CN101840650A - Device and method for measuring specific heat ratio of air under different temperatures - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring specific heat ratio of air under different temperatures Download PDFInfo
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- CN101840650A CN101840650A CN 201010148139 CN201010148139A CN101840650A CN 101840650 A CN101840650 A CN 101840650A CN 201010148139 CN201010148139 CN 201010148139 CN 201010148139 A CN201010148139 A CN 201010148139A CN 101840650 A CN101840650 A CN 101840650A
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for measuring specific heat ratio of air under different temperatures, which comprises an air storage bottle, a pressure sensor and an air temperature testing sensor which are arranged in the bottle, wherein an air charge part and an air discharge part are fixed on the air storage bottle. The device is characterized in that the device further comprises a temperature display and control device which is arranged around the air storage bottle. The temperature display and control device comprises a heat bath container, an electric heating part, a bath temperature testing sensor and a microcontroller, wherein the electric heating part and the bath temperature testing sensor are fixedly arranged in the heat bath container and are electrically connected with the microcontroller. The invention further provides a method for measuring the specific heat ratio of the air under different temperatures through above device. The device and the method can ensure that the air temperature can be at a precise range, enriches the experimental teaching contents and improves the learning initiatives of the students.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the experimental teaching field, relate to a kind of device of measuring the air ratio ratio of specific heat, particularly a kind of device of measuring the specific heat ratio of air under the different temperatures, and utilize this device to carry out the method that the air ratio ratio of specific heat is measured under the different temperatures.
Background technology
Generally, material of the same race can have different specific heat capacities, and the specific heat capacity of material not only has strong dependence with temperature, but also depends on the constraint that outer bound pair material itself is applied.When constant pressure, can get the specific heat capacity at constant pressure C of material
P, can get the specific heat capacity at constant volume C of material during given volume
VThe specific heat capacity at constant pressure C of gas
PWith specific heat capacity at constant volume C
VRatio be called the specific heat ratio (representing) of this gas with γ, specific heat ratio is a very important parameters in adiabatic process particularly in thermodynamic process." Experiment of College Physics " is one of compulsory course of industry science and natural sciences undergraduate, and " measurement of air ratio ratio of specific heat " this thermodynamics experiment is offered rate in " Experiment of College Physics " of the many colleges and universities of China higher, generally adopts the adiabatic expansion method to measure the specific heat ratio of air.Air ratio ratio of specific heat measurement mechanism is made up of following several sections: gas bomb (comprising vial, air inlet piston, rubber stopper), two sensors (each of diffusion silicon pressure sensor and current mode integrated temperature sensor), the digital voltmeter of survey atmospheric pressure, the digital thermometer of survey air themperature.This experimental facilities utilization rate height, classmate's major part of taking the Experiment of College Physics course all can be elected to be.
In the process that instructs " measurement of air ratio ratio of specific heat " experiment, the device of finding the empty specific heat ratio of existing measurement that this experiment is adopted has the following disadvantages: the one, and only be the value under the room temperature condition in a certain period by the measured air ratio thermal capacitance ratio of this device, and Ratio of Specific Heats of Air is a physical quantity that changes along with the gas temperature variation, and this experimental facilities can't reflect this physical phenomenon; The 2nd, this tests whole process more than 3 hours, during room temperature because a variety of causes is constantly to change, can't guarantee that promptly room temperature maintains a certain fixed temperature, also just can't definitely obtain the air ratio thermal capacitance ratio under a certain temperature; The 3rd, the interior gas of gas bomb is in sealing state in this experiment existing equipment, and temperature is long with the equilibrium process of bottle outer temperature in bottle, and ability reading behind the gaseous state complete stability has reduced student's learning efficiency in the necessary wait bottle.Above deficiency has weakened the teaching efficiency that this experiment should obtain, also be the student at one of focal issue that this experiment reflected, if can overcome above-mentioned deficiency, can not only enrich the content of courses of this experiment, and can also improve the enthusiasm of classmates to this experiment, guarantee teaching efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of and measure the device of the specific heat ratio of air under the different temperatures and utilize this device to carry out the method that the air ratio ratio of specific heat is measured under the different temperatures.
