CN101845369B - Apple cleaning agent and cleaning method thereof - Google Patents
Apple cleaning agent and cleaning method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101845369B CN101845369B CN2009100216946A CN200910021694A CN101845369B CN 101845369 B CN101845369 B CN 101845369B CN 2009100216946 A CN2009100216946 A CN 2009100216946A CN 200910021694 A CN200910021694 A CN 200910021694A CN 101845369 B CN101845369 B CN 101845369B
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- apple
- clean
- out system
- heavy metal
- cleaning
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Abstract
The invention discloses an apple cleaning agent, which comprises 5.0 to 15.0 g/L of oxalic acid, 10.0 to 30.0 g/L of sodium chloride, 7 to 11*10<-3>g/L of chlorine dioxide and 0.02 weight percent of Tween-20. The apple cleaning agent solves the technical problems that the conventional cleaning agent is not thorough to clean and is easy to residue and the fruit commodification after the cleaning is influenced much, and has the characteristics of low price, good cleaning effect, no residue, and small influence on the apple fruit commodification after the cleaning.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of clean-out system and purging method, be specifically related to a kind of apple complex cleaning and washing agent and purging method thereof.
Technical background
The fruit of a kind of deciduous fruit tree of the Malus Rosaceae, Malus is one of the world's four big fruit, is known as " hat of temperate zone fruit ".Its fruit contains rich saccharide, organic acid, Mierocrystalline cellulose, VITAMINs, mineral substance polyphenol and flavonoid nutritive substance, is called " omnibearing healthy fruit " by scientist.It is fast that China's cultivated area of the apple is wide, good in economic efficiency, production is produced effects.Yet the situation of unreasonable use agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizer still exists, and also more common in some producing regions, thereby causes fruit surface agricultural chemicals, heavy metal contamination, and fruit such as bacterium colony, dust surface pollution thing all has influence on edible health in addition.And the food sanitation problem of fruit and vegetable food has caused countries in the world human consumer's extensive concern at present.
In the daily life, fruit mostly cleans with clear water, salt solution, though can remove the dust and general dirt settling on surface, is difficult to the remaining objectionable impuritiess such as agricultural chemicals, heavy metal and assorted bacterium in Ex-all surface.Adhere to and agricultural chemicals, the dirt on surface and the bacterium of mixing though the washing composition of selling in the market can be removed, himself is detained again easily, and difficulty is fallen by flushing with clean water, and what have also can produce " secondary pollution ", still can cause detrimentally affect to HUMAN HEALTH.Therefore development of new professional fruit clean-out system nontoxic, pollution-free, that can effectively remove fruit and vegetable surfaces bacterium colony, agricultural chemicals, heavy-metal residual is a very urgent task.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of apple clean-out system and purging method thereof; Adopt the back commercialization for apple and handle a kind of succinct method that provides of cleaning, it has solved, and other clean-out system cleans not thoroughly in the technical background, it is residual to be prone to, clean the back to the big technical problem of fruit marketability influence.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of apple clean-out system, its special character are that it has comprised oxalic acid, sodium-chlor, dioxide peroxide and tween 20, and described oxalic acid content is 5.0～15.0g/L; Described sodium chloride content is 10.0～30.0g/L; Described chlorine dioxide content 7～11 * 10
-3G/L; Described tween 20 accounts for 0.02% of gross weight.
Above-mentioned oxalic acid content is 10.0g/L.
Above-mentioned sodium chloride content is 10.0g/L.
Above-mentioned chlorine dioxide content 9 * 10
-3G/L.
Above-mentioned oxalic acid content is 10.0g/L; Said sodium chloride content is 10.0g/L; Said chlorine dioxide content 9 * 10
-3G/L; Said tween 20 accounts for 0.02% of gross weight.
