CN101834802A - Method and device for forwarding data packet - Google Patents
Method and device for forwarding data packet Download PDFInfo
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- CN101834802A CN101834802A CN201010183334.9A CN201010183334A CN101834802A CN 101834802 A CN101834802 A CN 101834802A CN 201010183334 A CN201010183334 A CN 201010183334A CN 101834802 A CN101834802 A CN 101834802A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
- H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
- H04L45/74591—Address table lookup; Address filtering using content-addressable memories [CAM]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
- H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
- H04L45/7453—Address table lookup; Address filtering using hashing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
- H04L45/745—Address table lookup; Address filtering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/74—Address processing for routing
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for forwarding a data packet, relating to the field of communication and aiming to solve the problems of higher cost and lower performance which are caused by requiring to increase the number of TCAM (Temary Content Addressable Memory) or repeatedly access an external RAM (Random-Access Memory) under the condition of requiring to search a longer IP (Internet Protocol) address during forwarding the data packet in the prior art. The method comprises the following steps of: taking out a first preset field from a destination address of a received data packet as a key value; searching a preset TCAM key according to the key value to acquire an index value returned by the TCAM key; and searching a preset RIB (Forward Information Base) key according to the index value and a second preset field in the destination address of the data packet by using a preset algorithm to acquire a forwarding address of the data packet. The technical scheme of the invention can be applied to the table look-up of an IPv6 address by a router.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication technical field, relate in particular to a kind of method and device of transmitting packet.
Background technology
In the design of router and switch, must be to the data processing of tabling look-up, so that find the next node of packet.For example, in common routing device, after forwarding engine received the IP message, by extracting the purpose IP address of message, (Forward Information Base, FIB) searching of table obtained the index of next-hop ip address to finish forwarding information base.The rule of tabling look-up commonly used at present is longest prefix match (LongestPrefix Match, LPM) rule.
At internet protocol version 4 (Internet Protocol Version 4, IPv4) to internet protocol version 6 (Internet Protocol Version 6, IPv6) in the process of transition, the technology that the LPM of existing techniques in realizing IPv6 tables look-up has two classes: the one, adopt special-purpose ternary content addressable memory (Ternary ContentAddressable Memory, TCAM), can find content corresponding fast; The 2nd, adopt the special algorithm (as Trie algorithm or B-tree algorithm) of searching, utilize outer cheap Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (the Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory of sheet, SDRAM) or static RAM (Static Random Access Memory SRAM) comes storage item FIB.Wherein, the principle of Trie algorithm is that the IP address is divided into a plurality of sections, each section go to visit external random access memory (RandomAccess Memory, RAM), the figure place of IP address is many more, segmentation is just many more, the number of times of visit external RAM is just many more; The B-tree algorithm basic principle is to adopt complete IP address multiple access external RAM, up to finding content corresponding.
In realizing process of the present invention, the inventor finds, (IPv4 is 32 because the IP address of IPv6 has increased a lot of positions than the IP address of IPv4, IPv6 is 128), therefore, if adopt above-mentioned first method to realize that the LPM of IPv6 tables look-up, certainly will to increase the number of TCAM chip, and the TCAM chip is very expensive at present, and power consumption is also very big.If adopt above-mentioned second method to realize that the LPM of IPv6 tables look-up, the number of times of visit external RAM will increase greatly, thereby the performance of tabling look-up is reduced.
Summary of the invention
Embodiments of the invention provide a kind of method and device of transmitting packet, can improve the performance of tabling look-up, reduce the cost of tabling look-up under the situation of searching long IP address.
For achieving the above object, embodiments of the invention adopt following technical scheme:
A kind of method of transmitting packet comprises:
From the destination address of received packet, take out the first predetermined field as key assignments;
Search the TCAM list item that sets in advance according to described key assignments, obtain the index value that described TCAM list item returns;
According to the predetermined field of second in the destination address of described index value and described packet, search the fib table item that sets in advance according to pre-defined algorithm, obtain the forwarding address of described packet.