The concrete technical scheme of the device of the specific heat ratio of air is under the described measurement different temperatures, a kind of device that can under different temperatures, measure the air ratio ratio of specific heat, comprise gas bomb, place pressure transducer and temperature sensor in the bottle, be fixed with aerating parts and deflation feature on the described gas bomb, it is characterized in that, comprise that also is arranged on a gas bomb temperature display temperature regulating device on every side, this temperature display temperature regulating device comprises the heating bath container, electric heating device, temperature sensor and microcontroller, wherein the temperature sensor fixed placement is used for measuring its temperature in real time and feeding back to microcontroller, microcontroller and electric heating device in the heating bath container, temperature sensor is electrically connected.
The heating bath medium of the temperature display temperature regulating device that increases in the above-mentioned specific heat ratio measurement mechanism adopts water or oil, the change of air themperature can realize by changing water temperature or oily temperature in the bottle, and water temperature or oily temperature can remain on more accurately in the scope by sensing system, when temperature is lower than lowest set temperature, electric heater is opened automatically; When temperature is higher than the highest design temperature, electric heater cuts out automatically.This device can also show temperature in real time by charactron or LCD or light emitting diode, makes temperature information more directly perceived, makes things convenient for the user.
Described pressure transducer is digital diffusion silicon pressure sensor, and described temperature sensor is the digital semi-conductor temperature sensor.Described aerating and deflation feature are fixed by the rubber stopper that is arranged on the gas storage bottleneck, and the aerating parts are inflated and also are provided with an air intake valve between ball and the gas bomb for inflating ball; Deflation feature is the air valve piston.
The method of air ratio ratio of specific heat under the measurement different temperatures of the present invention is used the specific heat ratio measurement mechanism that above-mentioned temperature display temperature regulating device is installed, and the method for air ratio ratio of specific heat may further comprise the steps under the described measurement different temperatures:
1) after the normal standby of device, opens deflation feature on the gas bomb, make bottle interior pressure and external ambient atmosphere pressure P
0Balance; Set heating bath holding temperature T by the microcontroller of temperature display temperature regulating device
0, and waiting temperature is stable to T
0
2) close the deflation feature of gas bomb, air is pressed into gas bomb, wait for that an air themperature returns to T in the bottle by the aerating parts
0, atmospheric pressure P in record bottle this moment
1
3) open deflation feature rapidly, the pressure of air drops to ambient atmosphere pressure P in gas bomb
0The time, close deflation feature rapidly; Treat that temperature returns to T in the gas bomb
0, atmospheric pressure P in record bottle this moment
2
4) be T by the formula accounting temperature
0The time the air ratio ratio of specific heat
5) open deflation feature on the gas bomb, make bottle interior pressure and external ambient atmosphere pressure P
0Balance; Set heating bath holding temperature T by the microcontroller of temperature display temperature regulating device
1, and waiting temperature is stable to T
1Repeat above-mentioned steps 2 to 4, obtain another temperature T
1The time the air ratio ratio of specific heat.
In order to make measurement result more accurate, the method that can adopt repeatedly measurement to average repeatedly repeats above-mentioned steps 1 to 4, can obtain the air ratio thermal capacitance ratio under the same temperature of many groups, then by asking its mean value to improve accuracy of measurement.
Adopt water as the heating bath medium, can record the air ratio thermal capacitance ratio of room temperature to the boiling temperature of water; Adopt oil as the heating bath medium, the observable temperature scope then can be wideer.
