A kind of wind direction tracking wind power generation simulating device
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of wind power generator, specifically, relate to a kind of wind direction tracking wind power generation simulating device.
Background technique
Society of today has been an Electrification Age, electric power is for our present life, arrived indispensable stage, with regard to daily life, electromagnetism stove, electricity burn kettle, electric cooker, refrigerator ..., and the daily tap water of drinking of people, if there is not electricity, all equipment relevant with electricity all can't turn round.Because the exhaustion of traditional energy and people are to the attention of environmental protection, electric power system is being faced with dramatic change, and distributed power generation will become the developing direction of Future Power System.The energy that solar energy, geothermal power, wind energy, ocean energy, nuclear energy and biomass energy etc. are present in occurring in nature is known as " renewable energy sources ", because these energy are less to environmental hazard, therefore is called again " green energy resource ".The exploitation green energy resource is the important channel that solves energy crisis.Wherein, wind-power electricity generation is acknowledged as one of with high content of technology, the most rising technology with its unique advantage.
The wind-power electricity generation simulator is based on the testing apparatus that is applicable to teaching of the principle making of present Large-scale Wind Turbines, obtain natural wind yet how to simulate, making testing apparatus to change in time according to wind direction adjusts, in the hope of obtaining maximum generating efficiency, the experimental test means of science can't be provided the qualitative of product and design simultaneously, be difficult to produce high-quality wind power generating set and external wind power generating set manufacturer competition, the equipment and the breadboard testing apparatus that also do not have at present realistic simulation wind wheel output characteristics, the present invention has remedied the blank of wind-power electricity generation simulator, has proposed a kind of wind-power electricity generation simulator that has the wind direction tracking device.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of wind direction tracking wind power generation simulating device, lacking of can solving that prior art exists, be used to test the problem of the wind-power electricity generation testing apparatus of teaching.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of wind direction tracking wind power generation simulating device, comprise wind-power generating system and air supply system by control system control, described wind-power generating system comprises a vertical columns, being provided with above the column can be around the crossbeam of described column rotation, and described crossbeam is provided with the generator set of being made up of impeller and generator; Described air supply system comprises windmill and blower fan, and windmill drives blower fan and rotates around described wind-power generating system.
In order to realize windmill rotatablely moving around described wind-power generating system, in technological scheme of the present invention, also have following technical characteristics: described windmill connects column by connecting rod, described connecting rod one end and described windmill are fixed, the other end is sleeved on the described column by the collar, is provided with swivel bearing in the described collar.
Further, in order to make wind that blower fan blows out more near natural wind, the rotation wind that blower fan is blown out changes the straight wind near natural wind into, on the exhaust outlet of described blower fan wind deflector is installed, the left and right sides of described wind deflector is the bell mouth shape side plate, middle dividing plate for vertically being arranged in parallel.
Drive blower fan in the process of described wind-power generating system rotation at windmill, wrapping phenomena can take place in the electric wire on blower fan and the motor on connecting rod and column, can influence the rotation of windmill, for avoiding above-mentioned phenomenon, described column is provided with snubber, described snubber limit described connecting rod around the angle of described column rotation between 0 °~330 °.
In technique scheme of the present invention, also have following technical characteristics: described windmill comprises a support, described support top is provided with blower fan, the bottom is a base, base is provided with driving wheel and follower, and drive the rotation of described driving wheel and follower driving the windmill walking, and then change the motor of wind direction.
Further, described driving wheel comprises one, is arranged on a side of described base bottom; Described follower comprises two, is arranged on an other side of described base bottom.
Further, for strengthening the connection between windmill and the column, prevent that the windmill support from rolling in rotating process, also be provided with strut between described support and the column, described strut one end connects the upper end of described support, the other end connects the end that described connecting rod is installed the collar, and described connecting rod is sleeved on the lower end of column by the collar.
Obtain the utilization of maximal efficiency for the wind that makes air supply system blow out, need carry out wind direction tracking to the impeller on the crossbeam, therefore the end at described crossbeam is provided with wind vane, and wind vane connects encoder, by the encoder output detection signal to described control system; Described control system is judged the wind regime direction according to the testing signal of encoder output, and then exports control command to the drive motor that is installed on the crossbeam, and then follows wind regime by described drive motor drive crossbeam and rotate.
In order to realize the rotation of crossbeam around described column, on the output shaft of described drive motor, small gear is installed, be installed with gearwheel on the described column, described small gear and gearwheel are meshed, control system provides the control system signal, the drive motor rotation drives small gear and rotate around gearwheel, thereby the crossbeam that drives the drive motor place is rotated around described column.