A kind of device of transmitting packet comprises:
Extraction unit is used for taking out the first predetermined field as key assignments from the destination address of received packet;
First searches the unit, is used for searching the TCAM list item that sets in advance according to the key assignments that is extracted by described extraction unit, obtains the index value that described TCAM list item returns;
Second searches the unit, is used for searching the fib table item that sets in advance according to by the described first second predetermined field of searching the destination address of index value that the unit obtains and described packet according to pre-defined algorithm, obtains the forwarding address of described packet.
The method and the device of the forwarding packet that the embodiment of the invention provides, at first the predetermined field of first in the destination address of packet is adopted the look-up method of TCAM, obtain the index value that the second predetermined field is tabled look-up, adopt algorithm to table look-up by this index value again, obtain the forwarding address of final data bag.Owing to do not increase the number of TCAM, so cost can not increase; Because the second predetermined field is the part in the former destination address, more former destination address is short, so adopt algorithm to table look-up can not to cause the number of times of visit RAM more and cause the problem of decreased performance.The method and the device of the forwarding packet that the embodiment of the invention provides, TCAM tabled look-up to table look-up with algorithm to be combined, and compared with prior art, can improve the performance of tabling look-up, reduce the cost of tabling look-up under the situation of searching long IP address.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
The method flow diagram of the forwarding packet that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The apparatus structure schematic diagram one of the forwarding packet that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The apparatus structure schematic diagram two of the forwarding packet that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
Second structural representation of searching unit 203 in the device of the forwarding packet that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For the purpose, technical scheme and the advantage that make the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not paying the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
In order to solve prior art when transmitting packet, need search under the situation of long IP address, need to increase the number of TCAM, perhaps need repeatedly to visit external RAM and the problem that cost is higher, performance is lower that causes, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of method and device of transmitting packet.
As shown in Figure 1, the method for the forwarding packet that the embodiment of the invention provides comprises:
In embodiments of the present invention, the destination address of described packet is purpose IP address, perhaps is the combination of purpose IP address and predetermined network number.Wherein, described purpose IP address is generally 128 IPv6 address, and described predetermined network number is that (Virtual Private Network, identification number VPN) are generally 16 to VPN (virtual private network).When it and purpose IP address combination, the destination address in the packet is 144.The predetermined field of in the embodiment of the invention first is the field of the preceding predetermined length of destination address, and the hypothesis goal address is 128 IPv6 address, then selects preceding 64 to table look-up as key assignments.Certainly, also can select preceding 32 or preceding 16, perhaps other arbitrarily rational field repeats no more as key assignments herein.
In embodiments of the present invention, the described TCAM list item that sets in advance can adopt TCAM realization in the sheet, also can adopt the outer TCAM of sheet to realize.TCAM is a kind of hardware unit that is used for searching list item specially, and its capacity of depositing list item is less, but performance is higher, adopts TCAM can find object content apace.Only use preceding 64 of target ip address to search list item as key assignments in the present embodiment, rather than in the picture prior art, adopt whole target ip address to search list item, like this, the number that just need not increase TCAM extraly is to increase the list item capacity.Adopt said method, if hit the TCAM list item, this TCAM list item can return an index value, is used for follow-up tabling look-up.
In embodiments of the present invention, the described second predetermined field is the residue field except the first predetermined field in the destination address of described packet.As described in step 101, if the first predetermined field is preceding 64 of target ip address, then the second predetermined field is remaining back 64 an of target ip address.The index value that the TCAM list item returns adopts pre-defined algorithm to realize to the searching of fib table item, to obtain final data bag forwarding address, the i.e. index of next-hop ip address with back 64 of purpose IP address.Described fib table sets in advance, and is stored among the RAM, and this RAM can adopt the RAM realization in the sheet, also can adopt the outer RAM of sheet to realize, also can be that the outer RAM of ram in slice and sheet mixes realization.Described pre-defined algorithm can be the Trie algorithm, also can be the B-Tree algorithm.
In the embodiment of the invention, specifically there are two kinds of methods to realize searching: method one to fib table, 64 constitute a new key assignments (being called second key assignments) together behind index value that the TCAM list item is returned and the purpose IP address, search whole fib table item with this key assignments, obtain final data bag forwarding address.In the method, the index value that the TCAM list item is returned is generally 16bit.Method two, the index value that the TCAM list item returns limit the seek scope of fib table item as a parameter.At this moment, directly back 64 with purpose IP address search the fib table item as key assignments (being called the 3rd key assignments) in above-mentioned seek scope, obtain final data bag forwarding address.