The device of the specific heat ratio of air has following beneficial effect under the measurement different temperatures of the present invention:
1, by on existing air ratio ratio of specific heat measurement mechanism basis, increasing the temperature display temperature regulating device, the environment of a variable temperatures can be provided, thereby carry out the measurement of the air ratio ratio of specific heat under the different temperatures.
2,, can guarantee that the interior air themperature of gas cylinder remains on one more accurately in the scope, rather than change along with the variation of room temperature by on existing air ratio ratio of specific heat measurement mechanism basis, increasing the temperature display temperature regulating device.
3, this device can also show in real time to temperature, shortens the equilibration time of interior temperature of each bottle and the outer temperature of bottle simultaneously.
4, this device has increased by a cover temperature display temperature regulating device, can enrich the content of courses of the instrument aspect of this experiment, improves student's learning initiative.
In addition, device of the present invention has kept characteristics such as simple and direct, the directly perceived and strong operability of existing equipment; Shorten experimental period simultaneously, make experimental data more accurate, reduced experimental error, and can improve student's enthusiasm, excite its creativeness.
The method of the specific heat ratio of air has following beneficial effect under the measurement different temperatures of the present invention:
1, the method for the invention provides a kind of practicable technical scheme for the measurement of the specific heat ratio of air under the different temperatures, by on existing air ratio ratio of specific heat measurement mechanism basis, increasing the temperature display temperature regulating device, the environment of a variable temperatures can be provided, thereby carry out the measurement of the air ratio ratio of specific heat under the different temperatures.
2, the measured air ratio ratio of specific heat of the method for the invention is the value under a certain fixed temperature, rather than the measurement of under this uncertain temperature of room temperature, being carried out, by on existing air ratio ratio of specific heat measurement mechanism basis, increasing the temperature display temperature regulating device, can guarantee that air themperature remains on one more accurately in the scope, rather than change along with the variation of room temperature.
3, by measurement, can further improve the understanding of classmates to this important physical amount of specific heat ratio to air ratio ratio of specific heat under the different temperatures.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the device of air ratio ratio of specific heat under the embodiment 1 described measurement different temperatures.Among the figure, 1-gas bomb, 2-pressure transducer, 3-temperature sensor, 4-charging valve, 5-are inflated ball, the 6-valve of exitting, and the 7-water bath containers, 8-water, the 9-electric heating device, the 10-temperature sensor, the 11-annular is plank fixedly, the 12-air hole.
Fig. 2 be under the measured different temperatures of embodiment 2 the air ratio ratio of specific heat to the curve map of temperature variation.
Embodiment
Come the present invention is described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1 measures the device of air ratio ratio of specific heat under the different temperatures
In the present embodiment, the structural representation of the device of air ratio ratio of specific heat comprises specific heat ratio measure portion and water-bath device part as shown in Figure 1 under the measurement different temperatures.The specific heat ratio measure portion comprises gas bomb 1, pressure transducer 2, surveys temperature temperature sensor 3, charging valve 4, inflate ball 5, venting valve 6, each member mounting means is: pressure transducer 2 and survey temperature temperature sensor 3 place in the gas bomb, pass the rubber stopper and the sealing and fixing of gas storage bottleneck, charging valve 4 and venting valve 6 rubber stopper and the sealing and fixing of passing the gas storage bottleneck equally, the other end of charging valve 4 are connected with inflates ball 5.Pressure transducer 2 is electrically connected with digital voltmeter, when atmospheric pressure to be measured is ambient atmosphere pressure P
0The time, digital voltmeter is shown as 0mV, when atmospheric pressure to be measured is P
0During+10KPa, digital voltmeter is shown as 200mV, and the sensitivity of measurement gas pressure is 20mV/KPa, and measuring accuracy is 5Pa.Surveying temperature temperature sensor 3 is AD590 current mode integrated temperature sensor, and temperature survey is highly sensitive, good linearity, and temperature-measuring range is-50-150 ℃.AD590 can produce 5mV/ ℃ signal voltage at the resistance two ends with after 6V direct supply and 5K Ω resistance are connected in series, and by four half word voltages of 0-1.999V range table, can detect 0.02 ℃ temperature variation again.