A kind of purging method that uses above-mentioned apple clean-out system, its special character are that this method may further comprise the steps:
1) selects the apple fruit
Select and be of moderate size, color and luster is close, no mechanical injury, and no disease and pest, the fruit that fruit shape is rectified, ripening degree is consistent are some;
2) clean pre-treatment
The apple fruit of select is immersed in m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile, PP-383,3 kinds of agricultural chemicals mixed solutions of Deltamethrin and the concentration that concentration all is 100mg/L respectively to be respectively in lead, cadmium and the copper 3 heavy metal species mixed solutions of 10mg/L, 10mg/L and 20mg/L; Immersion is no less than 10min; Take out, dry naturally;
3) clean
At room temperature; Above-mentioned apple and soaked the agricultural chemicals mixed solution and the apple of heavy metal mixed solution with above-mentioned clean-out system clean; During cleaning above-mentioned apple is put into clean-out system and soak and to take out after being no less than 10min, be no less than 5 seconds with flushing with clean water again, put under the room temperature and dry naturally;
4) detect
At first measure the apple that soaks agricultural chemicals and heavy metal, measure then after cleaning; Bacterium colony cleans the apple of directly adopting back, measures then after cleaning;
Concrete measuring method is following:
[1] mensuration of agricultural chemicals: carry out according to the vapor-phase chromatography among the NY/T761-2004;
Degradation of pesticide rate=(apple pesticide residue before cleaning-apple pesticide residue after washing)/apple pesticide residue * 100% before cleaning;
[2] Determination of Heavy Metal: measure plumbous, cadmium according to the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry among the GB/T5009.12-2003, the atomic fluorescence absorption spectroscopy is measured copper;
Heavy metal degradation rate=(apple residual quantity of heavy metal before cleaning-apple residual quantity of heavy metal after washing)/apple residual quantity of heavy metal * 100% before cleaning;
[3] mensuration of total number of bacterial colony: with reference to GB/T4789.2-2003 " detection of food sanitation microbiology " carry out; Bacterium colony content * 100% before bacterium colony clearance rate (%)=(apple cleans preceding bacterium colony content-apple bacterium colony content after washing)/apple cleans.
Be to take out behind 10～20min with the soak time of above-mentioned apple in clean-out system during above-mentioned clean-out system clean, again with tap water flushing 5～10 seconds.
Be to take out behind the 15min with the soak time of above-mentioned apple in clean-out system during above-mentioned clean-out system clean, again with tap water flushing 8 seconds.
Adopt during concrete actual experiment:
1) select the apple fruit: select and be of moderate size, color and luster is close, no mechanical injury, no disease and pest, the fruit that really shape is proper, ripening degree is consistent.
2) primary election of detergent concentration:
Concentration of oxalic acid screening: set 1.0g/L, 5.0g/L, 10.0g/L, 15.0g/L, 20.0g/L, six concentration gradients of 25.0g/L.
Sodium chloride concentration screening: set 1.0g/L, 5.0g/L, 10.0g/L, 20.0g/L, 30.0g/L, six concentration gradients of 40.0g/L.
Chlorine dioxide concentration screening: set 1 * 10
-3G/L, 3 * 10
-3G/L, 5 * 10
-3G/L, 7 * 10
-3G/L, 9 * 10
-3G/L, 11 * 10
-3Six concentration gradients of g/L.(more than every kind of clean-out system all add 0.02% tween 20)
With clear water+0.02% tween 20 is contrast, at ambient temperature, apple is carried out clean.According to the bacterium colony clearance to the apple fruit surface filter out oxalic acid (5.0g/L, 10.0g/L, 15.0g/L), sodium-chlor (10.0g/L, 20.0g/L, 30.0g/L) and dioxide peroxide (7 * 10
-3G/L, 9 * 10
-3G/L, 11 *
-3G/L) three concentration preferably separately are then in the orthogonal test of carrying out the next stage.
3) orthogonal test:
With oxalic acid, sodium-chlor and dioxide peroxide is three factors, three design levels of each factor the cleaning agent formula shown in the table 1.
Table 1 apple clean-out system code and prescription
Filtering out one group of best cleaning agent formula according to the clearance to agricultural chemicals, heavy metal and the bacterium colony of apple fruit surface is 4, i.e. 10.0g/L oxalic acid+10.0g/L NaCl+9 * 10-3g/L ClO
2+ 0.02% tween 20.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1) cheap.
