CN101853491A - SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image segmentation method based on parallel sparse spectral clustering - Google Patents

SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image segmentation method based on parallel sparse spectral clustering Download PDF

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CN101853491A
CN101853491A CN201010161497A CN201010161497A CN101853491A CN 101853491 A CN101853491 A CN 101853491A CN 201010161497 A CN201010161497 A CN 201010161497A CN 201010161497 A CN201010161497 A CN 201010161497A CN 101853491 A CN101853491 A CN 101853491A
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缑水平
王爽
庄雄
焦李成
朱虎明
李阳阳
钟桦
张佳
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Xidian University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) image segmentation method based on parallel sparse spectral clustering, relating to the technical field of image processing and mainly solving the problem of limitation of segmentation application of large-scale SAR images in the traditional spectral clustering technology. The SAR image segmentation method comprises the steps of: 1, extracting features of an SAR image to be segmented; 2, configuring an MATLAB (matrix laboratory) parallel computing environment; 3, allocating tasks all to processor nodes and computing partitioned sparse similar matrixes; 4, collecting computing results by a parallel task dispatcher and merging into an integral sparse similar matrix; 5, resolving a Laplacian matrix and carrying out feature decomposition; 6, carrying out K-means clustering on a feature vector matrix subjected to normalization; and 7, outputting a segmentation result of the SAR image. The invention can effectively overcome the bottleneck problem in computation and storage space of the traditional spectral clustering technology, has remarkable segmentation effect on large-scale SAR images, and is suitable for SAR image target detection and target identification.

Description

SAR image partition method based on parallel sparse spectral clustering
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of image processing, relate to the SAR image segmentation, can be used for Radar Targets'Detection and Target Recognition.
Background technology
Synthetic-aperture radar SAR has round-the-clock, round-the-clock detection and reconnaissance capability.It utilizes pulse compression technique to obtain high range resolution, utilizes the synthetic aperture principle to improve azimuthal resolution, has special advantages thereby compare real aperture radar in the remote sensing field.Understanding and decipher to the SAR image belong to the Flame Image Process category, also relate to numerous subjects such as signal Processing, pattern-recognition and machine learning.The SAR image segmentation is as one of key link of SAR Flame Image Process, just receiving more and more widely concern at national defence and civil area.Existing SAR image partition method roughly can be divided into based on the dividing method in zone with based on the dividing method on border, as the method for Threshold Segmentation, morphology methods, cluster, and the method for random field etc.
Wherein, based on the SAR image partition method of cluster, be that zone similar in the SAR image is divided into a class as far as possible, with dissimilar area dividing in different classifications.There has been the clustering algorithm of a lot of maturations to be used in the SAR image segmentation.As a new branch of science, fully excavated paired some similar characteristic of data in conjunction with the spectral clustering algorithm of spectrogram theory, the Laplce's matrix character by figure decomposes and reaches the dimensionality reduction purpose, makes cluster result more sane.But when data scale n was bigger, the spectral clustering algorithm need calculate size and be the similar matrix of n * n, and calculates the feature decomposition problem of corresponding Laplce's matrix, and the time complexity of its calculating and space complexity are respectively O (n 3) and O (n 2), can not cut apart the SAR image that comprises large-scale data effectively.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of SAR image partition method based on parallel sparse spectral clustering has been proposed, with time and the space complexity that reduces spectral clustering, thereby can cut apart the SAR image that comprises large-scale data effectively.