The water-bath device partly comprises water bath containers 7, electric heater 9, survey water temperature sensor 10, fixedly plank 11, survey water temperature sensor 10 fixed placement and be used for measuring its water temperature in real time and feeding back to microcontroller in water bath containers 7, microcontroller is electrically connected with electric heating device 9, survey water temperature sensor 10.Surveying the water temperature sensor is Pt100, and microcontroller is the CD708 type, and temperature-controlled precision is ± 1 ℃, crosses charactron temperature is shown in real time.The change of air themperature can realize by changing water temperature in the bottle, and water temperature can remain on more accurately in the scope by sensing system, and when temperature is lower than lowest set temperature, electric heater 10 is opened automatically; When temperature is higher than the highest design temperature, electric heater 10 cuts out automatically.
For gas bomb 1 is fixed in the water, on water bath containers 7 tops fixed support has been installed, described fixed support is spliced by the plank cutting, and be fixed on the water bath containers, pars intermedia is a circular hole separately, adaptive with the bottleneck external diameter size of gas bomb, gas bomb is pressed in below the support and can not moves up and down; In addition installed annular fixedly plank 11 additional at the water bath containers middle part, this annular fixedly plank places the middle part of water bath containers, and interior ring is big or small suitable with the gas bomb outer wall, and outer shroud and water bath containers inwall size are adaptive, can prevent the gas bomb move left and right.Consider that an electric heater can cause heating uneven, three electric heaters can be set, two symmetries are placed in the water, are fixed on middle plank, and another one places the water bath containers bottom, thereby makes homogeneous heating.One or more pores 12 are arranged on fixed support in addition, make things convenient for water vapour to get rid of, and can replenish the water that loses owing to evaporation easily.
The method of air ratio ratio of specific heat is used embodiment 1 described device under the described measurement different temperatures of present embodiment.The air ratio ratio of specific heat of measuring under the different temperatures can realize by the value of air ratio ratio of specific heat under the different specified temps of duplicate measurements.
Experimental procedure is:
(1) after the normal standby of device, open venting valve 6, gas bomb 1 communicates with atmosphere, sets the specified temp T that will measure on microcontroller CD708
0, by microprocessor controls electric heater 9.When temperature is lower than established temperature, well heater 9 is started working, and when treating that temperature reaches established temperature, electric heater 9 stops heating, so repeatedly, makes system remain on the temperature T of setting
0± 1 ℃ of scope in.
(2) close venting valve 6, open charging valve 4, in gas bomb 1, inflate, charge into a certain amount of gas, close gas filling valve 4 then with inflating ball 5.The interior air of bottle this moment is compressed, and pressure increases, and temperature raises.Wait for the internal gas temperature stabilization, promptly reach and the system temperature balance that the gas of this moment is in state I (P
1, V
1, T
0).Atmospheric pressure P in record bottle this moment
1
(3) open venting valve 6 rapidly, bottle interior gas is communicated with atmosphere, pressure drop is to P in bottle
0The time, close venting valve 6 at once, be the gas of the Δ V gas bomb 1 (annotating: when opening 6 venting of venting valve, when hearing that venting sound will finish, should close the valve 6 of exitting rapidly) that spurts with volume.Because deflation course is very fast, the gas that keeps in the bottle has little time to carry out heat interchange with the external world, can think the process of an adiabatic expansion.Gas after this process in the bottle is by state I (P
1, V
1, T
0) change state I I (P into
0, V
2, T
1).Because gas temperature T in the bottle
1Be lower than system temperature T
0So gas is slowly from external world's heat absorption, temperature and system temperature T in reaching bottle in the bottle
0Till the balance, it is P that the interior gas pressure intensity of bottle this moment also increases thereupon
2Gaseous state after then stable is III (P
2, V
2, T
0).Can be regarded as a process that waits the appearance heat absorption from the process of state I I → state I II.Atmospheric pressure P in record bottle this moment
2
(4) state I → II is adiabatic process, is got by adiabatic process equation
The temperature of state I and state I II is T
0, get by the equation of gas state
P
1V
1=P
2V
2(formula 2)
Merge formula (1), (2), cancellation V
1, V
2
Promptly calculating temperature by formula (3) is T
0The time air ratio ratio of specific heat γ.