Because the cause of inertia, when air supply system stopped the rotation, crossbeam can be crossed current spacing value position, is provided with hydraulic brake system on described crossbeam bottom surface in the crossbeam rotary course, comprised oil hydraulic cylinder and by the device of holding tightly of its control; On described column, be provided with the limit switch that the crossbeam angle of swing is detected, described limit switch output detection signal is to described control system, control system output control system signal when detecting the spacing value of crossbeam arrival is held device tightly by Driven by Hydraulic Cylinder and is held column tightly to oil hydraulic cylinder.
Further, also be provided with anemoclinograph on described crossbeam, energy measuring wind speed in real time, wind direction also is presented on the operating console.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
Wind-power electricity generation simulator of the present invention mainly is that the chamber device principle of studying wind-power electricity generation is formed by experiment, running and how to improve the efficient of generating electricity more expeditiously, thereby introduced the wind direction tracking device.It can detect the direction of wind in real time, and according to the direction that existing wind direction is regulated the power generation blade windward side automatically, makes it the direction towards wind all the time, and will have wind energy transformation to greatest extent now is electric energy.Filled up the blank in market,
1, adopt windmill to drive blower fan, saved the space around the mode that column rotates, and can the actual wind-power electricity generation simulator of more accurate simulation; Corresponding wind-power generating system is followed the air supply system rotation, maximal efficiency be electric energy with wind energy transformation.
2. embedded anemoclinograph, energy measuring wind speed in real time, wind direction also is presented on the operating console, and be directly perceived, vivid;
3. adopted frequency variator to start and become flexible the startup, electrical network and system have not been had impact, prolonged the working life of equipment, saved maintenance expenses and reduce amount of maintenance; Realized stepless speed regulation, speed-regulating range width, characteristic curve is good, control accuracy height, good energy-conserving effect;
4. energy real-time tracking wind direction can maximally utilise resource, has the production meaning;
5. have brake function, can prevent to move limit, excessive velocities; System adopts popular hydraulic brake system to system's control of braking, and makes it more approaching industrial real application systems.Adopt hydraulic-pressure pump as the brake driver, hydraulic jack is as the brake final controlling element, and it is little to have a noise, and effect is good, and the characteristics that cost is low can also allow the student learn hydraulicdriven principle, form and implementation in actual applications simultaneously.System is furnished with self-actuating brake and two kinds of patterns of manual brake, is convenient to the student and advances rank study, has also enriched the real training content simultaneously;
6. the cost performance height is particularly suitable for the family system.
Drive motor adopts the 380V AC motor, the efficient height, and driving force is strong, is easy to control.The PLC main frame selects for use the S7-314C-2DP of Siemens can finish comparatively complicated control requirement, and the analog amount input/output function is arranged.Especially, the I/O mouth of PLC all has corresponding plug wire terminal on panel, and convenient, flexible applied in any combination is carried out the exploitation second time.
7, the configuration of wind-driven generator complete machine is good, and reliable performance is sturdy and durable, elegant in appearance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of wind direction tracking wind power generation simulating device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the composition schematic representation of The whole control system;
Symbol among the figure and explanation thereof:
10, wind-power generating system; 11, column; 12, crossbeam; 13, impeller; 13-1, anemoclinograph; 14, generator; 15, wind vane; 16, encoder; 17, drive motor; 18, small gear; 19, gearwheel;
20, air supply system; 21, blower fan; 22, windmill; 23, wind deflector; 23-1, side plate; 23-2, dividing plate; 24, windmill support; 25, base; 26, motor; 27, driving wheel; 28, follower;
30, connecting rod; 31, strut; 32, the collar; 33, swivel bearing; 34, snubber;
40, hydraulic brake system; 41, oil hydraulic cylinder; 42, hold device tightly; 43, limit switch.
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of wind direction tracking wind power generation simulating device, comprise wind-power generating system 10 and air supply system 20 by control system (not shown on the figure) control, wind-power generating system 10 comprises a vertical columns 11, being provided with above the column 11 can be around the crossbeam 12 of described column 11 rotations, described crossbeam 12 1 ends are provided with impeller 13, and crossbeam 12 middle parts are provided with generator 14, and impeller 13 and generator 14 are formed generator set;
Air supply system 20 comprises blower fan 21 and windmill 22, and windmill 22 drives blower fan 21 around described wind-power generating system 10 rotations.
Above-mentioned air supply system 20 forms a kind of wind-power electricity generation testing apparatus that is used to test teaching around wind-power generating system 10 rotations.
Concrete annexation is as follows: described windmill 22 comprises a support 23, described support 23 tops install and fix described blower fan 21, support 23 bottoms are base 25, base 25 is provided with motor 26, one side of base 25 bottoms is provided with a driving wheel 27, and an other side of described base bottom is provided with two followers 28, and motor 26 drives described driving wheel 27 and follower 28 rotations are walked to drive windmill 22, and then drive blower fan 21 rotations, thereby change wind direction.