For achieving the above object, the present invention includes following steps:
(1) SAR image to be split is carried out 3 layers of stationary wavelet conversion, the total number of image slices vegetarian refreshments is n, by following formula each pixel is extracted 10 dimension sub belt energy features, and constituting size is the input sample of data E of n * 10:
E = 1 M × N Σ i = 1 M Σ j = 1 N + | coef ( i , j ) |
Wherein, M * N is a subband size of utilizing moving window to determine, and value is 16 * 16 here, and (i j) is the coefficient value of the capable j row of i in the stationary wavelet subband to coef;
(2) parallel computation environment of configuration MATLAB7.8R2009 (a) version;
(3) carry out parallel task and divide, use the Parallel Task Scheduling device that the input sample of data equilibrium of the total number of pixel as n is divided on p the processor, run into aliquant situation and then remaining data sample is stored on last node;
(4) calculate n/p data sample to the Euclidean distance between other all data samples at distributed earth on each processor node, obtain distance matrix;
(5) adjust the distance each row of matrix sort according to order from small to large, and calculate piecemeal similar matrix S according to following formula:
S = exp ( - | | x i - x j | | 2 2 σ 2 ) , i , j = 1 , . . . , n
Wherein, x 1..., x nRepresent n data sample point, || x i-x j|| 2Distance matrix after the expression ordering, σ represents scale parameter, and similar matrix is only kept each data sample and the value between its most close t data sample on every side, all sparse 0 value that changes in other positions;
(6) similar matrix that each processor node is calculated is collected on the host node by the Parallel Task Scheduling device, is arranged into delegation and pools the sparse similar matrix W that a size is n * n;
(7) calculating diagonal entry according to sparse similar matrix W is
Figure GSA00000086656400022
The degree matrix D, and then calculate Laplce matrix L=D -1/2WD -1/2, utilize the eigs function of MATLAB that Laplce's matrix is carried out feature decomposition;
(8) eigenwert that obtains after the feature decomposition is sorted K eigenvalue of maximum 1=λ before obtaining 1〉=λ 2〉=... 〉=λ K, its characteristic of correspondence vector table is shown as v 1, v 2..., v K
(9) proper vector that obtains is in line, constructs eigenvectors matrix U=[v 1, v 2..., v K], and, obtain the eigenvectors matrix that standardizes to its normalization
Figure GSA00000086656400023
(10) will standardize each row of eigenvectors matrix Y is regarded space as KIn a point, with the K-means clustering algorithm it poly-ly is the K class, and uses the quadrature initialization to seek initial cluster center;
(11) according to the cluster centre that obtains, using Euclidean distance to estimate is divided into all pixels in the SAR image in the different classifications, each pixel obtains a cluster label, these cluster labels are reassembled into the matrix measure-alike with original image, with matrix element as the gray-scale value of segmentation result image and show, thereby obtain final segmentation result.
The present invention has the following advantages compared with prior art:
1) the present invention utilizes the MATLAB parallel computation environment, is designed for the parallel sparse spectral clustering method of SAR image segmentation, can effectively solve the existing excessive problem of spectral clustering technology operand;
2) the present invention utilizes the extensive similar matrix of sparse matrix storage spectral clustering, can effectively solve the existing limitation of spectral clustering technology on storage space;
3) the existing relatively SAR image Segmentation Technology of the present invention, the parallel sparse spectral clustering method of design can fully be excavated the internal information of SAR image, obtains better segmentation effect:
The simulation experiment result shows that the parallel sparse spectral clustering method that the present invention proposes can be effectively applied to the SAR image segmentation, and further is applied to Radar Targets'Detection and Target Recognition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is realization flow figure of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a MATLAB parallel computation environment synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the cluster environment synoptic diagram that emulation of the present invention is used;
Fig. 4 be the present invention and existing K-means clustering algorithm and
Figure GSA00000086656400031
The approximate spectrum clustering algorithm is applied to the contrast and experiment figure of ChinaLake airport SAR image segmentation;
Fig. 5 be the present invention and existing K-means clustering algorithm and
Figure GSA00000086656400032
The approximate spectrum clustering algorithm is applied to the contrast and experiment figure of Gulang Island, Xiamen SAR image segmentation;
Fig. 6 be the present invention and existing K-means clustering algorithm and
Figure GSA00000086656400033
The approximate spectrum clustering algorithm is applied to the contrast and experiment figure of Switzerland's lake region SAR image segmentation;
Fig. 7 is parallel speed-up ratio and the efficient synoptic diagram of the present invention to Switzerland's lake region SAR image segmentation.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, specific implementation process of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1. is extracted the feature of SAR image to be split.
SAR image not only data volume is big, different atural object has different back to emission and scattering properties in imaging process, thereby have abundant amplitude, phase place, polarization and texture information, and, the intrinsic coherent speckle noise of image directly exerts an influence for segmentation performance, therefore, be necessary before image segmentation, the SAR image to be carried out texture analysis, extract effective textural characteristics and carry out cluster.
