CN101846492B - Interferometer combined by double F-P chambers and Mach-Zehnder - Google Patents
Interferometer combined by double F-P chambers and Mach-Zehnder Download PDFInfo
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- CN101846492B CN101846492B CN2010101869088A CN201010186908A CN101846492B CN 101846492 B CN101846492 B CN 101846492B CN 2010101869088 A CN2010101869088 A CN 2010101869088A CN 201010186908 A CN201010186908 A CN 201010186908A CN 101846492 B CN101846492 B CN 101846492B
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Abstract
The invention provides an interferometer combined by double F-P chambers and Mach-Zehnder, which is combined by two fiber F-P interferometers and a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer, wherein, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer is formed by respectively welding and coupling the two ends of a single-core polarization-preserving fiber and a melt embedded double-core polarization-preserving fiber; the double F-P chambers are formed by respectively inscribing double Bragg fiber bragg grating pairs on the two fiber cores of the melt embedded double-core polarization-preserving fiber via the two fiber F-P interferometers; and each F-P chamber is respectively embedded on the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interferometer of the invention has the advantages that the measuring sensitivity is improved compared with the traditional integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the interferometer which is formed by the polarization-preserving fiber solves the problem of stability of the traditional interferometer caused by polarization state random variation; and the two arms of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are positioned at one fiber, thus improving the temperature stability of the interferometer.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of modular fiber optic interferometer, belongs to the optical fiber technology field.
Background technology
The optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer has in fields such as optical fiber communication, Fibre Optical Sensors very widely to be used.Common optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is to utilize a 3dB fiber coupler that semiconductor laser is sent light to be divided into two bundles that intensity equates; Enter into respectively two independently the fiber optic interferometric arm transmit; Light is interfered through another three-dB coupler after two arms transmit a segment distance again, and interference light signal is converted into electric signal after through the opto-electronic conversion detector and is exaggerated; Thereby realize the detection of interference light signal, like patent (CN 1251906A).Because the light transport properties in two reflections of optical fiber arm can receive the influence of external conditions such as temperature, pressure, so the optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer can be realized the measurement of physical quantitys such as fibre strain, temperature.This interferometer is to utilize two separate transmission lines, is used to realize the tuning and coupling of light path.Because there is not common light channel structure in it; Very easily receive the influence of environmental factor (such as temperature and vibration), cause the light path of two light paths to produce inconsistent variation, the demodulation of sensor signal is exerted an influence; Reduced the signal demodulation sensitivity of interferometer, made the precise decreasing of measurement.It is the measurement insufficient sensitivity of Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
In all interferometers, therefore the F-P interferometer can obtain quite high detection sensitivity owing to can form very high reflectance spectrum of fineness or transmission spectrum via repeatedly reflecting repeatedly after the stack.For fiber F-P interferometer (US 5682237), it is in optical fiber, to produce two reflection end faces, thereby forms a microcavity.When coherent light beam along optical fiber input when this microcavity, light returns along former road in the both ends of the surface reflection back of microcavity and meets and produce interference.When extraneous parameter acts on this microcavity in a certain way, its phase differential is changed, cause it to interfere the output reflection light intensity that respective change also takes place, and then realize sensing measurement.Because the medium in the chamber is an optical fiber itself, so loss is little, it is very big that chamber length can be done, from several centimetres to several meters, and in optical fiber, also can be through in fibre core, writing two fiber gratings that reflectance spectrum is identical simultaneously, thus formation fiber F-P interferometer.People such as domestic Rao Yun river once proposed multiple structured optical fiber F-P interferometer and preparation method thereof (CN101055196, CN101034007).