(5) repeating above step (1)-(4) carries out measuring for 6 times (also can be 5 times or 10 inferior) and averages.
(6) reset temperature, repeat above step (1)-(5) and measure air ratio ratio of specific heat γ under the different temperatures.
Experimental data and result
The measurement of the air ratio ratio of specific heat when present embodiment has carried out that temperature is respectively 20 ℃, 40 ℃, 60 ℃, 80 ℃.Table 1 is experimental data raw readings and result of calculation, each temperature duplicate measurements 6 times, the reduction formula of pressure is:
Wherein P ' is the corresponding magnitude of voltage of pressure, and unit is mV.
Maximal value and minimum value among 6 air ratio ratio of specific heat γ under each uniform temp are removed, obtained the mean value of air ratio ratio of specific heat
And the category-A uncertainty, the gained data are as shown in table 2.With the temperature is horizontal ordinate, with the mean value of air ratio ratio of specific heat
Make curve map, as shown in Figure 2.
The computing formula of category-A uncertainty is:
Measure the original data record and the result of calculation of air ratio ratio of specific heat under table 1 different temperatures
The mean value of air ratio ratio of specific heat under table 2 different temperatures
And category-A uncertainty
From above data and Fig. 2 as can be known, air its specific heat ratio under different temperatures is inequality, and certain Changing Pattern is arranged, and promptly the specific heat ratio of air reduces with the rising of temperature, and the speed that reduces also changes with variation of temperature.
Claims (8)
1. device of measuring air ratio ratio of specific heat under the different temperatures, comprise gas bomb, place the pressure transducer in the bottle and survey the temperature temperature sensor, be fixed with aerating parts and deflation feature on the described gas bomb, it is characterized in that, comprise that also is arranged on a gas bomb temperature display temperature regulating device on every side, this temperature display temperature regulating device comprises that heating bath container, electric heating device, survey bathe warm temperature sensor and microcontroller, wherein electric heating device and survey and bathe warm temperature sensor fixed placement and be electrically connected in the heating bath container and with microcontroller.
2. the device of air ratio ratio of specific heat under the measurement different temperatures according to claim 1, the heating bath medium that it is characterized in that described temperature display temperature regulating device is water or oil.
3. the device of air ratio ratio of specific heat under the measurement different temperatures according to claim 1 is characterized in that described pressure transducer is digital diffusion silicon pressure sensor, and described survey temperature temperature sensor is the digital semi-conductor temperature sensor.
4. the device of air ratio ratio of specific heat under the measurement different temperatures according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described aerating parts and deflation feature fix by the rubber stopper that is arranged on the gas storage bottleneck, the aerating parts are inflated and are provided with an air intake valve between ball and the gas bomb for inflating ball.