On above analysis foundation, earlier SAR image to be split is carried out 3 layers of stationary wavelet conversion, the total number of image slices vegetarian refreshments is n, by following formula each pixel is extracted 10 dimension sub belt energy features, constituting size is the input sample of data E of n * 10:
E = 1 M × N Σ i = 1 M Σ j = 1 N | coef ( i , j ) |
Wherein, M * N is a subband size of utilizing moving window to determine, here value is 16 * 16, coef (i, j) be the coefficient value of the capable j row of i in the stationary wavelet subband, like this, be 256 * 256 SAR image for size, just constitute 65536 * 10 matrix input data as the parallel sparse spectral clustering method.
Step 2. configuration MATLAB parallel computation environment.
The concrete enforcement of this step is as follows with reference to Fig. 2:
2a) the parallel computation tool box and the Distributed Calculation server of installation MATLAB 7.8R2009 (a) version in high-performance 64 blade cluster environment as shown in Figure 3;
2b) on each clustered node, start the Distributed Calculation server with mdce start order;
2c) on the host node of cluster, start the Parallel Task Scheduling device with the startjobmanager order;
2d) on each processor node, start the progress of work with the startworker order.
Step 3. parallel task is divided.
3a) according to the MATLAB parallel computation environment that configures, use the good task dispatcher of findResource order specified configuration;
3b) use this task dispatcher, create operation with the createJob order;
3c) in the operation of being created, be that the input sample of data of n is divided on p the processor with createTask order equilibrium with scale, run into aliquant situation and then remaining data sample is stored on last node;
3d) use submit order submit job, each task is arranged into the execution of waiting for each processor node in the corresponding task queue with the waitForState order then;
3e) each processor node distributed earth calculates n/p data sample to the Euclidean distance between other all data samples, obtain distance matrix, each row of the distance matrix that obtains are sorted according to order from small to large, and convert thereof into piecemeal similar matrix S according to following formula:
S = exp ( - | | x i - x j | | 2 2 σ 2 ) , i，j＝1，?...，n
Wherein, x 1..., x nRepresent n data sample point, || x i-x j|| 2Distance matrix after the expression ordering, σ represents scale parameter, and similar matrix is only kept each data sample and the value between its most close t data sample on every side, all sparse 0 value that changes in other positions.
Step 4. host node task is collected.
With the getAllOutputArguments order result of calculation of p processor node is collected on the host node, and pooled the complete sparse similar matrix W=[S that a size is n * n 1..., S p], S wherein i(i=1 ..., p) p piecemeal similar matrix that processor node calculates of expression.
Step 5. is calculated Laplce's matrix character resolution problem.
Calculating diagonal entry according to this sparse similar matrix W is
Figure GSA00000086656400051
The degree matrix D, and then calculate Laplce matrix L=D -1/2WD -1/2, utilize the eigs function of MATLAB that this extensive sparse Laplce's matrix is carried out feature decomposition, K eigenvalue of maximum 1=λ before obtaining 1〉=λ 2〉=... 〉=λ K, and these eigenwert characteristic of correspondence vector v 1, v 2..., v K
Step 6. pair normalized eigenvectors matrix carries out the K-mean cluster.
The proper vector that obtains is in line, constructs eigenvectors matrix U=[v 1, v 2..., v K], its normalization is obtained the eigenvectors matrix that standardizes
Figure GSA00000086656400052
Regard each row of standardization eigenvectors matrix Y as space KIn a point, with the K-means clustering algorithm it poly-ly is the K class, and uses the quadrature initialization to seek initial cluster center.
Step 7. output segmentation result.
According to the cluster centre that obtains, using Euclidean distance to estimate is divided into all pixels in the SAR image in the different classifications, each pixel obtains a cluster label, these cluster labels are reassembled into the matrix measure-alike with original image, with matrix element as the gray-scale value of segmentation result image and show, thereby obtain final segmentation result.
Effect of the present invention can be verified by following emulation experiment.
Provide parallel sparse spectral clustering method of the present invention among the contrast experiment, and existing K-means clustering algorithm and The segmentation result of approximate spectrum clustering algorithm.Wherein, existing K-mean cluster and
Figure GSA00000086656400054
What the approximate spectrum cluster was chosen is 10 best segmentation results of experiment visual effect, and what parallel sparse spectral clustering method of the present invention was chosen owing to the result is more stable is the segmentation result of 1 experiment.
Figure GSA00000086656400055
The sample point number that the approximate spectrum cluster is chosen is 100, scale parameter s=0.2.The arest neighbors number that parallel sparse spectral clustering is chosen is 100, scale parameter s=0.05.