2) cleaning performance is good, noresidue.
3) cleaning the back influences little to the apple fruit marketability.
Embodiment
Practical implementation step of the present invention:
1) select the apple fruit: select and be of moderate size, color and luster is close, no mechanical injury, no disease and pest, the fruit that really shape is proper, ripening degree is consistent.
2) primary election of detergent concentration: oxalic acid, sodium-chlor and dioxide peroxide are respectively established six concentration gradients, carry out single factor concentration screening, select cleaning performance three concentration preferably.
Concentration of oxalic acid screening: set 1.0g/L, 5.0g/L, 10.0g/L, 15.0g/L, 20.0g/L, six concentration gradients of 25.0g/L.
Sodium chloride concentration screening: set 1.0g/L, 5.0g/L, 10.0g/L, 20.0g/L, 30.0g/L, six concentration gradients of 40.0g/L.
Chlorine dioxide concentration screening: set 1 * 10
-3G/L, 3 * 10
-3G/L, 5 * 10
-3G/L, 7 * 10
-3G/L, 9 * 10
-3G/L, 11 * 10
-3Six concentration gradients of g/L.
With clear water+0.02% tween 20 is contrast, at ambient temperature, apple is carried out clean.Bacterium colony clearance according to the apple fruit surface filters out oxalic acid (5.0g/L; 10.0g/L, 15.0g/L), sodium-chlor (10.0g/L, 20.0g/L; 30.0g/L) and dioxide peroxide (7 * 10-3g/L; 9 * 10-3g/L, 11 * 10-3g/L) three concentration preferably separately are then in the orthogonal test of carrying out the next stage.
3) orthogonal test:
With oxalic acid, sodium-chlor and dioxide peroxide is three factors, three design levels of each factor nine kinds of cleaning agent formulas.
Filtering out one group of best cleaning agent formula according to the clearance to agricultural chemicals, heavy metal and the bacterium colony of apple fruit surface is 4 (10.0g/L oxalic acid+10.0g/L NaCl+9 * 10-3g/L ClO
2+ 0.02% tween 20).
Embodiment one
With the red fuji apple is example, is treated to contrast with clear water+0.02% tween 20, and relatively concentration of oxalic acid is at 1.0g/L, 5.0g/L, 10.0g/L, 15.0g/L, 20.0g/L, during 25.0g/L to the cleaning performance of red fuji apple surface colony.Result such as table 2:
Table 2 different concns oxalic acid is to the clearance of red fuji apple surface colony
Embodiment one shows: the oxalic acid of 5.0g/L～15.0g/L cleans best to the removal effect of red fuji apple surface colony.20.0g/L oxalic acid to the removal effect of red fuji apple surface colony not as clear water, its bacterium colony can't calculate after the oxalic acid of 25.0g/L cleaned red fuji apple.
Embodiment two
With the red fuji apple is example, is treated to contrast with clear water+0.02% tween 20, and relatively sodium chloride concentration is at 1.0g/L, 5.0g/L, 10.0g/L, 20.0g/L, 30.0g/L, during 40.0g/L to the cleaning performance of red fuji apple surface colony.Result such as table 3:
Table 3 different concns sodium-chlor is to the clearance of red fuji apple surface colony
Embodiment two shows: the sodium-chlor of 1.0g/L～40.0g/L can both wash the red fuji apple surface colony, and wherein sodium chloride concentration is that the removal effect of 10.0g/L～30.0g/L is better.
Embodiment three
With the red fuji apple is example, is treated to contrast with clear water+0.02% tween 20, and relatively chlorine dioxide concentration is 1 * 10
-3G/L, 3 * 10
-3G/L, 5 * 10
-3G/L, 7 * 10
-3G/L, 9 * 10
-3G/L, 11 * 10
-3During g/L to the cleaning performance of red fuji apple surface colony.Result such as table 4:
Table 4 different concns dioxide peroxide is to the clearance of red fuji apple surface colony
Embodiment three shows: 1 * 10
-3G/L～11 * 10
-3The dioxide peroxide of g/L can both wash the red fuji apple surface colony, and wherein chlorine dioxide concentration is 7 * 10
-3G/L～11 * 10
-3The removal effect of g/L is better.
