBO?M	??FTBO?H	Kinematic viscosity under 40 ℃, mm ²/s	??42.3	??106.4
Kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃, mm ²/s	??7.929	??16.01	Kinematic viscosity under 40 ℃, mm ²/s	??42.3	??106.4
Kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃, mm ²/s	??7.929	??16.01	Viscosity index	??162	??161
Cold start-up viscosity under-40 ℃, cP	??24,287	??-	Viscosity index	??162	??161
Cold start-up viscosity under-40 ℃, cP	??24,287	??-	Cold start-up viscosity under-35 ℃, cP	??10,149	??-
Cold start-up viscosity under-30 ℃, cP	??4,936	??46,991	Cold start-up viscosity under-35 ℃, cP	??10,149	??-
Cold start-up viscosity under-30 ℃, cP	??4,936	??46,991	Cold start-up viscosity under-25 ℃, cP	??2,584	??18,905
Pour point, ℃	??-11	??-10	Cold start-up viscosity under-25 ℃, cP	??2,584	??18,905
Pour point, ℃	??-11	??-10	??n-d-m
Molecular weight (VPO)	??549	??743	??n-d-m
Molecular weight (VPO)	??549	??743	Density, gm/ml	??0.8241	??0.8330
Refractive index	??1.4596	??1.4641	Density, gm/ml	??0.8241	??0.8330
Refractive index	??1.4596	??1.4641	Alkane belongs to carbon, %	??93.68	??92.98
Cycloalkanes belongs to carbon, %	??6.32	??7.02	Alkane belongs to carbon, %	??93.68	??92.98
Cycloalkanes belongs to carbon, %	??6.32	??7.02	Aromatics carbon, %	??0.00	??0.00
Oxidizer BN, hrs	??45.86	??45.32	Aromatics carbon, %	??0.00	??0.00
Oxidizer BN, hrs	??45.86	??45.32	??Noack，wt.％	??2.02	??0.95
??HPLC-UV(LUBES)			??Noack，wt.％	??2.02	??0.95
??HPLC-UV(LUBES)			The 1-ring	??0.00414	??0.02737
The 2-ring	??0.00124	??0.00325	The 1-ring	??0.00414	??0.02737

	??FTBO?M	??FTBO?H
	??FTBO?M	??FTBO?H	Aromatic substance amounts to	??0.00538	??0.03062
??SIMDIST?TBP(WT％)，F			Aromatic substance amounts to	??0.00538	??0.03062
??SIMDIST?TBP(WT％)，F			??TBP@0.5	??832	??915
??TBP@5	??869	??963	??TBP@0.5	??832	??915
??TBP@5	??869	??963	??TBP@10	??884	??988
??TBP@20	??902	??1011	??TBP@10	??884	??988
??TBP@20	??902	??1011	??TBP@30	??916	??1040
??TBP@40	??928	??1057	??TBP@30	??916	??1040
??TBP@40	??928	??1057	??TBP@50	??940	??1074
??TBP@60	??953	??1092	??TBP@50	??940	??1074
??TBP@60	??953	??1092	??TBP@70	??971	??1113
??TBP@80	??989	??1141	??TBP@70	??971	??1113
??TBP@80	??989	??1141	??TBP@90	??1006	??1181
??TBP@95	??1022	??1213	??TBP@90	??1006	??1181
??TBP@95	??1022	??1213	??TBP@99.5	??1056	??1290
Introduce the FIMS of sample determination by probe	??tof564	??tof56	??TBP@99.5	??1056	??1290
Introduce the FIMS of sample determination by probe	??tof564	??tof56	Saturates	??70	??65.4
1-is unsaturated	??27.9	??33.1	Saturates	??70	??65.4
1-is unsaturated	??27.9	??33.1	2-is unsaturated	??2	??1.2
3-is unsaturated	??0	??0.3	2-is unsaturated	??2	??1.2

	??FTBO?M	??FTBO?H
	??FTBO?M	??FTBO?H	4-is unsaturated	??0	??0
5-is unsaturated	??0	??0	4-is unsaturated	??0	??0
5-is unsaturated	??0	??0	6-is unsaturated	??0.1	??0
Alkene % by proton N MR mensuration	??0.00	??0.00	6-is unsaturated	??0.1	??0
Alkene % by proton N MR mensuration	??0.00	??0.00	Monocycle alkane (FIMS 1-unsaturated-NMR alkene)	??27.9	??33.1
Polycyoalkane (FIMS 2-unsaturated-6 unsaturated-HPLC-UV aromatic substance)	??2.1	??1.5	Monocycle alkane (FIMS 1-unsaturated-NMR alkene)	??27.9	??33.1
	??2.1	??1.5	Single/how than	??13.3	??22.5

For the purpose of this specification sheets and claims, unless indicate in addition, other used number of all numbers of expression amount, per-cent or ratio and specification sheets and claim all is interpreted as doing modification with term " about " in all cases.Therefore, unless opposite expressing arranged, the listed numerical parameter of following specification sheets and claims is an approximation, can change according to the precision that will manage the desirable properties that obtains by the present invention and/or measure the instrument of this value.In addition, all scopes disclosed herein are to comprise also can independently making up of end points.Usually, except as otherwise noted, singular elements can be used for plural meaning and vice versa, and does not lose generality.Term used herein " comprises " and its literal variant mean infinite so that the clauses and subclauses that exemplify out are not got rid of other similar clauses and subclauses that can replace or add listed clauses and subclauses.