5. a method of measuring air ratio ratio of specific heat under the different temperatures is characterized in that using the described specific heat ratio measurement mechanism of each claim in the claim 1 to 4, may further comprise the steps:
1) after the normal standby of device, opens deflation feature on the gas bomb, make bottle interior pressure and outside atmosphere pressure P
0Balance; Set heating bath holding temperature T by the microcontroller of temperature display temperature regulating device
0, and waiting temperature is stable to T
0
2) close the deflation feature of gas bomb, air is pressed into gas bomb, wait for that an air themperature returns to T once more in the bottle by the aerating parts
0, atmospheric pressure P in record bottle this moment
1
3) open deflation feature rapidly, the pressure of air drops to outside atmosphere pressure P in gas bomb
0The time, close deflation feature rapidly; Treat that temperature returns to T once more in the gas bomb
0, atmospheric pressure P in record bottle this moment
2
4) be T by the formula accounting temperature
0The time the air ratio ratio of specific heat, computing formula is
5) open deflation feature on the gas bomb, make bottle interior pressure and outside atmosphere pressure P
0Balance; Microcontroller setting by the temperature display temperature regulating device is different from temperature T in the step (1)
0Heating bath holding temperature T
1, and waiting temperature is stable to T
1Repeat above-mentioned steps 2 to 4, and make each recovery temperature be T
1, obtain another temperature T
1The time the air ratio ratio of specific heat.
6. the method for air ratio ratio of specific heat under the measurement different temperatures according to claim 5, it is characterized in that repeatedly repeating the described step 1 of claim 5 to 4, obtain the air ratio thermal capacitance ratio under the same temperature of many groups, then by asking its mean value to improve accuracy of measurement.
7. the method for air ratio ratio of specific heat under the measurement different temperatures according to claim 5 is characterized in that described heating bath medium is a water, measure temperature in room temperature between the boiling spread of water.
8. the method for air ratio ratio of specific heat under the measurement different temperatures according to claim 7 is characterized in that described measurement temperature is between room temperature to 80 ℃.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101481392A CN101840650B (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Device and method for measuring specific heat ratio of air under different temperatures |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101481392A CN101840650B (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Device and method for measuring specific heat ratio of air under different temperatures |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102542880A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 四川大学 | Method for quickly measuring air specific heat ratio |
| CN102778543A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2012-11-14 | 南京千韵电子科技有限公司 | Device for measuring ratio of specific heat capacity of gas |
| CN104237061A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-24 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring air specific heat ratio via vibration of drumhead object |
| CN104297098A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-21 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring specific heat ratio of air by vibration of piston in cylinder |
| CN104849309A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-08-19 | 南京工业大学 | Intelligent tester and testing method for testing gas ratio and heat capacity ratio |
| CN105136606A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 河海大学 | Gas specific heat ratio measuring method and system thereof |
| CN107845710A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-03-27 | 江苏新广联半导体有限公司 | A kind of gallium nitride base feux rouges epitaxial slice structure and preparation method |
| CN109142423A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of measuring system of Intelligentized digital motor air specific heat ratio |
-
2010
- 2010-04-16 CN CN2010101481392A patent/CN101840650B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 《天津轻工业学院学报》 19990430 王玉璞 等 《利用单片微机实现对空气比热容比实验的过程控制》 65-68 1-8 , 第2期 2 * |
| 《河南师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 19930531 王喜中 等 《膨胀法测气体比热容比的改进》 96-98 1-8 第21卷, 第2期 2 * |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102542880A (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2012-07-04 | 四川大学 | Method for quickly measuring air specific heat ratio |
| CN102778543A (en) * | 2012-08-10 | 2012-11-14 | 南京千韵电子科技有限公司 | Device for measuring ratio of specific heat capacity of gas |
| CN104237061A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-24 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring air specific heat ratio via vibration of drumhead object |
| CN104297098A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-21 | 四川大学 | Method for measuring specific heat ratio of air by vibration of piston in cylinder |
| CN104849309A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-08-19 | 南京工业大学 | Intelligent tester and testing method for testing gas ratio and heat capacity ratio |
| CN105136606A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2015-12-09 | 河海大学 | Gas specific heat ratio measuring method and system thereof |
| CN107845710A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-03-27 | 江苏新广联半导体有限公司 | A kind of gallium nitride base feux rouges epitaxial slice structure and preparation method |
| CN109142423A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of measuring system of Intelligentized digital motor air specific heat ratio |
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|---|---|
| CN101840650B (en) | 2012-01-04 |
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