Further, in embodiments of the present invention, if do not hit described TCAM list item when tabling look-up for the first time, then with the field of whole purpose IP address as key assignments, directly adopt the Trie algorithm in RAM, perhaps the B-Tree algorithm removes to search the fib table item, obtains the forwarding address of packet.
The method of the forwarding packet that the embodiment of the invention provides, at first the predetermined field of first in the destination address of packet is adopted the look-up method of TCAM, obtain the index value that the second predetermined field is tabled look-up, adopt algorithm to table look-up by this index value again, obtain the forwarding address of final data bag.Owing to do not increase the number of TCAM, so cost can not increase; Because the second predetermined field is the part in the former destination address, more former destination address is short, so adopt algorithm to table look-up can not to cause the number of times of visit RAM more and cause the problem of decreased performance.The method of the forwarding packet that the embodiment of the invention provides, TCAM tabled look-up to table look-up with algorithm to be combined, and compared with prior art, can improve the performance of tabling look-up, reduce the cost of tabling look-up under the situation of searching long IP address.
As shown in Figure 2, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of device of transmitting packet, comprising:
Further, as shown in Figure 3, described device also comprises:
The 3rd searches unit 204, is used for searching the fib table item that sets in advance according to the entire fields of described destination address according to pre-defined algorithm when not hitting described TCAM list item, obtains the forwarding address of described packet.
Need to prove, when not hitting described TCAM list item and second and search the unit and support two kinds of patterns (complete IPv6 pattern and IPv6 address space left pattern), also can search the unit and search the fib table item that sets in advance according to pre-defined algorithm according to the entire fields of described destination address with second.
Further, as shown in Figure 4, described second searches unit 203 comprises:
Acquiring unit 2033 is used for according to searching the seek scope that index value that unit 202 obtains obtains described fib table item by described first; Second searches subelement 2034, be used for the second predetermined field with the destination address of described packet as the 3rd key assignments, in the seek scope of the fib table item that is obtained by described acquiring unit 2033, search described fib table item, obtain the forwarding address of described packet according to described pre-defined algorithm.
In embodiments of the present invention, described pre-defined algorithm is the Trie algorithm, perhaps the B-tree algorithm.
The above specific implementation of installing each unit can repeat no more referring to the described method part of step 101～step 103 herein.
The device of the forwarding packet that the embodiment of the invention provides, at first the predetermined field of first in the destination address of packet is adopted the look-up method of TCAM, obtain the index value that second field is tabled look-up, adopt algorithm to table look-up by this index value again, obtain the forwarding address of final data bag.Owing to do not increase the number of TCAM, so cost can not increase; Because the second predetermined field is the part in the former destination address, more former destination address is short, so adopt algorithm to table look-up can not to cause the number of times of visit RAM more and cause the problem of decreased performance.In the embodiment of the invention, according to the stratification characteristics of " IPv6 polymerizable global unicast address ", N bar mask finally can be grouped to the IPv6 route of 1 48bit length or 64bit length greater than 64 IPv6 route.Like this,, only need take a list item (N:1 convergence), still need N list item, but each list item is all than complete 128bit IPv6 list item short (for example remaining list item is 64bit) in second lookup unit in first lookup unit at this N bar route.The device of the forwarding packet that the embodiment of the invention provides combines TCAM table look-up device and algorithm table look-up device, compared with prior art, can improve the performance of tabling look-up, reduce the cost of tabling look-up under the situation of searching long IP address.
Technical scheme provided by the invention can be applied in router in the tabling look-up of IPv6 address.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of step that realizes in the foregoing description method is to instruct relevant hardware to finish by program, described program can be stored in the computer-readable recording medium, as ROM/RAM, magnetic disc or CD etc.
The above; only be the specific embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; can expect easily changing or replacing, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion by described protection range with claim.