The contrast and experiment of using above three kinds of dividing methods that 3 width of cloth SAR images are cut apart is as follows:
1) to the segmentation result of Ku wave band SAR image as shown in Figure 4, wherein:
Fig. 4 (a) is the Ku wave band SAR image of the 3 meters resolution in China Lake airport of California, USA, and picture size is 400 * 400, comprises runway, vacant lot and airport building three class atural objects.
Fig. 4 (b) is the segmentation result of existing K-mean cluster method, has a lot of tiny spots to be divided into other two classes on the visible runway by mistake.
Fig. 4 (c) is existing
Figure GSA00000086656400056
The segmentation result of approximation method, although the regional consistance of airfield runway is improved, top-right airport building is then cut apart incoherently, is unfavorable for accurately carrying out Target Recognition in actual applications.
Fig. 4 (d) is the segmentation result of parallel sparse spectral clustering method of the present invention, and it has accurately provided the complete runway and the profile of buildings, and, for the road network that three trouble shape runway central authorities gather, compare other two kinds of algorithms and obtained more complete zone.
2) to the segmentation result of C-wave band SAR image as shown in the figure, wherein:
Fig. 5 (a) is area, Gulang Island, the Chinese Xiamen C-wave band SAR image that a width of cloth RadarSAT-2 satellite is taken, and polarization mode is the HV polarization, and the intercepting image block is of a size of 400 * 400.
Fig. 5 (b) is the segmentation result of existing K-mean cluster method, and it is too big that it is disturbed by topography profile on the island, causes the land part much to divide by mistake, extends between some land in waters and the island to be separated scatteredly.
Fig. 5 (c) is existing The segmentation result of approximation method, although than K-average some improves as a result, but fail to obtain a complete zone.
Fig. 5 (d) is the segmentation result of parallel sparse spectral clustering method of the present invention, can find out clearly that the Gulang Island is the same as with the island, Xiamen the complete land part that is divided into, and also can keep degree of connection preferably with the island part for the less shore line of some and waters contrast difference.
3) to the segmentation result of X-band SAR image as shown in Figure 6, wherein:
Fig. 6 (a) looks X-band SAR image for 3 of Switzerland one lake region in 1994 of Space Radar Laboratory Missions, and picture size is 512 * 512, comprises three class atural objects: lake, city and mountain region.
Fig. 6 (b) is the segmentation result of existing K-mean cluster method, and it divides out with the lake well, still, has also existed serious mistake to be divided into the situation in waters simultaneously in the area, mountain region of the right and left.
Fig. 6 (c) is existing
Figure GSA00000086656400062
The segmentation result of approximation method, it makes moderate progress to the situation of cutting apart in zone, mountain region, but there is a lot of obscuring in city and mountain region.
Fig. 6 (d) is the segmentation result of parallel sparse spectral clustering method of the present invention, it is best in three kinds of algorithms, and it not only accurately extracts the lake bank, does not have at all to be divided into the situation in lake in the zone, mountain region by mistake, and the segmentation result in city has kept regional preferably integrality.Therefore, to be used to cut apart this width of cloth SAR image be very suitable to parallel sparse spectral clustering method of the present invention.
In parallel computation of the present invention, for p processor, T SBe illustrated in the needed from start to end time of algorithm on the series machine, T PBe illustrated on the parallel computer algorithm from start to finish a processor finish the work the needed time speed-up ratio S PWith efficient E PBe defined as S respectively P=T S/ T P, E P=S S/ P.Speed-up ratio is weighed is how many execution speeds of parallel algorithm accelerated doubly with respect to the execution speed of serial algorithm.Efficient is weighed is the ratio that the computing power of single processor is used effectively.
With parallel sparse spectral clustering method of the present invention Switzerland's lake region SAR image shown in Fig. 6 (a) is cut apart, its parallel speed-up ratio curve and parallel efficiency curve are respectively shown in Fig. 7 (a) and Fig. 7 (b).Wherein, used processor number has reached 42 at most.
As can be seen from Figure 7, because parallel sparse spectral clustering method of the present invention adopts the MATLAB Distributed Calculation, except the transmission of the scheduling of task and data sharing, do not need between each processor to communicate, therefore can obtain intimate linear speed-up ratio less than 24 o'clock in the processor number.And when the processor number rises to 42,, but still keeping the trend of rising because extensive sparse matrix transmission and multi-processor task scheduling increase consuming time make speed-up ratio descend to some extent.Aspect efficient, under the parallel situation less than 32 processors, efficient can reach more than 90%, shows that each processor node has obtained utilizing relatively fully.Processor more for a long time, message is blocked and message is delayed time has reduced the utilization factor of single processor.