The common underintegration of above-mentioned two kinds of interferometers is high; Wang Tingyun etc. (Chinese patent CN 101464539A) propose a kind of Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on coaxial optical fiber; Interferometer is connected successively by single mode input optical fibre, coaxial optical fiber, single-mode fiber, coaxial optical fiber and single mode output optical fibre and constitutes, and in simple optical fiber, realizes the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; (Chinese patent CN 101105555A) such as garden vertical waves also proposed a kind of simple optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Utilize twin-core fiber to realize; Above-mentioned interference appearance integrated level improves greatly; Do not improve but measure sensitivity, the random variation of polarization state causes the instability problem of interference signal also not solve.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sensitivity that can further improve interferometer, the double F-P chambers and the Mach-Zehnder of stability problem that solves interferometer simultaneously is interferometer combined.
The objective of the invention is to realize like this:
Combine by two fiber F-P interferometers and optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Described Mach-Zehnder interferometer carries out the welding coupling respectively by the two ends of single core polarization maintaining optical fibre and melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre and constitutes; Described two fiber F-P interferometers are on two fibre cores of melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre, to inscribe the double F-P chambers of two Bragg fiber gratings to constituting respectively; Each F-P chamber is embedded in two arms of Mach-Zehnder interferometer respectively.
The present invention can also comprise:
1, described melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre is that the center with photosensitivity is an airport; The part of two fibre cores symmetry hangs in the airport, be partially submerged into the twin-core fiber in the covering; Two fibre core ovalizes, two fibre cores have identical polarization principal axis direction.
2, two fiber F-P interferometers are to constituting by four two groups of Bragg fiber gratings with identical reflection kernel wavelength.
3, the reflectivity of the right fiber grating of the fiber grating in the same F-P chamber is identical, and the reflectivity of the fiber grating that the fiber grating in the different F-P chambeies is right is inequality.
4, the reflectivity of described fiber grating is between 1%-99%.
5, described Mach-Zehnder interferometer carries out the welding coupling respectively by the two ends of single core polarization maintaining optical fibre and melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre and constitutes; The tail end and melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre one end that are meant single core polarization maintaining optical fibre utilize Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer directly to dock fusion completion coupling; Or draw the awl machine to add hot-drawn at two optical fiber solder joint places to the optical fiber utilization after the welding and bore; Form the toriconical structure at the solder joint place and realize 1 * 2 beam splitting, and the melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre other end and single core polarization maintaining optical fibre form the function that the toriconical structure realizes 2 * 1 wave multiplexers.
6, described melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre fibre core can carry out the erbium doping, realizes the reinforcement and the amplification of signal.
Fig. 2 has provided the basic structure of interferometer of the present invention, is combined by 9,10 and optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometers of two fiber F-P interferometers.Described Mach-Zehnder interferometer carries out the welding coupling respectively by the two ends of single core polarization maintaining optical fibre 5 and twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre 6 and constitutes; Described two fiber F-P interferometers the 9, the 10th are by inscribing two Bragg fiber gratings on the melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre 6 to 11,12 and 13,14 double F-P chambers that constitute; Be embedded in two arms of Mach-Zehnder interferometer respectively; It is long that fiber F-P interferometer 9,10 can have different chambeies, also can be in fiber axis to different positions.Interferometer work principle of the present invention is: after the light that light source 4 sends gets into single core polarization maintaining optical fibre 5; Realize the branch beam function of transmission light through the single-core fiber 5 and the toriconical structure 6 of twin-core fiber 6 fusion back formation; One arm light is through the F-P chamber 9 of fiber grating to 11 and 12 formations; Another arm light through with fiber grating to the identical fiber grating of 11,12 characteristics to the 13 and 14 F-P chambeies 10 that constitute, promptly two beam interferometer light pass through Mach-Zehnder interferometer two arms respectively, once more through the tapered zone 8 of twin-core fiber 6 with single-core fiber 5 fusions; Realize interfering at tapered zone, interference light receives via detecting device 15.Can be through regulating the phase differential of chamber, two the F-P chambeies long Mach-Zehnder of change interferometer two arms.For the interference signal contrast is bigger, the splitting ratio of the interferometer two arms unanimity of will trying one's best, the reflectivity of grating pair also should be consistent.This structure can be carried out the transmission-type measurement, also can carry out reflective measurement.When adopting reflective measurement, be equivalent to the combined interferometer of two F-P interferometers and Michelson interferometer.