Embodiment four
With the red fuji apple is example; Three of the oxalic acid that draws with embodiment one, two, three, sodium-chlor and dioxide peroxide be concentration preferably; Designed the cleaning agent formula shown in the table 1 through orthogonal experiment, be treated to contrast, cleaned red fuji apple with clear water+0.02% tween 20.Inquire into the cleaning performance of different clean-out systems to red fuji apple agricultural chemicals, heavy metal, bacterium colony.
Different clean-out systems is to the cleaning performance of red fuji apple agricultural chemicals, result such as table 5:
The different clean-out system of table 5 is to the clearance rate of red fuji apple agricultural chemicals
1～9 range analysis of orthogonal experiment scheme such as table 5 ':
Table 5 ' to the clearance rate intuitive analysis of agricultural chemicals
(annotating: A-concentration of oxalic acid, B-sodium chloride concentration, C-chlorine dioxide concentration) (as follows)
Can draw according to test-results, be A＞B＞C to the influence factor of each composition of agricultural chemicals, and best proportioning is A
2B
1C
3, A
2B
1C
1, promptly to the pesticides removal effect best be 10.0g/L oxalic acid+10.0g/L NaCl+11 * 10
-3G/L ClO
2+ 0.02% tween 20 and 10.0g/L oxalic acid+10.0g/L NaCl+7 * 10
-3G/LClO
2+ 0.02% tween 20.
The different clean-out system of table 6 is to the clearance rate of red fuji apple heavy metal
1～9 range analysis of orthogonal experiment scheme such as table 6 ':
Table 6 ' to the clearance rate intuitive analysis of heavy metal
Can draw according to test-results, be A＞C＞B to the influence factor of each composition of heavy metal.Best proportioning is A
2B
1C
2, A
3B
2C
1, what promptly counterweight metal removal effect was best is 10.0g/L oxalic acid+10.0g/L NaCl+9 * 10
-3G/L ClO
2+ 0.02% tween 20 and 15.0g/L oxalic acid+20.0g/L NaCl+7 * 10
-3G/L ClO
2+ 0.02% tween 20.
The different clean-out system of table 7 is to the clearance rate of red fuji apple bacterium colony
1～9 range analysis of orthogonal experiment scheme such as table 7 ':
Table 7 ' to the clearance rate intuitive analysis of bacterium colony
Can draw according to test-results, be A＞C＞B to the bacterium colony influence factor, and best proportioning is A
1B
2C
3, promptly to the bacterium colony removal effect best be 5.0g/L oxalic acid+20.0g/L NaCl+11 * 10
-3G/L ClO
2+ 0.02% tween 20.
Agricultural chemicals, heavy metal, bacterium colony three are comprehensively compared, carry out range analysis such as table 8:
Table 8 Comprehensive Assessment range analysis as a result
More than comprehensive, the factor primary and secondary that each composition influence cleans is A＞B＞C, and best proportioning is A
2B
1C
2, i.e. 10.0g/L oxalic acid+10.0g/L NaCl+9 * 10
-3G/L ClO
2+ 0.02% tween 20.
Embodiment five
No. 4 10.0g/L oxalic acid+10.0g/L NaCl+9 * 10 of clean-out system
-3G/L ClO
2The red fuji apple that+0.02% tween 20 and clear water+contrast 0.02% tween 20 cleans, storage 170d, storage effect is relatively during outbound.
Result such as table 9:
Table 9 storage 170d, both rate of weight loss and rotting rate are relatively
Can draw according to test-results, clean-out system can improve the storage tolerance of red fuji apple significantly.
Draw thus, the cleaning performance on the 4 pairs of red fuji apples of complex cleaning and washing agent surface is best, and the clearance of agricultural chemicals can reach more than 80%, and the clearance of plumbous and bacterium colony is respectively 91.29% and 80.64%.Its washing effect is apparently higher than tap water, and the fruit storage tolerance after clean-out system cleans strengthens.