In order to blow out comparatively approaching natural wind, the wind generating unit of better simulation reality, wind deflector 23 is installed on the exhaust outlet of described blower fan 21, the left and right sides of described wind deflector 23 is bell mouth shape side plate 23-1, middle dividing plate 23-2 for vertically being arranged in parallel, thereby the rotation wind that makes blower fan 21 blow out changes straight wind into, with more near natural wind.
Windmill 22 connects columns 11 by connecting rod 30, and the base 25 of connecting rod 30 1 ends and described windmill support 24 is fixed, and the other end is sleeved on the bottom of described column 11 by the collar 32, is provided with swivel bearing 33 in the described collar 32.For strengthening the connection between windmill 22 and the column 11, prevent that windmill support 24 from rolling in rotating process, also be provided with strut 31 between described support 24 and the column 11, described strut 31 1 ends connect the upper end of described support, and the other end connects the end that described connecting rod 30 is installed the collar 32.
The base of described column 11 is provided with snubber 34, described snubber 34 comprises two limit switches, in the rotary course of windmill 22, the angular orientation of snubber induction connecting rod 30 rotations, the output induced signal is to control system, control system is controlled the running of the motor 26 in the windmill 22 according to the testing signal output order, and the described connecting rod 30 of snubber 34 restrictions between 0 °~330 °, prevents to take place the phenomenon that electric wire twines around the angle of described column 11 rotations in 360 ° of rotary courses.
On described crossbeam 12 drive motor 17 is set, the output shaft of described drive motor 17 and is equipped with small gear 18 down, is installed with gearwheel 19 on the described column 11, and described small gear 18 and gearwheel 19 are meshed; End at described crossbeam 12 is provided with wind vane 15, and wind vane 15 connects encoders 16, by encoder 16 output detection signals to described control system; Described control system is judged the wind regime direction according to the testing signal of encoder 16 outputs, and then exports control command to the drive motor 17 that is installed on the crossbeam 12, and then follows wind regime by described drive motor 17 drive crossbeams 12 and rotate.Control system provides the control system signal, and drive motor 17 rotations drive small gear 18 around gearwheel 19 rotations, thereby the crossbeam 12 that drives drive motor 17 places rotates around described column 11.
On described crossbeam 12 bottom surfaces, be provided with hydraulic brake system 40, comprise oil hydraulic cylinder 41 and hold device 42 tightly by its control; On described column 11, be provided with the limit switch 43 that crossbeam 12 angle of swing are detected, described limit switch 43 output detection signals are to described control system, control system output control system signal when detecting the spacing value of crossbeam arrival is held device 42 tightly by oil hydraulic cylinder 41 drivings and is held column 11 tightly to oil hydraulic cylinder 41.
Also be provided with anemoclinograph 13-1 on described crossbeam 12, energy measuring wind speed in real time, wind direction also is presented on the operating console.
Concrete control principle is as follows:
Utilize Siemens S7-314C-D2P as the control core in the native system, it has A/D, D/A module, has analog amount I/O function.Utilize analog amount to regulate motor speed, can change the direction of wind as the input signal of frequency variator, the size of wind and generator blade towards.Wind vane links to each other with a photoelectric encoder is coaxial, can detect the direction of wind in real time, and be transferred among the PLC, through the PLC computing, determines the rotation direction and the speed of follow-up motor.Realization is to the tracking of wind direction.
Embedded anemoclinograph in the system, can accurately measure current wind speed direction, and be presented on the instrument panel.
System forms
Native system is divided into the control table and controlled device two-part are formed.The change of the sending of information processing, control signal, Control Parameter is all finished by control table part, and the collection of the finishing of each action of system, information is finished by controlled device.Form schematic representation as shown in Figure 2.
Control table mainly by PLC, frequency variator (3), anemoclinograph, voltmeter, form.
Anemoclinograph
Anemoclinograph is used to measure instantaneous value wind direction and average wind speed and direction, has functions such as demonstrations, automatic, real-time clock, overload alarm and data communication.The PH anemoclinograph is made up of WC-1 air velocity transducer and wind transducer, PH meteorological data acquisition instrument, meteorological software three parts of PH computer.The WC-1 vane adopts carbon fibre material, and the intensity height starts, and meets national meteorological phenomena measurement standard; PH meteorological data acquisition instrument is gathered and record wind speed and direction survey data, adopts Chinese character liquid crystal data display, and man-machine interface close friend has setup parameter power down protection and wind speed and direction historical data power-down protection, the reliability height.Wired and the 2 kinds of modes of GPRS wireless telecommunications of communication modes between PH meteorological data acquisition instrument and the computer adopt the GPRS wireless communication mode can select PH1000 GPRS wireless data communication terminal for use.This anemoclinograph advanced person that possesses skills, the measuring accuracy height, data capacity is big, and telemeter distance is far away, man-machine interface close friend, the advantage that reliability is high is widely used in fields such as meteorology, ocean, environment, airport, harbour, industrial or agricultural and traffic.