Claims

1. hydraulic fluid compositions, it comprises:

(i) lubricating base oil of 80-99.999wt%; The (ii) at least a additive-package of 0.001-20wt%; Wherein

Described lubricating base oil has: the successive carbonatoms, the cycloalkanes that is recorded by the n-d-M method less than 10wt% belongs to carbon, less than the alkene of 0.10wt% with less than the aromatic substance of 0.05wt%, greater than 25wt% have that cycloalkanes belongs to whole molecules of functional group and greater than 10 have molecule that mononaphthene belongs to functional group and have polynaphthene and belong to the ratio of the molecule of functional group; With

Wherein said hydraulic fluid compositions satisfies at least a in JCMAS HK and the JCMAS HKB2005 standard specifications.

2. the hydraulic fluid compositions of claim 1, it has at least 140 viscosity index (VI) and at least 270 ℃ flash-point.

3. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-2, it has that the air less than 0.8 minute that is recorded by ASTM D3427-06 discharges and is measured by ASTMD892-03 under 50 ℃ sequence II foaming tendency less than 50ml.

4. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-3, it has and is at least 160 VI.

5. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-4, its kinematic viscosity that had in 1000 hour time period less than 5% in JCMAS HK test changes.

6. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-5, its kinematic viscosity that had in 1000 hour time period less than 2.5% in JCMAS HK test changes.

7. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-6, it has the RPVOT that is measured by ASTM D2272-02 greater than 600 minutes.

8. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-7, it has the RPVOT that is measured by ASTM D2272-02 greater than 1000 minutes.

9. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-8, its kinematic viscosity under 40 ℃ is 10-800mm ²/ s.

10. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-9, wherein said lubricating base oil have at least a in the following character: a) molecular weight is 500-750; B) molecular weight is greater than 600; C) spontaneous ignition temperature is at least 360 ℃; And d) OECD 301D biodegradable 〉=60%.

11. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-10, wherein said lubricating base oil comprises at least a lubricant base oil of at least a Fischer-Tropsch base oil and 5-50wt%, and described lubricant base oil is selected from vegetables oil and the defined I class of API interchange guidelines, II class, III class, IV class and V series lubricant agent base oil and their mixture.

12. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-8, wherein said lubricating base oil have at least a in the following character:

A) kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃ is 1-15mm ²/ s;

B) the Noack volatility is less than by the defined amount of following formula: 900 * (kinematic viscosity under 100 ℃) ^-2.8-15;

C) molecular-weight average is between 600 and 1100;

D) in the molecule the average degree of branching between per 100 carbon atoms 6.5 and 10 alkyl branches;

E) in ℃ spontaneous ignition temperature (AIT) greater than by following formula defined in ℃ AIT:1.6 * (kinematic viscosity under 40 ℃ is with mm ²/ s meter)+300;

F) drag coefficient is lower than the amount of being calculated by following formula: (kinematic viscosity is with mm for 0.009 * Ln ²/ s meter)-0.001, wherein this kinematic viscosity is this oil viscosity during drag coefficient is measured.

13. each hydraulic fluid compositions among the claim 1-12, wherein said hydraulic fluid compositions also comprises following at least a: the average degree of branching is the pour point depressing blend component of per 100 carbon atom 6.5-10 alkyl branches; Polymethacrylate; Polyacrylic ester; Polyacrylamide; The condensation product of halogenated alkane chloroflo and aromatic substance; The carboxylic acid vinyl ester polymer; The terpolymer of dialkyl fumarate, fatty acid vinyl ester and alkyl vinyl ether; With their mixture.

14. the hydraulic fluid compositions of claim 1, wherein said lubricating base oil comprises the Fischer-Tropsch base oil, and the kinematic viscosity of this Fischer-Tropsch base oil under 100 ℃ is 6 and 20mm ²Between/the s, the kinematic viscosity under 40 ℃ is 30 and 120mm ²Between/the s, viscosity index is between 150 and 165, cold start-up viscosity is 3000-50000mPa.s down at-30 ℃, is 2000-20000mPa.s down at-25 ℃, and pour point is-2 to-20 ℃, molecular weight is 500-750, density is 0.820-0.840, and alkane belongs to carbon in the 92-95% scope, and cycloalkanes belongs to carbon in the 5-8% scope, oxidizer BN is that 30-50 hour and Noack volatility are 0.50-5wt%.

Use following hydraulic fluid compositions 15. the method for operation hydro-pump, this method comprise, this hydraulic fluid compositions comprises: (i) lubricating base oil of 80-99.999wt%; The (ii) at least a additive-package of 0.001-20wt%; Wherein said lubricating base oil has: the successive carbonatoms, the cycloalkanes that is recorded by the n-d-M method less than 10wt% belongs to carbon, less than the alkene of 0.10wt% with less than the aromatic substance of 0.05wt%, greater than 25wt% have that cycloalkanes belongs to whole molecules of functional group and greater than 10 have molecule that mononaphthene belongs to functional group and have polynaphthene and belong to the ratio of the molecule of functional group; Satisfy at least a in JCMAS HK and the JCMAS HKB2005 standard specifications with wherein said hydraulic fluid compositions.