In order further to improve the sensitivity of interferometer; Solve the stability problem of interferometer simultaneously; The present invention combines the structure of integrated form optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Proposition interferes arm to construct the F-P chamber respectively two of Mach-Zehnder interferometers, in same polarization maintaining optical fibre, has formed the combined interferometer of two F-P interferometers and Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1. compare with traditional integrated form Mach-Zehnder interferometer, because of having made up the F-P cavity configuration, it is measured sensitivity and can be improved; 2. utilize polarization maintaining optical fibre to constitute interferometer, can solve the stability problem that the conventional interference appearance causes because of the polarization state random variation; 3.Mach-Zehnder interferometer two arms are in the same optical fiber, have improved the temperature stability of interferometer.
The present invention has that manufacturing process is simple, simple optical fiber is integrated, highly sensitive, polarization property good, the temperature stability advantages of higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is for the present invention is based on molten embedded core type twin-core polarization maintaining fiber sectional view;
Fig. 2 is the combined interferometer of equiarm double F-P chambers of the present invention and Mach-Zehnder interferometer formation;
Fig. 3 is in the equiarm double F-P chambers combined interferometer of fiber axis to the diverse location place for the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the combined interferometer of unequal arm double F-P chambers of the present invention and Mach-Zehnder interferometer formation.
Embodiment
For example the present invention is done description in more detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the molten embedded core type twin-core polarization maintaining fiber sectional view of the present invention; Two fibre cores 1 have identical polarization principal axis direction, fiber optic hub be 3, two fibre cores of airport 1 symmetry be embedded in covering 2 inwalls, each fibre core 1 part part in covering is exposed in airport 3.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention 1; The light that light source 4 sends is input in the single-core fiber 5; The toriconical structure 7 of utilizing single-core fiber 5 and molten embedded core type twin-core polarization maintaining fiber 6 fusion backs to form realizes the branch beam function of transmission light, an arm light through fiber grating to 11 and the 12 F-P chambeies 9 that constitute, another arm light through with fiber grating to the F-P chamber 10 of the identical fiber grating of 11,12 characteristics to 13 and 14 formations; After two beam interferometer light pass through Mach-Zehnder interferometer two arms respectively; The tapered zone 8 that after superfusion embedded core type twin-core polarization maintaining fiber 6 and single-core fiber 5 fuse, forms is realized interfering once more, and the light after twice interference receives via detecting device 15.Wherein need behind the optical fiber fusion to carry out package curing with epoxy resin then through cleaning.It is long that two F-P chambeies 9,10 have identical chamber in the said structure, i.e. the combined interferometer that constitutes of equiarm double F-P chambers and Mach-Zehnder interferometer.Fiber grating among this embodiment can utilize the phase mask method to write, and grating 11,13 is disposable to be write simultaneously, and grating 12,14 also can write simultaneously.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention 2, and in the present embodiment, interferometer combined structure is identical with embodiment 1, and just two F-P chambeies are in the axial diverse location of twin-core fiber place, and fiber grating 11-14 writes respectively one by one.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of embodiments of the invention 3, and in the present embodiment, interferometer combined structure is identical with embodiment 1, and it is long that just two F-P chambeies 9,10 have different chambeies.Be that fiber grating 11 and 13 writes simultaneously, and fiber grating 12 and 14 write one by one.
Have the foregoing description can find out the combined interferometer of double F-P chambers of the present invention and Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it has integrated level height, good, the temperature stability advantages of higher of polarization property.Can be used for strain, bending and biochemical sensitive.