Claims (8)
1. an apple clean-out system is characterized in that, it is made up of oxalic acid, sodium-chlor, dioxide peroxide and tween 20, and described oxalic acid content is 5.0～15.0g/L; Described sodium chloride content is 10.0～30.0g/L; Described chlorine dioxide content 7～11 * 10
-3G/L; Described tween 20 accounts for 0.02% of gross weight.
2. apple clean-out system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described oxalic acid content is 10.0g/L.
3. apple clean-out system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described sodium chloride content is 10.0g/L.
4. apple clean-out system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described chlorine dioxide content 9 * 10
-3G/L.
5. according to the arbitrary described apple clean-out system of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that: said oxalic acid content is 10.0g/L; Said sodium chloride content is 10.0g/L; Said chlorine dioxide content 9 * 10
-3G/L; Said tween 20 accounts for 0.02% of gross weight.
6. a purging method that uses the described apple clean-out system of claim 1 is characterized in that, this method may further comprise the steps:
1) selects the apple fruit
Select and be of moderate size, color and luster is close, no mechanical injury, and no disease and pest, the fruit that fruit shape is rectified, ripening degree is consistent are some;
2) clean pre-treatment
The apple fruit of select is immersed in m-tetrachlorophthalodinitrile, PP-383,3 kinds of agricultural chemicals mixed solutions of Deltamethrin and the concentration that concentration all is 100mg/L respectively to be respectively in lead, cadmium and the copper 3 heavy metal species mixed solutions of 10mg/L, 10mg/L and 20mg/L; Immersion is no less than 10min; Take out, dry naturally;
3) clean
At room temperature; With the apple of directly adopting back and soaked the agricultural chemicals mixed solution and the apple of heavy metal mixed solution is used the described clean-out system clean of claim 1 respectively; Take out after immersion is no less than 10min in clean-out system during cleaning; Be no less than 5 seconds with flushing with clean water again, put under the room temperature and dry naturally;
4) detect
At first measure the apple that soaks agricultural chemicals mixed solution and heavy metal mixed solution, measure then after cleaning; Measure the apple of directly adopting back, measure then after cleaning;
Measuring method is following particularly:
[1] mensuration of agricultural chemicals: carry out according to the vapor-phase chromatography among the NY/T761-2004;
Degradation of pesticide rate=(apple pesticide residue before cleaning-apple pesticide residue after washing)/apple pesticide residue * 100% before cleaning;
[2] Determination of Heavy Metal: measure plumbous, cadmium according to the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry among the GB/T5009.12-2003, the atomic fluorescence absorption spectroscopy is measured copper;
Heavy metal degradation rate=(apple residual quantity of heavy metal before cleaning-apple residual quantity of heavy metal after washing)/apple residual quantity of heavy metal * 100% before cleaning;
[3] mensuration of total number of bacterial colony: with reference to GB/T4789.2-2003 " detection of food sanitation microbiology " carry out; Bacterium colony content * 100% before bacterium colony clearance rate (%)=(apple cleans preceding bacterium colony content-apple bacterium colony content after washing)/apple cleans.
7. the purging method of apple clean-out system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: be to take out behind 10～20min with the soak time of above-mentioned apple in clean-out system during said clean-out system clean, again with tap water flushing 5～10 seconds.
8. the purging method of apple clean-out system according to claim 6 is characterized in that: be to take out behind the 15min with the soak time of above-mentioned apple in clean-out system during said clean-out system clean, again with tap water flushing 8 seconds.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100216946A CN101845369B (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2009-03-26 | Apple cleaning agent and cleaning method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100216946A CN101845369B (en) | 2009-03-26 | 2009-03-26 | Apple cleaning agent and cleaning method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101845369A CN101845369A (en) | 2010-09-29 |
| CN101845369B true CN101845369B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
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ID=42770187
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1876787A (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2006-12-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | Fruit rust cleaning agent and use method thereof |
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2009
- 2009-03-26 CN CN2009100216946A patent/CN101845369B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1876787A (en) * | 2006-05-22 | 2006-12-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | Fruit rust cleaning agent and use method thereof |
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|---|---|
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