Claims (12)
1. a method of transmitting packet is characterized in that, comprising:
From the destination address of received packet, take out the first predetermined field as key assignments;
Search the TCAM list item that sets in advance according to described key assignments, obtain the index value that described TCAM list item returns;
According to the predetermined field of second in the destination address of described index value and described packet, search the fib table item that sets in advance according to pre-defined algorithm, obtain the forwarding address of described packet.
2. the method for forwarding packet according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the residue field in the destination address that the described second predetermined field is described packet except the first predetermined field.
3. the method for forwarding packet according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
If do not hit described TCAM list item, search the fib table item that sets in advance according to the entire fields of described destination address according to pre-defined algorithm, obtain the forwarding address of described packet.
4. the method for forwarding packet according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, describedly search the fib table item that sets in advance according to the predetermined field of second in the destination address of described index value and described packet according to pre-defined algorithm, the method for obtaining the forwarding address of described packet comprises:
The predetermined field of in the destination address of described index value and described packet second is combined, constitute second key assignments; Search described fib table item according to described second key assignments according to described pre-defined algorithm, obtain the forwarding address of described packet; Perhaps,
Obtain the seek scope of described fib table item according to described index value; The predetermined field of in the destination address of described packet second as the 3rd key assignments, is searched described fib table item according to described pre-defined algorithm in the seek scope of described fib table item, obtain the forwarding address of described packet.
5. the method for forwarding packet according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The described TCAM list item that sets in advance adopts TCAM realization in the sheet, perhaps, adopts the outer TCAM of sheet to realize.
6. the method for forwarding packet according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The described fib table item that sets in advance is stored in the interior random access memory of sheet, perhaps, is stored in the outer random access memory of sheet.
7. the method for forwarding packet according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the destination address of described packet comprises:
Purpose IP address, perhaps, the combination of described purpose IP address and predetermined network number.
8. the method for forwarding packet according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
The first predetermined field of taking out from described destination address is the field of the preceding predetermined length of described destination address.
9. according to the method for claim 1 or 3 described forwarding packets, it is characterized in that described pre-defined algorithm comprises:
Trie algorithm, perhaps B-tree algorithm.
10. a device of transmitting packet is characterized in that, comprising:
Extraction unit is used for taking out the first predetermined field as key assignments from the destination address of received packet;
First searches the unit, is used for searching the TCAM list item that sets in advance according to the key assignments that is extracted by described extraction unit, obtains the index value that described TCAM list item returns;
Second searches the unit, is used for searching the fib table item that sets in advance according to by the described first second predetermined field of searching the destination address of index value that the unit obtains and described packet according to pre-defined algorithm, obtains the forwarding address of described packet.
11. the device of forwarding packet according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described device also comprises:
The 3rd searches the unit, is used for searching the fib table item that sets in advance according to the entire fields of described destination address according to pre-defined algorithm when not hitting described TCAM list item, obtains the forwarding address of described packet.
12. the device of forwarding packet according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described second searches the unit comprises:
Generation unit is used for constituting second key assignments with being combined by the described first second predetermined field of searching the destination address of index value that the unit obtains and described packet; First searches subelement, is used for searching described fib table item according to second key assignments that is generated by described generation unit according to described pre-defined algorithm, obtains the forwarding address of described packet; Perhaps,
Acquiring unit is used for according to searching the seek scope that index value that the unit obtains obtains described fib table item by described first; Second searches subelement, be used for the second predetermined field with the destination address of described packet as the 3rd key assignments, in by the seek scope of the fib table item that described acquiring unit obtained, search described fib table item, obtain the forwarding address of described packet according to described pre-defined algorithm.
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| CN201010183334.9A CN101834802B (en) | 2010-05-26 | 2010-05-26 | Method and device for forwarding data packet |
| US13/110,694 US8879555B2 (en) | 2010-05-26 | 2011-05-18 | Method and apparatus for forwarding packets by obtaining addresses of the packets using a preset forwarding information base entry |
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| CN201010183334.9A CN101834802B (en) | 2010-05-26 | 2010-05-26 | Method and device for forwarding data packet |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8879555B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 |
| CN101834802B (en) | 2012-08-08 |
| US20110292943A1 (en) | 2011-12-01 |
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