Claims (3)

1. SAR image partition method based on parallel sparse spectral clustering may further comprise the steps:
(1) SAR image to be split is carried out 3 layers of stationary wavelet conversion, the total number of image slices vegetarian refreshments is n, by following formula each pixel is extracted 10 dimension sub belt energy features, and constituting size is the input sample of data E of n * 10:
E = 1 M × N Σ i = 1 M Σ j = 1 N | coef ( i , j ) |
Wherein, M * N is a subband size of utilizing moving window to determine, and value is 16 * 16 here, and (i j) is the coefficient value of the capable j row of i in the stationary wavelet subband to coef;
(2) parallel computation environment of configuration MATLAB7.8R2009 (a) version;
(3) carry out parallel task and divide, use the Parallel Task Scheduling device that the input sample of data equilibrium of the total number of pixel as n is divided on p the processor, run into aliquant situation and then remaining data sample is stored on last node;
(4) calculate n/p data sample to the Euclidean distance between other all data samples at distributed earth on each processor node, obtain distance matrix;
(5) adjust the distance each row of matrix sort according to order from small to large, and calculate piecemeal similar matrix S according to following formula:
S = exp ( - | | x i - x j | | 2 2 σ 2 ) , i，j＝1，...，n
Wherein, x 1..., x nRepresent n data sample point, || x i-x j|| 2Distance matrix after the expression ordering, σ represents scale parameter, and similar matrix is only kept each data sample and the value between its most close t data sample on every side, all sparse 0 value that changes in other positions;
(6) similar matrix that each processor node is calculated is collected on the host node by the Parallel Task Scheduling device, is arranged into delegation and pools the sparse similar matrix W that a size is n * n;
(7) calculating diagonal entry according to sparse similar matrix W is
Figure FSA00000086656300013
The degree matrix D, and then calculate Laplce matrix L=D -1/2WD -1/2, utilize the eigs function of MATLAB that this Laplce's matrix is carried out feature decomposition;
(8) eigenwert that obtains after the feature decomposition is sorted K eigenvalue of maximum 1=λ before obtaining 1〉=λ 2〉=... 〉=λ K, its characteristic of correspondence vector table is shown as v 1, v 2, v K
(9) proper vector that obtains is in line, constructs eigenvectors matrix U=[v 1, v 2..., v K], and, obtain the eigenvectors matrix that standardizes to its normalization
(10) will standardize each row of eigenvectors matrix Y is regarded space mouth as KIn a point, with the K-means clustering algorithm it poly-ly is the K class, and uses the quadrature initialization to seek initial cluster center;
(11) according to the cluster centre that obtains, using Euclidean distance to estimate is divided into all pixels in the SAR image in the different classifications, each pixel obtains a cluster label, these cluster labels are reassembled into the matrix measure-alike with original image, with matrix element as the gray-scale value of segmentation result image and show, thereby obtain final segmentation result.
2. a kind of SAR image partition method according to claim 1 based on parallel sparse spectral clustering, the parallel computation environment of the described configuration of step (2) MATLAB7.8R2009 (a) version wherein, carry out according to following steps:
2a) the parallel computation tool box and the Distributed Calculation server of MATLAB7.8R2009 (a) version are installed on the High-Performance Computing Cluster environment;
2b) on each clustered node, start the Distributed Calculation server;
2c) on the host node of cluster, start the Parallel Task Scheduling device;
2d) on each processor node, start the progress of work.
3. a kind of SAR image partition method according to claim 1 based on parallel sparse spectral clustering, wherein the described parallel task of step (3) is divided, and carries out according to following steps:
3a) the MATLAB parallel computation environment that configures according to step (2) is specified employed Parallel Task Scheduling device;
3b) use this Parallel Task Scheduling device to create operation;
3c) in the operation of being created, be that the input sample of data equilibrium of n is divided on p the processor with the total number of pixel, run into aliquant situation and then remaining data sample is stored on last node;
3d) submit job, and each task is arranged in the corresponding task queue execution of waiting for each processor node.
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