The sense cell of air velocity transducer is three glasss of wind assemblies, is made up of three carbon fiber vanes and glass stand.Transducer is multiple tooth revolving cup and slit optocoupler.When vane is subjected to horizontal wind-force effect and rotates, by the rotation of axle revolving cup in the slit optocoupler, the signal of output frequency.
The transducer of wind transducer is code-disc and photoelectric subassembly.When rotating, drive the rotation of code-disc in the photoelectric subassembly slit by axle when the variation of weathercock box haul.The photosignal correspondence that produces is the Gray code output of wind direction at that time.The transducer of sensor can adopt accurate conductive plastic potentiometer, thereby exports at the voltage signal that the potentiometer movable end changes.
Siemens S7-314C-2DP PLC
S7-300 is the middle-size and small-size PLC of modular type, and extensive use in industrial control has multiple communication mode, can form MPI, PROFIBUS and EPA etc. flexibly.
The CPU module (abbreviating CPU as) of S7-300 all has the RS-485 interface of a programming usefulness, and what have has PROFIBUS-DP interface or a PtP serial communication interface, can set up MPI (multipoint interface) network or DP network.
The essential structure of S7-300 and composition
1. power module 2. backup battery 3.24V DC connector 4. mode switchs, 5. states and fault indicating lamp
6. memory cards (CPU is more than 313) 7.MPI multipoint interface 8. front connectors 9. protecgulums
The RAM of the CPU that the function of 300 series of PLC is the strongest is 512KB, maximum 8192 memory bits, and 512 timers and 512 counters, digital quantity maximum 65536, analog quantity channel is 4096 to the maximum.More than 350 instruction arranged.The count range of counter is 1~999, and the timing range of timer is 10ms~9990s.
The CPU model of selecting for use in this experimental system is 314C-2DP, and band MPI and PROFIBUS interface can be formed the MPI network flexibly or the PROFIBUS network communicates.
Controlled device mainly is made up of blower fan, windmill and followup system.
Blower fan: major component is a JGF low noise blower fan, adopts the 220V power supply, regulates its rotating speed by frequency variator, and rated speed is 1420r.p.m, and air quantity is 5300m
3/ m.
Windmill mainly is equipped with motor that can change wind direction and the support of supporting blower fan by the bottom, and 3 universal wheelss of motor driving drive blower fan and rotate, and can freely change the wind direction of wind.
Followup system: compositions such as generator set, follow-up motor, anemovane, hydraulic brake system, position limitation protection system are housed on the followup system.
Generator set mainly is made up of windward blades and generator, and the wind moving vane drives generator for electricity generation.Followup system is driven by follow-up motor, follows the tracks of the variation of wind direction, and follow-up motor is a 200V band speed reducer motor, regulates its rotating speed by frequency variator.Anemorumbometer is used for Information Monitoring, and is converted into electrical signal, pass in the anemoclinograph and PLC in.Hydraulic brake system mainly is made up of fuel tank, oil hydraulic pump, solenoid valve, oil pipe and oil cylinder.The position limitation protection system is made up of four electromagnetism limit switches, prevents that windmill and followup system from moving limit.
System principle
Native system is mainly realized wind-power electricity generation, wind direction tracking, water brake, has contained that PLC control, VFC, PLC are communicated by letter with frequency variator, A/D, D/A conversion, hydraulic transmission technology, the technology such as application of PLC in hydraulic transmission, and real training is abundant in content.
The kinetic energy that we keep watch is transformed into mechanical energy, again mechanical energy is converted into electric energy, Here it is wind-power electricity generation.The needed device of wind-power electricity generation is called wind power generating set.This wind power generating set can be divided wind wheel (comprising tail vane), generator and iron tower three parts substantially.
Wind wheel is the vitals that the kinetic energy of keeping watch changes mechanical energy into, and it is made up of the impeller of two (or more) propeller shapes.When wind during, produce aerodynamic force on the blade and drive wind wheel and rotate to paddle.How the material requirements intensity height of blade, in light weight is made with glass fibre reinforced plastics or other composite material (as carbon fiber) at present.
Coaxial photoelectric encoder is housed on wind direction, can accurately detect wind direction and be converted into electrical signal and be sent among the PLC, PLC determines the movement direction and the speed of followup system according to wind direction, so that the windward side of generator blade maximally utilises wind energy over against windmill.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not to be the restriction of the present invention being made other form, and any those skilled in the art may utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to be changed or be modified as the equivalent embodiment of equivalent variations.But every technical solution of the present invention content that do not break away to any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling that above embodiment did, still belongs to the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention according to technical spirit of the present invention.