Claims (7)
1. double F-P chambers and Mach-Zehnder are interferometer combined, are combined by two fiber F-P interferometers and optical fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer; It is characterized in that: described Mach-Zehnder interferometer carries out the welding coupling respectively by the two ends of single core polarization maintaining optical fibre and melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre and constitutes; Described two fiber F-P interferometers are on two fibre cores of melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre, to inscribe the double F-P chambers of two Bragg fiber gratings to constituting respectively; Each F-P chamber is embedded in two arms of Mach-Zehnder interferometer respectively.
2. double F-P chambers according to claim 1 and Mach-Zehnder are interferometer combined; It is characterized in that: described melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre has photosensitivity; The center is an airport, and the part of two fibre cores symmetry hangs in the airport, be partially submerged into the twin-core fiber in the covering; Two fibre core ovalizes, two fibre cores have identical polarization principal axis direction.
3. double F-P chambers according to claim 2 and Mach-Zehnder are interferometer combined, it is characterized in that: two fiber F-P interferometers are to constituting by four two groups of Bragg fiber gratings with identical reflection kernel wavelength.
4. double F-P chambers according to claim 3 and Mach-Zehnder are interferometer combined; It is characterized in that: the reflectivity of the fiber grating that the fiber grating in the same F-P chamber is right is identical, and the reflectivity of the fiber grating that the fiber grating in the different F-P chambeies is right is inequality.
5. double F-P chambers according to claim 4 and Mach-Zehnder are interferometer combined, it is characterized in that: the reflectivity of described fiber grating is between 1%-99%.
6. double F-P chambers according to claim 5 and Mach-Zehnder are interferometer combined; It is characterized in that: described Mach-Zehnder interferometer carries out the welding coupling respectively by the two ends of single core polarization maintaining optical fibre and melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre and constitutes; The tail end and melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre one end that are meant single core polarization maintaining optical fibre utilize Polarization Maintaining Optical Fiber Fusion Splicer directly to dock fusion completion coupling; Or draw the awl machine to add hot-drawn at two optical fiber solder joint places to the optical fiber utilization after the welding and bore; Form the toriconical structure at the solder joint place and realize 1 * 2 beam splitting, and the melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre other end and single core polarization maintaining optical fibre form the function that the toriconical structure realizes 2 * 1 wave multiplexers.
7. double F-P chambers according to claim 6 and Mach-Zehnder are interferometer combined, it is characterized in that: described melting embedded twin-core polarization maintaining optical fibre fibre core carries out erbium and mixes.
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| CN103558183B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-06-17 | 电子科技大学 | MZ interference type optical biochemistry sensor chip embedded with FP cavity |
| CN104132676B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-06-08 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | A kind of coaxial framing high speed imaging based on double; two FP chambeies and interferometric method |
| CN106773098B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2019-04-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of discrete Fourier transform optical interference system of hybrid coding |
| CN108387173A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-10 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of ultra-compact all -fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer and preparation method thereof |
| CN110967048B (en) * | 2019-12-28 | 2021-11-05 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Orthogonal inclined three-core fiber grating parallel integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer |
| CN111928937B (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2022-06-24 | 安徽大学 | Optical fiber vibration sensing probe and optical fiber microseismic monitoring system |
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| CA2208122A1 (en) * | 1996-07-08 | 1998-01-08 | Corning Incorporated | Mach-zehnder interferometric devices with composite fibers |
| US5889899A (en) * | 1997-10-15 | 1999-03-30 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Article comprising a Bragg reflective Mach-Zehnder filter of reduced coupled dependence |
| US6603560B1 (en) * | 2000-03-15 | 2003-08-05 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | High sensitivity fiber optic interferometric MEMS |
| CN100470280C (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-03-18 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Fiber integrated type Mach-Zehnder interferometer and its production method |
| KR101000974B1 (en) * | 2008-12-01 | 2010-12-13 | 인하대학교 산학협력단 | Measurement Method of Chromatic Dispersion of Optical Beam Waveguide Using Interference Fringe Measurement system |
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